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<document id="75FF19E6FF58DC5A75A7E4EC8C4B2552" ID-CLB-Dataset="26061" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4652.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72dd17e4-7c47-41d2-b49b-971d6b63ba7f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3363653" ID-ZooBank="04D7DC4C-5EBC-4C5A-9E68-7795E8E60ECA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1565270468486" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Halász, Anna, Mcfadden, Catherine S., Toonen, Robert &amp; Benayahu, Yehuda" docDate="2019" docId="967E5C11AC2A9004FF5AFD5216F2F942" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4652.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4652 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xenia flexibilis Halász &amp; Mcfadden &amp; Toonen &amp; Benayahu 2019, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="205" masterDocId="6A472469AC2E9000FFCDFFF8171FFF97" masterDocTitle="Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="239" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="205" updateTime="1698749242854" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="1F85F79DA9AE0E21FD97313A376005F8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="C4800ED0A64DF319A0B08EB4350CA3FA">Re-description of type material of Xenia Lamarck, 1816 (Octocorallia: Xeniidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C0BDCB054A78733D38D3FF53C7196F18" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F4D9F39A5741369FF8854B78DF8B1FB9">Halász, Anna</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="43D4E513335F145A618CF51CF7C27475">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2ABC54B4B140E41F2212918C37A87EC4">Mcfadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="ED2FA0BF8135DDCA4E778970AED7BDB4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="49A1F0B252B6248971CA6DBD2C6E8493">
<mods:roleTerm id="CA3BD19C5E7836E1D92A12C0C9CFF65F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F6F1A3D9740A28CE41CCB9F8BF698CBB">Toonen, Robert</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3F5A80979F97C5283EF3CF229FE98AEB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3C1682FE7C2D8367DB6BCF54AAE8BA20">
<mods:roleTerm id="48E548F7AA43013D2F351D6D3F5E729E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C1C22FF56D5779933F57FB3C75582372">Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5EA24A4D26D884D4831D9B1C8DD240BA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="42AC49F13FC748ADD73441EF36A4BECE" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="5507A59B15B31F9B7C5FBDAF97E906BD">
<mods:title id="629A0DBCAAF9AAE8FCC50905BF4E9EED">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5950DEC92D803408780AD097452398D3">
<mods:date id="A6C69EA7E2483C65E3AFB300F63B330C">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6570BB5AA77F1D08427880A5E4D90562" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8C98B13D0A0DA1BDB2CB74D982377A66">2019-08-08</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C8D0775EDEB39D9379475DFB497E50C1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FBAC90C26A2E90DFDA0CEE9114245C5F">4652</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9032B86EA3211D5CF1FE4FCFE6E6964B">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F1C566C393601A48C90D8D3F4BD5A746">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="39DAE5F07DC25EABE331B6C5A074CC2C" type="CLB-Dataset">26061</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="740A7F9669DC380BA9A9FC71D8CF45C8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4652.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="96CD2D9A11082D14B3DF7B668847A176" type="GBIF-Dataset">72dd17e4-7c47-41d2-b49b-971d6b63ba7f</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="553951BEA2BA4E208FFAA673E3F64E37" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="967E5C11AC2A9004FF5AFD5216F2F942" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5944952" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159044033" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5944952" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967E5C11AC2A9004FF5AFD5216F2F942" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/967E5C11AC2A9004FF5AFD5216F2F942" lastPageNumber="205" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<subSubSection id="56CDBE8CAC2A9004FF5AFD521688FD53" box="[151,407,682,708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC2A9004FF5AFD521688FD53" blockId="4.[151,407,682,741]" box="[151,407,682,708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<heading id="45205A6BAC2A9004FF5AFD521688FD53" bold="true" box="[151,407,682,708]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" reason="1">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FF5AFD521688FD53" bold="true" box="[151,407,682,708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC2A9004FF5AFD521651FD53" authority="Halász &amp; Mcfadden &amp; Toonen &amp; Benayahu, 2019" authorityName="Halász &amp; Mcfadden &amp; Toonen &amp; Benayahu" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,334,682,708]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexibilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FF5AFD521651FD53" bold="true" box="[151,334,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Xenia flexibilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37908C6EAC2A9004FE98FD521688FD53" box="[341,407,682,708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56CDBE8CAC2A9004FF5AFD3417C6FD72" box="[151,217,716,741]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="description">
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC2A9004FF5AFD3417C6FD72" blockId="4.[151,407,682,741]" box="[151,217,716,741]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC2A9004FF5AFD3417C6FD72" box="[151,217,716,741]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[309,1277,193,1323]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia flexibilis n. sp. holotype (ZMB 6105). a. Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; b. Fractured sclerite revealing matrix of calcite rods, more or less radially arranged, at peripheral region; c. Overview of group of sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363655/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="56CDBE8CAC2A9004FF5AFCEC16F2F942" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC2A9004FF5AFCEC1377FCBB" blockId="4.[151,1437,788,1749]" box="[151,1128,788,813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FF5AFCEC1619FCBA" bold="true" box="[151,262,788,813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="AEBFE75AAC2A9004FEC1FCED1377FCBB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2313475045" box="[268,1128,788,813]" collectionCode="ZMB" collectorName="A. Roxas" country="Philippines" location="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" specimenCode="ZMB 6105" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC2A9004FEC1FCED1659FCBA" box="[268,326,789,813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Type</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="4E71457CAC2A9004FE9EFCED16CDFCBA" box="[339,466,788,813]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="Museum">ZMB 6105</specimenCode>
, Puerto Galera, Mindoro,
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC2A9004FD3BFCEC1468FCBA" box="[758,887,788,813]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, 1931, coll.
<collectorName id="B32288D1AC2A9004FBCDFCED1377FCBB" box="[1024,1128,789,813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">A. Roxas</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC2A9004FF0AFCC01499FC76" blockId="4.[151,1437,788,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FF0AFCC01646FCC6" bold="true" box="[199,345,824,849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Description.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC2A9004FE5EFCC016EAFCC6" box="[403,501,824,849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC2A9004FDDAFCC11578FCC7" box="[535,615,825,849]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
high; its stalk is
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC2A9004FCE4FCC114BCFCC7" box="[809,931,825,849]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC2A9004FC26FCC1137AFCC7" box="[1003,1125,825,849]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="23.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="22.0">22–24 mm</quantity>
wide throughout its length. The base of the stalk has a shallow longitudinal furrow at about the median region on both sides. The polyp body is up to
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC2A9004FF11FC791631FC0F" box="[220,302,897,921]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
long, and the tentacles are up to
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC2A9004FD79FC78140BFC0F" box="[692,788,896,921]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
long, featuring four rows of pinnules on each side. The pinnules are relatively short and slender, up to
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC2A9004FD6AFC5C1414FC2B" box="[679,779,932,957]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.50 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC2A9004FCB6FC5C14C0FC2B" box="[891,991,932,957]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
wide,
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC2A9004FBE1FC5D1390FC2A" box="[1068,1167,932,957]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" metricValueMax="8.128" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="in" value="23.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="14.0">14–32 in</quantity>
the outermost row with no gap or up to one pinnule-wide space between adjacent pinnules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC2A9004FF0AFC141202FBE6" blockId="4.[151,1437,788,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
Sclerites are ellipsoid platelets,
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<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC2A9004FDB6FC1515D8FB92" box="[635,711,1005,1029]" degrees="0.017" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="55" value="-0.017">–0.017</geoCoordinate>
X
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC2A9004FD3EFC1414A9FB93" box="[755,950,1004,1029]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="0.018" valueMax="0.021" valueMin="0.015">
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC2A9004FD3EFC14142DFB92" box="[755,818,1004,1029]" degrees="0.015" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="55" value="0.015">0.015</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="7BE38BC0AC2A9004FCFFFC141460FB92" box="[818,895,1004,1029]" degrees="0.021" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" precision="55" value="-0.021">–0.021</geoCoordinate>
mm
</quantity>
in diameter (
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC2A9004FB94FC1413DDFB92" box="[1113,1218,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[309,1277,193,1323]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia flexibilis n. sp. holotype (ZMB 6105). a. Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; b. Fractured sclerite revealing matrix of calcite rods, more or less radially arranged, at peripheral region; c. Overview of group of sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363655/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig.1a, n</figureCitation>
=24), composed of calcite rods radially arranged at least at the sclerite periphery, thus providing a granular appearance to their fractured surface (
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC2A9004FEA0FBCC16C8FBDA" box="[365,471,1076,1101]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[309,1277,193,1323]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia flexibilis n. sp. holotype (ZMB 6105). a. Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; b. Fractured sclerite revealing matrix of calcite rods, more or less radially arranged, at peripheral region; c. Overview of group of sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363655/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig.1a, b</figureCitation>
). Under SEM the sclerites often appear in aggregates and the individual ones are cemented together in different orientations (
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC2A9004FD4FFBA015D3FBE6" box="[642,716,1112,1137]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[309,1277,193,1323]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia flexibilis n. sp. holotype (ZMB 6105). a. Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; b. Fractured sclerite revealing matrix of calcite rods, more or less radially arranged, at peripheral region; c. Overview of group of sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363655/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig 1c</figureCitation>
). The ethanol-preserved
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC2A9004FC29FBA1130BFBE6" box="[996,1044,1113,1137]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">type</typeStatus>
is white-beige in color.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC2A9004FF0AFB841320FB03" blockId="4.[151,1437,788,1749]" box="[199,1087,1148,1173]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FF0AFB841651FB02" bold="true" box="[199,334,1148,1173]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Etymology.</emphasis>
It was decided to retain the species name as it appears at the
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC2A9004FC36FB851324FB03" box="[1019,1083,1149,1172]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC2A9004FF0AFB58159FFA06" blockId="4.[151,1437,788,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FF0AFB581624FB2E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1184,1209]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Remarks.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="78C675C2AC2A9004FE8BFB59169CFB2F" box="[326,387,1185,1208]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
6105 was found labelled as
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC2A9004FD16FB5A1387FB2E" authority="Tixier-Durivault, 1971" authorityName="Tixier-Durivault" authorityYear="1971" box="[731,1176,1184,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexibilis">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FD16FB5A1498FB2E" box="[731,903,1184,1209]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Xenia flexibilis</emphasis>
Tixier-Durivault, 1971
</taxonomicName>
. A thorough literature survey indicated that it has not previously been referred to elsewhere (http://www.marinespecies.org/ aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=204396). The current study carefully examined the
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC2A9004FBDAFB111358FA96" box="[1047,1095,1257,1281]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">type</typeStatus>
and concluded that it is a new
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC2A9004FF5AFAF617C6FAB2" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,217,1294,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FF5AFAF617C6FAB2" box="[151,217,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Xenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. The variation in the number of pinnules in the outermost row in the
<typeStatus id="C16C53A5AC2A9004FBF7FAF51375FAB2" box="[1082,1130,1293,1317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">type</typeStatus>
is quite remarkable, 14–32 pinnules, greater than has been recorded in any other
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC2A9004FCCBFACA1457FADE" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[774,840,1330,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FCCBFACA1457FADE" box="[774,840,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Xenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. The variation in the number of pinnules is usually smaller, e.g.
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC2A9004FEB3FAAC16FEFAFA" box="[382,481,1364,1389]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.493" metricValueMax="8.382" metricValueMin="6.604" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="in" value="29.5" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="26.0">26–33 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC2A9004FE2AFAAE1405FAFA" authority="May, 1899" authorityName="May" authorityYear="1899" box="[487,794,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sansibariana">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FE2AFAAE1586FAFA" box="[487,665,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">X. sansibariana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC2A9004FD6DFAAD1405FAFA" author="May, W." box="[672,794,1365,1389]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref26131" refString="May, W. (1899) Beitrage zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen. Jenaische Zeitsch. Naturwiss, 33 (Neue Folge 26), 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1899">May, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 15–
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC2A9004FC82FAAC1497FAFA" box="[847,904,1364,1389]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="in" value="23.0">23 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC2A9004FC42FAAE13A4FAFA" authority="Schenk, 1896" authorityName="Schenk" authorityYear="1896" box="[911,1211,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ternatana">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FC42FAAE1304FAFA" box="[911,1051,1366,1389]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">X. ternatana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC2A9004FBEFFAAC13A4FAFA" author="Schenk, A." box="[1058,1211,1364,1389]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" pagination="40 - 80" refId="ref26994" refString="Schenk, A. (1896) Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 40 - 80." type="journal article" year="1896">Schenk, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
or as high as
<quantity id="D92F40E2AC2A9004FA9BFAAC17B2FA06" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.461" metricValueMax="6.858" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" unit="in" value="21.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="16.0">16–27 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC2A9004FF79FA8216ECFA06" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[180,499,1400,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbellata">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FF79FA82165CFA06" box="[180,323,1400,1425]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">X. umbellata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC2A9004FE87FA8016ECFA06" author="Lamarck, M. C." box="[330,499,1400,1425]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" pagination="388 - 421" refId="ref25933" refString="Lamarck, M. C. (1816) Les Caracteres Generaux et Particuliers de ces Animaux, leur Distribution, leur Classes, leurs Familles, leurs Genres, et la Citation des Principales Especes qui s'y Rapportent. &quot; Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, 2, 388 - 421." type="journal article" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see ahead).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC2A9004FF0AFA64135CF927" blockId="4.[151,1437,788,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FF0AFA64155BFA22" bold="true" box="[199,580,1436,1461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Similar species and conclusion.</emphasis>
Similar to
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC2A9004FD01FA661451FA22" authority="Halász &amp; Mcfadden &amp; Toonen &amp; Benayahu, 2019" authorityName="Halász &amp; Mcfadden &amp; Toonen &amp; Benayahu" authorityYear="2019" box="[716,846,1436,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexibilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FD01FA661451FA22" box="[716,846,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">X. flexibilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37908C6EAC2A9004FC94FA641484FA22" box="[857,923,1436,1461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" rank="species">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FC94FA641484FA22" bold="true" box="[857,923,1436,1461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, both
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC2A9004FC24FA661259FA22" authority="Verseveldt, 1974" authorityName="Verseveldt" authorityYear="1974" box="[1001,1350,1436,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FC24FA661363FA22" box="[1001,1148,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">X. grasshoffi</emphasis>
Verseveldt, 1974
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC2A9004FA49FA66166AFA4E" authority="May, 1899" authorityName=", May" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bauiana">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FA49FA6617ECFA4E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">X. bauiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A4690F6AC2A9004FF31FA39166AFA4E" author="May, W." box="[252,373,1473,1497]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref26131" refString="May, W. (1899) Beitrage zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen. Jenaische Zeitsch. Naturwiss, 33 (Neue Folge 26), 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1899">May, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
feature four rows of pinnules, and partly overlap in the number of pinnules in the outermost row, with
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC2A9004FECAFA1E1698FA6A" authority="Halász &amp; Mcfadden &amp; Toonen &amp; Benayahu, 2019" authorityName="Halász &amp; Mcfadden &amp; Toonen &amp; Benayahu" authorityYear="2019" box="[263,391,1508,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexibilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FECAFA1E1698FA6A" box="[263,391,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">X. flexibilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37908C6EAC2A9004FE43FA1C16D2FA6A" box="[398,461,1508,1533]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" rank="species">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FE43FA1C16D2FA6A" bold="true" box="[398,461,1508,1533]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
featuring the largest range (15–24, 26–30 and 14–32, respectively). These species also share the same sclerite microstructures (
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC2A9004FD92F9F015B2F9B6" box="[607,685,1544,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[309,1277,193,1323]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[309,1277,193,1323]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia flexibilis n. sp. holotype (ZMB 6105). a. Ellipsoid platelets, some fractured; b. Fractured sclerite revealing matrix of calcite rods, more or less radially arranged, at peripheral region; c. Overview of group of sclerites. Scale bar 0.010 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363655/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC2A9004FD70F9F115D4F9B6" box="[701,715,1545,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1171,1193]" captionTargetBox="[310,1277,517,1149]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[310,1277,517,1149]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia bauiana May, 1899 syntype (ZMB 3673). a. Ellipsoid platelets, mostly fractured; b. Fractured sclerite composed of dendritic rods, more or less radially arranged in the peripheral region; Scale bar at a 0.010 mm, at b 0.005 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363657/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">2</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC2A9004FCC9F9F1140CF9B6" box="[772,787,1545,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[308,1279,193,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[308,1279,193,1497]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia grasshoffi Verseveldt, 1974 holotype (SMF 2616). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Sclerites with surface crest; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods radially arranged, at least in peripheral region; d. Overview of variety of sclerites. Scale bar at a, b and c 0.010 mm, at d 0.020 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363669/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">8</figureCitation>
, respectively), although
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC2A9004FBE6F9F213A3F9B6" authorityName="Verseveldt" authorityYear="1974" box="[1067,1212,1544,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FBE6F9F213A3F9B6" box="[1067,1212,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">X. grasshoffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses crests on the sclerite surface (
<figureCitation id="86ECF182AC2A9004FE4DF9D416C9F9D2" box="[384,470,1580,1605]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[308,1279,193,1497]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[308,1279,193,1497]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites of Xenia grasshoffi Verseveldt, 1974 holotype (SMF 2616). a. Ellipsoid platelets, fractured; b. Sclerites with surface crest; c. Fractured sclerites composed of a latticework matrix of dendritic calcite rods radially arranged, at least in peripheral region; d. Overview of variety of sclerites. Scale bar at a, b and c 0.010 mm, at d 0.020 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3363669/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Fig. 8b</figureCitation>
), absent in the other two species. It is suggested that the presence of a crest on the sclerite surface might be diagnostic and important for xeniid species identification. Moreover, the range of variation in number of pinnules in the outermost row in
<taxonomicName id="D9D79684AC2A9004FCD5F98E1486F91A" authority="Halász &amp; Mcfadden &amp; Toonen &amp; Benayahu, 2019" authorityName="Halász &amp; Mcfadden &amp; Toonen &amp; Benayahu" authorityYear="2019" box="[792,921,1652,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexibilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FCD5F98E1486F91A" box="[792,921,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">X. flexibilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="37908C6EAC2A9004FC6FF98C14FDF91A" box="[930,994,1652,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205" rank="species">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FC6FF98C14FDF91A" bold="true" box="[930,994,1652,1677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is larger than in the other two species, and therefore it is concluded that the three species should be considered as separate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E68ED07AC2A9004FF0AF94416F2F942" blockId="4.[151,1437,788,1749]" box="[199,493,1724,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="2CA33115AC2A9004FF0AF944167FF942" bold="true" box="[199,352,1724,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="66C0AD97AC2A9004FEAAF94416F6F942" box="[359,489,1724,1749]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="205">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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