<documentid="F647A6EEFC239A24096FB6266A68411E"ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.365.2.1"ID-ISSN="1179-3163"ID-Zenodo-Dep="13704788"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe"checkinTime="1725583834612"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Martínez-Azorín, Mario, Crespo, Manuel B., Alonso-Vargas, María Ángeles, Dold, Anthony P., Pinter, Michael & Wetschnig, Wolfgang"docDate="2018"docId="3A75CD49FFF9FFF2FF0CFDCEFC34FC91"docLanguage="en"docName="phytotaxa.365.2.1.pdf"docOrigin="Phytotaxa 365 (2)"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.365.2.1"docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article"docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9"docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="13"docTitle="Austronea grandiflora Mart., sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="2"lastPageNumber="114"masterDocId="C64CB531FFF2FFFFFF84FF9EFF9DFFF4"masterDocTitle="Austronea (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new genus from southern Africa, including the description of seven new species"masterLastPageNumber="129"masterPageNumber="101"pageNumber="112"updateTime="1725595744820"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED"zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:titleid="DA51F50891C7D38726C17D348992C053">Austronea (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new genus from southern Africa, including the description of seven new species</mods:title>
<mods:namePartid="E0DED902713D2BD2068244B6424FFE2F">Dold, Anthony P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="900AF4CEBED30EAD24721907E9FE95CA">Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
<figureCitationid="2AE760DAFFF9FFF4FBD4FDCEFB09FD9D"box="[1104,1172,592,617]"captionStart="FIGURE 7"captionStartId="12.[136,229,1957,1978]"captionTargetBox="[202,1386,190,1932]"captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[202,1386,190,1932]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 7. Austronea grandiflora Mart.-Azorín et al. from NW of Sutherland (type locality), Northern Cape Province, South Africa, in leaf in the wild on 4 September 2011 and in flower in cultivation in Alicante (Spain) on 15 March 2014 corresponding to MMA828. A. Inflorescence; B. Flowers, frontal and dorsal views; C. Dissected flower in lateral view; D. Gynoecia, lateral views; E. Withered leaf at flowering time; F. Bulb and leaves, lateral views; G. Dissected bulb with leaf. Scale bars: A, F–G: 1 cm; B–E: 5 mm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13704808"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13704808/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="112">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
<emphasisid="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FE07FDE8FCDFFD5B"italics="true"pageId="11"pageNumber="112">accedens folio unico angustoque, sed hac multo distincta folio parum carnosulo et magis complanato; floribus superne albicantibus vel laeviter roseocoloratis, majoribus, tepalis</emphasis>
<materialsCitationid="02B47602FFF9FFF4FF52FD7CFC02FCCB"collectingDate="2014-04-15"collectionCode="AB, M, A, R, GRA, ABH"country="South Africa"county="Sutherland"elevation="1264"location="Bo-Visrivier"municipality="Sutherland-Calvinia"pageId="11"pageNumber="112"specimenCode="R354"specimenCount="2"stateProvince="Northern Cape"typeStatus="holotype">
<locationDeviationid="A3D1657DFFF9FFF4FD77FD7CFC34FD03"box="[755,937,738,759]"location="Sutherland"pageId="11"pageNumber="112">NW of Sutherland</locationDeviation>
<specimenCodeid="E27AD424FFF9FFF4FB74FD7CFAB9FD03"box="[1264,1316,738,759]"collectionCode="R"country="Chile"name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile"pageId="11"pageNumber="112">R354</specimenCode>
<locationid="B7032A84FFF9FFF4FC1DFC98FBEDFCEF"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A75CD49FFF9FFF2FF0CFDCEFC34FC91:B7032A84FFF9FFF4FC1DFC98FBEDFCEF"box="[921,1136,774,795]"country="South Africa"county="Sutherland"municipality="Sutherland-Calvinia"name="University of Alicante"pageId="11"pageNumber="112"stateProvince="Northern Cape">University of Alicante</location>
<collectionCodeid="D4CDE49AFFF9FFF4FA13FC98FA34FCEF"box="[1431,1449,774,795]"country="USA"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406"name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum"pageId="11"pageNumber="112"type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Martínez-Soler &
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<collectionCodeid="D4CDE49AFFF9FFF4FCDEFCB4FC08FCCB"box="[858,917,810,831]"country="Spain"httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846"name="Universidad de Alicante"pageId="11"pageNumber="112"type="Herbarium">ABH</collectionCode>
, lorate-lanceolate, flattened, slightly contracted at ground level, dull dark green, usually showing a dark purplish ring at base, leathery, smooth, margins smooth or with minute papillae, prostrate to suberect, slightly curved, with a white hypogeal leaf portion connecting to the bulb neck. Inflorescence nodding in bud, raceme
long, membranous, white with a central darker band. Flowers pentacyclic, trimerous, stellate, opening in the afternoon and withering in the evening, up to 5 flowers open at a time, flower buds red. Tepals 6, entire, pinkish white on the adaxial side with a reddish darker longitudinal central band on the abaxial side, glandulous at the apex, biseriate, outer overlapping inner at the base, connate for ca.
, with margins distinctly longitudinally revolute at anthesis which touch together to form a narrow atenuate distal half; inner tepals lanceolate, 7.6–8.4 ×
elevation with scarce vegetation in the Nama Karoo or Succulent Karoo biomes (
<bibRefCitationid="D64D01AEFFF9FFF4FD21F96AFC42F8F9"author="Mucina, L. & Rutherford M. C."box="[677,991,1780,1805]"pageId="11"pageNumber="112"refId="ref21872"refString="Mucina, L. & Rutherford M. C. (Eds.) (2006) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 807 pp."type="book"year="2006">Mucina & Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="2AE760DAFFF9FFF4FB7CF8A2FAA1F8A1"box="[1272,1340,1852,1877]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="10.[136,229,1320,1341]"captionTargetBox="[178,1425,518,1282]"captionTargetId="figure-156@10.[151,1436,497,1294]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="FIGURE 6. Distribution of Austronea species in southern Africa. A. densiflora Mart.-Azorín et al. (red circle), A. grandiflora Mart.- Azorín et al. (blue square), A. hispidoplicata Mart.-Azorín et al. (yellow triangle) and A. papillosa Mart.-Azorín et al. (green diamond)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13704806"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13704806/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="112">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
<emphasisid="80A8A04DFFF9FFF4FF39F8FEFC87F88D"bold="true"box="[189,794,1888,1913]"pageId="11"pageNumber="112">Diagnostic characters and taxonomic relationships</emphasis>
is easily identified by the single, flat, lorate-lanceolate leaf, with smooth, not thickened, margin only minutely papillate when dry; the subcorymbose inflorescence with large flowers; tepals
long, but the latter species showing very different leaves and flowers (
<bibRefCitationid="D64D01AEFFF9FFF4FD3FF78AFC74F7D9"author="Snijman, D. A. & Harrower, A. D."box="[699,1001,2068,2093]"pageId="11"pageNumber="112"pagination="233 - 237"refId="ref22335"refString="Snijman, D. A. & Harrower, A. D. (2009) A new species of Drimia (Urgineoideae) from the Knersvlakte, Western Cape, South Africa. Bothalia 39: 233 - 237."type="journal article"year="2009">Snijman & Harrower 2009</bibRefCitation>
, ABH59723!) show more succulent and less flattened leaves, and much smaller flowers, as said before. The original concept of
<taxonomicNameid="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FD2BFF76FB6EFEF5"authority="sensu Manning & Goldblatt (2007)"authorityName="sensu Manning & Goldblatt"authorityYear="2007"box="[687,1267,232,257]"class="Liliopsida"family="Asparagaceae"genus="Drimia"kingdom="Plantae"order="Asparagales"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="vermiformis">
<bibRefCitationid="D64D01AEFFFFFFF2FC2CFF76FB6EFEF5"author="Manning, J. C. & Goldblatt, P."box="[936,1267,232,257]"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"pagination="183 - 187"refId="ref21151"refString="Manning, J. C. & Goldblatt, P. (2007) New species of Drimia (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) allied to Drimia marginata from Western and Northern Cape, South Africa. Bothalia 37: 183 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / abc. v 37 i 1.313"type="journal article"year="2007">Manning & Goldblatt (2007)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was very broad and included several populations with narrow elongated leaves and variable width, occurring from the Bushmanland in the
to the Roggeveld and Nuweberg escarpments, extending to the Doring River and lower Olifants River valleys and as far east as the Little Karoo. Our study shows that this broad concept should be separated into two further species, one
(see below) for populations from the Bushmanland to the Little Karoo, therefore restricting
<taxonomicNameid="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FB95FE02FB25FE41"authorityName="sensu Manning & Goldblatt"authorityYear="2007"box="[1041,1208,412,437]"class="Liliopsida"family="Asparagaceae"genus="Drimia"kingdom="Plantae"order="Asparagales"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="vermiformis">
clearly differs by the shorter and wider leaf, with margins thickened and densely and minutely retrorsely scabridulous, and the pale brown small flowers with tepals only ca.
<bibRefCitationid="D64D01AEFFFFFFF2FB96FD96FAD6FDD5"author="Manning, J. C. & Goldblatt, P."box="[1042,1355,520,545]"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"pagination="183 - 187"refId="ref21151"refString="Manning, J. C. & Goldblatt, P. (2007) New species of Drimia (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) allied to Drimia marginata from Western and Northern Cape, South Africa. Bothalia 37: 183 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / abc. v 37 i 1.313"type="journal article"year="2007">Manning & Goldblatt 2007</bibRefCitation>
) differs by the more numerous (up to 4), usually longer and wider leaves with thickened, papillate or colliculate margins and the small flowers as in
<taxonomicNameid="75DC07DCFFFFFFF2FB04FDCEFEA3FD79"authority="(Manning & Goldblatt 2007)"baseAuthorityName="Manning & Goldblatt"baseAuthorityYear="2007"class="Liliopsida"family="Asparagaceae"genus="Austronea"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Plantae"order="Asparagales"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="marginata">
<bibRefCitationid="D64D01AEFFFFFFF2FAA2FDCEFEABFD79"author="Manning, J. C. & Goldblatt, P."pageId="13"pageNumber="114"pagination="183 - 187"refId="ref21151"refString="Manning, J. C. & Goldblatt, P. (2007) New species of Drimia (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) allied to Drimia marginata from Western and Northern Cape, South Africa. Bothalia 37: 183 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / abc. v 37 i 1.313"type="journal article"year="2007">Manning & Goldblatt 2007</bibRefCitation>
from NW of Sutherland (type locality), Northern Cape Province, South Africa, in leaf in the wild on 4 September 2011 and in flower in cultivation in Alicante (Spain) on 15 March 2014 corresponding to
<materialsCitationid="02B47602FFFFFFF2FF39FD06FD90FD0D"collectingDate="1970-12-08"collectingDateMax="1971-07-22"collectingDateMin="1970-12-08"collectionCode="E, AC, M, PRE"country="South Africa"county="Calvinia"location="Thomas"municipality="Calvinia on Brandvlei-Williston"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"specimenCode="NBG118025"specimenCount="2"stateProvince="Northern Cape">
<collectingMunicipalityid="5207E625FFFFFFF2FF0CFD22FE6AFD21"box="[136,503,700,725]"pageId="13"pageNumber="114">Calvinia on Brandvlei-Williston</collectingMunicipality>
road (-
<collectionCodeid="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FDC9FD22FDE4FD21"box="[589,633,700,725]"country="USA"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582"name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"type="University or college">AC</collectionCode>
<collectingDateid="D626A377FFFFFFF2FCE2FD22FBABFD21"box="[870,1078,700,725]"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"value="1970-12-08">8 December 1970</collectingDate>
<collectingDateid="D626A377FFFFFFF2FB60FD22FAE3FD21"box="[1252,1406,700,725]"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"value="1971-07-22">22 July 1971</collectingDate>
<locationid="B7032A84FFFFFFF2FF0CFD7EFF7CFD0D"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A75CD49FFF9FFF2FF0CFDCEFC34FC91:B7032A84FFFFFFF2FF0CFD7EFF7CFD0D"box="[136,225,736,761]"country="South Africa"county="Calvinia"municipality="Calvinia on Brandvlei-Williston"name="Thomas"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"stateProvince="Northern Cape">Thomas</location>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
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!,
<collectionCodeid="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FE47FD7EFD9DFD0D"box="[451,512,736,761]"country="South Africa"httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15547"name="South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI)"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"type="Herbarium">PRE</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitationid="02B47602FFFFFFF2FD9CFD7EFDC6FCB5"collectingDate="2011-09-04"collectionCode="AB, M, A, R"country="South Africa"county="Sutherland"elevation="1264"location="Bo-Visrivier"municipality="Sutherland-Calvinia"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"specimenCode="R354, ABH59543"specimenCount="1"stateProvince="Northern Cape">
<locationDeviationid="A3D1657DFFFFFFF2FD75FD7EFC5DFD0D"box="[753,960,736,761]"location="Sutherland"pageId="13"pageNumber="114">NW of Sutherland</locationDeviation>
<specimenCodeid="E27AD424FFFFFFF2FAABFD7EFAF1FD0D"box="[1327,1388,736,761]"collectionCode="R"country="Chile"name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile"pageId="13"pageNumber="114">R354</specimenCode>
<collectingDateid="D626A377FFFFFFF2FD36FC9AFCE2FCE9"box="[690,895,772,797]"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"value="2011-09-04">4 September 2011</collectingDate>
<collectionCodeid="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FB65FC9AFB68FCE9"box="[1249,1269,772,797]"country="USA"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406"name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Martínez-Soler &
<collectionCodeid="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FF21FCB6FF24FCB5"box="[165,185,808,833]"country="Chile"name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile"pageId="13"pageNumber="114">R</collectionCode>
. McKenzie MMA828a
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCodeid="E27AD424FFFFFFF2FE47FCB6FDD2FCB5"box="[451,591,808,833]"collectionCode="ABH"country="Spain"httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846"name="Universidad de Alicante"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"type="Herbarium">ABH59543</specimenCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitationid="02B47602FFFFFFF2FDE3FCB6FC38FC91"collectingDate="2015-11-05"collectionCode="N, BA, M, ABH"country="South Africa"elevation="1486"location="Sutherland"municipality="Sutherland"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"specimenCode="R354"specimenCount="1"stateProvince="Northern Cape">
<specimenCodeid="E27AD424FFFFFFF2FBF1FCB6FB28FCB5"box="[1141,1205,808,833]"collectionCode="R"country="Chile"name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile"pageId="13"pageNumber="114">R354</specimenCode>
, roadside (-
<collectionCodeid="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FAB3FCB6FAFEFCB5"box="[1335,1379,808,833]"country="Argentina"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15002"name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"type="Herbarium">BA</collectionCode>
<collectionCodeid="D4CDE49AFFFFFFF2FCD7FCD2FC05FC91"box="[851,920,844,869]"country="Spain"httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14846"name="Universidad de Alicante"pageId="13"pageNumber="114"type="Herbarium">ABH</collectionCode>
