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<document id="92E834F33CF8BB9A634BEB07DE0CC59D" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.663" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5a7c4049-6179-47df-8537-a81f307a7dc2" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3890442" ID-ZooBank="78E7049C-F592-4D01-9D15-C7715119B584" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1591910064537" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Tenorio, Manuel J., Abalde, Samuel, Pardos-Blas, José R. &amp; Zardoya, Rafael" docDate="2020" docId="AE38686E3050FF8FFE17FE04FDE40F30" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-663_tenoria_abalde_pardos-blas.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 663 (663)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Africonus antoniaensis Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro 2014" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="520110163059FF86FFF7FF98FFFF091D" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1733342609484" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="7B1EC0F59665FDBDAC16F5B86414DBDD">Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="44ADDF718474F01FBF449E9D6107C193">Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain. &amp; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<figureCitation id="BEAAC5FD3050FF8FFD19FE27FCB808C4" box="[750,839,447,473]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1537,1563]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,2019]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,265,2022]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 3 (opposite page). A. Africonus antoniaensis Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro, 2014, 14.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/79889). B. Conus antoniomonteiroi Rolán, 1990,holotype, 16.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/1100). C. Conus bellulus Rolán, 1990, holotype, 18.9 mm (MNCN 15.05/1098). D. Conus boavistensis Rolán &amp; Fernandes in Rolán, 1990, holotype, 13.2 mm (MNCN, 15.05/1089). E. Africonus borgesi (Trovão, 1979), 30.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/88646). F. Conus navarroi calhetae Rolán, 1990, holotype, 26.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/1096). G. Conus crotchii Reeve, 1849, neotype, 22.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/79971). H. Conus irregularis G.B. Sowerby II, 1858, lectotype, 28.3 mm (NHMUK 197871/1). I. Africonus cuneolus (Reeve, 1843), 28.2 mm (MNCN, 15.05/79712). J. Conus curralensis Rolán, 1986, holotype, 17 mm (MNCN 15.05/1010). K. Africonus damottai (Trovão, 1979), 18.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/80401). L. Africonus decoratus (Röckel, Rolán &amp; Monteiro, 1980), 23.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/78589). M. Africonus delanoyae (Trovão, 1979), 27.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/80397). N. Africonus denizi Afonso &amp; Tenorio, 2011, holotype, 11.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/60000). O. Conus diminutus Trovão &amp; Rolán, 1986, neotype, 14.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/80416). P. Africonus espingueirensis Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro, 2017, holotype, 9.7 mm (MMM). Scale bars = 10 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14278408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14278408/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB3050FF8FFF4AFDBCFCB70B23" ID-CoL="b11a5cb4-7fa7-401c-8610-bb0041b806ff" authority="Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro, 2018 a: 18" authorityName="Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro" authorityPageNumber="18" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,840,548,574]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Africonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="padarosae">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFF4AFDBCFE4E0B23" box="[189,433,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Africonus padarosae</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFCA3FDBCFC3F0B23" bold="true" box="[852,960,548,574]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">syn. nov.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFF4AFDFDFE550B62" bold="true" box="[189,426,613,639]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined</emphasis>
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depth
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<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFF1DFD60FE590A0F" bold="true" box="[234,422,760,786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Other material</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="96F9D3253050FF8FFF4AFC84FA9A0A44" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2634681324" collectingDate="2015-04-19" collectionCode="MNCN" country="Cape Verde" latitude="16.208055" location="Agua Doce" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-22.735277" municipality="Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCode="MNCN 15.05/79889" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Boa Vista Island">
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<location id="234E8FA33050FF8FFD05FC82FC810A2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE38686E3050FF8FFE17FE04FDE40F30:234E8FA33050FF8FFD05FC82FC810A2B" box="[754,894,794,822]" country="Cape Verde" latitude="16.208055" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-22.735277" municipality="Island" name="Agua Doce" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Boa Vista Island">Água Doce</location>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="43A5BFBF3050FF8FFC7AFC82FBDC0A2B" box="[909,1059,794,822]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="29" value="16.208055">16º12′29″ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="43A5BFBF3050FF8FFBC4FC82FB3F0A2B" box="[1075,1216,794,822]" degrees="22" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="15" seconds="7" value="-22.735277">22º44′7″ W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<date id="522FFFB83050FF8FFB38FC84FA8D0A2A" box="[1231,1394,796,823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2015-04-19">
<collectingDate id="426B06503050FF8FFB38FC84FA8D0A2A" box="[1231,1394,796,823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2015-04-19">19 Apr. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectionCode id="408041BD3050FF8FFF4AFCA7FEEA0A44" box="[189,277,831,857]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome: 
<accessionNumber id="39C2449B3050FF8FFC9CFCA7FC0E0A47" box="[875,1009,831,858]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MF491587" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MF491587</accessionNumber>
; 
<specimenCode id="763771033050FF8FFC0AFCA7FB0F0A47" box="[1021,1264,831,858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MNCN 15.05/79889</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="BEAAC5FD3050FF8FFAF7FCA7FAA30A44" box="[1280,1372,831,857]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1537,1563]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,2019]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[189,1398,265,2022]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 3 (opposite page). A. Africonus antoniaensis Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro, 2014, 14.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/79889). B. Conus antoniomonteiroi Rolán, 1990,holotype, 16.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/1100). C. Conus bellulus Rolán, 1990, holotype, 18.9 mm (MNCN 15.05/1098). D. Conus boavistensis Rolán &amp; Fernandes in Rolán, 1990, holotype, 13.2 mm (MNCN, 15.05/1089). E. Africonus borgesi (Trovão, 1979), 30.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/88646). F. Conus navarroi calhetae Rolán, 1990, holotype, 26.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/1096). G. Conus crotchii Reeve, 1849, neotype, 22.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/79971). H. Conus irregularis G.B. Sowerby II, 1858, lectotype, 28.3 mm (NHMUK 197871/1). I. Africonus cuneolus (Reeve, 1843), 28.2 mm (MNCN, 15.05/79712). J. Conus curralensis Rolán, 1986, holotype, 17 mm (MNCN 15.05/1010). K. Africonus damottai (Trovão, 1979), 18.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/80401). L. Africonus decoratus (Röckel, Rolán &amp; Monteiro, 1980), 23.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/78589). M. Africonus delanoyae (Trovão, 1979), 27.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/80397). N. Africonus denizi Afonso &amp; Tenorio, 2011, holotype, 11.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/60000). O. Conus diminutus Trovão &amp; Rolán, 1986, neotype, 14.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/80416). P. Africonus espingueirensis Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro, 2017, holotype, 9.7 mm (MMM). Scale bars = 10 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14278408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14278408/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="96F9D3253050FF8FFF4AFCFAFB2E0A60" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2634681378" box="[189,1233,866,893]" collectionCode="MMM" collectorName="Island &amp; de Padaroso" country="Cape Verde" location="Baixa de Padaroso" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Boa Vista Island" typeStatus="holotype">
<quantity id="E169749D3050FF8FFF4AFCFAFED60A60" box="[189,297,866,893]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="13.4">13.4 mm</quantity>
, 
<typeStatus id="F92A67DA3050FF8FFEC3FCFAFE640A61" box="[308,411,866,892]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB3050FF8FFE35FCFAFD490A61" authorityName="Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro" authorityYear="2018" box="[450,694,866,892]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Africonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="padarosae">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFE35FCFAFD490A61" box="[450,694,866,892]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Africonus padarosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<collectingRegion id="E455179A3050FF8FFD32FCFBFC750A61" box="[709,906,866,893]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Boa Vista Island</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="234E8FA33050FF8FFC62FCFAFB8C0A61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE38686E3050FF8FFE17FE04FDE40F30:234E8FA33050FF8FFC62FCFAFB8C0A61" box="[917,1139,866,892]" country="Cape Verde" name="Baixa de Padaroso" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Boa Vista Island">Baixa de Padaroso</location>
; 
<collectionCode id="408041BD3050FF8FFB88FCFBFB2E0A60" box="[1151,1233,867,893]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">MMM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E8B8AF33050FF8FFF4AFC3BFE850D0D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="262ED9783050FF8FFF4AFC3BFDFD0AA0" blockId="9.[189,514,931,957]" box="[189,514,931,957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="7D666E143050FF8FFF4AFC3BFDFD0AA0" bold="true" box="[189,514,931,957]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFF4AFC3BFDFD0AA0" bold="true" box="[189,514,931,957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED9783050FF8FFF4AFC4AFE850D0D" blockId="9.[189,1399,978,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
North of 
<collectingRegion id="E455179A3050FF8FFEC7FC4BFE590AF1" box="[304,422,978,1005]" country="Cape Verde" name="Boa Vista" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Boa Vista</collectingRegion>
Island, 
<collectingCountry id="5E8699E83050FF8FFDFCFC4AFD680AF1" box="[523,663,978,1004]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cabo Verde</collectingCountry>
Archipelago, from Ponta do Sol towards the east, including Derrubado area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E8B8AF33050FF8FFF4AFBAFFE960D62" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="262ED9783050FF8FFF4AFBAFFD650D4C" blockId="9.[189,666,1079,1105]" box="[189,666,1079,1105]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="7D666E143050FF8FFF4AFBAFFD650D4C" bold="true" box="[189,666,1079,1105]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFF4AFBAFFD650D4C" bold="true" box="[189,666,1079,1105]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Conservation status in IUCN Red List</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED9783050FF8FFF4AFBFEFE960D62" blockId="9.[189,361,1125,1152]" box="[189,361,1125,1152]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Not evaluated.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6E8B8AF33050FF8FFF4AFB3FFDE40F30" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="262ED9783050FF8FFF4AFB3FFED00DDC" blockId="9.[189,303,1191,1217]" box="[189,303,1191,1217]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="7D666E143050FF8FFF4AFB3FFED00DDC" bold="true" box="[189,303,1191,1217]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFF4AFB3FFED00DDC" bold="true" box="[189,303,1191,1217]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="262ED9783050FF8FFF4AFB4DFDE40F30" blockId="9.[189,1399,1237,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The specimen sequenced from this recently described taxon appears closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB3050FF8FFB56FB4EFAD70DF2" baseAuthorityName="Trovao" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[1185,1320,1237,1264]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Africonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="damottai">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFB56FB4EFAD70DF2" box="[1185,1320,1237,1264]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. damottai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but at a genetic distance consistent with its consideration as a valid species. The shell of the recently described 
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB3050FF8FFF4AFA84FEA30C2B" authorityName="Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,348,1308,1334]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Africonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="padarosae">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFF4AFA84FEA30C2B" box="[189,348,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. padarosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically very close to that of 
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB3050FF8FFCA6FA84FBF60C2B" authorityName="Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro" authorityYear="2014" box="[849,1033,1308,1334]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Africonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antoniaensis">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFCA6FA84FBF60C2B" box="[849,1033,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. antoniaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and separation at the species level is unsupported, as it falls within the morphological variability of the latter. As it happens with many other recently named cone snails endemic to the 
<collectingCountry id="5E8699E83050FF8FFCB1FAFAFC300C61" box="[838,975,1378,1404]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cabo Verde</collectingCountry>
Archipelago, the species separation criterion was based mainly on the 
<typeStatus id="F92A67DA3050FF8FFDAAFA1EFD6F0CBD" box="[605,656,1414,1440]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
locality, and on subtle conchological differences, which were never statistically tested. In this particular case, the authors claimed that the 
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB3050FF8FFB92FA31FAFB0CDF" authorityName="Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro" authorityYear="2018" box="[1125,1284,1448,1475]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Africonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="padarosae">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFB92FA31FAFB0CDF" box="[1125,1284,1448,1475]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. padarosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB3050FF8FFE81FA54FDD40CFB" authorityName="Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro" authorityYear="2014" box="[374,555,1484,1510]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Africonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antoniaensis">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFE81FA54FDD40CFB" box="[374,555,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. antoniaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based upon “different spire profile and more elongated shape” without any statistically supported morphometric analysis. We therefore propose to consider 
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB3050FF8FFB52FA77FABE0F14" authorityName="Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro" authorityYear="2018" box="[1189,1345,1519,1545]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Africonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="padarosae">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFB52FA77FABE0F14" box="[1189,1345,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. padarosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a mere form of 
<taxonomicName id="E191A2FB3050FF8FFEA8F98BFDEB0F31" authorityName="Cossignani &amp; Fiadeiro" authorityYear="2014" box="[351,532,1555,1581]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Africonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="antoniaensis">
<emphasis id="14E5056A3050FF8FFEA8F98BFDEB0F31" box="[351,532,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. antoniaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>