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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788570" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8094be38-8ec7-4cd1-89b2-0173f551d554" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750512" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788570" ID-ZooBank="F4D24A8D-3EBF-4688-910D-413E328F92BF" approvalRequired="22" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="22" checkinTime="1587982620088" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schmidt, Christian &amp; Anweiler, Gary" docDate="2010" docId="03D7D51E9C63E618FF0EFE3EFC140C27" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2174.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 39 (39)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@258e5601" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Charadra oligarchia Dyar 1916" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="172" masterDocId="FFEEAD669C66E613FF82FFA2FFAF082A" masterDocTitle="The North American species of Charadra Walker, with a revision of the Charadra pata (Druce) group (Noctuidae, Pantheinae)" masterLastPageNumber="181" masterPageNumber="161" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" updateTime="1643563573501" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The North American species of Charadra Walker, with a revision of the Charadra pata (Druce) group (Noctuidae, Pantheinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Christian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Anweiler, Gary</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Alberta Strickland Entomology Museum ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2010-03-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>39</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>39</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>161</mods:start>
<mods:end>181</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.39.432</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">8094be38-8ec7-4cd1-89b2-0173f551d554</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576639</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F4D24A8D-3EBF-4688-910D-413E328F92BF</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788570" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788570" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7D51E9C63E618FF0EFE3EFC140C27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D7D51E9C63E618FF0EFE3EFC140C27" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="166" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,447,412,474]" box="[140,447,412,440]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<heading box="[140,447,412,440]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" reason="3">
<taxonomicName authority="Dyar" authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1916" box="[140,447,412,440]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligarchia">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,383,412,439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Charadra oligarchia</emphasis>
Dyar
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,447,412,474]" box="[140,250,448,474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Figs 3, 13</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[140,545,519,545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,545,519,545]" box="[140,545,519,545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[140,545,519,545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<treatmentCitation author="Dyar HG" box="[140,540,519,545]" page="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" year="1916">
<taxonomicName authority="Dyar, 1916: 19" authorityName="Dyar" authorityPageNumber="19" authorityYear="1916" box="[140,540,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligarchia">
<emphasis box="[140,357,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Charadra oligarchia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Dyar HG" box="[365,540,519,545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref9470" refString="Dyar HG (1916) Descriptions of new Lepidoptera from Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 51: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="1916">Dyar, 1916: 19</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="166" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,589,1073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,312,589,615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis box="[140,198,589,615]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" reason="1">Type</emphasis>
material.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608938004" collectionCode="USNM" country="Mexico" elevation="2743" location="Mill" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guerrero" typeStatus="holotype">
Type locality: “
<collectingRegion box="[489,594,589,615]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7D51E9C63E618FF0EFE3EFC140C27:8EA132D39C63E616FDD8FDEFFD220A4D" box="[602,653,589,615]" country="Mexico" name="Mill" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" stateProvince="Guerrero">Mill</location>
,
<collectingRegion box="[666,761,589,615]" country="Mexico" name="Hidalgo" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Hidalgo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[774,861,589,615]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity box="[873,983,589,615]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7432" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" unit="ft" value="9000.0">
<elevation box="[873,983,589,615]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7432" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" unit="ft" value="9000.0">9000 feet</elevation>
</quantity>
”
<typeStatus box="[1000,1107,589,615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Holotype</typeStatus>
♁.
<collectionCode box="[173,262,624,650]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
; examined.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="166" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,589,1073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,312,659,685]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis box="[185,307,659,685]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Superficially similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[582,701,659,686]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cakulha">
<emphasis box="[582,701,659,686]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">C. cakulha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="in Druce" authorityYear="1894" box="[759,842,660,686]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pata">
<emphasis box="[759,842,660,686]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">C. pata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Th e contrastingly pale outer third of the forewing is similar only to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[669,791,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cakulha">
<emphasis box="[669,791,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">C. cakulha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1916" box="[856,998,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligarchia">
<emphasis box="[856,998,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">C. oligarchia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is darker overall; internally, the male vesica has the two cornuti placed at the base of the vesica, one massive, one small, whereas
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[514,635,765,792]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cakulha">
<emphasis box="[514,635,765,792]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">C. cakulha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two lateral, symmetrical cornuti that are fused to the aedeagus. See also ‘Diagnosis” of
<taxonomicName authorityName="in Druce" authorityYear="1894" box="[696,777,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pata">
<emphasis box="[696,777,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">C. pata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="166" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,589,1073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,491,835,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis box="[185,336,835,861]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
and biology.
</emphasis>
Known only from
<collectingRegion box="[708,811,836,862]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
Mill,
<collectingCountry box="[881,968,835,861]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. Possibly associated with dry oak woodlands at higher elevations, as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[797,878,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapa">
<emphasis box="[797,878,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">C. tapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[931,1100,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">
<emphasis box="[931,1100,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">C. franclemonti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="166" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,589,1073]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,294,906,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis box="[185,289,906,932]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" reason="1">Remarks</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
As discussed in the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName authorityName="in Druce" authorityYear="1894" box="[636,713,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pata">
<emphasis box="[636,713,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">C. pata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1916" box="[725,856,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligarchia">
<emphasis box="[725,856,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">C. oligarchia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="in Druce" authorityYear="1894" box="[908,985,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pata">
<emphasis box="[908,985,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">C. pata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be the same species, but lack of specimens of each taxon of the corresponding sex prevents further comparison; however, the
<taxonomicName authorityName="in Druce" authorityYear="1894" box="[432,478,977,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pata">
<emphasis box="[432,478,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">pata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[487,582,976,1002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">holotype</typeStatus>
differs slightly in wing markings, and the type localities of the two species are in different mountain ranges separated by several hundred kilometers, so we treat both as distinct taxa until more study material becomes available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,982,1152,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,748,1152,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<taxonomicName authority="Anweiler &amp; Schmidt" authorityName="Anweiler &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[140,671,1152,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,417,1152,1179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis box="[140,257,1152,1179]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" reason="1">Charadra</emphasis>
franclemonti
</emphasis>
Anweiler &amp; Schmidt
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[683,748,1152,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<uri box="[140,982,1187,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid box="[416,982,1187,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">96EEB202-1A0F-4474-BFB3-6DA50BDF0BAE</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,982,1152,1249]" box="[140,324,1222,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Figs 5, 6, 23, 30</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="5.[140,1108,1292,1673]" lastBlockId="6.[140,1108,166,1672]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,310,1293,1319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis box="[140,198,1293,1319]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" reason="1">Type</emphasis>
material.
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608938008" collectorName="C. Schmidt &amp; B. Walsh." country="United States of America" county="Cochise Co." latitude="31.93" location="Cochise Co." longLatPrecision="728" longitude="-109.27" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[315,428,1293,1319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<typeStatus box="[315,428,1293,1319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
♁ –
<collectingCountry box="[477,700,1293,1320]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
. “
<collectingCountry box="[719,779,1293,1319]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingCounty box="[788,925,1293,1319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Cochise Co.</collectingCounty>
[County] Chirica / hua Mtns [Mountains]. Pinery Cyn [Canyon] cmpgd [campground] /
<geoCoordinate box="[1018,1108,1328,1354]" degrees="31.93" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" precision="555" value="31.93">31.93N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[140,249,1364,1390]" degrees="109.27" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" precision="555" value="-109.27">109.27W</geoCoordinate>
6500’ / 5-VIII-08 pine/oak/riparian / MV lt.
<collectorName box="[806,941,1363,1390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">C. Schmidt</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[988,1093,1363,1389]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">B.Walsh.</collectorName>
”
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608937996" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="Deposited" country="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
“
<typeStatus box="[149,306,1399,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
/ C
<emphasis box="[352,581,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
haradra
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[445,581,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">franclemonti</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
/ Anweiler &amp; Schmidt” [red label].
<collectorName box="[991,1107,1399,1425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Deposited</collectorName>
in
<collectionCode box="[170,237,1434,1460]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">CNC</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608937992" collectionCode="CNC, CUIC, USNM, UASM" collectorName="Deposited" country="United States of America" location="United States" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="8" stateProvince="Arizona" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[248,385,1434,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
<typeStatus box="[248,363,1434,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Paratypes</typeStatus>
–
</emphasis>
22 ♁,
<specimenCount box="[462,499,1434,1461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
[
<collectionCode box="[513,582,1434,1460]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">CNC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[593,668,1434,1460]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sxrc-6x8s" name="Cornell University Insect Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" type="University or college">CUIC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[681,770,1434,1460]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode box="[781,869,1433,1460]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34404" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34404" name="University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">UASM</collectionCode>
].
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7D51E9C63E618FF0EFE3EFC140C27:8EA132D39C63E616FCF4FA38FBBD0D9E" box="[886,1042,1434,1460]" country="United States of America" name="United States" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" stateProvince="Arizona">United States</location>
:
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Arizona</collectingRegion>
: same data as holotype (18 ♁,
<specimenCount box="[541,578,1469,1496]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608937999" collectingDate="1967-08-07" collectorName="J. G. Franclemont" country="United States of America" county="Cochise Co." location="East Turkey Creek" municipality="Chiricahua Mtns" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCounty box="[602,743,1469,1495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Cochise Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[756,952,1469,1496]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Chiricahua Mtns</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7D51E9C63E618FF0EFE3EFC140C27:8EA132D39C63E616FC46FA1CFF600DD0" country="United States of America" county="Cochise Co." municipality="Chiricahua Mtns" name="East Turkey Creek" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">East Turkey Creek</location>
6400’,
<date box="[295,439,1504,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" value="1967-08-07">
<collectingDate box="[295,439,1504,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" value="1967-08-07">7 Aug. 1967</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[452,658,1504,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">J. G. Franclemont</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount box="[677,713,1504,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608938000" collectingDate="1966-09-21" collectorName="J. G. Franclemont" country="United States of America" county="Cochise Co." location="Cave Creek Canyon" municipality="Chiricahua Mtns." pageId="5" pageNumber="166" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCounty box="[737,879,1504,1530]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Cochise Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[891,1096,1504,1531]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Chiricahua Mtns.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7D51E9C63E618FF0EFE3EFC140C27:8EA132D39C63E616FF0EF9A6FEDD0E34" box="[140,370,1539,1566]" country="United States of America" county="Cochise Co." municipality="Chiricahua Mtns." name="Cave Creek Canyon" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Cave Creek Canyon</location>
, 5400’,
<date box="[460,621,1539,1566]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" value="1966-09-21">
<collectingDate box="[460,621,1539,1566]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" value="1966-09-21">21 Sept. 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[632,839,1539,1566]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">J. G. Franclemont</collectorName>
, reared
<emphasis box="[926,992,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">ex ova</emphasis>
,
<collectedFrom pageId="5" pageNumber="166">
on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambelii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Quercus gambelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
(1 ♁)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608938019" collectingDate="1966-07-17" collectorName="J. G. Franclemont" country="United States of America" county="Cochise Co." location="Onion Saddle" municipality="Chiricahua Mtns" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCounty box="[350,491,1575,1601]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Cochise Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[502,697,1575,1601]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Chiricahua Mtns</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7D51E9C63E618FF0EFE3EFC140C27:8EA132D39C63E616FD47F985FCCD0E6B" box="[709,866,1575,1601]" country="United States of America" county="Cochise Co." municipality="Chiricahua Mtns" name="Onion Saddle" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Onion Saddle</location>
7600’,
<date box="[951,1099,1575,1601]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" value="1966-07-17">
<collectingDate box="[951,1099,1575,1601]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" value="1966-07-17">17 July 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[140,337,1610,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">J.G. Franclemont</collectorName>
(1 ♁)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608937987" box="[416,1095,1610,1637]" collectorName="Santa Rita Mtns &amp; Madera Canyon" country="United States of America" county="Santa Cruz County" location="Santa Cruz County" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCounty box="[416,635,1610,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Santa Cruz County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectorName box="[645,830,1610,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Santa Rita Mtns</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[842,1025,1610,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Madera Canyon</collectorName>
5800
</materialsCitation>
’;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608937990" box="[140,1095,1645,1673]" collectingDate="1960-07-13" collectingDateMax="1967-09-09" collectingDateMin="1960-07-13" collectorName="R. F. Sternitzky &amp; J. G. Franclemont" country="United States of America" location="Sierra Vista" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7D51E9C63E618FF0EFE3EFC140C27:8EA132D39C63E616FF0EF9CFFEA00EAD" box="[140,271,1645,1671]" country="United States of America" name="Sierra Vista" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">Sierra Vista</location>
,
<date box="[281,420,1645,1671]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" value="1967-09-09">
<collectingDate box="[281,420,1645,1671]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" value="1967-09-09">9 Sept.1967</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[431,603,1645,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">R. F. Sternitzky</collectorName>
(1 ♁),
<date box="[680,818,1645,1671]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" value="1960-07-13">
<collectingDate box="[680,818,1645,1671]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" value="1960-07-13">13 Jul 1960</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[829,1032,1645,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166">J. G. Franclemont</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount box="[1050,1084,1645,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="166" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608937995" collectingDate="1965-07-24" collectorName="J. G. Franclemont" country="United States of America" county="Coconino Co." location="Walnut Canyon." pageId="6" pageNumber="167" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCounty box="[140,305,167,193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Coconino Co.</collectingCounty>
, 6 1/
<locationDeviation box="[365,586,167,193]" location="Flagstaff" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
<quantity box="[365,427,167,193]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" unit="mi" value="3.0">3 mi.</quantity>
ESE Flagstaff
</locationDeviation>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7D51E9C63E618FF0EFE3EFC140C27:8EA132D39C60E615FDDBFF05FCB508EB" box="[601,794,167,193]" country="United States of America" county="Coconino Co." name="Walnut Canyon." pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Walnut Canyon.</location>
, 6500’,
<date box="[888,1039,166,193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" value="1965-07-24">
<collectingDate box="[888,1039,166,193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" value="1965-07-24">24 July 1965</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName pageId="6" pageNumber="167">J. G. Franclemont</collectorName>
(1 ♁)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="167" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,320,237,263]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis box="[185,315,237,263]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" reason="1">Etymology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
We name this species after the late John G. Franclemont who collected and reared this species and recognized that there were two distinct species in southern
<collectingRegion box="[247,339,307,333]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Arizona</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="167" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,310,342,368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis box="[185,305,342,368]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Superficially very similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[629,787,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapa">
<emphasis box="[629,787,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Charadra tapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but can be separated by the forewing pattern and in particular by genital characters in both sexes. The outer half of the forewing in both sexes is darker and more patterned, with the outer forewing more even and paler grey in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[387,553,448,475]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">
<emphasis box="[387,406,449,475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[419,553,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">franclemonti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[645,724,449,475]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapa">
<emphasis box="[645,664,449,475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[677,724,449,474]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">tapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Females can be separated without dissection by brushing the underside of the terminus of the abdomen and examining the sterigma and in particular the lamella antevaginalis, which extends caudally in two long prongs in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[306,472,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">
<emphasis box="[306,325,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[338,472,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">franclemonti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(often visible with the naked eye); in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[885,963,554,580]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapa">
<emphasis box="[885,904,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[916,963,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">tapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these prongs are reduced to two blunt lobes. In males, the vesica of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[761,930,589,616]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">
<emphasis box="[761,780,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[796,930,589,615]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">franclemonti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, when inflated, expands into a pouch as it exits the aedeagus, and the two cornuti are on opposite sides of the vesica; in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[319,398,660,686]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapa">
<emphasis box="[319,338,660,686]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[351,398,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">tapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the vesica is not significantly expanded where it exits the aedeagus and the two cornuti are together on one side. Th e valves of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[837,1003,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">
<emphasis box="[837,856,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[869,1003,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">franclemonti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more truncated and squared off than those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[589,669,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapa">
<emphasis box="[589,608,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[622,669,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">tapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are slightly more produced and tapered. Although there is some overlap in flight periods,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[779,946,765,792]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">
<emphasis box="[779,798,766,792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[812,946,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">franclemonti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
primarily flies in July and August, whereas
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[457,537,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapa">
<emphasis box="[457,476,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[490,537,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">tapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flies in September and October.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="6.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,335,835,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis box="[185,330,835,861]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Sexes externally alike, except females slightly larger than males. FW length averaging
<quantity box="[335,418,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
in males,
<quantity box="[537,621,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
in females.
<emphasis box="[760,819,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Head</emphasis>
– palps short, covered in stiff grey, black and white hair-like scales; proboscis well developed; eyes large, globular; frons with short grey and black hair; antennae broadly bipectinate, with longest rami about 7 times as long as width of shaft.
<emphasis box="[642,718,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Thorax</emphasis>
– clothed in long dark-grey, black, and white scales; tegulae mostly white anteriorly, black and grey banded on posterior; Forewing dark grey with a brown-black medial band. Basal area a mix of black and white scales, appearing light grey, with white scales bleeding into medial area below orbicular producing a small pale streak. Antemedial line narrow, black, erratic and dragged outward below orbicular to meet or almost meet postmedial line midway. Orbicular spot prominent, oval, filled with dark blackish-brown scales and narrowly outlined in black. Medial band broad, brownish black, narrower on upper side and extending to upper margin above orbicular, but extending almost to wing base on lower half. Postmedial line black, narrow, erratic, pulled inward to meet or almost meet antemedial line midway. Postmedial line erratic, poorly defined, bordered outwardly with white scales that expand into a diffuse whitish-grey reniform spot. Subterminal line poorly defined by dark scales, except more prominently lined with black at lower margin of wing and where it bends basad before meeting upper margin of wing. A diffuse patch of white scales at anal angle. Terminal line narrow, black, broken at veins. Fringe dark grey and black, faintly checked with lighter grey at veins. Veins beyond medial area narrowly lined with black. Hindwing pale yellow with an orange tint on basal half, sharply divided from grey black outer half. Fringe grey on inner half, white on outer half and lightly checkered with black between veins.
<emphasis box="[856,958,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="167">Abdomen</emphasis>
– clothed in lead grey hair-like scales mixed with numerous white scales at terminus, with a series
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,1108,1366,1453]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,276,1366,1388]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Figures Ι–4.</emphasis>
Adults and genitalia of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[507,592,1367,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[507,592,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Charadra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type specimens.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,768,1366,1388]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Ι</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="in Druce" authorityYear="1894" box="[776,845,1367,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pata">
<emphasis box="[776,845,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">C. pata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus box="[859,943,1367,1389]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingRegion box="[954,1104,1367,1389]" country="Guatemala" name="Guatemala" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Guatemala City</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[140,241,1399,1421]" name="Guatemala" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[248,261,1398,1420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">2</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1916" box="[269,362,1399,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patafex">
<emphasis box="[269,362,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">C. patafex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus box="[375,459,1399,1421]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingRegion box="[469,553,1399,1420]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
Mill,
<collectingRegion box="[614,692,1399,1421]" country="Mexico" name="Hidalgo" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Hidalgo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[703,772,1399,1421]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Mexico</collectingCountry>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[779,792,1398,1420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">3</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1916" box="[799,915,1399,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligarchia">
<emphasis box="[799,915,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">C. oligarchia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus box="[929,1013,1399,1421]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1023,1107,1399,1420]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
Mill,
<collectingRegion box="[191,269,1431,1453]" country="Mexico" name="Hidalgo" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Hidalgo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[279,348,1431,1453]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Mexico</collectingCountry>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[353,366,1430,1452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">4</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[373,471,1431,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ingenua">
<emphasis box="[373,471,1431,1452]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">C. ingenua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<typeStatus box="[483,569,1431,1453]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">lectotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingRegion box="[578,664,1431,1452]" country="Mexico" name="Durango" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Durango</collectingRegion>
, Colorado.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,1108,1504,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">
of 3–4 small dark-grey tufts midway along dorsal centerline. Legs grey, banded with black at the joints.
<emphasis box="[352,508,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="168">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(Fig. 23) – Valves simple, subquadrate apically with a slightly pointed dorsal apex; costal process absent; clasper a simple scoop-shaped process about 1/10 length of dorsal valve margin, with broad surface directed dorso-cephalad; sacculus unmodified; uncus with a wide base and narrowest medially, apex broadly
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[140,1108,1366,1676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,287,1366,1388]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Figures 5–22.</emphasis>
Adult habitus of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[451,536,1366,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[451,536,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Charadra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[618,631,1366,1388]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">5</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[637,776,1366,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">
<emphasis box="[637,776,1366,1388]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. franclemonti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♁
<typeStatus box="[811,895,1366,1388]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">holotype</typeStatus>
, Pinery Cyn., Chiricahua Mtns., AZ
<emphasis bold="true" box="[284,297,1398,1420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">6</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[303,442,1398,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">
<emphasis box="[303,442,1398,1420]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. franclemonti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCount box="[454,466,1399,1420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[473,555,1399,1420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">paratype</typeStatus>
, Pinery Cyn., Chiricahua Mtns., AZ
<emphasis bold="true" box="[900,913,1398,1420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">7</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[925,1022,1398,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cakulha">
<emphasis box="[925,1022,1398,1420]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. cakulha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♁
<typeStatus pageId="8" pageNumber="169">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingCountry box="[191,315,1430,1452]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">San Cristobal</collectingCountry>
de las Casas,
<collectingRegion box="[441,518,1430,1452]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[527,596,1430,1452]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Mexico</collectingCountry>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[601,614,1430,1452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">8</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[620,686,1431,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapa">
<emphasis box="[620,686,1431,1452]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. tapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♁
<typeStatus box="[718,800,1431,1452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">paratype</typeStatus>
, Madera Cyn., Santa Rita Mtns., AZ
<emphasis bold="true" box="[175,188,1462,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">9</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[193,259,1463,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapa">
<emphasis box="[193,259,1463,1484]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. tapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCount box="[270,282,1463,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[287,369,1463,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">paratype</typeStatus>
, Madera Cyn., Santa Rita Mtns., AZ
<emphasis bold="true" box="[710,736,1462,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Ι0</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[747,830,1463,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coyopa">
<emphasis box="[747,830,1463,1484]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. coyopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♁
<typeStatus box="[862,946,1462,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingRegion box="[954,1102,1462,1484]" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Distrito Federal</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[140,209,1494,1516]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Mexico</collectingCountry>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[216,242,1494,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">ΙΙ</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[251,353,1494,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deridens">
<emphasis box="[251,353,1494,1516]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. deridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♁, Edmunston, NB
<emphasis bold="true" box="[559,586,1494,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Ι2</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[597,699,1494,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deridens">
<emphasis box="[597,699,1494,1516]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. deridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♁, Garfield Co., CO
<emphasis bold="true" box="[916,942,1494,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Ι3</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1916" box="[953,1070,1494,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligarchia">
<emphasis box="[953,1070,1494,1516]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. oligarchia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♁,
<collectingRegion box="[140,227,1526,1547]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[236,305,1526,1548]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Mexico</collectingCountry>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[311,337,1526,1548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Ι4</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[344,445,1526,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deridens">
<emphasis box="[344,445,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. deridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCount box="[457,469,1527,1548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, Morehead, KY
<emphasis bold="true" box="[624,650,1526,1548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Ι5</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[663,763,1526,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deridens">
<emphasis box="[663,763,1526,1548]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. deridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCount box="[775,787,1527,1548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, Edmunston, NB
<emphasis bold="true" box="[961,987,1526,1548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Ι6</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Morrison" authorityYear="1875" box="[1000,1104,1526,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispulsa">
<emphasis box="[1000,1022,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C.</emphasis>
dispulsa
</taxonomicName>
, ♁, Georgetown, TX
<emphasis bold="true" box="[329,356,1558,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Ι7</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[365,465,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deridens">
<emphasis box="[365,465,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. deridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCount box="[476,488,1559,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, Mt. Pocono, PA
<emphasis bold="true" box="[655,681,1558,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Ι8</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[694,794,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deridens">
<emphasis box="[694,794,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. deridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♁, Morehead, KY
<emphasis bold="true" box="[974,1000,1558,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Ι9</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[1009,1101,1559,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moneta">
<emphasis box="[1009,1101,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. moneta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♁
<typeStatus box="[162,246,1590,1612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">holotype</typeStatus>
, Walnut Cyn., Coconino Co., AZ
<emphasis bold="true" box="[577,603,1590,1612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">20</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[610,704,1591,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moneta">
<emphasis box="[610,704,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. moneta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCount box="[717,729,1591,1612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<typeStatus box="[736,818,1591,1612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">paratype</typeStatus>
, Walnut Cyn., Coconino Co., AZ
<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,204,1622,1644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">2Ι</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[211,305,1623,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moneta">
<emphasis box="[211,305,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. moneta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♁, Big Bend National Park, Brewster Co., TX
<emphasis bold="true" box="[757,783,1622,1644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">22</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[793,887,1623,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moneta">
<emphasis box="[793,887,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">C. moneta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCount box="[901,913,1623,1644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, Big Bend National Park, Brewster Co., TX.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1108,1590,1676]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,303,1590,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">Figures 23–25.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[479,564,1590,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[479,564,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">Charadra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[650,676,1590,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">23</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[685,826,1590,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">
<emphasis box="[685,826,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">C. franclemonti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[835,917,1591,1612]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">paratype</typeStatus>
, Pinery Cyn., Chiricahua Mtns., AZ
<emphasis bold="true" box="[317,343,1622,1644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">24</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[351,420,1623,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapa">
<emphasis box="[351,420,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">C. tapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[428,510,1623,1644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">paratype</typeStatus>
, Ash Cyn., Huachuca Mtns., AZ
<emphasis bold="true" box="[836,862,1622,1644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">25</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[871,969,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cakulha">
<emphasis box="[871,969,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">C. cakulha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[978,1062,1622,1644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">holotype</typeStatus>
, San Cristobal de las Casas,
<collectingRegion box="[352,429,1654,1676]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[438,510,1654,1676]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[174,1107,91,115]" box="[174,1107,91,115]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis box="[174,454,91,115]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Th e North American species of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[461,624,91,115]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Charadra
<emphasis box="[557,624,91,115]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Walker</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[624,829,91,115]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">, with a revision of the</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="(Druce)" baseAuthorityName="Druce" box="[836,1054,91,115]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pata">
Charadra pata
<emphasis box="[981,1054,91,114]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">(Druce)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[1054,1069,91,114]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">...</emphasis>
171
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="171">26 27 28 29 I mm</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[140,1108,1590,1676]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,303,1590,1612]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Figures 26–29.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[479,564,1590,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[479,564,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Charadra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[650,676,1590,1612]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">26</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[685,772,1591,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coyopa">
<emphasis box="[685,772,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">C. coyopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[781,865,1590,1612]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectingRegion box="[876,1027,1590,1612]" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Distrito Federal</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[1039,1108,1590,1612]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Mexico</collectingCountry>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,166,1622,1644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">27</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority=", Morehead" authorityName="Morehead" box="[173,383,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deridens">
<emphasis box="[173,274,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">C. deridens</emphasis>
, Morehead
</taxonomicName>
, KY
<emphasis bold="true" box="[430,456,1622,1644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">28</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[463,556,1623,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moneta">
<emphasis box="[463,556,1623,1644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">C. moneta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[563,645,1623,1644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">paratype</typeStatus>
, Walnut Cyn., Coconino Co., AZ
<emphasis bold="true" box="[970,996,1622,1644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">29</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority=", Sinton" authorityName="Sinton" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispulsa">
<emphasis box="[1003,1102,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">C. dispulsa</emphasis>
, Sinton
</taxonomicName>
, TX.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1108,167,1038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">
squared with a medial notch giving a slightly bifid appearance; tegumen greatly expanded dorsally; saccus quadrate with broad U-shaped medial dorsal notch; aedeagus 5x longer than diameter, with a very wide, dorsally directed opening to vesica, opening about 1/3 total length of aedeagus; bulbous base of vesica directed at about 90 degrees to aedeagus; vesica base with two large, equal-sized, thorn-like cornuti positioned opposite each other, one ventral and one dorsal; one medial and one distal diverticulum of similar size, oriented dorsally.
<emphasis box="[508,685,378,404]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(Fig. 30) – Papillae anales blunt with very slight medial tip; antevaginal plate (caudal extension of sternum VII) prominent, slightly longer than length of sternum VIII and with two prongs extending beyond caudal margin of sternum VIII; ductus bursae heavily sclerotized and short, slightly wider than long, flattened dorso-ventrally and asymmetrical due to a ventral twist of right lateral margin; corpus bursae asymmetrically heart-shaped, membranous, finely spiculate under high magnification; ductus seminalis exiting caudally on left chamber of corpus bursae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="172" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1108,167,1038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,501,659,685]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis box="[185,336,659,685]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
and biology.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[513,766,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">
<emphasis box="[513,766,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Charadra franclemonti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranges from central Arizona (Coconino Co.) southward to at least
<collectingRegion box="[592,697,695,721]" country="Mexico" name="Durango" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Durango</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[713,800,695,721]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. The flight period is from mid-July into August. Captive larvae were reared on
<taxonomicName authority="Nuttal." authorityName="Nuttal." box="[734,1011,730,756]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambelii">
<emphasis box="[734,922,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Quercus gambelii</emphasis>
Nuttal.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1108,167,1038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,298,765,791]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis box="[185,293,765,791]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" reason="1">Remarks</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
One slightly larger, darker male specimen from El Salto,
<collectingRegion box="[932,1037,766,792]" country="Mexico" name="Durango" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Durango</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Mexico</collectingCountry>
is provisionally treated as this species since it is indistinguishable in genital structure, but is excluded from the
<typeStatus box="[482,530,836,862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
series. Although this species and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[908,989,836,862]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapa">
<emphasis box="[908,989,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">C. tapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have both been treated and identified as
<taxonomicName box="[491,575,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pata">
<emphasis box="[491,575,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">C. pata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, neither
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[682,766,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapa">
<emphasis box="[682,766,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">C. tapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anweiler &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="2010" box="[824,996,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franclemonti">
<emphasis box="[824,996,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">C. franclemonti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to
<taxonomicName box="[253,335,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pata">
<emphasis box="[253,335,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">C. pata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see ‘Remarks’ under
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[582,663,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tapa">
<emphasis box="[582,663,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">C. tapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[140,1108,167,1038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">
Five specimens from the
<typeStatus box="[479,527,942,968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
locality exhibited a single barcode haplotype that was more than 5% divergent from those of
<taxonomicName box="[631,753,976,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deridens">
<emphasis box="[631,753,976,1003]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">C. deridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Anweiler" authorityYear="2010" box="[767,880,977,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moneta">
<emphasis box="[767,880,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">C. moneta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName box="[944,1063,976,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispulsa">
<emphasis box="[944,1063,976,1003]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">C. dispulsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; no barcodes for any other
<taxonomicName box="[400,448,1012,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Charadra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pata">
<emphasis box="[400,448,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">pata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species were available for comparison.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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