treatments-xml/data/03/BF/87/03BF87BF26015D4C61C4BDA7FBB542E1.xml

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<mods:title id="B8829FA2650C78BAAB22610E7D1DE0DC">New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ED4C997277004366BC3EE1036B159C10">Yiu, Sam King Fung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F5419DD4DA02A273C18D8A58C64C2A8A">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AD337FFC4766CBE530C6110092FE9CD5">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3BB83A2CB669A1804E084BCDCF2D71DE">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339 &amp; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. brisinga @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0178 - 8237 &amp; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926015D4D61C4BDA7FDF143E8" blockId="14.[151,592,993,1055]" box="[151,592,993,1020]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0E181C526015D4D61C4BDA7FDF143E8" bold="true" box="[151,592,993,1020]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26015D4D61C4BDA7FDF143E8" ID-CoL="38LCS" authority="(Pallas 1774)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[151,592,993,1020]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Echinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calamaris">
<emphasis id="B962EABB26015D4D61C4BDA7FDF143E8" bold="true" box="[151,592,993,1020]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B962EABB26015D4D61C4BDA7FE0943EF" bold="true" box="[151,424,993,1020]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Echinothrix calamaris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826015D4D60E4BDA7FDE943E8" author="Pallas, P. S." box="[439,584,993,1019]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref42150" refString="Pallas, P. S. (1774) Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur cura P. S. Pallas. [Book series, 14 volumes]. Fasciculus, 10, 1 - 41, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1774">Pallas 1774</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C652226015D4D61C4BA43FEE7440C" box="[151,326,1029,1055]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA936A926015D4D61C4BA43FEE7440C" blockId="14.[151,592,993,1055]" box="[151,326,1029,1055]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26015D4D61C4BA43FEE7440C" box="[151,326,1029,1055]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[213,1375,1079,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-232@14.[213,1375,1079,1950]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Echinothrix calamaris. Color morphotypes. A. Black and white spine form. B. White spine form. C. Banded spine form. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021538/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 6A–C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF69662126015D4D61C4B9F0FD9C47E1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14021538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021538/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,250,1974,1998]" targetBox="[213,1375,1079,1950]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA936A926015D4D61C4B9F0FD9C47E1" blockId="14.[151,1436,1974,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B962EABB26015D4D61C4B9F0FDA247DD" bold="true" box="[151,515,1974,1998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
FIGURE 6. 
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26015D4D604BB9F0FDA247DD" bold="true" box="[280,515,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Echinothrix calamaris</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
. Color morphotypes. 
<emphasis id="B962EABB26015D4D638DB9F0FD5647DD" bold="true" box="[734,759,1974,1998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A.</emphasis>
Black and white spine form. 
<emphasis id="B962EABB26015D4D654EB9F1FB9547DC" bold="true" box="[1053,1076,1975,1999]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B.</emphasis>
White spine form. 
<emphasis id="B962EABB26015D4D65A5B9F0FAAF47DC" bold="true" box="[1270,1294,1974,1999]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C.</emphasis>
Banded spine form. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30C652226005D4C61C4BED1FBB542E1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA936A926005D4C61C4BED1FEBF40A2" blockId="15.[151,286,151,177]" box="[151,286,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B962EABB26005D4C61C4BED1FEBF40A2" bold="true" box="[151,286,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA936A926005D4C61C4BE99FD874152" blockId="15.[151,1436,223,502]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Three color morphotypes are shown in 
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26005D4C6301BE99FD1340EA" box="[594,690,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[213,1375,1079,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-232@14.[213,1375,1079,1950]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Echinothrix calamaris. Color morphotypes. A. Black and white spine form. B. White spine form. C. Banded spine form. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021538/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 6</figureCitation>
, including the black (
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26005D4C62F5BE99FBA140EA" box="[934,1024,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[213,1375,1079,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-232@14.[213,1375,1079,1950]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Echinothrix calamaris. Color morphotypes. A. Black and white spine form. B. White spine form. C. Banded spine form. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021538/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), white-spined (
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26005D4C65E6BE99FAAA40EA" box="[1205,1291,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[213,1375,1079,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-232@14.[213,1375,1079,1950]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Echinothrix calamaris. Color morphotypes. A. Black and white spine form. B. White spine form. C. Banded spine form. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021538/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
) and banded forms (
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26005D4C61B4BF45FE9F410E" box="[231,318,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[213,1375,1079,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-232@14.[213,1375,1079,1950]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Echinothrix calamaris. Color morphotypes. A. Black and white spine form. B. White spine form. C. Banded spine form. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021538/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). The black and white-spined forms were more common than the banded forms. Debris was observed on the black-spined form (
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26005D4C60ECBF61FDB84152" box="[447,537,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1974,1998]" captionTargetBox="[213,1375,1079,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-232@14.[213,1375,1079,1950]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Echinothrix calamaris. Color morphotypes. A. Black and white spine form. B. White spine form. C. Banded spine form. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021538/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA936A926005D4C6194BF0DFE1741BD" blockId="15.[151,1436,223,502]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26005D4C6194BF0DFE604176" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[199,449,331,357]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Echinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calamaris">
<emphasis id="B962EABB26005D4C6194BF0DFE604176" box="[199,449,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Echinothrix calamaris</emphasis>
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was identified by the presence of an adapical median zone in each interambulacra, which was naked and usually green, and a periproctal membrane and large anal tube possessed of many small, but very conspicuous, white spots.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA936A926005D4C6194BFF1FDA141E6" blockId="15.[151,1436,223,502]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Specimens were observed at Bluff Island, Trio Island and Shek Ngau Chau Island on rocky and coralline substrates in 
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depths.
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26005D4C61C4BC01FE6B4272" bold="true" box="[151,458,583,609]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Occurrence/Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926005D4C61C4BCD6FEBC42B9" box="[151,285,656,682]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
, 
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depths.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA936A926005D4C6194BCF5FBB542E1" blockId="15.[151,1436,655,754]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Outside 
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, distributed throughout tropical Indo-West Pacific, but absent from the Arabian Gulf, 
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, W. 
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and 
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, 
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(following A.M. Clark &amp; 
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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