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<document id="39FAD37B912CE64304E356779A1DB0E6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1012.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5049106" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625105283744" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Diaz, M. C., Soest, Van, Rützler, K. &amp; Guzman, H. M." docDate="2005" docId="03A87075FFD41019803517A693AA12DE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01012p012.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1012 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1012.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Aplysina chiriquiensis Diaz &amp; Soest &amp; Rützler &amp; Guzman 2005, new species" docType="treatment" docUuid="2F72C905-F2FB-4DC0-9B01-EA022D50BBE0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FF91080DFFD6101C813D155797561677" masterDocTitle="Aplysina chiriquiensis, a new pedunculate sponge from the Gulf of Chiriquí, Panamá, Eastern Pacific (Aplysinidae, Verongida)" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698980096397" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="5A2B24E6D3E44C56C773B04DACAA39A2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A886042F7C817D0EF998CAEAA162D736">
<mods:title id="6BBBC678D43D02BA96FE9D8790A7CA4B">Aplysina chiriquiensis, a new pedunculate sponge from the Gulf of Chiriquí, Panamá, Eastern Pacific (Aplysinidae, Verongida)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="FF8E9110B129B732B9DB554B885BB001" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2AB1C59CFCD5CAFBE1770620D94F8853">
<mods:roleTerm id="2B551C929BEEA5F0C15000806D9D1551">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D0C35D5C74DF1C7EC015AB07AC99E923">Diaz, M. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="186528EF981171063BA89EA33EAB419B">Department of Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 - 0163. Museo Marino de Margarita, Boulevard El Paseo, Boca del Rio, Peninsula de Macanao, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela, crisdiaz @ ix. netcom. com. Zöologish Museum of the University of Amsterdam, P. O. Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P. O. Box 2072, Balboa, Panamá, guzmanh @ naos. si. edu.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4C3361CD859939386286FE97507C3445" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CF665AB26D70A77A564647A0AA375A16">
<mods:roleTerm id="9DE01B7C109CE8AE561B1BE70CD41E48">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="01AFBA029AD13EE2E37EE3A2CCAF0FFB">Soest, Van</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2995FAE6657241C72E6974818DD81A9F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1A892C9A160935F499D454545BE2554C">
<mods:roleTerm id="ED857527F386BC55D459957914272D89">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6A2899669EF53350D427BE0E3EB50E20">Rützler, K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D5FB9AC59568036B00B4A4EBFF6A4702">Department of Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 - 0163. Museo Marino de Margarita, Boulevard El Paseo, Boca del Rio, Peninsula de Macanao, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela, crisdiaz @ ix. netcom. com. Zöologish Museum of the University of Amsterdam, P. O. Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P. O. Box 2072, Balboa, Panamá, guzmanh @ naos. si. edu.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3F5866BE0248B99AF7D3B1E5BDEBE76A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A247399F725F4170A71A78DD80816FA9">
<mods:roleTerm id="04DC4449E92AC9D3E5C4399CBB03BC53">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0FD29B00B35DDEFF56736882805350BE">Guzman, H. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B783718112AC0CF01B82067D9A2B3308">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="406E2EDC8833ED7FD3D138E30825E011" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="49F0F1E21414DDC1692E4412CC487A1A">
<mods:title id="90DBB5243A2DB68A74CDC5F1B88B3903">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="CB175FB4FCF7CC116173CFC6260B4F54">
<mods:date id="5479B64D48F22914FE4848EE1BEBEB83">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="646C4E7E7C2A7210E869D6677120B926" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="2B355BF3CEC31D510CB55D49E1954A12">2005-06-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="84CA6E1B628AB5008673188EE4731B82" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E6A8FA9DA909A86A4AC524D34E727FCC">1012</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="CD08DF77A091CA27640756E97084914A" type="issue">
<mods:number id="3367DDAE2236F8E9FB912C5F703F7770">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="93466BEB1BC299001375A76A0CCFB33D" unit="page">
<mods:start id="7B8A267119FE74F39D36F1C0E063DC75">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="11F0903FF8F053B58D96B45A734D3567">12</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="B769CF51E8E21345A8E32C302357BF18">
<mods:url id="976F8C51384E5EDE067B2653F701041B">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1012.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="2187242D7C0B27EDB55D3818F1A2A478">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4B93E85EC055E17D7F07BA1762A6C965" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1012.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="02B340D766821DD080F64740F7690BAD" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5FB120F0348996493882C3510C5F040E" type="Zenodo-Dep">5049106</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0B6366B4E4B3D5F1A7F7365BD790B0ED" type="ZooBank">F8C826E4-EE44-46C8-A92C-74FB022532A4</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A87075FFD41019803517A693AA12DE" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F72C905-F2FB-4DC0-9B01-EA022D50BBE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A87075FFD41019803517A693AA12DE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="C31B92E8FFD4101E803517A695E2157C" box="[264,692,753,779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBEC163FFD4101E803517A695E2157C" blockId="2.[264,692,753,814]" box="[264,692,753,779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0F6760FFFD4101E803517A695E2157C" bold="true" box="[264,692,753,779]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD4101E803517A695E2157C" bold="true" box="[264,692,753,779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C01BAE0FFD4101E803517A69543157C" authority="Diaz &amp; Soest &amp; Rützler &amp; Guzman, 2005" authorityName="Diaz &amp; Soest &amp; Rützler &amp; Guzman" authorityYear="2005" box="[264,533,753,779]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiriquiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD4101E803517A69543157C" bold="true" box="[264,533,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Aplysina chiriquiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246A00AFFD4101E831917A695E2157C" box="[548,692,753,779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B92E8FFD4101E8035164396C51559" box="[264,403,788,814]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEC163FFD4101E8035164396C51559" blockId="2.[264,692,753,814]" box="[264,403,788,814]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<figureCitation id="133ADDE6FFD4101E8035164396C51559" box="[264,403,788,814]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[264,367,1409,1433]" captionStartId-1="4.[264,368,991,1015]" captionStartId-2="4.[264,367,1763,1787]" captionTargetBox-0="[415,1171,689,1383]" captionTargetBox-1="[415,1171,284,978]" captionTargetBox-2="[415,1171,1126,1739]" captionTargetId-0="figure-196@3.[415,1171,689,1383]" captionTargetId-1="figure-105@4.[415,1171,281,979]" captionTargetId-2="figure-107@4.[415,1171,1126,1739]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Underwater photograph of various specimens of Aplysina chiriquiensis from the Gulf of Chiriquí, Panamá, Eastern Pacific (20 m deep). scale bar = 7 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Aplysina chiriquiensis, external morphology. A) The holotype, a typical slender specimen with smooth tapering solid branches, scale bar = 6 cm; B) Paratype A (USNM 1071035), a stubby specimen, scale bar = 2 cm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Skeletal morphology of Aplysina chiriquiensis. A) Cross section of fiber reticulation formed by oval to polygonal meshes. Notice the darker pith. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. B) Cross section of fiber reticulation from the pedunculate base. Notice the thick and deformed fibers. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5049108" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5049110" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5049114" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5049108/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5049110/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5049114/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B92E8FFD4101E8035163393DF12C9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBEC163FFD4101E8035163394A815B9" blockId="2.[264,1324,868,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD4101E8035163396AA1509" bold="true" box="[264,508,868,894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B69CB3EFFD4101E833E163394A815B9" collectingDate="2003-07-03" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Collector &amp; H. M. Guzman" country="Panama" elevation="23" location="Gulf of Chriqui" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="USNM 1071034, USNM 1071035, USNM 1071036" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54BA7FC1FFD4101E833E163395261509" box="[515,624,868,894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DBA76918FFD4101E8343163394111509" box="[638,839,868,894]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">USNM 1071034</specimenCode>
),
<typeStatus id="54BA7FC1FFD4101E8266163394961509" box="[859,960,868,894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
A (
<specimenCode id="DBA76918FFD4101E82D6163393E51509" box="[1003,1203,868,894]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">USNM 1071035</specimenCode>
),
<typeStatus id="54BA7FC1FFD4101E85FA1633927A1509" box="[1223,1324,868,894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
B (
<specimenCode id="DBA76918FFD4101E801616DB96A315D1" box="[299,501,908,934]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">USNM 1071036</specimenCode>
), all from the type locality. Type locality—Bajo Banderas (
<quantity id="4CF96C86FFD4101E858D16DB924B15D1" box="[1200,1309,908,934]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="10.0">
<elevation id="002C2650FFD4101E858D16DB924B15D1" box="[1200,1309,908,934]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="10.0">10–35 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<location id="8EDE97B8FFD4101E803516E3969415B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A87075FFD41019803517A693AA12DE:8EDE97B8FFD4101E803516E3969415B9" box="[264,450,948,974]" country="Panama" name="Gulf of Chriqui" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gulf of Chriquí</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31681F3FFD4101E80F016E3957815B9" box="[461,558,948,974]" name="Panama" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Panamá</collectingCountry>
.
<collectorName id="26F4A4B5FFD4101E830416E395FD15B9" box="[569,683,948,974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Collector</collectorName>
:
<collectorName id="26F4A4B5FFD4101E838B16E3943715B9" box="[694,865,948,974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">H.M. Guzman</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFBFE7A3FFD4101E825316E394AC15B9" box="[878,1018,948,974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2003-07-03">
<collectingDate id="EFFB1E4BFFD4101E825316E394AC15B9" box="[878,1018,948,974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2003-07-03">July 3 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEC163FFD4101E8005168B93DF12C9" blockId="2.[264,1324,868,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<materialsCitation id="3B69CB3EFFD4101E8005168B93D012C9" accessionNumber="ZMA 14900, S 08033" collectionCode="SEPBOP, SOSC" collectorName="Specimens &amp; Porifera &amp; Expedition" country="Ecuador" elevation="20" location="Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center" municipality="South East Pacific Biological Oceanography" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Galapagos" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD4101E8005168B96AE1581" bold="true" box="[312,504,988,1014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Other material</emphasis>
.
<collectorName id="26F4A4B5FFD4101E8336168B95DC1581" box="[523,650,988,1014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Specimens</collectorName>
formerly identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C01BAE0FFD4101E8294168B952A1269" authority="Desqueyroux-Fandez &amp; van Soest, 1997" authorityName="Desqueyroux-Fandez &amp; van Soest" authorityYear="1997" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ecuatorensis">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD4101E8294168B93F81582" box="[937,1198,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Aplysina ecuatorensis</emphasis>
Desqueyroux­Fandez &amp; van Soest, 1997
</taxonomicName>
(nomen nudum): ZMA
<collectorName id="26F4A4B5FFD4101E82A5115394A01269" box="[920,1014,1028,1054]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Porifera</collectorName>
11262.
<typeStatus id="54BA7FC1FFD4101E8569115393ED1269" box="[1108,1211,1028,1054]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
fragment in alcohol, and ZMA 14900, alcohol specimen.
<collectingCountry id="F31681F3FFD4101E827C117B94F31231" box="[833,933,1068,1094]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, collected by
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDA5B19FFD4101E856F117B956D1219" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">South East Pacific Biological Oceanography</collectingMunicipality>
program (
<collectionCode id="ED1059A6FFD4101E83FE110394641219" box="[707,818,1108,1134]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SEPBOP</collectionCode>
)
<collectorName id="26F4A4B5FFD4101E826A1103948E1219" box="[855,984,1108,1134]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 18B 773, coordinates 0243'
<accessionNumber id="94525C80FFD4101E8074112B96E612E1" box="[329,432,1148,1174]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S08033" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="EnaNcbi">S 08033</accessionNumber>
'W (­2.7167 ­80.55), depth
<quantity id="4CF96C86FFD4101E823A112B941E12E1" box="[775,840,1148,1174]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="20.0">
<elevation id="002C2650FFD4101E823A112B941E12E1" box="[775,840,1148,1174]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, donated by the
<location id="8EDE97B8FFD4101E8514112B954512C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A87075FFD41019803517A693AA12DE:8EDE97B8FFD4101E8514112B954512C9" country="Ecuador" municipality="South East Pacific Biological Oceanography" name="Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Galapagos">Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center</location>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1059A6FFD4101E831E11F3952412C9" box="[547,626,1188,1214]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SOSC</collectionCode>
), date of collection: 1966,
<collectingRegion id="49C50F81FFD4101E829611F393D012C9" box="[939,1158,1188,1214]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Galapagos Islands</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31B92E8FFD4101F8005119B95211451" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEC163FFD4101E8005119B96601161" blockId="2.[264,1324,868,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD4101E8005119B96861291" bold="true" box="[312,464,1228,1254]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</emphasis>
Sponges are ramose, with branches departing from a common stalk (peduncle,
<quantity id="4CF96C86FFD4101E80AD11A396B81379" box="[400,494,1268,1294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 cm</quantity>
in diameter). Specimens range from
<quantity id="4CF96C86FFD4101E82FB11A393331379" box="[966,1125,1268,1294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="27.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="10.0">10 to 45 cm</quantity>
in height, with branches
<quantity id="4CF96C86FFD4101E804A104B968B1341" box="[375,477,1308,1334]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="21.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="2.0">2–40 cm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CF96C86FFD4101E836C104B95FE1341" box="[593,680,1308,1334]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 cm</quantity>
thick. In some specimens, branches are smooth, cylindrical to sub­cylindrical, and with tapering ends (
<figureCitation id="133ADDE6FFD4101E8276101394CA1329" box="[843,924,1348,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1409,1433]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,689,1383]" captionTargetId="figure-196@3.[415,1171,689,1383]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Underwater photograph of various specimens of Aplysina chiriquiensis from the Gulf of Chiriquí, Panamá, Eastern Pacific (20 m deep). scale bar = 7 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5049108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5049108/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133ADDE6FFD4101E82961013949C1329" box="[939,970,1348,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,368,991,1015]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,284,978]" captionTargetId="figure-105@4.[415,1171,281,979]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aplysina chiriquiensis, external morphology. A) The holotype, a typical slender specimen with smooth tapering solid branches, scale bar = 6 cm; B) Paratype A (USNM 1071035), a stubby specimen, scale bar = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5049110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5049110/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2a</figureCitation>
). Others have stubby or laterally compressed branches, with annular swellings, finger–like or rounded projections, and knobby ends (
<figureCitation id="133ADDE6FFD4101E809210C3955E13D9" box="[431,520,1428,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,368,991,1015]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,284,978]" captionTargetId="figure-105@4.[415,1171,281,979]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aplysina chiriquiensis, external morphology. A) The holotype, a typical slender specimen with smooth tapering solid branches, scale bar = 6 cm; B) Paratype A (USNM 1071035), a stubby specimen, scale bar = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5049110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5049110/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
). External color ranges from pinkish­red or purple to bright yellow, or a combination of these colors. The color of the choanosome is bright yellow. All specimens are aerophobic, changing to dark green when exposed to air and to black after preservation in alcohol. The sponge surface is smooth to the naked eye, but microconulose when viewed by microscope, with regularly distributed conules
<quantity id="4CF96C86FFD4101E82C9136393DE1039" box="[1012,1160,1588,1614]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100–200 µm</quantity>
in height and
<quantity id="4CF96C86FFD4101E8035130B96F61001" box="[264,416,1628,1654]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="500.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="400.0">400–600 µm</quantity>
distant from each other. Sponges are compressible and elastic in consistency, almost rubbery. The oscules are circular,
<quantity id="4CF96C86FFD4101E826C13D394E310E9" box="[849,949,1668,1694]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with a collar­like membrane, distributed in rows of one or more along the sides of the branches. The specimens with bumpy surfaces have oscules located on top of the round protuberances (
<figureCitation id="133ADDE6FFD4101E85C41383967F1161" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,368,991,1015]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,284,978]" captionTargetId="figure-105@4.[415,1171,281,979]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Aplysina chiriquiensis, external morphology. A) The holotype, a typical slender specimen with smooth tapering solid branches, scale bar = 6 cm; B) Paratype A (USNM 1071035), a stubby specimen, scale bar = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5049110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5049110/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEC163FFD4101F8005127395211451" blockId="2.[264,1324,868,1894]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,284,550]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
The skeleton consists of a reticulation made up of concentrically­laminated fibers,
<quantity id="4CF96C86FFD4101E85C3127396321111" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="120.0" valueMax="210.0" valueMin="30.0">30– 210 µm</quantity>
in diameter, amber in color, but with a predominantly black­appearing (transmit­ ted light), granular pith occupying 15–70 % of the fiber diameter (
<tableCitation id="C683F4D8FFD5101F8537144B93051741" box="[1034,1107,284,310]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 1. Skeletal measurements of type specimens of Aplysina chiriquiensis (range, mean ±1 standard deviation; n=number of measurements). Middle measurements are made half way the length of the branch from the surface to 1 cm towards the center, and base measurements are made on the stalk from the surface to 1 cm into the body. Measurements are in micrometers." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). In the ectosome, in particular, fibers have a clear pith rather that a dark, granular one. It was found that the diameter, structure (smooth or granular) and color (clear, black) of the pith can vary greatly within
<specimenCount id="9D070AEAFFD5101F808114C3953217D9" box="[444,612,404,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
. In general, fibers are thicker (
<tableCitation id="C683F4D8FFD5101F82DE14C3936617D9" box="[995,1072,404,430]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 1. Skeletal measurements of type specimens of Aplysina chiriquiensis (range, mean ±1 standard deviation; n=number of measurements). Middle measurements are made half way the length of the branch from the surface to 1 cm towards the center, and base measurements are made on the stalk from the surface to 1 cm into the body. Measurements are in micrometers." pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
) and less regular in diameter at the base or in the stalk than in the mid­section of the sponge body. The reticulum is formed by meshes of varied shapes (polygonal to oval), and mesh diameters range between
<quantity id="4CF96C86FFD5101F804C175B969B1451" box="[369,461,524,550]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="4CF96C86FFD5101F8338175B95241451" box="[517,626,524,550]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1200.0">1200 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7E91EBFFD5101F803510D6948F13CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5049108" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5049108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5049108/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[264,367,1409,1433]" targetBox="[415,1171,689,1383]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BBEC163FFD5101F803510D6948F13CC" blockId="3.[264,1323,1409,1467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD5101F803510D696DD13EE" bold="true" box="[264,395,1409,1433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Underwater photograph of various specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C01BAE0FFD5101F829D10D593D913EE" authorityName="Diaz &amp; Soest &amp; Rützler &amp; Guzman" authorityYear="2005" box="[928,1167,1410,1433]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiriquiensis">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD5101F829D10D593D913EE" box="[928,1167,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Aplysina chiriquiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Gulf of Chiriquí, Panamá, Eastern Pacific (20 m deep). scale bar = 7 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31B92E8FFD5101F800513689587108E" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBEC163FFD5101F80051368958210F6" blockId="3.[264,1323,1599,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD5101F800513689692102E" bold="true" box="[312,452,1599,1625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology.</emphasis>
named after the Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="49C50F81FFD5101F83D113689418102E" box="[748,846,1599,1625]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chiriqui</collectingRegion>
where the
<typeStatus id="54BA7FC1FFD5101F82EE13689347102E" box="[979,1041,1599,1625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">types</typeStatus>
were collected and the species was found to be very abundant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEC163FFD5101F800513D89587108E" blockId="3.[264,1323,1599,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD5101F800513D896C910DE" bold="true" box="[312,415,1679,1705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Habitat.</emphasis>
At the
<typeStatus id="54BA7FC1FFD5101F80C813D8957E10DE" box="[501,552,1679,1705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
locality,
<taxonomicName id="4C01BAE0FFD5101F83AE13D894C110DF" authorityName="Diaz &amp; Soest &amp; Rützler &amp; Guzman" authorityYear="2005" box="[659,919,1679,1704]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiriquiensis">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD5101F83AE13D894C110DF" box="[659,919,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Aplysina chiriquiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very abundant on coral reefs in
<quantity id="4CF96C86FFD5101F803513E0962210A6" box="[264,372,1719,1745]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="15.0">15–35 m</quantity>
depth. Its growth form (pedunculate ramose) and rubbery consistency seems well­suited to resisting strong currents.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7E91EBFFD21018803516889528124C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5049110" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5049110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5049110/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[264,368,991,1015]" targetBox="[415,1171,284,978]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BBEC163FFD21018803516889528124C" blockId="4.[264,1323,991,1083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD210188035168896DC1580" bold="true" box="[264,394,991,1015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD2101880A0168895C71581" box="[413,657,991,1014]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C01BAE0FFD2101880A0168895DB1581" authorityName="Diaz &amp; Soest &amp; Rützler &amp; Guzman" authorityYear="2005" box="[413,653,991,1014]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiriquiensis">Aplysina chiriquiensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
external morphology. A) The holotype, a typical slender specimen with smooth tapering solid branches, scale bar = 6 cm; B) Paratype A (USNM 1071035), a stubby specimen, scale bar = 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7E91EBFFD21018803513B496371114" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5049114" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5049114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5049114/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[264,367,1763,1787]" targetBox="[415,1171,1126,1739]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BBEC163FFD21018803513B496371114" blockId="4.[264,1322,1763,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD21018803513B496DD108C" bold="true" box="[264,395,1763,1787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Skeletal morphology of
<taxonomicName id="4C01BAE0FFD21018839D13B394D9108C" authorityName="Diaz &amp; Soest &amp; Rützler &amp; Guzman" authorityYear="2005" box="[672,911,1764,1787]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiriquiensis">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD21018839D13B394D9108C" box="[672,911,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aplysina chiriquiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A) Cross section of fiber reticulation formed by oval to polygonal meshes. Notice the darker pith. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. B) Cross section of fiber reticulation from the pedunculate base. Notice the thick and deformed fibers. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7E91EBFFD310198035144C93F617E4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[264,352,283,307]">
<paragraph id="8BBEC163FFD310198035144C93F617E4" blockId="5.[264,1323,283,403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD310198035144C96211744" bold="true" box="[264,375,283,307]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Skeletal measurements of type specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C01BAE0FFD310198241144B933B1744" authorityName="Diaz &amp; Soest &amp; Rützler &amp; Guzman" authorityYear="2005" box="[892,1133,284,307]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" genus="Aplysina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chiriquiensis">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD310198241144B933B1744" box="[892,1133,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aplysina chiriquiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(range, mean ±1 standard deviation; n=number of measurements). Middle measurements are made half way the length of the branch from the surface to 1 cm towards the center, and base measurements are made on the stalk from the surface to 1 cm into the body. Measurements are in micrometers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBEC163FFD310198036149693AE1598" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<table id="F90133C3FFD3EFE38036149692521598" box="[267,1284,449,1007]" gridcols="5" gridrows="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<tr id="3531C321FFD3EFE38036149692521786" box="[267,1284,449,497]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE380361496969F1786" box="[267,457,449,497]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Specimen</th>
<th id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE380D3149695331786" box="[494,613,449,497]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Body region</th>
<th id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE383A8149694771786" box="[661,801,449,497]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fiber diameter (n = 20)</th>
<th id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE38276149694B21786" box="[843,996,449,497]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pith (% of fiber diameter, n=20)</th>
<th id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE38519149692521786" box="[1060,1284,449,497]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mesh diameter (n=10)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3531C321FFD3EFE38036174192521431" box="[267,1284,534,582]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE380361741969F1431" box="[267,457,534,582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Holotype (USNM 1071034)</th>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE380D3174195331431" box="[494,613,534,582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Middle</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE383A8174194771431" box="[661,801,534,582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">30–80 52 ± 12</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE38276174194B21431" box="[843,996,534,582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">20–40 32 ± 7</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE38519174192521431" box="[1060,1284,534,582]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">250–720 x 580–1200 356 ± 109 x 759 ± 159</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3531C321FFD3EFE38036173C925214EC" box="[267,1284,619,667]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE380D3173C953314EC" box="[494,613,619,667]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Base</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE383A8173C947714EC" box="[661,801,619,667]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">60–110 74 ± 14</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE38276173C94B214EC" box="[843,996,619,667]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10–58 32 ± 12</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE38519173C925214EC" box="[1060,1284,619,667]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">250–490 x 540–1210 415 ± 96 x 745 ± 129</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3531C321FFD3EFE38036179792521487" box="[267,1284,704,752]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE380361797969F1487" box="[267,457,704,752]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratype A (USNM 1071035)</th>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE380D3179795331487" box="[494,613,704,752]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Middle</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE383A8179794771487" box="[661,801,704,752]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">60–100 76 ± 14</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE38276179794B21487" box="[843,996,704,752]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">15–33 25 ± 5</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE38519179792521487" box="[1060,1284,704,752]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">210–660 x 320–950 391 ± 112 x 637 ± 177</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3531C321FFD3EFE38036164292521532" box="[267,1284,789,837]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE380D3164295331532" box="[494,613,789,837]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Base</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE383A8164294771532" box="[661,801,789,837]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">50–180 117 ± 34</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE38276164294B21532" box="[843,996,789,837]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">11–70 27 ± 24</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE38519164292521532" box="[1060,1284,789,837]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">210–490 x 320–710 317 ± 99 x 561 ± 120</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3531C321FFD3EFE38036163D925215ED" box="[267,1284,874,922]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE38036163D969F15ED" box="[267,457,874,922]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratype B (USNM 1071036)</th>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE380D3163D953315ED" box="[494,613,874,922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Middle</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE383A8163D947715ED" box="[661,801,874,922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">30–90 68 ± 17</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE38276163D94B215ED" box="[843,996,874,922]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">18–33 29 ± 5</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE38519163D925215ED" box="[1060,1284,874,922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">320–570 x 480–930 415 ± 96 x 745 ± 129</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3531C321FFD3EFE3803616E892521598" box="[267,1284,959,1007]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE380D316E895331598" box="[494,613,959,1007]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Base</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE383A816E894771598" box="[661,801,959,1007]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">60–210 110 ± 35</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE3827616E894B21598" box="[843,996,959,1007]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">13–41 26 ± 9</td>
<td id="76E0AA5DFFD3EFE3851916E892521598" box="[1060,1284,959,1007]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">170–490 x 400–930 377 ± 92 x 674 ±168</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C31B92E8FFD310198005116893AA12DE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBEC163FFD310198005116893AA12DE" blockId="5.[264,1323,1087,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9751D71FFD3101980051168968E122E" bold="true" box="[312,472,1087,1113]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</emphasis>
Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="49C50F81FFD310198303116895F6122E" box="[574,672,1087,1113]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chiriqui</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F31681F3FFD31019838D11689446122E" box="[688,784,1087,1113]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Panamá</collectingCountry>
) and
<collectingRegion id="49C50F81FFD31019826E1168937F122E" box="[851,1065,1087,1113]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Galápagos Islands</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F31681F3FFD310198507116893F5122E" box="[1082,1187,1087,1113]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
). Incidental observations have been received from “Archipiélago Las Perlas” in
<collectingCountry id="F31681F3FFD310198579113093F212F6" box="[1092,1188,1127,1153]" name="Panama" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Panamá</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F31681F3FFD3101985D51130966B12DE" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(Guzman, per.comm.), and from the Pacific coast of
<collectingCountry id="F31681F3FFD31019829211D8937512DE" box="[943,1059,1167,1193]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(Zea, per.comm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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