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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="27e19a5d-bfc7-4434-9478-5fd9ed0e0b0d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864266" ID-ZooBank="39D641B7-1800-4918-8E88-4EC5FF4BB56C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1682330975026" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhang, Jing, Dolibaina, Diego R., Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina, Mielke, Carlos G. C., Casagrande, Mirna M., Mielke, Olaf H. H. &amp; Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2023" docId="F84A87F49B32FFC7FF3CA162B97FF952" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5271.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5271 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5271.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cabirus junta Evans 1952, new status" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="0473FF8C9B36FFC3FFABA54BBA00FF32" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on Neotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="114" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1682444975477" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic notes on Neotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Dolibaina, Diego R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Shen, Jinhui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Song, Leina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Mielke, Carlos G. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Caixa postal 1206, 84.145 - 000 Carambeí, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Casagrande, Mirna M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa postal 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mielke, Olaf H. H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa postal 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-04-24</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864282" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7864282" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F84A87F49B32FFC7FF3CA162B97FF952" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F84A87F49B32FFC7FF3CA162B97FF952" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
<subSubSection box="[151,1016,1065,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1016,1065,1092]" box="[151,1016,1065,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,1016,1065,1092]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,1016,1065,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authority="Evans, 1952" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[151,476,1065,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="junta">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,319,1065,1092]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Cabirus junta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, W. H." box="[326,476,1065,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" pagination="110 - 125" refId="ref17105" refString="Evans, W. H. (1952) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, v + 178 pp., pls. 110 - 125." type="book chapter" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Evans, 1952" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[538,871,1065,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purda" status="new status">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[538,713,1065,1092]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Cabirus purda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, W. H." box="[720,871,1065,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" pagination="110 - 125" refId="ref17105" refString="Evans, W. H. (1952) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, v + 178 pp., pls. 110 - 125." type="book chapter" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[885,1016,1066,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">new status</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="95" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,1137,1632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
Treated as subspecies since their description,
<taxonomicName authority="Evans, 1952" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[688,1089,1137,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="procas" subSpecies="junta">
<emphasis box="[688,935,1137,1163]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Cabirus procas junta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, W. H." box="[946,1089,1137,1164]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" pagination="110 - 125" refId="ref17105" refString="Evans, W. H. (1952) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, v + 178 pp., pls. 110 - 125." type="book chapter" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(type locality in
<collectingCountry box="[1299,1353,1138,1164]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1369,1432,1138,1164]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Junín</collectingRegion>
, Chanchamayo) and
<taxonomicName authority="Evans, 1952" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[371,753,1173,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="procas" subSpecies="purda">
<emphasis box="[371,612,1173,1199]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Cabirus procas purda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, W. H." box="[617,753,1173,1200]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" pagination="110 - 125" refId="ref17105" refString="Evans, W. H. (1952) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, v + 178 pp., pls. 110 - 125." type="book chapter" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(type locality in
<collectingCountry box="[936,990,1174,1200]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1000,1078,1174,1200]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Loreto</collectingRegion>
, Pebas), both described based on female
<typeStatus box="[234,346,1209,1235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">holotypes</typeStatus>
, form distinct prominent clusters in the genomic tree (
<figureCitation box="[949,1018,1209,1236]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1067,1091]" captionTargetBox="[163,1437,390,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-123@5.[151,1437,381,1044]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Species of Cabirus. a. C. procas ♁ OM 39.533, French Guiana; b. C. junta, stat. nov. ♁ OM 88.069, Peru: Madre de Dios; c. C. purda, stat. nov. ♁ OM 81.093, Peru: Loreto; d. C. purda, stat. nov. copulating pair: ♀ (left), ♁ (right), Ecuador: Napo, Tena, iNaturalist observation 96852968 © David Geale, CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/; e. phylogenetic tree constructed from protein-coding regions of the Z chromosome: different species are shown in different colors, labels of illustrated specimens are highlighted in magenta. Photographs ac are by Carlos Mielke." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864270/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The three distinct clades of
<taxonomicName authority="Hubner, [1819]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1346,1436,1209,1235]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Cabirus</emphasis>
Hübner, [1819]
</taxonomicName>
exhibit genetic diversification suggesting three species-level taxa: Fst/Gmin for pairs of these taxa are 0.480.64/
<geoCoordinate box="[313,377,1281,1307]" degrees="0.006" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" precision="55" value="0.006">0.006</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[376,455,1281,1307]" degrees="0.012" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" precision="55" value="-0.012">0.012</geoCoordinate>
, suggesting nearly complete genetic isolation as evidenced by almost undetectable gene exchange between them. COI barcodes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[619,736,1318,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="procas" subSpecies="junta">
<emphasis box="[619,736,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">C. p. junta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(OM88.069) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[934,1059,1317,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="procas" subSpecies="purda">
<emphasis box="[934,1059,1317,1344]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">C. p. purda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(OM81.092) differ by 2% (13 bp) and they differ from the barcode of
<taxonomicName authority="(Cramer, 1777)" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[552,986,1353,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="procas" subSpecies="procas">
<emphasis box="[552,807,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Cabirus procas procas</emphasis>
(Cramer, 1777)
</taxonomicName>
(OM39.553) by 1.5% (10 bp) and 1.4% (9 bp), respectively. Males of these taxa are very similar and difficult to be distinguished, although those of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
C. p.
<taxonomicName authorityName="♁ OM" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[151,226,1426,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procas">procas</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
have a reduced forewing subapical yellow patch, with crenulated distal margin, and a very reduced extension of yellow below forewing discal cell (
<figureCitation box="[578,660,1461,1488]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1067,1091]" captionTargetBox="[163,1437,390,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-123@5.[151,1437,381,1044]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Species of Cabirus. a. C. procas ♁ OM 39.533, French Guiana; b. C. junta, stat. nov. ♁ OM 88.069, Peru: Madre de Dios; c. C. purda, stat. nov. ♁ OM 81.093, Peru: Loreto; d. C. purda, stat. nov. copulating pair: ♀ (left), ♁ (right), Ecuador: Napo, Tena, iNaturalist observation 96852968 © David Geale, CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/; e. phylogenetic tree constructed from protein-coding regions of the Z chromosome: different species are shown in different colors, labels of illustrated specimens are highlighted in magenta. Photographs ac are by Carlos Mielke." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864270/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
), whereas the yellow patches are wider, with smooth margins in both
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,271,1498,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="procas" subSpecies="junta">
<emphasis box="[151,271,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">C. p. junta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[286,368,1497,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1067,1091]" captionTargetBox="[163,1437,390,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-123@5.[151,1437,381,1044]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Species of Cabirus. a. C. procas ♁ OM 39.533, French Guiana; b. C. junta, stat. nov. ♁ OM 88.069, Peru: Madre de Dios; c. C. purda, stat. nov. ♁ OM 81.093, Peru: Loreto; d. C. purda, stat. nov. copulating pair: ♀ (left), ♁ (right), Ecuador: Napo, Tena, iNaturalist observation 96852968 © David Geale, CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/; e. phylogenetic tree constructed from protein-coding regions of the Z chromosome: different species are shown in different colors, labels of illustrated specimens are highlighted in magenta. Photographs ac are by Carlos Mielke." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864270/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[431,559,1497,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="procas" subSpecies="purda">
<emphasis box="[431,559,1497,1524]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">C. p. purda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[574,657,1497,1524]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1067,1091]" captionTargetBox="[163,1437,390,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-123@5.[151,1437,381,1044]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Species of Cabirus. a. C. procas ♁ OM 39.533, French Guiana; b. C. junta, stat. nov. ♁ OM 88.069, Peru: Madre de Dios; c. C. purda, stat. nov. ♁ OM 81.093, Peru: Loreto; d. C. purda, stat. nov. copulating pair: ♀ (left), ♁ (right), Ecuador: Napo, Tena, iNaturalist observation 96852968 © David Geale, CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/; e. phylogenetic tree constructed from protein-coding regions of the Z chromosome: different species are shown in different colors, labels of illustrated specimens are highlighted in magenta. Photographs ac are by Carlos Mielke." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864270/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
). On the other hand, females of these taxa are different in their facies and are distinguished by the amount of dark overscaling along hindwing veins from missing (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" box="[1213,1341,1533,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="procas" subSpecies="purda">
<emphasis box="[1213,1341,1533,1560]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">C. p. purda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<figureCitation box="[1356,1436,1533,1559]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1067,1091]" captionTargetBox="[163,1437,390,1044]" captionTargetId="figure-123@5.[151,1437,381,1044]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Species of Cabirus. a. C. procas ♁ OM 39.533, French Guiana; b. C. junta, stat. nov. ♁ OM 88.069, Peru: Madre de Dios; c. C. purda, stat. nov. ♁ OM 81.093, Peru: Loreto; d. C. purda, stat. nov. copulating pair: ♀ (left), ♁ (right), Ecuador: Napo, Tena, iNaturalist observation 96852968 © David Geale, CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/; e. phylogenetic tree constructed from protein-coding regions of the Z chromosome: different species are shown in different colors, labels of illustrated specimens are highlighted in magenta. Photographs ac are by Carlos Mielke." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7864270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7864270/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
left) to heavily expressed (
<emphasis box="[445,578,1570,1596]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
C. p.
<taxonomicName authorityName="♁ OM" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[503,578,1570,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procas">procas</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
). For all these reasons, we propose species-level for these taxa:
<taxonomicName authority="Evans, 1952" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="junta" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1283,1437,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Cabirus junta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, W. H." box="[151,293,1605,1632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" pagination="110 - 125" refId="ref17105" refString="Evans, W. H. (1952) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, v + 178 pp., pls. 110 - 125." type="book chapter" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis bold="true" box="[304,410,1606,1632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[304,410,1606,1632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName authority="Evans, 1952" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1952" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[465,776,1605,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Cabirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purda" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis box="[465,628,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">Cabirus purda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, W. H." box="[635,776,1605,1632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95" pagination="110 - 125" refId="ref17105" refString="Evans, W. H. (1952) A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part II. Pyrginae. Section I. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, v + 178 pp., pls. 110 - 125." type="book chapter" year="1952">Evans, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[787,895,1606,1632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[787,889,1606,1632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="95">stat. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>