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<document id="3427DDC3863083C2AA3D6A892B5D4025" ENCODING="Cp1252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="070112ba-15a4-4f95-a391-625075ec7d0f" ModsDocAuthor="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L." ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="23490" ModsDocOrigin="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23490/23490.pdf" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomy of Afrotropical and West Palaearctic ants of the ponerine genus Hypoponera Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." checkinTime="1308826820862" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Bolton, B. &amp; Fisher, B. L." docDate="2011" docId="50B9E3805C6E843A46FFA509337BE17E" docLanguage="en" docName="23490_gg0_temp5_treatmentstructure_lsid_dissolve.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2843" docSource="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/23490/23490.pdf" docTitle="Hypoponera eduardi" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="C7AFAB2882DB861B2AC799DC582E378E" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of Afrotropical and West Palaearctic ants of the ponerine genus Hypoponera Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1701311991439" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E9B5080831E4635E291E30386B3F93FF">Taxonomy of Afrotropical and West Palaearctic ants of the ponerine genus Hypoponera Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
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<treatment id="50B9E3805C6E843A46FFA509337BE17E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6191054" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100115045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6191054" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:50B9E3805C6E843A46FFA509337BE17E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/50B9E3805C6E843A46FFA509337BE17E" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection id="F51DF1978370B37AF9C5D550B7DC3CFE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="56F3C25E38E6C2A0FA96D37C3B05F002" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="1EEDFE01D93EE583794FF0552F6531E1" ID-CoL="3NY28" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D1A0989B085B85833BE90F5EC7423F66" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="02F75C4EAC8A14D3AB8D4C249B2C8305" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
(Figs 37
<normalizedToken id="617A279637F9B807B1033795921FC1A6" originalValue="–" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">-</normalizedToken>
39)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9BE3BBD792C0B0CEDE123F4AFFA098B2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="991DF3B33E2C8B50D2724FE1F6FB260C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="6DD10EF75F6AD1930C948A1F21B5B90F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera eduardi Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">Ponera eduardi Forel</taxonomicName>
, 1894: 15. Syntype workers and worker-queen intercastes (ergatoids), ALGERIA: Oran,
<normalizedToken id="677FDFA6B538E4F8B4A6F2ABF1B3A61A" originalValue="Forêt" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Foret</normalizedToken>
de Msila, 1893 (A. Forel) (MHNG) [examined]. [Description of queen and male: Emery, 1895: 61. Description of ergatoid male: Forel, 1904: 421. Combination in
<taxonomicName id="94AA33504C7AC18F4A8787713FF311AB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
: Taylor, 1967: 12.] (See note.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D036672BE1B8D98E2BA070216C55465" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="1D369626D90DECAED49353922A81E816" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138803" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera antipodum Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antipodum">Ponera antipodum Forel</taxonomicName>
, 1895: 43. Holotype queen (not worker, see Brown, 1958: 23), NEW ZEALAND: Rotorua (Brauns) (MHNG) [not seen]. [Junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="7A6C1A6E61893E8C611214FF642DA0B2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera eduardi Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
: Brown, 1958: 23.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2BBBC67BED556CCF86A06076F38193B9" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="CB88073FEEE83CF26C9984229E731E4F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138795" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera dideroti Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dideroti">Ponera dideroti Forel</taxonomicName>
, 1913a: 203. Syntype worker, queen and male, SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Prov., Knysna (as Nynsna in description), no. 159 (H. Brauns) (MHNG) [examined].
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A77D04AA436D655FDE8249D57DCF4BE8" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
[Combination in
<taxonomicName id="A8E5020C5A32AF0A25EEA8E5A9B6D212" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
: Bolton, 1995: 214.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E9F6BA01F40A503129F0468B4DCDAFC5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="DEE952D59F0971D467C59111A85EA0FF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138875" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera opaciceps r. chilensis Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="opaciceps" subSpecies="chilensis">Ponera opaciceps r. chilensis Forel</taxonomicName>
, 1914: 264. Syntype workers, CHILE: Valparaiso (H.-G. Brameld) (MHNG) [examined].
<taxonomicNameLabel id="387E18B834B0B81285654DB30731BCCE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Syn. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
[Combination in
<taxonomicName id="A27C3716EB5C3385967D172B2CBEF9D0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
: Kempf, 1972: 123. Previously junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="9931CBE4BE965AFD1086DAFA171187C8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138873" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera opaciceps Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaciceps">opaciceps</taxonomicName>
: Snelling &amp; Hunt, 1976: 66.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="392F5D72532830256E241CDAA16A2120" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B5C4BF467DC5FC0CC8A274B2C2CF724C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
NOTE. In the original description of
<taxonomicName id="43F0ED367924918E94CB6DDB8CD18FD5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera eduardi Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi Forel</taxonomicName>
described major and minor workers and this nomenclature was repeated by Le Masne (1956). Brown (1958) pointed out that the
<normalizedToken id="521E386682D2C2E2ED70489CEE6AC4C3" originalValue="“" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">&quot;</normalizedToken>
major workers
<normalizedToken id="4AF6ABB2E19A46A848C4FB35D0A3AD28" originalValue="”" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">&quot;</normalizedToken>
referred to by Forel and Le Masne are in fact worker-queen intercastes (= ergatoids) of this species. In the Forel collection (MHNG) a number of specimens from Madeira, collected by E. Schmitz, are labelled as
<normalizedToken id="F8ECE6DA74549DF3E2A434EE5BC99966" originalValue="“types”" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">&quot;types&quot;</normalizedToken>
. This is the material described later by Forel (1904) and is not part of the type-series.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9088FE562FBA803A4F597E408D1852FE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="0C119F6AD251080B98678383E1238105" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
WORKER. Measurements: HL 0.63
<normalizedToken id="1A2C0F492D52B7974776302ADDD7B04C" originalValue="–" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">-</normalizedToken>
0.70, HW 0.54
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0.59, HS 0.615
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0.640, SL 0.47
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0.54, PrW 0.39
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0.46, WL 0.86
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0.91, HFL 0.50
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0.54, PeNL 0.16
<normalizedToken id="F7262C88EDC1E6B6943F3ECFEC44F2F7" originalValue="–" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">-</normalizedToken>
0.18, PeH 0.35
<normalizedToken id="749CA170D99D14CF030C1EB50B019193" originalValue="–" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">-</normalizedToken>
0.44, PeNW 0.28
<normalizedToken id="2E4979C4B37F7D3252F2D95B525E481A" originalValue="–" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">-</normalizedToken>
0.32, PeS 0.277
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0.310 (30 measured). Indices: CI 82
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86, SI 86
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93, PeNI 67
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75, LPeI 39
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47, DPeI 167
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188.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3C2782781329F615FE6C3F7B86AB4B4" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Eyes small but conspicuous, of 1
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7 ommatidia that are irregular in size and may be partially fused, located far forward on the side of the head. Median portion of anterior clypeal margin shallowly convex, not indented. Dorsum of head with a short median impression that terminates just behind the frontal lobes; without a fine impressed line that extends well beyond the midlength of the vertex. Apex of scape, when laid straight back from its insertion in full-face view, touches or slightly exceeds the midpoint of the posterior margin; SL/HL 0.72
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0.78. Reticulate-punctulate sculpture of cephalic dorsum fine and dense. Mesonotal-mesopleural suture sometimes absent but often with a vestige present. Mesopleuron sculptured, densely punctulate-shagreenate to extremely finely striolate everywhere; entirely lacking smooth, unsculptured areas. Metanotal groove conspicuous on dorsum of mesosoma; mesonotum with a well-defined posterior margin. Propodeum bluntly marginate between declivity and sides. Propodeal dorsum minutely reticulate-punctate, usually stronger towards the sides than medially. Side of propodeum, above the spiracle, finely reticulate-punctate. In profile the anterior margination of the mesopleuron angulate behind base of anterior coxa. Petiole in profile with the anterior and posterior faces of the node more or less parallel, at most very weakly convergent close to the dorsal surface. Subpetiolar process in profile without sharp angles anteriorly or posteriorly. In dorsal view the petiole node distinctly broader than long. Maximum width of first gastral tergite in dorsal view less than the width of the second tergite at its midlength. Base of cinctus of second gastral tergite smooth in dorsal view, without cross-ribs dorsally though one or two may occur laterally; descending surface of posttergite that forms the posterior surface of the cinctus sometimes weakly sculptured. Posttergite of second gastral segment, from posterior margin of cinctus to apex, much broader than long. Disc of second gastral tergite finely and densely superficially reticulate-punctulate, appearing microreticulate. Full adult colour dark brown to almost black.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2C07124B6CC1F0D70C019EF0F13D98BC" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="26C20D1D13078BC70166ABCC9200A761" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
The most broadly recognised continuous distribution of this species in the Palaearctic is circum-Mediterranean, then eastwards through Turkey at least to Turkmenistan and adjacent countries and south to Saudi Arabia (Agosti &amp; Collingwood (1987a), Arakelian (1994), Baroni Urbani (1971), Cagniant &amp; Espadaler (1993), Collingwood(1969), Collingwood &amp; Agosti (1996), Dlussky, et al. (1990), Kugler (1988)). Apart from this
<taxonomicName id="7D522452E0AF7B6741082746D2658C02" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera eduardi Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
is also well established on the Macaronesian Atlantic islands of the Azores, Madeira, Canary Is and Cape Verde Is (Hohmann, et al. (1993), Collingwood &amp; van Harten (1993), Espadaler (2007), Wetterer, et al. (2004), Wetterer, et al. (2007)). Its presence in New Zealand has been known for more than a hundred years (Brown (1958), Don (2007))
<pageBreakToken id="0714ADCF865279C411412E546301B3B6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
it is now also known to occur on the Indian Ocean islands of the Comoros, Mauritius,
<normalizedToken id="FC2B8550A7DF129F2017B208F91560CD" originalValue="Réunion" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Reunion</normalizedToken>
and the Seychelles, but in the Afrotropical region it has only been recorded from South Africa. It would appear to be unable to compete with native species in more typically African forest or savannah habitats.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B498B9D02C98CFAB5BE29E2F072FDD5E" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<paragraph id="03D12CCA02BE3056DB1439B93BCCCE86" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
FIGURES 37
<normalizedToken id="10C0BDEB88FC8455CD82A05469FF31AD" originalValue="–" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">-</normalizedToken>
39. Lateral, full face and dorsal view of body.
<taxonomicName id="1A27125FDF65715925177EE44104E1F9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">Hypoponera eduardi</taxonomicName>
worker CASENT0010995.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="290EC28D494A5E5B9084A6CBCE994BB5" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Like other species in the
<taxonomicName id="DB79C5C4178526C9A4352DE6B5017515" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
group,
<taxonomicName id="B3E5358BE68E80F4D37FE96CD0AF3F13" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
produces worker-queen intercastes (ergatoids) as well as alate queens and its dimorphic males consist of an alate and an ergatoid form, although the last has not yet been recorded from New Zealand (Don (2007). The worker-queen intercastes have distinctly larger eyes than the workers(ca 20
<normalizedToken id="5C7E8195D2118AFB40A5703D451E405A" originalValue="–" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">-</normalizedToken>
30 ommatidia) and the ergatoid males have small eyes (7
<normalizedToken id="C0BC0A3558191C2AA9CFC39C8E752165" originalValue="–" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">-</normalizedToken>
8 ommatidia), reduced mandibles and 13-segmented antennae. The polymorphism of both the female and male sexes, and the reproductive biology of
<taxonomicName id="768477A4383C7637CCBC36BBB1F31680" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
, have been documented by Le Masne (1956). He referred to worker-queen intercastes as major workers, following
<pageBreakToken id="0A5CA20C5A4DCCF59594B890D50EBD2A" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" start="start">Forel</pageBreakToken>
(1894), and also noted the presence of a less numerous caste intermediate between workers and intercastes that he termed media workers. The relationship of
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with the Japanese H.
<taxonomicName id="A716E3CD12F82DF4ABF1204058C77210" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:152558" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera nubatama Terayama &amp; Hashimoto" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubatama">nubatama</taxonomicName>
Terayama &amp; Hashimoto (1996) should be investigated as the description and figures of the latter, and the forms of its various castes, are very reminiscent of
<taxonomicName id="EBE8FBEC8C513B2FD684547BAA55F217" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
. Mating behaviour in
<taxonomicName id="1CC7A120FD9AB310E829B803B6098245" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:152558" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera nubatama Terayama &amp; Hashimoto" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubatama">nubatama</taxonomicName>
has been discussed by Yamauchi, et al. (2001).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59AE28966806275AF802DDE61501370E" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4BDD5330D2A7CA252819FCBDFFA0AD6F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.bestMatchDistance="657" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">H. eduardi</taxonomicName>
is related to
<taxonomicName id="195BB685709158D4F22090477B558DFC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
but the workers and intercastes are immediately separated by their mesopleural sculpture, separate ranges of SI and DPeI, and the presence of an elongate, longitudinal, slightly impressed mid-dorsal line on the head of
<taxonomicName id="63B1FA2A39CE8DD0F8199DDC1B152E0F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
. The mesopleuron is completely covered with fine sculpture in
<taxonomicName id="DE70B76A2E10269BAA669A2A3E114302" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
but is smooth in
<taxonomicName id="D4C12C2691F10C5BA07216B42B8EC11F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
. Also, the punctate sculpture of the propodeal dorsum in
<taxonomicName id="FE5AEAF17FBEB4F987EFC149C12FBEB2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
workers is generally somewhat coarser and more dense than that on the pronotal dorsum, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="AF55EB5002C22EBDD19B2783A850E502" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
the punctures of the propodeal dorsum are almost effaced. In addition to sculpture and cephalic groove,
<taxonomicName id="EE2D66BFD6F380E964B09B89D84152CF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
workers have longer scapes and the petiole node in dorsal view is broader. Compare the indices above with punctatissima SI 75
<normalizedToken id="38070F8597ED603698CE50F240CF2B68" originalValue="–" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">-</normalizedToken>
84, SL/HL 0.62
<normalizedToken id="09BE24B9BB3F6753EFC84726841F4164" originalValue="–" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">-</normalizedToken>
0.70, DPeI 140
<normalizedToken id="6279128E0A95BD6A8F6856236D592C3F" originalValue="–" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">-</normalizedToken>
165. For comments on other related species within the group see under
<taxonomicName id="40DA3B71AE04AA5849F5131C666E5954" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29521" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera nivariana (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nivariana">nivariana</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="421CCDE01AD6C7227F7519E1E563BCCC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4FDDA21D8455264365D92FEFD3B8617A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138903" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ragusai Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ragusai">ragusai</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DBD704E3FCE7814CB62A47111F930CFE" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
The ergatoid males of
<taxonomicName id="E3BF25DAC0B6584678652DAADBDF8E3B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="66CE644B3A127FF7409D85D6E5DB2D92" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
are very easily distinguished as in
<taxonomicName id="91519CB9BD746E15B6867EF63BD0B641" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29534" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera punctatissima (Roger)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatissima">punctatissima</taxonomicName>
the head and mandibles are worker-like in shape and the antennae are 12-segmented, with the scape relatively short compared to the worker (SI ca 60
<normalizedToken id="0A280EB91546CD83953F5D5AB0D59469" originalValue="–" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">-</normalizedToken>
72) but relatively very long for a ponerine male. Ergatoid males of
<taxonomicName id="A7C4F4E4553951077E96BCEC4285A464" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
, on the other hand, have a head that is not worker-like, reduced mandibles and 13-segmented antennae, with the scape extremely short, SI ca 25
<normalizedToken id="3106F1C0188045E24575012DF035ECA2" originalValue="–" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">-</normalizedToken>
30.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8608251F4647B0C338493F2D7EF28CB6" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Finally, while discussing the New Zealand fauna, Brown (1958), commented that
<taxonomicName id="25F4C026CFE3019DB63DB3DE86BFAC08" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera opacior (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacior">opacior</taxonomicName>
(Forel, 1893) was,
<normalizedToken id="8C40CC2E6E4FEDBEF8B9A8358CCDDEEB" originalValue="“" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">&quot;</normalizedToken>
difficult if not impossible to separate from
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in the worker and female castes,
<normalizedToken id="3B6E7C320DA89D9EA773A17627920C8F" originalValue="”" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">&quot;</normalizedToken>
and went on to speculate about the synonymy of the two names. Syntypes of
<taxonomicName id="2AF5A578A4272271C0CFC8D3AD4DBA2F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera opacior (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacior">opacior</taxonomicName>
(in MHNG) were examined in the course of this study and directly compared to those of
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. It was concluded that, though related,
<taxonomicName id="320882C4501BCED48CE5F9F5F5CEEB3D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
and
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represent quite different species. In particular, the syntype workers of
<taxonomicName id="789238F3A8AFCCF2480FBD60DBEF1715" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera opacior (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacior">opacior</taxonomicName>
differ from
<taxonomicName id="FBB9CDC51608883B8C6141B51B9B2CFB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
as follows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1598BB40FF304EF4B035AC1676A5B849" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
1 In
<taxonomicName id="53E54ECFF04E050E89424E8169559165" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera opacior (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacior">opacior</taxonomicName>
the mesopleuron is much less densely sculptured, with weak punctulae that are densest on the uppermost and lowermost parts of the sclerite, but almost effaced medially except along the posterior margin; in
<taxonomicName id="1EDAC430C8C0F15E80ACCC4AB9836EC9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
sculpture of the mesopleuron is universal and there are no unsculptured areas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F14092FD6A9252C75B88177CCED31026" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
2 In
<taxonomicName id="E683DD185E3EDCB2AC5F4A668742F918" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera opacior (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacior">opacior</taxonomicName>
the propodeal dorsum is more or less smooth, with almost effaced vestiges of sculpture only; in
<taxonomicName id="69964D518E6316114D7769C8C986AB04" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
the propodeal dorsum is minutely reticulate-punctate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9821D7E1B293922EE74EC600816C3394" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
3 In
<taxonomicName id="9E63EB97FF0112E916AFDD14C935A8CD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera opacior (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacior">opacior</taxonomicName>
the metanotal groove is represented only by a faint vestige across the dorsal mesosoma; in
<taxonomicName id="40C449AB6105A7FFE242D6F9D90FB199" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
it is conspicuous and much more strongly developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E6ADBB70BCA83FF71EB131543B6CE2A" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
4 In
<taxonomicName id="FC2FBF2E6DB99D66E46CFFD1308D4842" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera opacior (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacior">opacior</taxonomicName>
the mesonotal-mesopleural suture is distinct; in
<taxonomicName id="82F22042FF6E6675CB9D4B796A98FCB4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
it is only very weakly present at best, and often is absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="68AC76235D656B4FFC14CAABCD3E1B51" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
5 In
<taxonomicName id="238998E9E68906C07F3D487F692BFECA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera opacior (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacior">opacior</taxonomicName>
the maximum width of the first gastral tergite in dorsal view is equal to or slightly greater than the width of the second tergite at its midlength; in
<taxonomicName id="AD25662F5BF56D1C6E28C1839ED163AD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
the maximum width of the first gastral tergite in dorsal view is less than the width of the second tergite at its midlength.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16C7D6946F23555659F77997FD2E88C3" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
6 In
<taxonomicName id="B44C661331F6CD9E9DBBC9E9FF12C6BF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera opacior (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacior">opacior</taxonomicName>
the petiole has LPeI 34
<normalizedToken id="2FC424A264784B5EEB40746C378C325F" originalValue="–" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">-</normalizedToken>
37, DPeI 188
<normalizedToken id="0E13A65F14BB5AD28FAC9C085FCB0202" originalValue="–" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">-</normalizedToken>
213; in
<taxonomicName id="889FB7342466C3A7EA968EC616BB2EFC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
LPeI 39
<normalizedToken id="C47F7D1D5D8FA4120B352D8A6DDF4178" originalValue="–" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">-</normalizedToken>
47, DPeI 167
<normalizedToken id="4D0BA08F3951E069798C2C3B29D801B7" originalValue="–" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">-</normalizedToken>
188.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F84E16CDE4192D1F581EDBE3F06411A" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="76C503B20148AF32AA6B4884AB3FA6BE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera opacior (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacior">H. opacior</taxonomicName>
is apparently widely distributed in the New World (e.g. Kempf, 1972; Smith, D.R., 1979). No specimens attributable to
<taxonomicName id="E19A3F48E2E5AE852AAECE348ED10D2A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29524" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera opacior (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacior">opacior</taxonomicName>
have been seen in this study from the Afrotropical or West Palaearctic regions. However, an examination of the syntypes of
<taxonomicName id="151DA47E93FF75089CE7EB9AE44D6F20" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138875" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera opaciceps r. chilensis Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="opaciceps" subSpecies="chilensis">opaciceps chilensis</taxonomicName>
(MHNG) revealed that they were indistinguishable from the syntypes of
<taxonomicName id="C710752F37CC4096974D1ADAB32468C1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
in any way, and therefore the name
<taxonomicName id="3350AC291E087DFD250FF2EA2D0E2062" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230124" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera chilensis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">chilensis</taxonomicName>
has been transferred from the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="D37B8608AC8FADD8F7691BA9AC819F44" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138873" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera opaciceps Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opaciceps">opaciceps</taxonomicName>
to the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="08B6CB3E274FFAAE5DDF38AD0035129D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
. The establishment of this identity indicates that the tramping ability of
<taxonomicName id="FE95F1E29FA1DF1DF8126051E691991B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29472" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera eduardi (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eduardi">eduardi</taxonomicName>
extends to the New World.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="174EEFD6C094EA16E4F316C2EC838B89" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9E881BAA9E45720E26A3A8A731D92367" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Material examined. Spain: Murcia, no loc. (H. Franz). Gibraltar: (J.J. Walker). Portugal: Porto, Leca de Palmeira (Abraham &amp; Horacsek). Italy: Imperia, Ospedaletti (H. Donisthorpe); Naples (coll. F. Smith); Sardinia, Isolotto (coll. Poldi); Sicily, Lago Il Biviere, sud-est di Gela (G. M a r i a n a); Sicily, Palermo (H. Donisthorpe). Greece: Beotie,
<normalizedToken id="55D74AFC79C06EE4F0218B1760C5FD6D" originalValue="Thèbe" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Thebe</normalizedToken>
, lac Iliki (A. Senglet); Rhodes (Cl. Besuchet); Rhodes, Petaloudes (Cl. Besuchet); Cyprus, Stroumbi (Cl. Besuchet). Turkey: Antakya, Hanbiye (Besuchet &amp;
<normalizedToken id="C831C6326B1BA18945F01D4FD2BC70EB" originalValue="Löbl" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Loebl</normalizedToken>
); Istanbul (Fiaccadori); S. Coastlands, Harbiye(C. Kosswig). Iran: loc. illegible (Senglet). Morocco:
<normalizedToken id="67609FDCC74D0435A78CF6B6ED64FC33" originalValue="Oulmès" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Oulmes</normalizedToken>
env. (J. Kalab). Algeria: Oran,
<normalizedToken id="0038E64602154E139079FD127BFE6021" originalValue="Forêt" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Foret</normalizedToken>
de Msila (A. Forel); Gde Kabylie, Djebel Bou-Berak (Besuchet,
<normalizedToken id="E2704E76373AEEC502C5AB4BB5FD27C7" originalValue="Löbl" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Loebl</normalizedToken>
&amp; Burckhardt). Azores Is: Ponta Delgada (A. Schatzmayr). Cape Verde Is: Nicolau, Mte Gordo (Lindberg) Madeira I.: Palheira (E. Schmitz); Jardim da Serra (S. Vit); no loc. (Wo l l a s t o n). Canary Is: Tenerife, Anaga, Pico del
<normalizedToken id="9CBC64B943BA682415E0478455158EE0" originalValue="Inglés" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ingles</normalizedToken>
(R. Sciaky). Comoros: Moheli, Ouallah (Fisher, et al.).
<normalizedToken id="34AD2884D304E5B035BF0D189BDB366D" originalValue="Réunion" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Reunion</normalizedToken>
I.: Cirque de Salazie, S Piton
<normalizedToken id="5354B4C96934C29AAB420B7575DE7878" originalValue="d’Enchaing" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">d'Enchaing</normalizedToken>
(Zoia &amp; Polesi); Mare Longue (Fisher, et al.); Maido
<pageBreakToken id="9EAF670835D990DD6E9DFBAC0FAC4C7C" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
Fisher, et al.); Les Makes (Fisher, et al.); Grande Chaloupe (Fisher, et al.); Circe de Mafate (Fisher, et al.). Mauritius: Brise Mt, Bambous (Fisher, et al.); Ile aux Aigrettes (Fisher, et al.); Cocotte Mt (Fisher, et al.); Le Pouce Mt, Moka Range (Fisher, et al.). Seychelles: Silhouette I., Jardin Marron (J. Gerlach); Silhouette I., Corgot-Cocos Marron Ridge (J. Gerlach);
<normalizedToken id="1FA5D5A2B350EF7646DCBAE21A486BF1" originalValue="Mahé" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Mahe</normalizedToken>
, Roche Caiman (J. Gerlach). South Africa: Cape Prov., Knysna (H. Brauns); W. Cape Prov., Table Mtn, Newlands Forest (H.J. Ratsirarson); W. Cape Prov., Table Mtn, Orange Kloof
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F0CD1FF51CFB714C1C433BB51D198D3D" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="subSpecies">N.R.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(B.L. Fisher); Cape of Good Hope, Platboombaai (S. Zoia). New Zealand: MC Christchurch, Halswell (P.M. H a m - mond). Chile: Valparaiso (H.-G. Brameld).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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