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<document ID-DOI="10.5252/a2009n2a6" ID-ISSN="1639-4798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4601252" approvalRequired="11" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="7" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1615555786832" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Buerki, Sven, Callmander, Martin W., Lowry Ii, Porter P. &amp; Phillipson, Peter B." docDate="2009" docId="B52A101AFFE38D44D9FFFB0EFBE1BF3B" docLanguage="en" docName="Adansonia.31.2.301-309.pdf" docOrigin="Adansonia (3) 31 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2009n2a6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4B218CE5E725ACA5B76DF48277ED11EE.1:Adansonia.2009-2010.journal_article" docStyleId="4B218CE5E725ACA5B76DF48277ED11EE" docStyleName="Adansonia.2009-2010.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Lepisanthes Blume" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" masterDocId="49136862FFE18D47D90BFFC0FF8FBD61" masterDocTitle="A synoptic revision of the genus Lepisanthes Blume (Sapindaceae) in Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="309" masterPageNumber="301" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" updateTime="1615558476475" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A synoptic revision of the genus Lepisanthes Blume (Sapindaceae) in Madagascar</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Buerki, Sven</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Callmander, Martin W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lowry Ii, Porter P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Phillipson, Peter B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Adansonia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="series">
<mods:title>3</mods:title>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2009-12-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>301</mods:start>
<mods:end>309</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/a2009n2a6</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5252/a2009n2a6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1639-4798</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4601252</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B52A101AFFE38D44D9FFFB0EFBE1BF3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B52A101AFFE38D44D9FFFB0EFBE1BF3B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="2.[244,516,1229,1257]" box="[244,516,1229,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<heading box="[244,516,1229,1257]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" reason="7">
Genus
<taxonomicName authority="Blume" box="[321,516,1229,1257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Lepisanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[321,438,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Lepisanthes</emphasis>
Blume
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[113,647,1287,1570]" box="[136,646,1287,1311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis box="[136,575,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie</emphasis>
5: 237
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="2.[113,647,1287,1570]" box="[113,472,1313,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
(1825). —
<typeStatus box="[223,274,1313,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Type</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName authority="Blume." authorityName="Blume." box="[284,472,1313,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Lepisanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis box="[284,395,1314,1337]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">L. montana</emphasis>
Blume.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[113,647,1287,1570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<taxonomicName authority="Choux, Comptes" authorityName="Choux, Comptes" box="[113,425,1361,1385]" genus="Manongarivea" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[113,252,1361,1384]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Manongarivea</emphasis>
<materialsCitation box="[261,425,1361,1385]" collectingDate="1909-10" collectionCode="TAN" collectorName="de l'Academie &amp; Perrier de la Bathie" country="Madagascar" county="Manongarivo" latitude="-16.266666" location="Seances de l'Academie des Sciences" longLatPrecision="1282" longitude="45.366665" municipality="Memoires de l'Academie" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" specimenCode="P 00624104, K 000426188, P 00624103" specimenCount="1">
Choux,
<emphasis box="[344,425,1361,1384]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Comptes</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
rendus hebdomadaires des
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B52A101AFFE38D44D9FFFB0EFBE1BF3B:385CF7D7FFE38D45D9BBFAABFD8AB8E3" box="[176,517,1387,1411]" country="Madagascar" county="Manongarivo" latitude="-16.266666" longLatPrecision="1282" longitude="45.366665" municipality="Memoires de l'Academie" name="Seances de l'Academie des Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Séances de lAcadémie des Sciences</location>
</emphasis>
(Paris) 182: 713. (1926);
<emphasis box="[268,587,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<collectingMunicipality box="[268,494,1414,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
Mémoires
<collectorName box="[365,494,1414,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">de lAcadémie</collectorName>
</collectingMunicipality>
malgache
</emphasis>
4: 36 (1927). —
<typeStatus box="[244,295,1440,1464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Type</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry box="[304,420,1440,1464]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Prov. Mahajunga,
<collectingCounty pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Manongarivo</collectingCounty>
(Ambongo), [
<geoCoordinate box="[375,455,1467,1491]" degrees="16" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" precision="925" value="-16.266666">16°16S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[466,550,1467,1491]" degrees="45" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" precision="925" value="45.366665">45°22E</geoCoordinate>
],
<date box="[567,643,1467,1491]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" value="1909-10">
<collectingDate box="[567,643,1467,1491]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" value="1909-10">X.1909</collectingDate>
</date>
, fl., y.fr.,
<emphasis box="[221,469,1493,1517]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<collectorName box="[221,409,1493,1517]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Perrier de la Bâthie</collectorName>
1812
</emphasis>
(lecto- [here designated],
<specimenCode box="[236,371,1519,1543]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="Herbarium">P 00624104</specimenCode>
!; isolecto-,
<specimenCode box="[488,639,1519,1543]" collectionCode="K" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="Herbarium">K 000426188</specimenCode>
!,
<specimenCode box="[138,265,1546,1570]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="Herbarium">P 00624103</specimenCode>
!, TAN!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="2.[111,646,1610,1700]" box="[113,213,1610,1636]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[111,646,1610,1700]" lastBlockId="2.[674,1211,216,1700]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
Careful examination of the available material shows that the Malagasy collections of
<taxonomicName box="[464,581,1673,1699]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Lepisanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[464,581,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Lepisanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from the African material (which corresponds to
<emphasis box="[678,862,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Leenhouts" authorityYear="1969" baseAuthorityName="Juss. ex Poir." box="[678,826,247,273]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Lepisanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="senegalensis">L. senegalensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[833,862,248,273]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
) by generally having a glabrous 2-branched inflorescence (vs. a pubescent muchbranched inflorescence in specimens from Africa). The only exception is the material assigned below to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buerki, Callm. &amp; Lowry" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Capuron" box="[707,859,374,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Lepisanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysotricha">
<emphasis box="[707,859,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">L. chrysotricha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which likewise has a pubescent inflorescence, but differs from the African representatives by its golden indument that is also present on the outer part surface the sepals and petals (vs. brown indument on the inflorescence and glabrous sepals and petals in Africa).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[674,1211,216,1700]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
We recognize three well-delimited species of
<taxonomicName box="[679,798,596,622]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Lepisanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[679,798,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Lepisanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry box="[836,966,596,623]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, one of which is new, whereas the two others correspond to the infraspecific taxa recognized by
<bibRefCitation author="CAPURON R." box="[924,1100,659,686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref6684" refString="CAPURON R. 1969. - Revision des Sapindacees de Madagascar et des Comores. Memoires du Museum national Histoire naturelle, ser. B, Botanique 19: 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="1969">Capuron (1969)</bibRefCitation>
, which we raise to the rank of species.
<bibRefCitation author="SCHATZ G. E." box="[969,1120,691,718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" refId="ref6985" refString="SCHATZ G. E. 2001. - Generic Tree Flora of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, 490 p." type="book" year="2001">Schatz (2001)</bibRefCitation>
provide a comprehensive diagnosis of the genus based on material from
<collectingCountry box="[831,960,754,781]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[674,1211,216,1700]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
A collection clearly assignable to
<taxonomicName box="[1038,1153,786,812]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Lepisanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1038,1153,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Lepisanthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Masoala Peninsula in northeastern
<collectingCountry box="[1082,1208,818,845]" name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis box="[685,866,849,875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Labat et al. 3356</emphasis>
, MO, P) does not match any of the species recognized here. It has a long inflorescence (up to
<quantity box="[824,897,913,940]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" unit="cm" value="32.0">32 cm</quantity>
) and leaves with three pairs of leaflets that are discolorous and subcoriaceous. Moreover, this is the only Malagasy specimen of the genus known from humid evergreen forest on the east coast (all others were collected in dry to sub-humid forest on the north and western
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
). While this collection appears to represent a new species, adequate material is not yet available to describe it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[674,1211,216,1700]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
The monotypic genus
<taxonomicName box="[923,1067,1199,1224]" genus="Manongarivea" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[923,1067,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Manongarivea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by
<bibRefCitation author="CHOUX P." box="[705,849,1230,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="713" refId="ref6717" refString="CHOUX P. 1926. - Quelques nouvelles Sapindacees de Madagascar. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences 182: 713" type="journal article" year="1926">Choux (1926</bibRefCitation>
, with a supplementary description appearing in 1927) on the basis of two
<typeStatus box="[1116,1208,1261,1288]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">syntypes</typeStatus>
(
<emphasis box="[685,939,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Perrier de la Bâthie 1744</emphasis>
and
<emphasis box="[989,1044,1293,1319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">1812</emphasis>
). In the present treatment, however, these collections are regarded as belonging to two different species,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buerki, Callm. &amp; Lowry" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Capuron" box="[1062,1209,1356,1382]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Lepisanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysotricha">
<emphasis box="[1062,1209,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">L. chrysotricha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[723,827,1389,1414]" genus="Manongarivea" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" rank="species" species="perrieri">
<emphasis box="[723,827,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">L. perrieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively. By designating
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Perrier de la Bâthie 1744</emphasis>
as the type of his new taxon
<taxonomicName authority=", Capuron (1969)" authorityName="Capuron" authorityYear="1969" genus="Aphania" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" rank="subSpecies" species="senegalensis" subSpecies="chrysotricha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Aphania senegalensis</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis box="[905,1025,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">chrysotricha</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation author="CAPURON R." box="[1037,1210,1451,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref6684" refString="CAPURON R. 1969. - Revision des Sapindacees de Madagascar et des Comores. Memoires du Museum national Histoire naturelle, ser. B, Botanique 19: 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="1969">Capuron (1969)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
implicitly limited the taxon described by Choux to
<emphasis box="[675,931,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Perrier de la Bâthie 1812</emphasis>
, and thereby lectotypified the name, although he did not explicitly indicate his intention to do so. Here we formalize this decision and refine it by designating one of the two sheets of
<emphasis box="[704,965,1641,1668]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
Perrier de la Bâthie
<quantity box="[909,965,1642,1668]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.60248" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" unit="in" value="1812.0">1812</quantity>
</emphasis>
in the Paris herbarium as the
<typeStatus box="[745,846,1673,1700]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="304" type="key">
<paragraph blockId="3.[189,1136,216,602]" box="[364,959,216,242]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
KEY TO THE MALAGASY SPECIES OF
<taxonomicName authority="BLUME" authorityName="BLUME" box="[742,959,216,242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Lepisanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[742,877,216,241]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">LEPISANTHES</emphasis>
BLUME
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<key pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<paragraph blockId="3.[189,1136,216,602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<keyLead pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
1. Inflorescence and outer surface of the sepals and petals golden pubescent; western
<collectingCountry name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(Bemaraha and Causse de Kelifely, W of the Mahavavy River) ... 1.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buerki, Callm. &amp; Lowry" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Capuron" box="[991,1134,297,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Lepisanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysotricha">
<emphasis box="[991,1134,297,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">L. chrysotricha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[189,1136,216,602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<keyLead pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
— Inflorescence and outer surface of the sepals and petals glabrous; northern and northwestern
<collectingCountry box="[274,395,355,379]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
.......................................................................................................... 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<paragraph blockId="3.[189,1136,216,602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<keyLead pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
2. Leaflets 1 or 2 (or rarely 3) pairs, 7-10(-15) cm long; petiole and rachis slender (
<quantity box="[1032,1134,406,430]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1-1.5 mm</quantity>
diameter in dried material), combined length 0.5-2.5(-11) cm; northern
<collectingCountry box="[983,1104,435,459]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(S of Majunga to Montagne dAmbre, Ankarana AP and Daraina region); on limestone and basement rock ........................................................................................... 2.
<taxonomicName box="[1033,1134,493,516]" genus="Manongarivea" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" rank="species" species="perrieri">
<emphasis box="[1033,1134,493,516]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">L. perrieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[189,1136,216,602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
<keyLead pageId="3" pageNumber="304">
— Leaflets (2 or) 3 (or 4) pairs, 12-15(-25) cm long; petiole and rachis stout (
<emphasis box="[1044,1061,522,545]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">c.</emphasis>
<quantity box="[1069,1133,521,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
diameter in dried material), combined length 7-15(-22) cm; northwestern
<collectingCountry box="[1015,1136,550,574]" name="Madagascar" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(Kalabenono and Manongarivo massifs); on sandstone .................... 3.
<taxonomicName box="[970,1134,578,602]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Lepisanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="304" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sambiranensis">
<emphasis box="[970,1134,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="304">L. sambiranensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>