treatments-xml/data/E8/37/66/E83766358BA5034283306FAD4C7BF062.xml

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="28281" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" ID-GBIF-Dataset="175ade4f-e320-4f41-ab85-7811f4147be4" ID-PMC="PMC6323114" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-114-123" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" ID-PubMed="30627045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2533527" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-114-123" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi" checkinTime="1553125316505" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peterson, Paul M., Vega, Isidoro Sanchez, Romaschenko, Konstantin, Giraldo-Canas, Diego &amp; Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio" docDate="2018" docId="E83766358BA5034283306FAD4C7BF062" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 114: 123-206" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 114" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" docTitle="Muhlenbergia fastigiata Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 40: 59. 1921" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" lastPageNumber="150" masterDocId="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" masterDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi" masterLastPageNumber="206" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="150" updateTime="1732930826153" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="80289B156058CBF3AFC49CE657E1534B">Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F254CAB3E3F85E6F2BC9BF1B0F3051FE">Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="00EBEC80A4FC4D8B5BEC98EF69E1D4D4">Vega, Isidoro Sanchez</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="128D92074825356062865FFF4938A173">Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0E304124156F761909ECCA38D423C4FD">Giraldo-Canas, Diego</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E8F04F0103E71BBE24DB56FC26BCE700">Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="28198FFBD8B996297830A87BEB780B09">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="E83766358BA5034283306FAD4C7BF062" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472446" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E83766358BA5034283306FAD4C7BF062" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E83766358BA5034283306FAD4C7BF062" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" scope_family="Poaceae">
<subSubSection id="5D9B012005C7EC052E81495E406C1532" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B06BFEE936BA6009D3FE8D404CC31717" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">
9. 
<taxonomicName id="6D12C22986F0BAE581F1E057ED17D0E7" ID-CoL="44JGY" LSID="A8E16082-F43C-572A-9DE1-619CAF009B76" authority="(J. Presl) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 40: 59. 1921." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia fastigiata" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fastigiata">Muhlenbergia fastigiata (J. Presl) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 40: 59. 1921.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="5EF2CCB0E17BCEBB4832770C13F57B66" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 8. A-E Muhlenbergia fastigiata (J. Presl) Henrard A habit B ligule C glumes D floret E stamens and pistil F-J Muhlenbergia ligularais (Hack.) Hitchc F habit G ligule H glumes I floret J stamens and pistil. Drawings from Giraldo-Canas and Peterson (2009), Peterson and Giraldo-Canas (2011) A-E drawn from P. M. Peterson, S. Laegaard, R. J. Soreng &amp; C. R. Annable 12709 (US) F-J drawn from P. M. Peterson, S. Laegaard, R. J. Soreng &amp; C. R. Annable 12684 (US)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254049" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Fig. 8A-E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95729C52E46D2CFCA8F244D1C3DB105D" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CB3AE733A9E274399B47B9F77DE3D4C5" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="5B5456AEB133E7FB918F564E8B3FBB0A" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sporobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sporobolus fastigiatus" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fastigiatus">Sporobolus fastigiatus</taxonomicName>
J. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1 (4-5): 241. 1830. Type: Peru, 
<emphasis id="AB15A37B170BAC06FB4FE18ACD847030" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Haenke s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: PR, isotypes: PRC-450197 [image!], US-3048470! fragm. ex PR).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="50CFFC2A979B5EE3012FC069E268AAE2" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="BA4C517FCE18A4CC2C607FA4BBFD2113" authorityName="Laegaard" authorityYear="1995" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia cleefii" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cleefii">Muhlenbergia cleefii</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="C03A9B4939715D54FF66CDAD0982B65B" originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
, Caldasia 17 (82-85): 409-411. 1995. Type: Colombia, 
<normalizedToken id="E1FE9FAA5F6AA427D2B565339FF2B71D" originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
, Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Alto Valle de Lagunilla, 
<normalizedToken id="032F4275A96322CC48D71A480D23DA05" originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
pantanoso al sur de la Laguna Cuadrada, 4060 m, 26 sep 1972, 
<emphasis id="202389B53083FAAD5DAF8D122A46C4EB" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">A. Cleef &amp; P.A. Florschutz 5578</emphasis>
(holotype: COL!; isotypes: U-0007997 [image!], US-2785756!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="95C15570F126A5DBDE1E6F42F0CCA6C7" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" type="description">
<paragraph id="34007786728084DC842ADEAC8C0E1B6A" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="22D2178A82F907B95BC68649B1072B95" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">
Dense mat-forming 
<emphasis id="D03C7C29B9DD5457D425C97E26465076" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">perennials</emphasis>
with scaly rhizomes, the acute scales 4.5-8.1 (-10) mm long, the rhizomes 1-2 (-2.5) mm in diameter. 
<emphasis id="E16BC0E31739808801897722B339C8CF" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Culms</emphasis>
2-8 (-11) cm long, mostly erect, 2-3 (4) mm diameter below; 
<emphasis id="D1D919FFB754236FF876F5E25A47B153" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">internodes</emphasis>
1-10 mm long, compressed. 
<emphasis id="679D2420A7AD604E9320E93225C3275B" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
3-6 (-10) mm long, distichous, overlapping, margins hyaline; 
<emphasis id="764ED5F5390338BD0D733DAEB5E9494A" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">ligules</emphasis>
6-1.4 mm long, membranous, decurrent, apex acute to obtuse; 
<emphasis id="2A925D1D6AD7C84DEBA5D302E63DAA9F" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">blades</emphasis>
2.5-8.5 mm long, 0.6-1.1 mm wide, involute, arcuate, glabrous to finely papillose, margins scabrous, apex navicular, often pungent. 
<emphasis id="8FB588EB20A501C299E179B30ACBB3BE" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Panicles</emphasis>
1-2 cm long, 1-5 mm wide, contracted, narrow, usually exserted with 3-9 nodes; 
<emphasis id="A3E78A54DE1835DD9F9FE7C1C5A489DF" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">primary branches</emphasis>
0.4-1 cm long, ascending, solitary at a node; 
<emphasis id="9DCFA1A85FE6FED4339DEC4D51596305" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">rachis</emphasis>
papillose-roughened just below the spikelets. Spikelets (1.8--) 2-2.5 mm long, plumbeous; 
<emphasis id="DC850BF1C703A6E3F77E37D2415A18FD" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">glumes</emphasis>
(0.8-) 1-1.6 mm long,about 
<normalizedToken id="0B5F8CF67F14C2DAB1E7B5C0E35ECE0C" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
as long as the floret, subequal, 1-veined, rarely 2-veined, apex acute to obtuse; 
<emphasis id="5921230A345AC3A7A4938394257965AA" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">lemmas</emphasis>
(1.7-) 1.9-2.4 mm long, 3-veined, glabrous, plumbeous, apex acute, mucronate, the mucros less than 0.3 mm long; 
<emphasis id="57792CD0A3538B287D57C05B31F47238" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">paleas</emphasis>
(1.6-) 1.8-2.4 mm long, 2-veined, glabrous; 
<emphasis id="81B7C70689B15ABB698B399309C149E9" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">anthers</emphasis>
1-1.7 mm long, yellow or purple. 
<emphasis id="90E336C143A8032BBD10476F0D0F50A0" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Caryopses</emphasis>
1-1.3 mm long, about 0.4 mm wide, ellipsoid, dark brown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7349E86569C48747D7826A4684833C0E" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2533679" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254049" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" start="Figure 8" startId="F9">
<paragraph id="A39A0207638FDF57DEDC325DEE8B463C" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="BA85EDE42D91ED26172FE1BE17407EE1" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DBBBB8FE8518A2FCCC543F20827408F7" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">A-E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="13840BCEFB329826F1F71D920D02C686" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia fastigiata" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fastigiata">
<emphasis id="FC3FBAC2F9CADC03ABAA4F16F2F9F4AA" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Muhlenbergia fastigiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(J.Presl) Henrard 
<emphasis id="AE011111CCCA9E3859D1564F63D02286" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">A</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis id="98C7496008A26B93B093895A7015CDBB" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">B</emphasis>
ligule 
<emphasis id="137CA3E334629EB62A5A95ACCF6D4156" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">C</emphasis>
glumes 
<emphasis id="F1CF576D1EF4DA65E4F86E5925CD2DCA" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">D</emphasis>
floret 
<emphasis id="3B757DB3D65ECE5271060FBD7ABE2D84" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">E</emphasis>
stamens and pistil 
<emphasis id="881BFFBBF6A53F77C92B3AC79AD6CF34" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">F-J</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4E3E8C0B2A8DEB1A747480DA6033BB3D" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia ligularais" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligularais">
<emphasis id="9455A2AB89367EE584214252F89AEA63" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Muhlenbergia ligularais</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hack.) Hitchc 
<emphasis id="267AFAF6588CA17D65655B9436C2EBB4" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">F</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis id="58AEB2D342894F656A27ECCD6269092B" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">G</emphasis>
ligule 
<emphasis id="9DBDA181780FC43F6BCB064E1FC281B6" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">H</emphasis>
glumes 
<emphasis id="F9AA233B681F7C726F20B91E8E14ECFD" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">I</emphasis>
floret 
<emphasis id="8326DEB27305C44ED04035F118F35929" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">J</emphasis>
stamens and pistil. Drawings from 
<bibRefCitation id="B6E53DB4A70B8D0022A939E55BAA7A96" author="Giraldo-Canas, D" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="269 - 302" refId="B7" refString="Giraldo-Canas, D, Peterson, P, 2009. El genero Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae) en Colombia. Caldasia 31: 269 - 302" title="El genero Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae) en Colombia." volume="31" year="2009">
<normalizedToken id="9D5A120FC1BE9E6A7FE556A4D1C4212E" originalValue="Giraldo-Cañas">Giraldo-Canas</normalizedToken>
and Peterson (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4F2BA5F49FC433BA1770F25940AA153F" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="21 - 54" refId="B28" refString="Peterson, PM, Giraldo-Canas, D, 2011. Las especies de Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) de Argentina. Caldasia 33: 21 - 54" title="Las especies de Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) de Argentina." volume="33" year="2011">
Peterson and 
<normalizedToken id="42995A8B88CFCF96F390CAA72FA9514B" originalValue="Giraldo-Cañas">Giraldo-Canas</normalizedToken>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="68A7E36B28781AF7F0BB110EFC96D24A" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">A-E</emphasis>
drawn from 
<emphasis id="B22AA9F81B342F3A81A2EDCD9DD99487" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">
P.M. Peterson, S. 
<normalizedToken id="68380C060B13DE64589C8E6D8FAC0F05" originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
, R.J. Soreng &amp; C.R. Annable 12709
</emphasis>
(US) 
<emphasis id="E9B686355081A63504B0CF13AD4822B4" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">F-J</emphasis>
drawn from 
<emphasis id="F106D02A46581C922B384C3B2E460651" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">
P.M. Peterson, S. 
<normalizedToken id="B9B9D3C26EF3BDE7064A9C3A8860425D" originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
, R.J. Soreng &amp; C.R. Annable 12684
</emphasis>
(US).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FB5562A0F246A4F5BA5CB5D6D9958CC7" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3CA1F7FFD1583EDF3D69506B77FE2B5A" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7BD274253AFD37656F8F5ED6210C94BC" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="A0B817D40A062FDACB1C94407869AA6E" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia fastigiata" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fastigiata">
<emphasis id="1A8C71A6826B9358FC0518D728757011" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Muhlenbergia fastigiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in South America in the Andean highlands of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Peru (
<bibRefCitation id="2F8A253A55E2A3285999A7823130F4A1" author="Morden, CW" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" refId="B19" refString="Morden, CW, 1985. A biosystematic study of the Muhlenbergiarepens complex (Poaceae). PhD. Dissertation. Texas A&amp;M University, College Station." title="A biosystematic study of the Muhlenbergiarepens complex (Poaceae). PhD. Dissertation. Texas A &amp; M University, College Station." year="1985">Morden 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="1955EC9CAC92236CE0C77EF794C0C0EC" author="Morden, CW" journalOrPublisher="Sida" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="349 - 365" refId="B21" refString="Morden, CW, Hatch, SL, 1996. Morphological variation and synopsis of the Muhlenbergia repens complex (Poaceae). Sida 17: 349 - 365" title="Morphological variation and synopsis of the Muhlenbergia repens complex (Poaceae)." volume="17" year="1996">Morden and Hatch 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="94126528A5D82F0535C02BE29AAD6897" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="ACDFDD9BDBEEE19FEC55AFAFF2299B89" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="93F3803A82CDD188DD39BB08ADC88FF2" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="46CADF53165520F3FAFEAB2ABF147815" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia fastigiata" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fastigiata">
<emphasis id="A85AA55251F23C0ED2CA20E841AA4787" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Muhlenbergia fastigiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs on grassy flats, playas, slopes, rock outcrops, near gravelly creeks and lake margins in granitic and calcareous soils associated with 
<taxonomicName id="38BAF873A5EE7543BC9042B6A00A8687" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis" order="Asterales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C57098D1618622659AFA99DA8ECA7402" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Baccharis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4EA2254C2C4194172167885A1393132A" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Berberis" order="Ranunculales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E701FCDB35B299446C7BD7321800A003" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Berberis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="869862817BD2A3DAB2B26F511FF2BB9B" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calamagrostis" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4C19DA5B77734B4ADEE039FD0A719B25" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Calamagrostis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BFF5BB253365B03F71A43138CB65CA6D" class="Ginkgoopsida" family="Ephedraceae" genus="Ephedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ephedra" order="Ephedrales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Ginkgophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F8A3F2CF2D2C57C9A88C7642C7E380F2" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Ephedra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="0A8B518A58A5C6CAE6E3BE4DBB80AF12" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AA988E0963EA990F01999A4A84981EE1" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Festuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="527F5FA6A7AB53E1AFA8A11A39E43228" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Jarava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Jarava" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="808B1D726D81E60F41FA700AFE914489" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Jarava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="011FB480276FCCD09FD7FF161DFC96BA" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Margyricarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Margyricarpus" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7354EC172111D8C9A6F1CA24A941A346" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Margyricarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="12C52E9C834426D4F91A365C1BB22893" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8EFB24C4CEFFDD02174F7DB6493AEB9C" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Muhlenbergia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="21A7B361A9549B2836F79849F730B784" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="ligularis" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligularis">
<emphasis id="E52E08DFF19F5E1670372F8A975EDE33" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">ligularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="E5B823842E19380BEFF0C12D1D937FAD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="D9DC7BCE542175F3AE5BB84EF78E052C" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">M. peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="C23BA6D2EE5B55153837451BA62CD0F2" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Nassella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nassella" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="625192AC0B612AABAB342B577138F13A" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Nassella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 3000-4900 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="209D36551CCB6B8DE3544C2F964BC413" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" type="comments">
<paragraph id="A74B318D35195DBC3648C1DC0F09DB8D" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E765C797C3CFEC020DD1730242DC7744" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">
Morphologically, 
<taxonomicName id="D4F07AE9B15F7C3236BF50D6D0E5F249" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. fastigiata" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fastigiata">
<emphasis id="9831FCA0E001EC4EDDAC72227BF13CD1" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">M. fastigiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can sometimes be confused with the distantly related 
<taxonomicName id="3E3F586E223A43176F9BA73591AA1AD8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. ligularis" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="ligularis">
<emphasis id="2C6195B492B1D21290954092BDFA495C" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">M. ligularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D9491858E2E809DC01654770EF507156" authority="subg. Bealia" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M." order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">M. subg. Bealia</taxonomicName>
; Fig. 
<figureCitation id="10DB2380BE8688D937568F2DB35569C7" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps 16 - trnK, rps 16 intron, rps 3, and rpl 32 - trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95 - 1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2 %." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254042" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">1B</figureCitation>
). However, the former has well developed rhizomes (absent in 
<taxonomicName id="667346A947075B3FBE1BB964C0C2B3E2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. ligularis" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="ligularis">
<emphasis id="7A193C5498DEF28FB91E70BF8D51488B" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">M. ligularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and tightly involute, acuate leaf blades (versus flat and straight). 
<taxonomicName id="727410FA10CE201B23032A15360C7B46" authorityName="Rydb" authorityYear="1905" baseAuthorityName="Trin." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia richardsonis" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="richardsonis">
<emphasis id="14FB7932A1B78874CB99EFDF0FCC77D6" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Muhlenbergia richardsonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Trin.) Rydb., a wide ranging North American species, is also morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName id="0ACBE1D530E53CAFF354E1F26B2D3F4B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. fastigiata" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fastigiata">
<emphasis id="6BB3DCC5ED2B331F7EF326D008379ECC" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">M. fastigiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in most characters, although 
<taxonomicName id="AF2C65FDACF4124970859FA1CA129DDE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. richardsonis" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="richardsonis">
<emphasis id="5C1113ADEB535099D6CEABDFD5A239DB" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">M. richardsonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a taller habit and differes in leaf anatomy (
<bibRefCitation id="107D5C732194CBCFBCA110421BE0BF06" author="Morden, CW" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" refId="B19" refString="Morden, CW, 1985. A biosystematic study of the Muhlenbergiarepens complex (Poaceae). PhD. Dissertation. Texas A&amp;M University, College Station." title="A biosystematic study of the Muhlenbergiarepens complex (Poaceae). PhD. Dissertation. Texas A &amp; M University, College Station." year="1985">Morden 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="0CC20DBDEE6E290314A22E9795B4F6FA" author="Morden, CW" journalOrPublisher="Sida" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="349 - 365" refId="B21" refString="Morden, CW, Hatch, SL, 1996. Morphological variation and synopsis of the Muhlenbergia repens complex (Poaceae). Sida 17: 349 - 365" title="Morphological variation and synopsis of the Muhlenbergia repens complex (Poaceae)." volume="17" year="1996">Morden and Hatch 1996</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="3397D2E483F3D203137F2DEDAA519D16" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aciachne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aciachne acicularis" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="acicularis">
<emphasis id="C0498CC0721161AE328F0E245114472A" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Aciachne acicularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="F69AFA7A6ECB8D8DE13F8E173F92A5FD" originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
and 
<taxonomicName id="AFCD45202E1BC18E10DE10009389FB5A" lsidName="A. pulvinata" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" rank="species" species="pulvinata">
<emphasis id="3EA51980F554532C4D121F183FDFE5FB" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">A. pulvinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benth., two small, compact, mat-forming perennials, can also be mistaken for 
<taxonomicName id="A03B55DA197C100F6D43DC545A560F81" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. fastigiata" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fastigiata">
<emphasis id="7991B8AB99C3ADBD822AA311C930E0E7" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">M. fastigiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, both species of 
<taxonomicName id="72CBA35D57D61BF8542272CE18A09090" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1881" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aciachne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aciachne" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0B3D5F177B815A3D7AB01634FED621E8" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Aciachne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="79A7F1767807663F447C48DB086E317A" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1861" genus="Pooideae" lsidName="" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" rank="genus" subfamily="Pooideae">Pooideae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="35CFDAFB7C8C3C6E419ADF217FC8FAC0" authorityName="Bentham" authorityYear="1861" lsidName="" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" rank="tribe" tribe="Stipeae">Stipeae</taxonomicName>
) have longer spikelets ranging from 3.8-6 mm long, glumes that are 3-5-veined, and tightly overlapping lemma margins (
<bibRefCitation id="21CA253F18B4E12125A577905043334D" author="Renvoize, SA" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" refId="B52" refString="Renvoize, SA, 1998. Gramineas de Bolivia. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1-644." title="Gramineas de Bolivia. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1 - 644." year="1998">Renvoize 1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="DBAC70506E586FF59BA39614CE87491F" author="Giraldo-Canas, D" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="269 - 302" refId="B7" refString="Giraldo-Canas, D, Peterson, P, 2009. El genero Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae) en Colombia. Caldasia 31: 269 - 302" title="El genero Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae) en Colombia." volume="31" year="2009">
<normalizedToken id="9FC7C61BFE5593A95BC7D87485170E3B" originalValue="Giraldo-Cañas">Giraldo-Canas</normalizedToken>
and Peterson 2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE1853E8D52A3A4CD8A0DDAC1817F252" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="6480B6C34D10A0D77590057A874C4E75" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia fastigiata" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fastigiata">
<emphasis id="68DFB55CE88B0DBA54D17DE0BBB41B24" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Muhlenbergia fastigiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sister to the North American, 
<taxonomicName id="C899711D3359EAE3D933D0EDBC33D597" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. richardsonis" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="richardsonis">
<emphasis id="7126BEC7032499C4A921AE51803EA30D" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">M. richardsonis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="5C96966EFB75754A447963FF91C1BD7A" authority="subg. Pseudosporobolus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M." order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">M. subg. Pseudosporobolus</taxonomicName>
[Fig. 
<figureCitation id="37FDE251FB5B15F802F5793C93B67122" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps 16 - trnK, rps 16 intron, rps 3, and rpl 32 - trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95 - 1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2 %." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254042" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">1</figureCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="6893E5D6892C4AE1E0FD8224FD9B084C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" pagination="1532 - 1554" refId="B38" refString="Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Johnson, G, 2010b. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 97 (9): 1532 - 1554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" title="A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" volume="97" year="2010 b">Peterson et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0F435F217925580455D260198F2EDB0" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2F560EBDFC216F717EE66F747A628669" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67DA6EB686FB3DD8597882F636F81AF" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">
Peru. 
<emphasis id="BA6A49DCD91F3BE632BAA205F7030961" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Ancash</emphasis>
: Recuay, Cordillera Blanca, 39 km S of Catac on road towards Raquia, 3980 m, 21 Mar 1997, P.M. Peterson 13825 &amp; N. Refulio Rodriguez (US, USM); Cordillera Negra, E slope of Cerro Pullicharca (Purac), ca. 1.5 km W of hwy 109 and then 3.6 km S of Tapacocha along Rio Santa, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE703E36B5823FB1E128BBFFE6E333A2" degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="39.4" value="-9.927611">9°55'39.4&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="7C9402D4977FD95868739E470A3673CD" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="45.3" value="-77.39591">77°23'45.3&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 3822 m, 9 Mar 2008, P.M. Peterson 21512, R.J. Soreng, M.I. La Torre &amp; J.V. Rojas Fox (US, USM); between Santa Rosa and Araranca 12 Apr 1915, O.F. Cook &amp; G.B. Gilbert 168 (US). 
<emphasis id="11407500054E7D9BC152970A2C799777" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Arequipa</emphasis>
: Prov. Caylloma, Valle de Colca, Chiray-Tuti, 3900 m, 12 Jan 1999, S.G. Beck 26354 (LPB); Prov. Caylloma, Pampa 
<normalizedToken id="19D60E835E27262A315622308A34B0C9" originalValue="Cañahuas">Canahuas</normalizedToken>
, &quot;Grama dulce&quot;, 4200 m, 3 Jul 2001, M. 
<normalizedToken id="9CC809649D8346A623E8DB0DF941ED54" originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
Diaz 1130 (USM). 
<emphasis id="BD5DBE5A06827CD214D61A25DF6795F3" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="150">Cajamarca</emphasis>
: Prov. Hualgayoc, 8 km NE of Hualgayoc on hwy 3N towards Bambamarca, 3080 m, 17 Mar 2000, P.M. Peterson &amp; N. Refulio Rodriguez 14950 (CPUN, US, USM). Kanzel, above Sunchubamba, 3680 m, 6 Aug 1957, H. Ellenberg 1852 (US). 
<emphasis id="24E444CE0EF1852084B71FFEFD3E3FA5" bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="151">
<pageBreakToken id="C3541CED1F3279D98915F305932AD019" pageId="28" pageNumber="151" start="start">Cusco</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
: Chumbivilias, Rio de Velille, 3850 m, C. Vargas C. 14084 (US); Espinar, alrededores de Yauri, 3900 m, 26 Mar 1956, 26 Mar 1956, C. Vargas C. 11209 (US). 
<emphasis id="393DCB77FEDA5F3BBC414CFBC10DA428" bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="151">Huancavelica</emphasis>
: Huancavelica, Canyon of Rio Ichu, SW of Huancavelica ca. 5 km on Hwy 3 to Santa Ines and Ayacucho, 
<geoCoordinate id="49A891D30AF760DB9E6C2C8776B8ED4D" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="48.2" value="-12.813389">12°48'48.2&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="53B7BF0D1C63451A6AB15779A1342FC9" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="24.5" value="-75.05681">75°3'24.5&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 4894 m, 14 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson 20463, R.J. Soreng, K. Romaschenko &amp; D. Susanibar Cruz (US, USM); Tayacaja, Just above Chuquitambo, 4 km SW of Pazo, 3975 m, 9 Apr 1997, P.M. Peterson 14151 &amp; O. Tovar (US, USM). 
<emphasis id="18A4CCB9C903E3F4C2B254151062AE32" bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="151">
<normalizedToken id="D2EFB81F4803EF4A11F2B7761DFA0687" originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Prov. Huancayo, Acopalca, 3900 m, 25 Jul 1945, J. Infantes Vera s.n. (LIL); Prov. Huancayo, Acopalca, 4000 m, 20 July 1947, J. Infantes Vera 446 (LIL); entre Tarma y La Oroya, 3700 m, A. Weberbauer 2525 (MOL); Hacienda Cachi-Cachi, 4000 m, 22 Oct 1950, O. Velarde 
<normalizedToken id="8ED42148703E45F2B0D3D82578006FF1" originalValue="Nuñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
2869 (MOL); Jauja, 34 km SE of La Oroya on road towards Jauja, 3600 m, 9 Apr 1997, P.M. Peterson 14125 &amp; O. Tovar (US, USM); Jauja, Tarma-Jauja road, 28 km from Tarma, 
<geoCoordinate id="464AE97A283B8058624DB4F1FA0FFF24" degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-11.583333">11°35'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="469250044ED31B9D82207517AA19E2D9" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.63333">75°38'W</geoCoordinate>
, 3950 m, 10 Jan 1984, D.N. Smith 5694 (MO, US); 
<normalizedToken id="2EC49684779E46EAD5CB334D332A86A5" originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
, SE shore of Lago Chinchay Cocha (Junin) and 8 km S of Huayre, 4110 m, 7 Apr 1997, P.M. Peterson 14096 &amp; O. Tovar (US, USM); Yauli, 156 km W of Lima just above Yauli, 4120 m, 5 Apr 1997, P.M. Peterson 14040 &amp; O. Tovar (US, USM); Yauli, La Oroya, 30 Nov 1924, F.L. Stevens 1 (US); Oroyo, 23 Oct 1923, A.S. Hitchcock 22135 (US), 21 Feb 1954, Hirsch s,n. (US), Stevens 1 (US); entre Tarma y Oroya, 3400 m, 29 Jun 1948, R. Ferreyra 3828 (MOL, US, USM); ca. 24 km W of Tarma, 4050 m, 6 May 1979, Teppner 79/387 (US). 
<emphasis id="282AABC6838E632EA31182FF60F02514" bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="151">La Libertad</emphasis>
: Prov. Huamachuco, Cangau Sartimbamba, 3200 m, 28 Jan 1952, J. Infantes Vera 4072 (LIL); Prov. Huamachuco, Cangau Sartimbamba, 4000 m, 29 Jan 1952, J. Infantes Vera 4045 (LIL); Prov. Huamachuco, Huailillas, 3800 m, 8 Aug 1951, J. Infantes Vera s.n. (LIL). 
<emphasis id="8F3755AB4BC096F2CB0A9C7D225154B6" bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="151">Lima</emphasis>
: Provincia Huarochiri, Chilca, Bella Vista, 3800 m, 5 Jun 1940, E. Asplund 11436 (NY, US); road from Lima to Huancayo, 3300 m, 20 May 1981, G. Sullivan, K. Young, S. 
<normalizedToken id="AFB4430AE30C4CE3C142B6AAC4C576B4" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
&amp; D. Soejarto 1021 (MO, US). 
<emphasis id="628CE5049F0DF342DA6825C2F3A4928C" bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="151">Pasco</emphasis>
: Pasco, 8 km W of NW arm of Laguna de 
<normalizedToken id="8A158BF83309DF4E48F23F395BA17C7F" originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5B609863ED598F47ABAF540C62F0850C" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="51.9" value="-10.931084">10°55'51.9&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0DFCECDC88E6B5DB21398D134FF8364C" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="8.6" value="-76.30239">76°18'8.6&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 4141 m, 5 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson 20313, R.J. Soreng &amp; K. Romashchenko (US, USM). 
<emphasis id="2AC4B09CF905C67A476DCF937D212954" bold="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="151">Puno</emphasis>
: Chucuito, 3 km NE of Zepita on road towards Copani, 3820 m, 5 Mar 1999, P.M. Peterson 14631, N. Refulio Rodriguez &amp; F. Salvador Perez (US, USM); 20 km E of Huacullani on road towards Desaguadero, 3880 m, 5 Mar 1999, P.M. Peterson 14645, N. Refulio Rodriguez &amp; F. Salvador Perez (US, USM); 5 km S of Kelluyo, 3860 m, 7 Mar 1999, P.M. Peterson 14686, N. Refulio Rodriguez &amp; F. Salvador Perez (US, USM); El Collao, 11 km E of Santa Rosa and 5 km W of Mazo Cruz, 3880 m, 2 Mar 1999, P.M. Peterson 14598, N. Refulio Rodriguez &amp; F. Salvador Perez (US, USM); 9 km N of Conduriri and 63 km S of Ilave along the Rio Huenque, 3820 m, 3 Mar 1999, P.M. Peterson 14600, N. Refulio Rodriguez &amp; F. Salvador Perez (US, USM); Provincia Melgar, 7 km WNW of Santa. Rosa, 
<geoCoordinate id="20C755FBD89945FF7E2B141B74E72B0F" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="54.9" value="-14.598583">14°35'54.9&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="78B33542DBD108ACE8DB9ACB06E447D9" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="34.7" value="-70.859634">70°51'34.7&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 4002 m, 23 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson 20605, R.J. Soreng &amp; K. Romashchenko (US, USM); SW of Juliaca ca. 8 km on Hwy 30 to Arequipa, 
<geoCoordinate id="969105C92978409A7AA926008D3C9125" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="37.2" value="-15.543667">15°32'37.2&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="3D31C7D6E55BF7D31B6138B3D6A993ED" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="55.9" value="-70.21552">70°12'55.9&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 3854 m, 31 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson 20715, R.J. Soreng, K. Romaschenko &amp; S. Gonzalez Elizondo (US, USM); Puno, 2 km N of Laraquerion road towards Puno, 
<geoCoordinate id="2159BC6108A428864CFED969102F5C00" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="59.1" value="-16.116417">16°6'59.1&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C08A5595EA58F606A4BBF6FD8A8ACCF3" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="1" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.1" value="-70.03309">70°1'59.1&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 3940 m, 18 Apr 2004, P.M. Peterson 18327 &amp; N. Refulio Rodriguez (US, USM); San Ro 
<pageBreakToken id="65939221D4A5B317BFE9C2E8EF47FF89" pageId="29" pageNumber="152" start="start">man</pageBreakToken>
, 4 km E of Santa Lucia, 
<geoCoordinate id="BBA2814334F76B05EE7FF1F8FB3272D8" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="4.2" value="-15.6845">15°41'4.2&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5245B243B62671FA378E4F4545F51F9E" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="8.0" value="-70.568886">70°34'8.0&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 4030 m, 19 Apr 2004, P.M. Peterson 18332 &amp; N. Refulio Rodriguez (US, USM); 21 km W of Santa Lucia and 5 km E of Puente 
<normalizedToken id="C895709B3EE20BEB22661B56A1A563C1" originalValue="Cañuma">Canuma</normalizedToken>
(Laguna Lagunillas), 
<geoCoordinate id="DC2C4DCFB570FCC03DA2D96D1C21EA2F" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="4.1" value="-15.667806">15°40'4.1&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5D3461D3BF22906AFF48B538FE436435" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="4.4" value="-70.78455">70°47'4.4&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 4260 m, 20 Apr 2004, P.M. Peterson 18344 &amp; N. Refulio Rodriguez (US, USM); Camjata Hacienda, Capachica Peninsula, Lake Titicaca, Tutin 975 (NY); between Juliaca and Cusco, 3880 m, 27 Nov 1923, A.S. Hitchcock 22448 (US); Hacienda Pairumani, 20 mi SW of Llave, 3900 m, 21 Jul 1946, O.P. Pearson &amp; A. Pearson 14 (US); between Puno and Laguna Umayo, N of Puno, 3970 m, 12 Sep 1959, H.G. Barclay 9265 (US). 
<emphasis id="7071B54297135A7D14FBA7C4AD8DD769" bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="152">Tacna</emphasis>
: Cordillera Volcan Tacora, Ancara, Werderman 1138 (NY, US); Tarata, 11 km NW of Yabroco on road towards Cano, 3680 m, 16 Mar 1999, P.M. Peterson 14814, N. Refulio Rodriguez &amp; F. Salvador Perez (US, USM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>