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203 lines
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<document id="238B78368211FE521CD29A929FEAC3D3" ID-CLB-Dataset="33463" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9884f9b2-091d-4f9a-9284-b2e78a5e6c30" ID-PMC="PMC5240373" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-639-1" ID-PubMed="28138281" ID-ZooBank="BB23AA3FDD9E42CE92F737E047AE80C7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-639-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 639" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species" checkinTime="1481618735599" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Achterberg, Cornelis & Shaw, Mark R." docDate="2016" docId="E56300AA92222BD82E5D1CAFB9F0EEF6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 639: 1-164" docOrigin="ZooKeys 639" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893" docTitle="Aleiodes circumscriptus Nees 1834" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="1A60FFDC4008240EFF9E5829510DDB79" masterDocTitle="Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1701380682329" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="16EE0222AA8A652DE9C96F594084916A">
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<mods:title id="785B136474B147857EEFB05CEF59E314">Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="81366607036451A8C482F77B2110DBF3" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8BD10E181D7BF362C5CBB69B511EE954">van Achterberg, Cornelis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="40A8266B4CA8C05CFFBB64B66BF7C727" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3CBC1538D7EB95F592C7682AA91456A5">Shaw, Mark R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7084BE889F00223FCF4366C21F530A03">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DB369E427810169E76D9DFD7AEB010D8">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="04F28B7FFF12BD01D7D5C9651BE3AD57">
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<mods:date id="ECD00F36622884AD3A36B21A42055537">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F1460BA45F6C38AE199F90A661AFD0CC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="11F9D53CC5952E79605F07C103A1980F">639</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="A08BBBE8F8CCF235DE14192EA9F31244">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="085E00BC3205BC40CC944CEC0609CCB4">164</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="D25BA3AF04F9B4D7042B6EEE73144734">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="A0EFD0028244DDED94CB7426596C60C6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="81509942CB643D02FEFA3D3E83D460F8" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6F911396226352E94E3BC2C89332C97A" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-639-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="E56300AA92222BD82E5D1CAFB9F0EEF6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902460" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E56300AA92222BD82E5D1CAFB9F0EEF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E56300AA92222BD82E5D1CAFB9F0EEF6" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="7CBDF4F92D12EB8A83A0C2EA22E1AAF9" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1AD678D153C80FA0AF2D54CF9D3D224F" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="C55C2E171A5075F8DBD3A7D910D16E23" ID-CoL="5TVJS" authority="Nees, 1834" authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes circumscriptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">
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<pageBreakToken id="D57A93141136B9571A46511FCA63824A" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="start">Aleiodes</pageBreakToken>
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circumscriptus (Nees, 1834)
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 125-126, 127-137
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="88EC433FB78D4BE3F6C75D554A98FFFA" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2234D939CA45AC71E76078119BC8CFAC" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="EB3A9C39C5AB27DB42EF69426D092617" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas circumscriptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">Rogas circumscriptus</taxonomicName>
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Nees, 1834: 216 (syntypes lost).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A62FDE0ECC9FA676BA5E8F33706874C3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName id="649EC73F9FB86E2D95C2D9744CBF3F2D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes circumscriptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">Aleiodes circumscriptus</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="B1D4869ADFCE3707D81F51D91989673B" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 1170-1171 (p.p.);
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<bibRefCitation id="3477CD8C58D511AAB07BE41D9351CF2A" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Magyarorszag Allatvilaga [Fauna Hungariae]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 122" title="Parasitic wasps of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Braconidae. 18. Doryctinae. 19. Rogadinae." volume="167" year="1991">Papp 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: 113 (p.p.);
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<bibRefCitation id="8220205C8C0C1C0EC603F8AA42311448" author="Belokobylskij, SA" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="341 - 435" title="Checklist of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Germany." volume="53" year="2003">Belokobylskij et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 398.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3D0010003CE7D34FAEF42D23236BBA1F" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="00EEAE8220C50805E12CCF826AA2650C" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="07A42A37E32B37306E087ECC35DEDDC0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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Neotype here designated, ♀ (NMS, Edinburgh), "[Scotland], Rowardennan, Stirlings.,
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<taxonomicName id="8E77F022FFCF3887AC4493608BD132A3" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hypena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypena proboscidalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proboscidalis">Hypena proboscidalis</taxonomicName>
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[on]
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<taxonomicName id="46392B4303156F2E7ED509897281663E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urtica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Urtica" order="Rosales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Urtica</taxonomicName>
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, 2.ix.[19]89, mum. 17.iv.[19]90, em. 10.vi.[19]90, M.R. Shaw (♀ 2 in 1990 Expts)".
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DD3228493A97E6BD0BE344B71A1C7D4" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="672C6D8F1858DFA3272C400D5B0F5D89" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="01BE29E3E16C31E6DF084F116A9A1BCD" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Widespread in western Europe: *Austria, Belgium, British Isles (England: V.C.s 1, 3, 4, 11, 12, 14, 17, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64; Wales: V.C. 52; Scotland: V.C.s 72, 77, 84, 86, 87, 89, 99, 111; Ireland: Co. Cork), Bulgaria, Czech Republic, *Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, *Lichtenstein, Netherlands (FL: Lelystad (Oostvaardersplassen), FR: Ried, GE: Heerde; Tongeren; Brummen (Voorstonden), LI: Kerkrade; St. Pietersberg; Tegelen; Wrakelberg, NB: Bergen op Zoom, ZH: Asperen; Waarder; Lexmond), Norway, Spain, Slovakia, *Sweden. Specimens in NMS, BMNH, OUM, BZL, RMNH, MTMA, ZSSM, ZISP, World Museum Liverpool, CNC, USNM, UWIM, M. Riedel collection, H. Schnee collection, MSC, JLCWAE, and I. Kakko collection.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8655524E42E7B6F809526EF5386F3D8B" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="molecular data">
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<paragraph id="F63C8C019BAAF3C398F43E69E0E915F8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Molecular data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DF1E775548220B9207CFE8E8888393D8" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">MRS062 (England EU979579, CO1 + KU682264, 28S), MRS073 (England KU682256, CO1), MRS074 (England KU682220, CO1).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="236F02B9DDBE9BAC8CC5C517FD076DAE" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="F06090C36822F8532BCB86C34D0EF7D5" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4A480262A125EC2F28F735906EB9E56F" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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Plurivoltine parasitoid of larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="D8A1F6375C8D5B11A79E59384EAF7543" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hypena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypena proboscidalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proboscidalis">Hypena proboscidalis</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus, 1758) (
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<taxonomicName id="8979D4E42BF70714039EF45A7B66739A" family="Erebidae" lsidName="" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4A4DD82F6DA4338CD8D7B1B8FD55297B" lsidName="" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hypeninae">Hypeninae</taxonomicName>
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), overwintering in the host larva. Mummy (Fig. 15) brown and moderately slender. Specimens (in NMS unless indicated) reared from
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<taxonomicName id="26A55AD4A051B68D0D5B78FCDE671C96" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hypena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypena proboscidalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proboscidalis">Hypena proboscidalis</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) (15 [1 BMNH, 1 OUM, 1 AAC, 3 H. Schnee collection]; A.A. Allen, G.M. Haggett, A. Hawkins, R.J. Heckford, S. Ratering, M.R. Shaw). It may be an absolute specialist on
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<taxonomicName id="AFD2188C7819164FA4C98E9B5C833C2B" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hypena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypena proboscidalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proboscidalis">Hypena proboscidalis</taxonomicName>
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; related species that similarly feed on
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<taxonomicName id="7C4A6ECAEB249C5C495921C35DE32745" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urtica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Urtica" order="Rosales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Urtica</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="CC7157F891AAA29CED6A8001F6626296" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hypena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypena obsitalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsitalis">Hypena obsitalis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken id="C5E144958A670084C65F51E905791CBB" originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="3F4F39BFD3E9EDB797E3505361061AB2" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hypena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypena obesalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesalis">Hypena obesalis</taxonomicName>
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(Treitschke)) overwinter as adults and would not (by themselves) be capable of supporting the
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<normalizedToken id="AC6B65C4A5189E4F27686E971474BF37" originalValue="parasitoid’s">parasitoid's</normalizedToken>
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annual life cycle: indeed, it has been absent from several large collections of
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<taxonomicName id="8621D0938A1C8CCC746026F4712BC656" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hypena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypena obesalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesalis">Hypena obesalis</taxonomicName>
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made in various localities in the Alps (M.R. Shaw). The oviposition sequence (observations from two females, and
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<taxonomicName id="3B832C46C2B42BF5A9B05043EBFA43D1" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hypena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypena proboscidalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proboscidalis">Hypena proboscidalis</taxonomicName>
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) is abnormal in that there is no separate pre-oviposition sting inducing temporary paralysis, nor is there a post-oviposition period of association. The host is scarcely antennated, but quickly recognised and pounced upon or snatched with the front two pairs of legs, and held aligned with the
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<normalizedToken id="8ABB011E18AD25921355EBA0F13C4F5A" originalValue="parasitoids’s">parasitoids's</normalizedToken>
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body while the ovipositor is inserted for a prolonged period - sometimes there are several insertions, with self-superparasitism then often occurring. The egg is strongly attached to internal organs (gut and malpighian tubules both observed) at its narrow end. Because of subsequent disease in the stock, it is not possible to give quantitative results, but it appeared that enthusiastic attack on fourth instar hosts resulted in oviposition but no development, and that only earlier instar hosts were suitable. Mummification takes place on the
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<normalizedToken id="D41B3027E3BD9D44A5A9441D883FE6C5" originalValue="host’s">host's</normalizedToken>
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food plant, usually in a semi-concealed position.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9A2C0ED543CBF64FE01B034E8FED5210" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1DA5149E684CEA62AD2002353FB60971" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="07D15677C1ED94B067C39A6A39ABBF96" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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Antennal segments of female 42-47, of male 42-46; fore femur of ♀ 5.4-5.7
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<normalizedToken id="BA188C14B9203189A45C14A7750A29AA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide (Fig. 131) and hardly sculptured, but of ♂ slenderer; scapus and pedicellus (yellowish) brown ventrally; temples directly narrowed behind eyes; precoxal area frequently with some rugae or rugulae; propodeum distinctly transversally rugose medially and median carina largely absent on posterior half of propodeum or irregular; posterior half of pterostigma of female largely dark brown; ivory part of malar space usually reaching clypeus (Fig. 134); mesosternum more or less blackish or dark brown, rarely completely reddish; hind femur of ♀ rather reddish brown, but may be largely infuscate in ♂; OOL about equal to diameter of posterior ocellus (Fig.
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<pageBreakToken id="CC6BAE53F13304DEBBAD6AEACBFEC41A" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" start="start">136</pageBreakToken>
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); vein 1-CU1 of fore wing horizontal and vein cu-a short (Fig. 127); antenna dark brown or black (but scape below usually paler than face; Fig. 134), rarely completely yellowish brown; mesosoma black(ish) dorsally, especially mesoscutum and scutellum (but notaulic area may be brownish posteriorly); metasoma largely blackish with (pale) yellowish elliptical patch medially (Fig. 129). Similar to
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<taxonomicName id="14CDA540D862FBD58F602D86E035BA84" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigricornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricornis">Aleiodes nigricornis</taxonomicName>
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Wesmael, 1838, which (like many
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<taxonomicName id="3075FE546A1AE6558049D69BE143E701" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes circumscriptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">Aleiodes circumscriptus</taxonomicName>
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) has the mesoscutum usually without light markings, but
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<taxonomicName id="3C9FB045957FA502711D24A7B1E7AD97" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nigricornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricornis">Aleiodes nigricornis</taxonomicName>
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has the fore femur more slender (6.7-7.4
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<normalizedToken id="E50F54325EC97D85A963309B77D9E9BA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide) and very finely sculptured, the scapus and the pedicellus more or less infuscate or black ventrally, the precoxal area usually without rugae, the propodeum largely coriaceous medially and the median carina at least anteriorly present on posterior half of propodeum and regular, the posterior half of the pterostigma of female more or less yellowish, but usually apical third laterally darkened, the pale yellowish part of the malar space usually not reaching the clypeus and the mesosternum usually reddish or brownish.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="A50A773D1935A0DE82187586BAE14B7A" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<paragraph id="7762924F7C76ACAA90EF01A634BEE9D6" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Figures 125-126.
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<taxonomicName id="F9953E2F19497AE5CEDE8B2A4023FF70" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes circumscriptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">Aleiodes circumscriptus</taxonomicName>
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(Nees), ♀, neotype. 125 habitus lateral 126 mummy of
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<taxonomicName id="C310ECB2DB3B97DFE5CE45921466948A" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hypena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypena proboscidalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proboscidalis">Hypena proboscidalis</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="62D68A9627534C01A873988EAB94B635" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<paragraph id="2DCDC768557982A2106DAB5E2401ED09" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Figures 127-137.
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<taxonomicName id="6DD51B3949ECCEC437D54AA7A5F898E5" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes circumscriptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumscriptus">Aleiodes circumscriptus</taxonomicName>
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(Nees), ♀, neotype. 127 wings 128 mesosoma lateral 129 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 130 hind leg lateral 131 fore femur lateral 132 antenna 133 apical segments of antenna 134 head anterior 135 head lateral 136 head dorsal 137 basal segments of antenna.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="64F181588511B886EAFB5C7623B16A46" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BC3670FD8A24B5CE35EA3B08E05F8721" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="352F267CFBF7E609C6EB6CA3400F8788" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Neotype, ♀, length of fore wing 4.9 mm, of body 5.3 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9957798918EE4F34B57A71E64EEAE357" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Head. Antennal segments 46, length of antenna 1.3
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<normalizedToken id="B6D04171E1A32ED121FD2BA1B13ED311" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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fore wing, its subapical segments about 1.6
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<normalizedToken id="F489E470F2126C4D334D099BBE072532" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide; frons coriaceous and posteriorly rugulose, weakly shiny; OOL equal to diameter of posterior ocellus and coriaceous; vertex coriaceous, with satin sheen; clypeus moderately convex, coriaceous; ventral margin of clypeus thick and depressed (Fig. 134); width of hypoclypeal depression 0.4
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<normalizedToken id="B1F973DB5E282D296E4461D54BD5CD57" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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minimum width of face (Fig. 134) and face mainly coriaceous with some rugae dorsally; length of eye 3.2
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<normalizedToken id="660D4678B5919BAD33DBA08FD8018BDE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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temple in dorsal view and temple directly narrowed behind eye; occiput behind stemmaticum coriaceous and occipital carina nearly complete, interrupted dorsally by somewhat less than width of ocellus (Fig. 136); clypeus partly above lower level of eyes (Fig. 134); length of malar space 0.4
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<normalizedToken id="F96E778A3BE6F86AA44DD7C37232201B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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height of eye in lateral view; eyes moderately protruding (Fig. 136).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A348089A8C5E30F2FF61F0FA5AD77F0E" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Mesosoma. Mesoscutal lobes largely coriaceous, matt, but medio-posteriorly with a few longitudinal rugae; notauli narrow, shallow and crenulate, but posterior half absent; prepectal carina lamelliform medio-ventrally, reaching anterior border; precoxal area of mesopleuron coriaceous and with some rugae medially; mesopleuron above precoxal area (except large smooth and shiny speculum) coriaceous, but dorsally rugose; medially metapleuron coriaceous, matt; mesosternal sulcus narrow and rather deep, with carina posteriorly; mesosternum rather angulate posteriorly; scutellum nearly flat, coriaceous and largely non-carinate laterally; propodeum rather flat and coriaceous but posteriorly with some rugae, median carina present but absent on posterior half, without tubercles.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B59AE1688BB57AF987BC480A78E2794D" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Wings. Fore wing: r 0.2
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<normalizedToken id="648DEEB73779FE90423E36000066D8C5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-SR (Fig. 127); 1-CU1 horizontal, 0.5
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<normalizedToken id="1A2C7210D0E950ABEEEC27E5E84D5543" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as 2-CU1; r-m 0.6
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<normalizedToken id="676793473C77CEC788551545F6DF78E1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-SR, and 0.4
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<normalizedToken id="324C88FF2623F6F2B274EAEF9F36D0E6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-SR; second submarginal cell medium-sized (Fig. 127); cu-a vertical, not parallel with CU1b, straight; 1-M nearly straight posteriorly. Hind wing: apical half of marginal cell parallel-sided or nearly so (Fig. 127); 2-SC+R short and longitudinal; short stub of m-cu present, unpigmented.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4445898FCA6401EA14F7E05575E79F3F" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Legs. Tarsal claws setose; hind coxa superficially coriaceous, with satin sheen; hind trochantellus 2.3
|
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<normalizedToken id="BFEB45479989B1269472E214E9B5EE8F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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longer than wide; length of fore and hind femora 5.7 and 4.3
|
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<normalizedToken id="6AF25A34DE85279592E63658AC6575ED" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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their width, respectively (Figs 130-131); inner apex of hind tibia without comb; length of inner hind spur 0.3
|
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<normalizedToken id="533FBD120F0CED9E7B2883D6520B43B2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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hind basitarsus.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="9989B85C7D8CD38A16D7B2E98B8708E6" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
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<pageBreakToken id="DF5152B3E8734B5D3D89B00272579E47" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" start="start">Metasoma</pageBreakToken>
|
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. First tergite as long as wide posteriorly, flattened and latero-posteriorly lamelliform; first tergite coriaceous and finely irregularly longitudinally rugose; second tergite robust (Fig. 129), without distinct median carina, with satin sheen and superficially rugulose; medio-basal area of second tergite absent; second suture shallow and largely crenulate; basal half of third tergite indistinctly rugulose, remainder of metasoma largely superficially coriaceous and rather shiny; fourth and apical third of third tergite without sharp lateral crease; ovipositor sheath largely densely setose.
|
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|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="96287A232ABBC8AC2AACFA0BAA5E867F" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Colour. Black or brownish black; antenna brown, but scapus dorsally and laterally dark brown; palpi, malar space up to eyes, mandible, tegulae, fore and middle coxae, trochanters and trochantelli, bases of fore and middle femora, medio-apical fifth of first tergite, medially second tergite and medio-basal patch of third tergite pale yellowish (Fig. 129); orbita (except latero-ventrally) brownish yellow (Figs 134-136) and remainder of head dark brown; mesopleuron ventrally yellowish brown with darker mesosternum; hind femur (except basally) fuzzy brown (Fig. 130), remainder of legs brownish yellow; veins and pterostigma (except yellow basal 0.4 and apex) dark brown; border between dark and pale part of pterostigma fairly sharp, contrasting with each other (Fig. 127); wing membrane subhyaline.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E2A6C019495A26E1C56A254512CEC1B9" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Variation. Length of fore wing 4.5-5.0 mm; antennal segments of ♀: 42(1), 43(1), 44(17), 45(46), 46(28), 47(4); of ♂: 42(13), 43(30), 44(38), 45(25), 46(1); notauli absent posteriorly or shallowly impressed; mesoscutum sometimes with weak diffuse reddish colouration posteriorly, along notaulic courses; orbita sometimes completely yellowish; mesosternum varying from (frequently) almost black, and then strongly contrasting with the reddish lower third of the mesopleuron, to reddish brown; median carina of propodeum sometimes traceable to posterior margin.</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
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<subSubSection id="5A66CE38AB5A595BFA8CED112A056F0B" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="notes">
|
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<paragraph id="398214D5835ACB92F1950FDB8ED27F33" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Note.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="298D5097DED966AFFFE742B19C00D53A" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Males have on average about one fewer antennal segment than females.</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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|
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</treatment>
|
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</document>
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