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146 lines
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<document id="7A11970C03E41E25581E939850C6707F" ID-CLB-Dataset="30043" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.759.21627" ID-GBIF-Dataset="91301b3e-9db1-46f2-a540-8ad71699edb6" ID-PMC="PMC5974062" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-759-137" ID-PubMed="29861650" ID-ZooBank="8D9F73B25FF84B05B88AB87E4BE7B267" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-759-137" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 759" ModsDocTitle="Notes on some toad bugs from China (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Gelastocoridae)" checkinTime="1527037471981" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xie, Tong-Yin & Liu, Guo-Qing" docDate="2018" docId="0C1FE7305F5AAF928A81A7D9DF32F397" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 759: 137-147" docOrigin="ZooKeys 759" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.759.21627" docTitle="Nerthra macrothorax Montrouzier 1855" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="137" masterDocId="FFBF8F1AFFB8266CFF87F9744546FFBE" masterDocTitle="Notes on some toad bugs from China (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Gelastocoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="137" pageNumber="137" updateTime="1701376964631" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DF32C1A38389814193C731E7F1756C3D">Notes on some toad bugs from China (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Gelastocoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B367E0160D3504F94D26EA26FC7B3C0D">Xie, Tong-Yin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0FB9C59C5BD57F7087F37A03F186A4D">Liu, Guo-Qing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7B09ED94508EED8B07B299AEE1263B54">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2A859568EC219D5DE6A8A248D28A5177">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B194941BDC4F997EA00B0980C8F3DD35" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9266A12060AD61EF68002FD6228A0DD2">759</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B0692F0B5FD19579F466343F3E8FF0A3" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.759.21627</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0C1FE7305F5AAF928A81A7D9DF32F397" ID-GBIF-Taxon="144067140" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C1FE7305F5AAF928A81A7D9DF32F397" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C1FE7305F5AAF928A81A7D9DF32F397" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
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<subSubSection id="4654AC15078486926FA7B3051E6268A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="03925829B7BBBCDDE0D14284C891527A" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
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<taxonomicName id="AB8CC2B1ED385DB7E5A27DA94FD0965D" ID-CoL="476GC" authority="Montrouzier, 1855" authorityName="Montrouzier" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerthra macrothorax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrothorax">Nerthra macrothorax (Montrouzier, 1855)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EDC610084F0E884D826806D6CF3A0875" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="0295D1DDC5AEA703BC68440629F582B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
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<taxonomicName id="DFE200F7018D3AE09F8C8C8B542E47D3" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Galgulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galgulus macrothorax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrothorax">Galgulus macrothorax</taxonomicName>
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Montrouzier, 1855: 110.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8CE26B13A2142E495E0534E0DC900062" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
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<taxonomicName id="B04702E3448BD2F7386FCAB5721D6EC9" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Scylaecus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scylaecus macrothorax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="macrothorax">Scylaecus macrothorax</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="71320387E8DB70CE477BDF7DE2B3D346" author="Stal, C" journalOrPublisher="Oefversigt af Kungliga Vetenskapsakademiens Foerhandlingar" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="195 - 212" title="Nova methodus familias quasdam Hemipterorum disponendi." volume="18" year="1861">
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<normalizedToken id="DF63AB0FD5BFF67D724294D1A2FEBD27" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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1861
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 201.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F0108B4DCB9895747022C212BBE5EA55" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
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<taxonomicName id="F5E47F71D3AF2A93FE8523EDD3823410" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Peltopterus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltopterus macrothorax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="macrothorax">Peltopterus macrothorax</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="104F8273E41EB455D3F77BDEE1371BF0" author="Stal, C" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="405 - 408" title="Verzeichniss der Mononychiden." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.47918630308" volume="7" year="1863">
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<normalizedToken id="3D79763B3C069B50F4E75D0197F137B2" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
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1863
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 408;
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<bibRefCitation id="BBC3C2EC900A4E5BD5C483DBEAC584BF" author="Montandon, AL" journalOrPublisher="Buletinul Societatii de Sciinte din Bucuresti-Romana" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="774 - 780" title="HemipteraCryptocerata. S. fam. Mononychinae. Notes et descriptions d'especes nouvelles, 2 - eme partie." volume="8" year="1899">Montandon 1899</bibRefCitation>
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: 779;
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<bibRefCitation id="2134A41B02488BEBB1E154ED74D50EC0" author="Kirkaldy, GW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="117 - 156" title="List of the genera of the pagiopodous Hemiptera-Heteroptera, with their type species, from 1758 to 1904 (and also of the aquatic and semi-aquatic Trochalopoda)." volume="32" year="1906">Kirkaldy 1906</bibRefCitation>
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: 150;
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<bibRefCitation id="77784A3EB408C02AA598C902B42F4A22" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Esaki 1928</bibRefCitation>
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: 75;
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<bibRefCitation id="A5D926940F4D713BB14E40DADE586EBC" author="Sonan, J" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="21 - 22" title="On Peltopterusmacrothorax (Montrouzier)." volume="24" year="1934">Sonan 1934</bibRefCitation>
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: 21;
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<bibRefCitation id="AB1EED2F8B8E1D4A9A325A55A8E836A2" author="Hoffmann, WE" journalOrPublisher="Lingnan Science Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="1 - 78" title="Catalogue of aquatic Hemiptera of China, Indo-China, Formosa, and Korea." volume="20" year="1941">Hoffmann 1941</bibRefCitation>
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: 44;
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<bibRefCitation id="2C27E7F0660B8AEDFFF504559930CC9F" author="Miyamoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Nymph" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="33 - 41" title="Tokara expedition." volume="2" year="1953">Miyamoto 1953</bibRefCitation>
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: 35,
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<bibRefCitation id="1301379E6EF845F88F86A153BD1B8F96" author="Miyamoto, S" journalOrPublisher="Shin Konchu" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="28 - 34" title="Collecting records from Tokara Islands." volume="7" year="1954">Miyamoto 1954</bibRefCitation>
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: 28.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6789D429A46029AA9BD1298EA65AABC4" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
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<taxonomicName id="CA8A5D1093D01945A5867DDEC0CECAE8" class="Insecta" family="Gelastocoridae" genus="Nerthra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nerthra macrothorax" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrothorax">Nerthra macrothorax</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="6C7D0E2DB2D7A34833B8EE860D608E3F" author="Todd, EL" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="277 - 475" title="A taxonomic revision of the family Gelastocoridae (Hemiptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.1590" volume="37" year="1955">Todd 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 414;
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<bibRefCitation id="1A6F33F0D13E7964999673112AF693FD" author="Todd, EL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="145 - 162" title="Five new species of Gelastocoridae with comments on other species (Hemiptera)." volume="59" year="1957">Todd 1957</bibRefCitation>
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: 157;
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<bibRefCitation id="647E7A4597F3ED78076B073AF1701DAC" author="Todd, EL" journalOrPublisher="Nova Guinea, New Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="61 - 95" title="The Gelastocoridae of Melanesia." volume="10" year="1959">Todd 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 63;
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<bibRefCitation id="D5B26C0AFD6C9AE8EA588CF4459C3928" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Todd 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 172;
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<bibRefCitation id="AA58C65724BD981B2C07F898F2DE97CE" author="Todd, EL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="93 - 94" title="Notes on some toad bugs (Hemiptera: Gelastocoridae) from India." volume="74" year="1961">Todd 1961</bibRefCitation>
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, 93;
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<bibRefCitation id="234B2E02F95E463276910CDD5FC319C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Polhemus 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 24;
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<bibRefCitation id="6CB88E4492BCB82178644070BECCF92C" author="Chen, PP" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Malesiana Handbooks 5, Brill, Leiden / Boston" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" title="The aquatic and semi-aquatic bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha & Gerromorpha) of Malesia." year="2005">Chen et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 47;
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<bibRefCitation id="0165B189D88D522E312D7E3354835620" author="Nieser, N" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="307 - 327" title="The water bugs (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha) of Vanuatu." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-900000173" volume="148" year="2005">Nieser and Chen 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 308;
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<bibRefCitation id="B380E55E20E482CD90CDB11EABD824BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Kment and Jindra 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 203;
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<bibRefCitation id="C3F1BA85C10EB5EBF1454CC8D1B7BDE1" author="Polhemus, DA" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="343 - 359" title="Guide to the aquatic Heteroptera of Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. IX. Infraorder Nepomorpha, families Ochteridae and Gelastocoridae." volume="60" year="2012">Polhemus and Polhemus 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: 357,
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<bibRefCitation id="B130322ECA2EE39034B5438DF0EF9402" author="Xie, TY" journalOrPublisher="Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" url="http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201305–98" year="2013">Xie and Liu 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 6;
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<bibRefCitation id="A69EE9526AA25AF590511B5FE753CCB5" author="Sano, S" journalOrPublisher="Rostria" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="31 - 33" title="New localities of Nerthramacrothorax (Heteroptera, Gelastocoridae) from Miyako and Ikema Islands, the Ryukyus, Japan." volume="59" year="2016">Sano 2016</bibRefCitation>
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: 31.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B5601335AD27AAED4D661238AD21C03B" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3FC754078EC6C8BE095B832DA7B49FEA" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="402CCCAEA481D65A3DB7FD2C406FC473" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
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(from
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<bibRefCitation id="5465E8B3C9C728FC1931BC5958F46515" author="Todd, EL" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="277 - 475" title="A taxonomic revision of the family Gelastocoridae (Hemiptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.1590" volume="37" year="1955">Todd 1955</bibRefCitation>
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). Body light brown, front of head provided with five large, rounded tubercles, four of which are flatted on top and densely covered with short clavate bristles; ocelli absent. Pronotum greatly expanded laterally; lateral margins converging anteriorly, subparallel for posterior half; posterior angle projecting obliquely posterolateral, rather pointed; posterior margin with five concavities.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B6A9BF4F90A87126F2BB770D759EB8AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Scutellum rather small, apex narrowed, basal portion depressed, inclining to apex which is the most elevated part. Hemelytra entirely coriaceous, fused together, extending slightly beyond end of abdomen, large longitudinal carinae present; base of embolium greatly expanded laterally. Connexivum broadly expanded laterally in both sexes. Entire body covered with short, broadly clavate bristles, bristles pale and especially dense on pronotum and on the elevations of the head.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8D0618A36CD3250CDF98AF7FB73BC1B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Abdominal sternites of female nearly symmetrical except for posterior margin of last sternite, which is slightly emarginated, but with apex slightly convex just below the lobes of the ovipositor, the latter somewhat rounded and the left one overlapping the right. Abdominal sternites of male rather small, last visible abdominal sternite wider than long, nearly twice as long as seventh sternite, which has the right side elongate, spatulate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3856680ED2528E573573FB11FD0E460A" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Clasper of male rather sickle-shaped, but nearly straight, very slightly enlarged at apex then tapering to a blunt point.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8BB74CA5C10D1C56017BF035C812B3C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="158D68DD7612DB8CBD81AC09B884F3DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E2FEA2463B9D33A9CC1E2088BEB06B8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
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During the daytime this species hides in wet mud or sand, or under stones or plant debris (
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<bibRefCitation id="66FA1A7590E94CE184DA9C625802ADDD" author="Chen, PP" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Malesiana Handbooks 5, Brill, Leiden / Boston" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" title="The aquatic and semi-aquatic bugs (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha & Gerromorpha) of Malesia." year="2005">Chen et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="6DC5721422C2BDA6D9543D8071569DF6" author="Nieser, N" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" pagination="307 - 327" title="The water bugs (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha) of Vanuatu." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-900000173" volume="148" year="2005">Nieser and Chen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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observed these toad bugs burrowing in the sand on a beach in the south of Taiwan. In view of its inability to fly, its wide distribution is attributed to dispersion by drift on plant debris (
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<bibRefCitation id="4605270E4DD961D0DC783F22C797033C" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Todd 1960</bibRefCitation>
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). The authors have not seen this species, and distribution data for this species was collected from the published literature.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="88521EE523E37C1AB4AC54A4DF96D079" pageId="0" pageNumber="137" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="264BAE2A2C768313C20B81EEEE309ECE" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA33AE165AA73A6501A3227B49AC1D97" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">
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China (Taiwan), Japan, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia (
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<bibRefCitation id="D00C714FF078F988F6AE100F3D6C782A" pageId="0" pageNumber="137">Kment and Jindra 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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