<documentID-CLB-Dataset="55512"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077"ID-GBIF-Dataset="b700a4f5-fb01-41b7-96c1-72fff2f7466c"ID-PMC="PMC9848812"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1100-191"ID-Pensoft-UUID="5F61A4F05B955772B9FF5153C070C9A4"ID-PubMed="36760395"ID-ZooBank="4F5DA6D88BBD455E88EAEB3E89195950"ModsDocID="1313-2970-1100-191"checkinTime="1652785882034"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Lee, Geon Hyeok & Min, Gi-Sik"docDate="2022"docId="FC8BB2596E205499BE6508815F39BD41"docLanguage="en"docName="ZooKeys 1100: 191-205"docOrigin="ZooKeys 1100"docPubDate="2022-05-16"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077"docTitle="Rhynchospio aciliata Lee & Min 2022, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docUuid="1F611CE8-58B5-48B3-9462-DF48AEE0FF0A"docUuidSource="ZooBank"docVersion="6"id="5F61A4F05B955772B9FF5153C070C9A4"lastPageNumber="191"masterDocId="5F61A4F05B955772B9FF5153C070C9A4"masterDocTitle="Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., a new spionid species (Annelida, Spionidae) from the Korea Strait"masterLastPageNumber="205"masterPageNumber="191"pageNumber="191"updateTime="1732867159753"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="129394BC0AAE718AECEB6FD8120492F5">Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., a new spionid species (Annelida, Spionidae) from the Korea Strait</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="A1B742C3FEE37A74F605602DE56CA9D4">Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="07E0DCBE59A7CF680EBAA99140D428EA">Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="ADCD0D0DB7BEF0713DE3A447F066BA17"ID-CoL="992J9"LSID="http://zoobank.org/1F611CE8-58B5-48B3-9462-DF48AEE0FF0A"authority="Lee & Min, 2022"authorityName="Lee & Min"authorityYear="2022"class="Polychaeta"family="Spionidae"genus="Rhynchospio"higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Rhynchospio aciliata"order="Spionida"pageId="0"pageNumber="191"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="aciliata"status="sp. nov.">Rhynchospio aciliata</taxonomicName>
<figureCitationid="FF5CA601EB4E5143ECFA8B2A33A1DB8B"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A, G holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) B-F, H, I paratype (NIBRIV 0000893854) A anterior end, dorsal view B-F parapodium from chaetiger 5, 19, 23, 35, 49, all anterior views G posterior end, left four dorsal cirri removed, lateral view H ventral sabre chaeta of chaetiger 31 I neuropodial hooded hook of chaetiger 31. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-F); 0.1 mm (G); 20 μm (H, I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684582"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="82501F7B8FF6E1D43EECA8074B769CFB"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893853) F holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) A, B live specimen in seawater, dorsal view (A) and lateral view of anterior end (B) C neuropodial chaetae in chaetiger 35, anterior-row chaeta with heavy granulations (a) and posterior-row chaeta without granulation (b) D ventral sabre chaetae in chaetiger 35 E neuropodial hooded hooks in chaetiger 31 F whole body, removed palps, fixed in formalin. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C-E); 2 mm (F)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684583"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="EAC1E4A6CBFD1F35287D2EFA2675D1EE"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-C paratype (NIBRIV 0000893852) D, E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893851) fixed in formalin, with a solution of methyl green in distilled water A dorsal view of anterior end, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of chaetigers 19 - 23, intersegmental lateral pouches (arrowheads) C lateral view of chaetigers 66 - 69, oocytes (arrowheads) D lateral view of whole body, at least one week after staining E ventral view of chaetigers 25 - 30. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B, C, E); 2 mm (D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684584"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="823B459683B688C41ACA68A2334D0A12"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">, 5</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="7FE14831613FC103DCAF89F82565BC93"authorityName="Lee & Min"authorityYear="2022"class="Polychaeta"family="Spionidae"genus="Rhynchospio"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Rhynchospio aciliata"order="Spionida"pageId="0"pageNumber="191"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="aciliata">
<figureCitationid="873978FA0CB91F7BF583045E6C5C82FD"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893853) F holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) A, B live specimen in seawater, dorsal view (A) and lateral view of anterior end (B) C neuropodial chaetae in chaetiger 35, anterior-row chaeta with heavy granulations (a) and posterior-row chaeta without granulation (b) D ventral sabre chaetae in chaetiger 35 E neuropodial hooded hooks in chaetiger 31 F whole body, removed palps, fixed in formalin. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C-E); 2 mm (F)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684583"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">3F</figureCitation>
: five complete (NIBRIV0000893849-53), 12 complete, 23 anterior fragments, 7 middle fragments, 9 posterior fragments (NIBRIV0000893854) fixed in formalin; 2 complete (NIBRIV0000893847-8), 1 anterior fragment (NIBRIV0000893846), 95% ethanol. All examined specimens were collected from the type locality,
<taxonomicNameid="F893AB990FB0C88614C97B1C3668CA8F"authorityName="Lee & Min"authorityYear="2022"class="Polychaeta"family="Spionidae"genus="Rhynchospio"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Rhynchospio aciliata"order="Spionida"pageId="0"pageNumber="191"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="aciliata">
Prostomium with 2 conical pointed frontolateral horns, extending posteriorly to anterior margin of chaetiger 1, with papilliform elevation on posterior part. Metameric nuchal organs brownish and oval, ciliary bands double-paired from chaetiger 1 to chaetigers 42-49. First notopodial postchaetal lamellae large and lanceolate. Anterior branchiae conspicuously large and foliaceous. Tridentate hooded hooks appearing from chaetigers 18-24, numbering 9 or 10 per fascicle. Transverse ciliated bands, ciliation on the inner branchiae, and intersegmental transverse cilia absent in anteriormost chaetigers. Sperm from chaetiger 12 to chaetigers 34-43. Oocytes from chaetigers 35-44 onwards, up to approximately 120
Holotype specimen complete with 85 chaetigers, approximately 0.9 mm wide and 7.0 mm long. Paratypes with 79-93 chaetigers, 0.8-1.1 mm wide, and 5.5-10.7 mm long. Yellowish-white in both live and formalin-fixed specimens (Fig.
<figureCitationid="4AEC30238E92C8ECD2445F4286A065D0"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893853) F holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) A, B live specimen in seawater, dorsal view (A) and lateral view of anterior end (B) C neuropodial chaetae in chaetiger 35, anterior-row chaeta with heavy granulations (a) and posterior-row chaeta without granulation (b) D ventral sabre chaetae in chaetiger 35 E neuropodial hooded hooks in chaetiger 31 F whole body, removed palps, fixed in formalin. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C-E); 2 mm (F)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684583"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">3A, B, F</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="4C00B92A4C513210A291BB69D28B71B8"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">5A</figureCitation>
); 2 pairs of black eyes arranged in a trapezoid, anterior pair crescent-shaped, more widely separated than posterior pair, and posterior pair round or slightly crescent-shaped; caruncle low and indistinct, extending posteriorly to anterior margin of chaetiger 1; conspicuous papilliform elevation on posterior part of prostomium; occipital antenna absent (Figs
<figureCitationid="4D3682A5D8CB199D9DF7E27A570CE774"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A, G holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) B-F, H, I paratype (NIBRIV 0000893854) A anterior end, dorsal view B-F parapodium from chaetiger 5, 19, 23, 35, 49, all anterior views G posterior end, left four dorsal cirri removed, lateral view H ventral sabre chaeta of chaetiger 31 I neuropodial hooded hook of chaetiger 31. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-F); 0.1 mm (G); 20 μm (H, I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684582"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="F209EAAAF6A5BF9A74A6608BEFD6668D"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">5A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="3B3A1402A0F9C25645D3CDC12A058867"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">5B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="0B6FD778E48C36E682601E41FA7AAD0A"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-C paratype (NIBRIV 0000893852) D, E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893851) fixed in formalin, with a solution of methyl green in distilled water A dorsal view of anterior end, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of chaetigers 19 - 23, intersegmental lateral pouches (arrowheads) C lateral view of chaetigers 66 - 69, oocytes (arrowheads) D lateral view of whole body, at least one week after staining E ventral view of chaetigers 25 - 30. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B, C, E); 2 mm (D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684584"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">4A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="36F66FE3B31EA357BF3B1CD312184C0F"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">5C</figureCitation>
) from chaetiger 1 to chaetigers 42-49 (46 in holotype); first four pairs slightly curved or almost straight; from chaetiger 5, nuchal organs conspicuously curved inward (Fig.
<figureCitationid="46F06793CDEB0CECB46A2E0A5F0336CF"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">5A, C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="7839E4CEC728B76A886336FC9AF4FC36"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">5B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="475F0E204DB1F3CF9470A59D00595FDD"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree for 2343 bp inferred from combined partial mitochondrial 16 S rDNA (313 bp), nuclear 18 S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (1,725 bp), 28 S rDNA (305 bp) from nine spionid polychaetes. Numbers above the branch indicate ML bootstrap values from 1000 replications. The sequence of Boccardia proboscidea was used for outgroup rooting."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684586"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">6D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="6D8B44FE85EDE1350555E33E25A5EB99"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A, G holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) B-F, H, I paratype (NIBRIV 0000893854) A anterior end, dorsal view B-F parapodium from chaetiger 5, 19, 23, 35, 49, all anterior views G posterior end, left four dorsal cirri removed, lateral view H ventral sabre chaeta of chaetiger 31 I neuropodial hooded hook of chaetiger 31. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-F); 0.1 mm (G); 20 μm (H, I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684582"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">2B-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A6CCC5AE8A5EF5C9904D22CD49B6CF9D"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-C paratype (NIBRIV 0000893852) D, E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893851) fixed in formalin, with a solution of methyl green in distilled water A dorsal view of anterior end, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of chaetigers 19 - 23, intersegmental lateral pouches (arrowheads) C lateral view of chaetigers 66 - 69, oocytes (arrowheads) D lateral view of whole body, at least one week after staining E ventral view of chaetigers 25 - 30. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B, C, E); 2 mm (D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684584"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">4A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="C37C9AAAA42292AEFB7E004386906AF6"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">5A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="FC2B7DC7BCB2BA393CAF996EAC6ABCCD"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A, G holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) B-F, H, I paratype (NIBRIV 0000893854) A anterior end, dorsal view B-F parapodium from chaetiger 5, 19, 23, 35, 49, all anterior views G posterior end, left four dorsal cirri removed, lateral view H ventral sabre chaeta of chaetiger 31 I neuropodial hooded hook of chaetiger 31. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-F); 0.1 mm (G); 20 μm (H, I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684582"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">2B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="63C95545D61C9F560C7162C4DE18CCF7"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A, G holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) B-F, H, I paratype (NIBRIV 0000893854) A anterior end, dorsal view B-F parapodium from chaetiger 5, 19, 23, 35, 49, all anterior views G posterior end, left four dorsal cirri removed, lateral view H ventral sabre chaeta of chaetiger 31 I neuropodial hooded hook of chaetiger 31. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-F); 0.1 mm (G); 20 μm (H, I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684582"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">2C-F</figureCitation>
). Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae conical with rounded tips in first 2 chaetigers, becoming broadly rounded until about chaetiger 15, and becoming broad, low subrectangular posteriorly (Fig.
<figureCitationid="14DFBF33B04872CF20679FE2B3F6BAA5"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A, G holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) B-F, H, I paratype (NIBRIV 0000893854) A anterior end, dorsal view B-F parapodium from chaetiger 5, 19, 23, 35, 49, all anterior views G posterior end, left four dorsal cirri removed, lateral view H ventral sabre chaeta of chaetiger 31 I neuropodial hooded hook of chaetiger 31. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-F); 0.1 mm (G); 20 μm (H, I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684582"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">2B-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="9C3A39DF4901E9903885078765BD5A5F"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">5E</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="BD088F0656E3DD9FFF4CE7CE898454A9"authorityName="Lee & Min"authorityYear="2022"class="Polychaeta"family="Spionidae"genus="Rhynchospio"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Rhynchospio aciliata"order="Spionida"pageId="0"pageNumber="191"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="aciliata">
Chaetae in notopodia all capillaries with sheaths; arranged in 2 indistinct rows in anterior chaetigers, more posteriorly arranged in a bundle; 8-12 capillaries very long, non-granulated capillaries in superiormost position at first 2 chaetigers (Fig.
<figureCitationid="271CA1E16B72119F3077F8ECB45B27F1"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A, G holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) B-F, H, I paratype (NIBRIV 0000893854) A anterior end, dorsal view B-F parapodium from chaetiger 5, 19, 23, 35, 49, all anterior views G posterior end, left four dorsal cirri removed, lateral view H ventral sabre chaeta of chaetiger 31 I neuropodial hooded hook of chaetiger 31. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-F); 0.1 mm (G); 20 μm (H, I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684582"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">2A</figureCitation>
); anterior-row capillaries slightly with heavy granulations and posterior-row capillaries longer, non-granulated in anterior chaetigers; granulations of anterior-row capillaries becoming faint posteriorly and completely disappear from chaetigers 40-50. Chaetae in neuropodia with sheathed capillaries and hooded hooks as well as sabre chaetae in inferior position, arranged in 2 rows (Fig.
<figureCitationid="867AEE95FC9BA1F70D76AA1220D223AF"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">5E</figureCitation>
); chaetae in anterior row shorter and stouter, heavily granulated and capillaries in posterior row rather thin, non-granulated in anterior chaetigers (Fig.
<figureCitationid="60AF393901C2C43A2CB2395AC4DF610D"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893853) F holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) A, B live specimen in seawater, dorsal view (A) and lateral view of anterior end (B) C neuropodial chaetae in chaetiger 35, anterior-row chaeta with heavy granulations (a) and posterior-row chaeta without granulation (b) D ventral sabre chaetae in chaetiger 35 E neuropodial hooded hooks in chaetiger 31 F whole body, removed palps, fixed in formalin. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C-E); 2 mm (F)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684583"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">3C</figureCitation>
); 9 or 10 tridentate hooded hooks replacing posterior row of neurochaetae from chaetigers 18-24 (usually 19-21, 20 in holotype), covered with minute bristles (Fig.
<figureCitationid="3EC7A576652426959AF8FF2A1A511637"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">5F</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="42E53E678D8FBF7F68194D0456A9EC35"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A, G holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) B-F, H, I paratype (NIBRIV 0000893854) A anterior end, dorsal view B-F parapodium from chaetiger 5, 19, 23, 35, 49, all anterior views G posterior end, left four dorsal cirri removed, lateral view H ventral sabre chaeta of chaetiger 31 I neuropodial hooded hook of chaetiger 31. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-F); 0.1 mm (G); 20 μm (H, I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684582"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">2I</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="F1AEEA5EDC8E3AAF0069C8F3A9414970"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893853) F holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) A, B live specimen in seawater, dorsal view (A) and lateral view of anterior end (B) C neuropodial chaetae in chaetiger 35, anterior-row chaeta with heavy granulations (a) and posterior-row chaeta without granulation (b) D ventral sabre chaetae in chaetiger 35 E neuropodial hooded hooks in chaetiger 31 F whole body, removed palps, fixed in formalin. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C-E); 2 mm (F)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684583"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">3E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="430770523C5B496ED7BFD12FCB024B13"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">5F</figureCitation>
); 4 or 5 capillaries in inferiormost position usually present 2 or 3 segments before hook-bearing chaetigers; 4 or 5 sabre chaetae heavily granulated, with sheaths, appearing from about hook-bearing chaetigers (Figs
<figureCitationid="5CD0B4317FE50BCFFA50EE4B3C7E38EA"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A, G holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) B-F, H, I paratype (NIBRIV 0000893854) A anterior end, dorsal view B-F parapodium from chaetiger 5, 19, 23, 35, 49, all anterior views G posterior end, left four dorsal cirri removed, lateral view H ventral sabre chaeta of chaetiger 31 I neuropodial hooded hook of chaetiger 31. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-F); 0.1 mm (G); 20 μm (H, I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684582"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">2H</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="379B03739675368688F4128C82AA5197"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893853) F holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) A, B live specimen in seawater, dorsal view (A) and lateral view of anterior end (B) C neuropodial chaetae in chaetiger 35, anterior-row chaeta with heavy granulations (a) and posterior-row chaeta without granulation (b) D ventral sabre chaetae in chaetiger 35 E neuropodial hooded hooks in chaetiger 31 F whole body, removed palps, fixed in formalin. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C-E); 2 mm (F)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684583"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">3D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B29F47BD7BB68F6D7FBBE523CD9DE74E"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">5E</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="371A80A500279DAE510BF305D19DDF7A"authorityName="Lee & Min"authorityYear="2022"class="Polychaeta"family="Spionidae"genus="Rhynchospio"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Rhynchospio aciliata"order="Spionida"pageId="0"pageNumber="191"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="aciliata">
<figureCitationid="7A912A41EF72057453946F342EA88C6E"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">5A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="1167C2957802B8C9A45C56C5524F10F3"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree for 2343 bp inferred from combined partial mitochondrial 16 S rDNA (313 bp), nuclear 18 S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (1,725 bp), 28 S rDNA (305 bp) from nine spionid polychaetes. Numbers above the branch indicate ML bootstrap values from 1000 replications. The sequence of Boccardia proboscidea was used for outgroup rooting."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684586"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">6D</figureCitation>
). Intersegmental lateral pouches positioned in front of superior part of neuropodial postchaetal lamellae, small in the beginning, appearing from chaetigers 13-15 (Fig.
<figureCitationid="2F3D7DF50D517F1C69CE7887D65105A3"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A, G holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) B-F, H, I paratype (NIBRIV 0000893854) A anterior end, dorsal view B-F parapodium from chaetiger 5, 19, 23, 35, 49, all anterior views G posterior end, left four dorsal cirri removed, lateral view H ventral sabre chaeta of chaetiger 31 I neuropodial hooded hook of chaetiger 31. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-F); 0.1 mm (G); 20 μm (H, I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684582"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">2C-F</figureCitation>
). Glandular pouches indiscernible. Sperm from chaetiger 12 to chaetigers 34-43 (35 in holotype). Oocytes subspherical, from chaetigers 35-44 onwards (35 in holotype), up to approximately 120
<figureCitationid="78BE3FDB4FDAB440CAF86BF6B60F8811"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-C paratype (NIBRIV 0000893852) D, E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893851) fixed in formalin, with a solution of methyl green in distilled water A dorsal view of anterior end, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of chaetigers 19 - 23, intersegmental lateral pouches (arrowheads) C lateral view of chaetigers 66 - 69, oocytes (arrowheads) D lateral view of whole body, at least one week after staining E ventral view of chaetigers 25 - 30. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B, C, E); 2 mm (D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684584"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">4C</figureCitation>
Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree for 2343 bp inferred from combined partial mitochondrial 16S rDNA (313 bp), nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (1,725 bp), 28S rDNA (305 bp) from nine spionid polychaetes. Numbers above the branch indicate ML bootstrap values from 1000 replications. The sequence of
Pygidium with 1 pair of stout, conical ventral cirri, and usually 4-6 pairs (5 pairs in holotype, 1 specimen (NIBRIV0000893849) with 24 pairs) of thin, long dorsolateral cirri (Fig.
<figureCitationid="2500CC64680DB644DA37701C9372A2B3"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A, G holotype (NIBRIV 0000893855) B-F, H, I paratype (NIBRIV 0000893854) A anterior end, dorsal view B-F parapodium from chaetiger 5, 19, 23, 35, 49, all anterior views G posterior end, left four dorsal cirri removed, lateral view H ventral sabre chaeta of chaetiger 31 I neuropodial hooded hook of chaetiger 31. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A-F); 0.1 mm (G); 20 μm (H, I)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684582"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">2G</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="1480FB2E35E9AFAE933C85F03376E290"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Scanning electron microscopy observation of Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov., paratype (NIBRIV 0000893850) A dorsal view of anterior end with right branchiae removed, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of anterior end, first notopodial postchaetal lamellae (arrowheads) C double-paired ciliary bands on right side of chaetiger 41 D pygidium, lateral view E neuropodium of chaetiger 22, ventrolateral view F neuropodial hooded hooks from chaetiger 45, lateral view. nu: metameric nuchal organs, tcb: transverse ciliated bands, itc: intersegmental transverse cilia, pr: prechaetal lobe, po: postchaetal lobe, sa: ventral sabre chaetae. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, B); 20 μm (C, F); 0.1 mm (E); 4 μm (G)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684585"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">5D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="4B8DCD3762B7F512380FEE102FFB2A23"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-C paratype (NIBRIV 0000893852) D, E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893851) fixed in formalin, with a solution of methyl green in distilled water A dorsal view of anterior end, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of chaetigers 19 - 23, intersegmental lateral pouches (arrowheads) C lateral view of chaetigers 66 - 69, oocytes (arrowheads) D lateral view of whole body, at least one week after staining E ventral view of chaetigers 25 - 30. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B, C, E); 2 mm (D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684584"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">4B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="712C187B9F6D17091FE173ECF8D558BB"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-C paratype (NIBRIV 0000893852) D, E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893851) fixed in formalin, with a solution of methyl green in distilled water A dorsal view of anterior end, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of chaetigers 19 - 23, intersegmental lateral pouches (arrowheads) C lateral view of chaetigers 66 - 69, oocytes (arrowheads) D lateral view of whole body, at least one week after staining E ventral view of chaetigers 25 - 30. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B, C, E); 2 mm (D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684584"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">4C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="F79C8C1B804B198AD1CD22618C2DF914"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-C paratype (NIBRIV 0000893852) D, E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893851) fixed in formalin, with a solution of methyl green in distilled water A dorsal view of anterior end, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of chaetigers 19 - 23, intersegmental lateral pouches (arrowheads) C lateral view of chaetigers 66 - 69, oocytes (arrowheads) D lateral view of whole body, at least one week after staining E ventral view of chaetigers 25 - 30. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B, C, E); 2 mm (D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684584"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">4A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="E773472E51A8FBB7A304985826030727"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-C paratype (NIBRIV 0000893852) D, E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893851) fixed in formalin, with a solution of methyl green in distilled water A dorsal view of anterior end, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of chaetigers 19 - 23, intersegmental lateral pouches (arrowheads) C lateral view of chaetigers 66 - 69, oocytes (arrowheads) D lateral view of whole body, at least one week after staining E ventral view of chaetigers 25 - 30. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B, C, E); 2 mm (D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684584"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">4E</figureCitation>
). For at least 1 week after staining, the prostomium, peristomium, chaetiger 12 to chaetigers 34-43 remained stained (male fertile segments), and the ventral transverse bands in anterior and middle chaetigers conspicuously remained (Fig.
<figureCitationid="E72B0EE7D548359D8576D828F21EF14E"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Rhynchospio aciliata sp. nov. A-C paratype (NIBRIV 0000893852) D, E paratype (NIBRIV 0000893851) fixed in formalin, with a solution of methyl green in distilled water A dorsal view of anterior end, nuchal organs (arrowheads) B lateral view of chaetigers 19 - 23, intersegmental lateral pouches (arrowheads) C lateral view of chaetigers 66 - 69, oocytes (arrowheads) D lateral view of whole body, at least one week after staining E ventral view of chaetigers 25 - 30. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.2 mm (B, C, E); 2 mm (D)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684584"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">4D</figureCitation>
, meaning "absence of cilia." This name refers to the absence of ciliation on the dorsum and inner margins of branchiae of the anteriormost chaetigers.
sp. nov. were determined. The GenBank accession numbers and sequence lengths of the species were as follows: ON206852-4 for COI (687 bp), ON206000-2 for 16S rDNA (517 bp), ON206003-5 for 18S rDNA (1,778 bp), and ON206006-8 for 356 bp (28S rDNA) (Table
<tableCitationid="0C29F7C9BB4C859968B9536C1E88990E"captionStart="Table 1"captionStartId="T1"captionText="Table 1. GenBank accession numbers of Rhynchospio species and outgroup taxon used for phylogenetic analysis."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C929195E7B8BC3E717BB36073D794996"pageId="0"pageNumber="191"tableUuid="C929195E7B8BC3E717BB36073D794996">1</tableCitation>
). The intra-specific genetic distances were 0-0.4% in 16S rDNA, and no variation was detected in the other three gene regions. Based on the available molecular data of
<tableCitationid="ABAD07EFF26217D16E21520960D2E509"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="T2"captionText="Table 2. Genetic distances of four molecular markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16 S ribosomal DNA [rDNA], 18 S rDNA, and 28 S rDNA) (uncorrected pairwise distances) within and among the new species and other Rhynchospio species."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/933694FF129D6A1E08E3A16345C66A79"pageId="0"pageNumber="191"tableUuid="933694FF129D6A1E08E3A16345C66A79">2</tableCitation>
<figureCitationid="C9767ED62BF2EAFE996D401FE78F4456"captionStart="Figure 6"captionStartId="F6"captionText="Figure 6. Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree for 2343 bp inferred from combined partial mitochondrial 16 S rDNA (313 bp), nuclear 18 S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (1,725 bp), 28 S rDNA (305 bp) from nine spionid polychaetes. Numbers above the branch indicate ML bootstrap values from 1000 replications. The sequence of Boccardia proboscidea was used for outgroup rooting."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1100.80077.figure6"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/684586"pageId="0"pageNumber="191">6</figureCitation>
). This result implies that their close relationships share several morphological characteristics (see below). Unfortunately, the molecular information of
<bibRefCitationid="251CA9CED6F2858463BA8E63D38252F9"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039"author="Radashevsky, VI"journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity"pageId="0"pageNumber="191"pagination="424 - 433"refId="B16"refString="Radashevsky, VI, Neretina, TV, Pankova, VV, Tzetlin, AB, Choi, JW, 2014. Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 12 (4): 424 - 433, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039"title="Molecular identity, morphology and taxonomy of the Rhynchospio glutaea complex with a key to Rhynchospio species (Annelida, Spionidae)."url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2014.941039"volume="12"year="2014">Radashevsky et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="13D2E41F06D42E001ED53763B13A99E4"DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4127.3.10"author="Radashevsky, VI"journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa"pageId="0"pageNumber="191"pagination="579 - 590"refId="B17"refString="Radashevsky, VI, Malyar, VV, Pankova, VV, Nuzhdin, SV, 2016. Molecular analysis of six Rhynchospio Hartman, 1936 species (Annelida: Spionidae) with comments on the evolution of brooding within the group. Zootaxa 4127 (3): 579 - 590, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4127.3.10"title="Molecular analysis of six Rhynchospio Hartman, 1936 species (Annelida: Spionidae) with comments on the evolution of brooding within the group."url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4127.3.10"volume="4127"year="2016">Radashevsky et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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Genetic distances of four molecular markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S ribosomal DNA [rDNA], 18S rDNA, and 28S rDNA) (uncorrected pairwise distances) within and among the new species and other
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