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<document id="024520AD2D6300CA415E9839793D7ACA" ID-CLB-Dataset="5704" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.85.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8142c48d-90d2-4bc7-911e-787c685c697c" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5071800" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625516022069" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wolfe, Andrea D." docDate="2013" docId="4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.85.2.56-60.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 85 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.85.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104.3:Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Hyobanche thinophila A. Wolfe 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="B35097483348FFE3FFEDFFCDFF84FFC9" masterDocTitle="Hyobanche thinophila (Orobanchaceae), a new species from the Western Cape of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="56" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1699025097840" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A66F13D63A2F1A013291A3B4E6D7DE27">Hyobanche thinophila (Orobanchaceae), a new species from the Western Cape of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D54A92DE6690F17EB997F40DF6871120">Wolfe, Andrea D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="880DDD71D890FB9E5E2ABD6A20C9714F">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074076" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183326354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5074076" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
<subSubSection id="8FDA0DAD3349FFE2FF7AFDD7FCC1FDFF" box="[151,837,538,566]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C77F5E263349FFE2FF7AFDD7FCC1FDFF" blockId="1.[151,837,538,566]" box="[151,837,538,566]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="9C37E94A3349FFE2FF7AFDD7FCC1FDFF" box="[151,837,538,566]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="00C025A53349FFE2FF7AFDD7FDBFFDFF" ID-CoL="3NLVM" authority="A. Wolfe" authorityName="A. Wolfe" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,571,538,566]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thinophila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5B482343349FFE2FF7AFDD7FE3BFDFF" bold="true" box="[151,447,538,566]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Hyobanche thinophila</emphasis>
A. Wolfe
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE873F4F3349FFE2FDAEFDD7FD20FDFF" box="[579,676,538,566]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" rank="species">
<emphasis id="F5B482343349FFE2FDAEFDD7FD18FDFF" box="[579,668,538,566]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="5FFB42A33349FFE2FD59FDD7FCC1FDFF" box="[692,837,538,566]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1734,1755]" captionTargetBox="[159,1424,709,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-258@1.[151,1436,693,1732]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–H Hyobanche thinophila. Scale bar for A-B below B; scale bar for C-H below D. A. Habit. B. Rhizome. C. Complete flower with bract and bracteoles. D. Corolla interior. E. Pistil. F. Flower bract. G. Flower bracteoles. H. Calyx, showing four fused sepals and one free." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071802/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Fig. 1 A–H</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FDA0DAD3349FFE1FF7AFDABFCA2FC7E" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C77F5E263349FFE2FF7AFDABFDDCFD54" blockId="1.[151,1436,614,669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
<materialsCitation id="77A8547B3349FFE2FF7AFDABFD85FD54" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314054304" collectingDate="2004-09-10" collectionCode="TYPE" country="South Africa" elevation="26" latitude="-33.149113" location="Koeberg Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.415527" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="A1D1C6E33349FFE2FF7AFDABFF5FFDB4" box="[151,219,614,637]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">TYPE</collectionCode>
:—
<collectingCountry id="BFD71EB63349FFE2FF17FDABFE3BFDB4" box="[250,447,614,637]" name="South Africa" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="050490C43349FFE2FE24FDABFDE5FDB4" box="[457,609,614,637]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="C21F08FD3349FFE2FD87FDABFCF0FDB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF:C21F08FD3349FFE2FD87FDABFCF0FDB4" box="[618,884,614,637]" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.149113" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.415527" name="Koeberg Nature Reserve" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Western Cape">Koeberg Nature Reserve</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E13349FFE2FC93FDABFB96FDB4" box="[894,1042,614,637]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" precision="1" seconds="56.8" value="-33.149113">33°08'56.8&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E13349FFE2FBF3FDABFB38FDB4" box="[1054,1212,614,637]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" precision="1" seconds="55.9" value="18.415527">18°24' 55.9&quot; E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0038F3C33349FFE2FB2BFDABFB7AFDB4" box="[1222,1278,614,637]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="26.0">
<elevation id="4CEDB9153349FFE2FB2BFDABFB7AFDB4" box="[1222,1278,614,637]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="26.0">26 m</elevation>
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,
<date id="B37E78E63349FFE2FAE4FDABFF7BFD54" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" value="2004-09-10">
<collectingDate id="A33A810E3349FFE2FAE4FDABFF7BFD54" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" value="2004-09-10">10 September 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="F5B482343349FFE2FEE4FD4BFEFBFD54" box="[265,383,646,669]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Wolfe 1174</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="187BE0843349FFE2FE79FD4BFE79FD54" box="[404,509,646,669]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</materialsCitation>
<collectionCode id="A1D1C6E33349FFE2FDEAFD4BFDCCFD54" box="[519,584,646,669]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" type="Herbarium">NBG</collectionCode>
!).
</paragraph>
<caption id="93BF0EAE3349FFE2FF7AF90BFED1F8DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071802" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5071802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071802/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" startId="1.[151,244,1734,1755]" targetBox="[159,1424,709,1706]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="C77F5E263349FFE2FF7AF90BFED1F8DF" blockId="1.[151,1436,1734,1814]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="F5B482343349FFE2FF7AF90BFE82F912" bold="true" box="[151,262,1734,1755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. A–H
<taxonomicName id="00C025A53349FFE2FEA0F90BFDA6F912" authorityName="A. Wolfe" authorityYear="2013" box="[333,546,1734,1755]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thinophila">
<emphasis id="F5B482343349FFE2FEA0F90BFDA6F912" box="[333,546,1734,1755]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Hyobanche thinophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar for A-B below B; scale bar for C-H below D. A. Habit. B. Rhizome. C. Complete flower with bract and bracteoles. D. Corolla interior. E. Pistil. F. Flower bract. G. Flower bracteoles. H. Calyx, showing four fused sepals and one free.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C77F5E263349FFE1FF7AF8A1FECFFC8A" blockId="1.[151,1436,1900,2003]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,2034]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
Perennial holoparasitic herb; achlorophyllous, lacking leaves and roots; rhizomatous with one to several yellowish rhizomes extending deep into sand dune, numerous secondary haustoria forming from scales where host roots contact rhizome; scales ovate to oblong, 5.0–13.0 × 4.0–10.0 mm, apex acute to slightly obtuse, upper margin ciliate with short multicellular trichomes, abaxial surfaces of above-ground scales puberulent near apex, scales mostly glabrous below ground. Inflorescence a densely-flowered spike, ovate to slightly oblong, 8.3–15.4 ×
<quantity id="0038F3C3334AFFE1FE96FF28FD86FF36" box="[379,514,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="cm" value="5.25" valueMax="6.7" valueMin="3.8">3.8–6.7 cm</quantity>
; flowers tubular with two lateral bracteoles, subtended by a single bract on the abaxial side; floral bract 1.9–3.4 ×
<quantity id="0038F3C3334AFFE1FDD1FEC1FD41FEEF" box="[572,709,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0499999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="cm" value="1.0499999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.4 cm</quantity>
, oblong and keeled adaxially, acute to slightly obtuse, upper margins slightly scarious and entire, proximally pubescent, becoming pubescent to pilose on the distal abaxial surface and densely pubescent on the distal adaxial surface; bracteoles 2.7–3.9 ×
<quantity id="0038F3C3334AFFE1FB83FE94FB73FEBA" box="[1134,1271,345,371]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="cm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.5 cm</quantity>
, lanceolate to broadly linear, acute to acuminate, the upper half pilose. Flowers sessile to subsessile; calyx
<quantity id="0038F3C3334AFFE1FB34FE4DFADBFE53" box="[1241,1375,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.449999999999999" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="cm" value="4.449999999999999" valueMax="5.1" valueMin="3.8">3.8–5.1 cm</quantity>
, four of five sepals fused to ¼–½ their length, the abaxial sepal free or connected to other sepals near calyx base, sepal lobes lanceolate to broadly linear, acute, pilose; corolla light pink, 5.6–6.2 × 1.0–
<quantity id="0038F3C3334AFFE1FB2FFE00FA93FE2E" box="[1218,1303,461,487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="cm" value="1.4">1.4 cm</quantity>
, tubular or slightly curved, slightly inflated above constricted tube 1.1–1.8 ×
<quantity id="0038F3C3334AFFE1FC76FE39FBA5FDC7" box="[923,1057,500,526]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="cm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.9 cm</quantity>
, densely pilose with two minute lapel-like lateral lobes and a small denticle at the base of the corolla mouth, lateral lobes slightly to fully reflexed, denticle
<quantity id="0038F3C3334AFFE1FE9DFD8CFD80FD92" box="[368,516,577,603]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="1.7">1.7–3.3 mm</quantity>
, corolla mouth 1.4–2.0 cm; stamens 4, inserted in the corolla at the point of constriction,
<quantity id="0038F3C3334AFFE1FEC2FDA5FE31FD4B" box="[303,437,616,642]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="cm" value="3.8" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.4">3.4–4.2 cm</quantity>
, one pair slightly shorter than the other, filaments straight with slightly inflated bases, pubescent to tomentose zone at base of stamens and ringing interior surface of corolla at level of insertion, anthers 3.0–5.0 × 2.0–3.0 mm, calceiform, one-celled, small knob or spur on proximal end from vestigial theca, apical pore elongated and slightly recurved, even with corolla mouth to slightly exserted at maturity; pistil recurved ca 90° below stigma, stigma exserted, clavate to nearly capitate, slightly bilobed dorsiventrally. Fruits not seen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C77F5E26334AFFE1FF2BFC82FCA2FC7E" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FF2BFC82FECAFCA0" bold="true" box="[198,334,847,873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Phenology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FE81FC9DFDFCFCA0" authorityName="A. Wolfe" authorityYear="2013" box="[364,632,848,873]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thinophila">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FE81FC9DFDFCFCA0" box="[364,632,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Hyobanche thinophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flowers in the late winter to early spring (August–September), depending on the timing of the winter rains in the
<collectingRegion id="050490C4334AFFE1FD00FCBBFC11FC59" box="[749,917,886,912]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
. One to several inflorescences arise from a single rhizome that may be more than a meter in length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FDA0DAD334AFFE1FF2BFC0EFEDAFBCD" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C77F5E26334AFFE1FF2BFC0EFEDAFBCD" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FF2BFC0EFEE3FC14" bold="true" box="[198,359,963,989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Distribution.</emphasis>
Sand dunes along the coast of
<collectingCountry id="BFD71EB6334AFFE1FD0CFC09FCFCFC17" box="[737,888,964,990]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">South Africa</collectingCountry>
from Struisbaai in the south to Yzerfontein in the west (
<figureCitation id="5FFB42A3334AFFE1FEE5FC27FECBFBCD" box="[264,335,1002,1028]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1712,1733]" captionTargetBox="[285,1312,346,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-144@3.[240,1346,319,1737]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Hyobanche thinophila, which is endemic to the coastline of the Western Cape from Cape Agulhas to the Atlantic coast." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5071804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5071804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FDA0DAD334AFFE1FF2BFBDDFE0DFADA" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C77F5E26334AFFE1FF2BFBDDFE0DFADA" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FF2BFBDDFEABFBE3" bold="true" box="[198,303,1040,1066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FEADFBDCFDC2FBE3" authorityName="A. Wolfe" authorityYear="2013" box="[320,582,1041,1066]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thinophila">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FEADFBDCFDC2FBE3" box="[320,582,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Hyobanche thinophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in early successional sand fynbos habitat (
<bibRefCitation id="A35123D7334AFFE1FB75FBDCFF53FB9B" author="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C." pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="135 - 145" refId="ref2383" refString="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C. (2006) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Strelitzia vol. 19, pp. 135 - 145. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria." type="journal article" year="2006">Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
). The host range for
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FE21FBF5FDD5FB98" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" box="[460,593,1080,1105]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FE21FBF5FDD5FB98" box="[460,593,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Hyobanche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is difficult to determine based on the proximity of other plants because the rhizome system of the parasite can be quite extensive. However, host roots attached to the rhizome of the parasite were collected and their DNA extracted for a barcoding study aimed at identifying the hosts of
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FF7AFB61FE35FB0C" authorityName="A. Wolfe" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,433,1196,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thinophila">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FF7AFB61FE35FB0C" box="[151,433,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Hyobanche thinophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(unpublished data). Three genera have thus far been identified as hosts to
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FA93FB61FE94FB25" authorityName="A. Wolfe" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thinophila">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FA93FB61FE94FB25" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">H. thinophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FECDFB1EFD95FB25" authority="R. Brown" authorityName="R. Brown" box="[288,529,1234,1260]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Metalasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FECDFB1EFE11FB25" box="[288,405,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Metalasia</emphasis>
R. Brown
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FDA6FB1EFC29FB25" authority="Tournefort" authorityName="Tournefort" box="[587,941,1234,1260]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysanthemoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FDA6FB1EFCA2FB25" box="[587,806,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Chrysanthemoides</emphasis>
Tournefort
</taxonomicName>
ex. Medikus (
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FBB5FB1FFB5BFB25" box="[1112,1247,1234,1260]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FACBFB1EFA1FFB25" box="[1318,1435,1235,1260]" class="Aves" family="Cardinalidae" genus="Passerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FACBFB1EFA1FFB25" box="[1318,1435,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Passerina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FF52FB34FEF8FADA" box="[191,380,1273,1299]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thymelaeaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FDA0DAD334AFFE0FF2BFAD2FA14FEEF" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C77F5E26334AFFE1FF2BFAD2FBEBFAF3" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,2034]" box="[198,1135,1311,1338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FF2BFAD2FED7FAF0" bold="true" box="[198,339,1311,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is after the Greek words for sand-dune-loving.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C77F5E26334AFFE1FF2BFA8BFDF5F9A6" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FF2BFA8BFD35FAA9" bold="true" box="[198,689,1350,1376]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Common names [Afrikaans (English)].</emphasis>
Duin katnaels (dune cat nails), duin wolwekos (dune wolves food), duin inkblom (dune ink bloom). The white, exserted and recurved styles of
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FBB1FAA0FB65FA4F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" box="[1116,1249,1389,1414]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FBB1FAA0FB65FA4F" box="[1116,1249,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Hyobanche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the primary reason for katnaels as a common name. Wolwekos as a common name is a misnomer. Wolves are not native to
<collectingCountry id="BFD71EB6334AFFE1FF5AFA77FED2FA1D" box="[183,342,1466,1492]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">South Africa</collectingCountry>
; the niche of wolves is filled by the African wild dog. The origin of this common name is unknown, but may refer to the resemblance of the inflorescence to fresh scraps of carrion (
<bibRefCitation id="A35123D7334AFFE1FB37FA2CFA14FA32" author="Manning, J." box="[1242,1424,1505,1531]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refId="ref2359" refString="Manning, J. (2007) Field Guide to Fynbos. pp. 466 - 467. Struik Nature, Cape Town." type="book" year="2007">Manning 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Inkblom refers to the use of the plant for making ink (
<bibRefCitation id="A35123D7334AFFE1FCC9F9C5FC32F9EB" author="Smith, C. A." box="[804,950,1544,1570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refId="ref2427" refString="Smith, C. A. (1966) Common names of South African plants. p. 255. Botanical Survey Memoir No. 35; Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Pretoria." type="book" year="1966">Smith 1966</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FC39F9C5FBE6F9E8" box="[980,1122,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FC39F9C5FBDBF9E8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" box="[980,1119,1544,1569]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hyobanche</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
similar to other genera in
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FF7AF9E3FED2F981" authorityName="Ventenat" authorityYear="1799" box="[151,342,1582,1608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Orobanchaceae</taxonomicName>
, tends to dry black after harvesting the inflorescence. Dried material is then ground into powder and added to liquid to make ink.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C77F5E26334AFFE1FF2BF9B6FC03F89E" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FF2BF9B6FE27F95C" bold="true" box="[198,419,1659,1685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FE55F9B1FD45F95C" authorityName="A. Wolfe" authorityYear="2013" box="[440,705,1660,1685]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thinophila">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FE55F9B1FD45F95C" box="[440,705,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Hyobanche thinophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FBC8F9B1FB41F95C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" box="[1061,1221,1660,1685]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanguinea">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FBC8F9B1FB41F95C" box="[1061,1221,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">H. sanguinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by dissecting the corolla to examine the interior vestiture: a ring of long multicellular hairs at the level of stamen insertion in
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FA92F96EFE95F92B" authorityName="A. Wolfe" authorityYear="2013" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thinophila">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FA92F96EFE95F92B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">H. thinophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. short glandular hairs scattered throughout the interior surface of the corolla in
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FB18F904FA10F92B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" box="[1269,1428,1737,1762]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanguinea">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FB18F904FA10F92B" box="[1269,1428,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">H. sanguinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The shape of the inflorescence is ovate to slightly elongated in
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FC73F93DFBC4F8C0" authorityName="A. Wolfe" authorityYear="2013" box="[926,1088,1776,1801]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thinophila">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FC73F93DFBC4F8C0" box="[926,1088,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">H. thinophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. compact to oblong in
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FA92F93DFE93F8F9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FA92F93DFE97F8F9" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanguinea">H. sanguinea</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Flowers of
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FE4EF8DAFDBBF8F9" authorityName="A. Wolfe" authorityYear="2013" box="[419,575,1815,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thinophila">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FE4EF8DAFDBBF8F9" box="[419,575,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">H. thinophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are light pink, tubular and non-galeate, and slightly curved to straight vs. scarlet to deep red, galeate and strongly curved in
<taxonomicName id="00C025A5334AFFE1FD09F8F0FC04F89F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" box="[740,896,1853,1878]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orobanchaceae" genus="Hyobanche" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sanguinea">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FD09F8F0FC04F89F" box="[740,896,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">H. sanguinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C77F5E26334AFFE0FF2BF8AEFA14FEEF" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,2034]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,294]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FF2BF8AEFDEBF8B4" bold="true" box="[198,623,1891,1917]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Additional specimens examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="77A8547B334AFFE1FD7FF8A9FB86F86D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314054305" collectingDate="2002-09-06" collectionCode="OS" collectorName="Wolfe" country="South Africa" elevation="26" latitude="-33.149113" location="Koeberg Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.415527" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingCountry id="BFD71EB6334AFFE1FD7FF8A9FCF1F8B7" box="[658,885,1892,1918]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="050490C4334AFFE1FC77F8A9FBCFF8B7" box="[922,1099,1892,1918]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="C21F08FD334AFFE1FB8DF8A9FA13F8B7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF:C21F08FD334AFFE1FB8DF8A9FA13F8B7" box="[1120,1431,1892,1918]" country="South Africa" latitude="-33.149113" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.415527" name="Koeberg Nature Reserve" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Western Cape">Koeberg Nature Reserve</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E1334AFFE1FF7AF847FEBFF86D" box="[151,315,1930,1956]" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" precision="1" seconds="56.8" value="-33.149113">33°08'56.8&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E1334AFFE1FEAAF847FE70F86D" box="[327,500,1930,1956]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" precision="1" seconds="55.9" value="18.415527">18°24' 55.9&quot; E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0038F3C3334AFFE1FDECF847FDBAF86D" box="[513,574,1930,1956]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="26.0">
<elevation id="4CEDB915334AFFE1FDECF847FDBAF86D" box="[513,574,1930,1956]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="26.0">26 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="B37E78E6334AFFE1FDA7F847FCB4F86D" box="[586,816,1930,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2002-09-06">
<collectingDate id="A33A810E334AFFE1FDA7F847FCB4F86D" box="[586,816,1930,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2002-09-06">06 September 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FCD1F846FC3AF86D" box="[828,958,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<collectorName id="6A353BF0334AFFE1FCD1F846FCF9F86D" box="[828,893,1931,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Wolfe</collectorName>
1026
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1D1C6E3334AFFE1FC22F847FC7DF86D" box="[975,1017,1930,1956]" country="USA" name="Oregon State University" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">OS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="77A8547B334AFFE1FBE3F847FEFFF802" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314054308" collectionCode="BOL" country="South Africa" location="Fish Hoek" municipality="Peninsula" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingRegion id="050490C4334AFFE1FBE3F847FBCEF86D" box="[1038,1098,1930,1956]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Cape</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="271BC45C334AFFE1FBBFF847FB4CF86D" box="[1106,1224,1930,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Peninsula</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="C21F08FD334AFFE1FB3FF847FACAF86D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF:C21F08FD334AFFE1FB3FF847FACAF86D" box="[1234,1358,1930,1956]" country="South Africa" municipality="Peninsula" name="Fish Hoek" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Western Cape">Fish Hoek</location>
, 1916,
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FF7AF87CFE9AF803" box="[151,286,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Glover s.n.</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1D1C6E3334AFFE1FEDDF87CFEF6F802" box="[304,370,1969,1995]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" name="University of Cape Town" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">BOL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="77A8547B334AFFE1FE64F87CFF53F83B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314054301" collectingDate="2010-09-20" collectionCode="OS" collectorName="Wolfe" country="South Africa" elevation="3" latitude="-34.0" location="Noordhoek Beach" longLatPrecision="30210" longitude="18.0" municipality="Peninsula" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingRegion id="050490C4334AFFE1FE64F87CFE43F802" box="[393,455,1969,1995]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Cape</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="271BC45C334AFFE1FE3DF87CFDCFF802" box="[464,587,1969,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Peninsula</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="C21F08FD334AFFE1FDBAF87CFCB3F802" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF:C21F08FD334AFFE1FDBAF87CFCB3F802" box="[599,823,1969,1995]" country="South Africa" latitude="-34.0" longLatPrecision="30210" longitude="18.0" municipality="Peninsula" name="Noordhoek Beach" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Western Cape">Noordhoek Beach</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E1334AFFE1FCA9F87CFCFBF802" box="[836,895,1969,1995]" degrees="34" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" precision="55555" value="-34.0">34°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E1334AFFE1FC65F87CFC43F802" box="[904,967,1969,1995]" degrees="18" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" precision="55555" value="18.0">18°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0038F3C3334AFFE1FC38F87CFB83F802" box="[981,1031,1969,1995]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="3.0">
<elevation id="4CEDB915334AFFE1FC38F87CFB83F802" box="[981,1031,1969,1995]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="B37E78E6334AFFE1FBF8F87CFA81F802" box="[1045,1285,1969,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2010-09-20">
<collectingDate id="A33A810E334AFFE1FBF8F87CFA81F802" box="[1045,1285,1969,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2010-09-20">20 September 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FAFEF87CFA1FF803" box="[1299,1435,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<collectorName id="6A353BF0334AFFE1FAFEF87CFAD3F803" box="[1299,1367,1969,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Wolfe</collectorName>
1364
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1D1C6E3334AFFE1FF4DF815FF48F83B" box="[160,204,2008,2034]" country="USA" name="Oregon State University" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">OS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="77A8547B334AFFE1FF0BF815FB75F83B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314054302" box="[230,1265,2008,2034]" collectingDate="2001-09-22" collectionCode="OS" collectorName="Wolfe" country="South Africa" elevation="12" latitude="-34.3819" location="Pringle Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.82493" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1">
<location id="C21F08FD334AFFE1FF0BF815FEF9F83B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF:C21F08FD334AFFE1FF0BF815FEF9F83B" box="[230,381,2008,2034]" country="South Africa" latitude="-34.3819" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.82493" name="Pringle Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Pringle Bay</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E1334AFFE1FE61F815FD9AF83B" box="[396,542,2008,2034]" degrees="34.38190" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="-34.3819">34.38190 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E1334AFFE1FDC0F815FD45F83B" box="[557,705,2008,2034]" degrees="18.82493" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="18.82493">18.82493 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0038F3C3334AFFE1FD3DF815FC97F83B" box="[720,787,2008,2034]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="12.0">
<elevation id="4CEDB915334AFFE1FD3DF815FC97F83B" box="[720,787,2008,2034]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="B37E78E6334AFFE1FCCFF815FB9EF83B" box="[802,1050,2008,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2001-09-22">
<collectingDate id="A33A810E334AFFE1FCCFF815FB9EF83B" box="[802,1050,2008,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" value="2001-09-22">22 September 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="F5B48234334AFFE1FBC4F815FB22F838" box="[1065,1190,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
<collectorName id="6A353BF0334AFFE1FBC4F815FBEAF838" box="[1065,1134,2008,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Wolfe</collectorName>
939
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1D1C6E3334AFFE1FB57F815FB62F83B" box="[1210,1254,2008,2034]" country="USA" name="Oregon State University" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">OS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="77A8547B334AFFE0FAEDF815FBCAFF7B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314054309" collectingDate="2002-09-16" collectionCode="OS" collectorName="Wolfe" country="South Africa" elevation="16" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="59" latitude="-34.34625" location="Pringle Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.827835" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1">
<location id="C21F08FD334AFFE1FAEDF815FA13F83B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF:C21F08FD334AFFE1FAEDF815FA13F83B" box="[1280,1431,2008,2034]" country="South Africa" latitude="-34.34625" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.827835" name="Pringle Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Pringle Bay</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E1334BFFE0FF7AFF55FECDFF7B" box="[151,329,152,178]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" precision="1" seconds="46.5" value="-34.34625">34°20'46.5&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E1334BFFE0FEB4FF55FD89FF7B" box="[345,525,152,178]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" precision="1" seconds="40.2" value="18.827835">18°49'40.2&quot; E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0038F3C3334BFFE0FDF0FF55FDDBFF7B" box="[541,607,152,178]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="16.0">
<elevation id="4CEDB915334BFFE0FDF0FF55FDDBFF7B" box="[541,607,152,178]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="B37E78E6334BFFE0FD83FF55FCE3FF7B" box="[622,871,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" value="2002-09-16">
<collectingDate id="A33A810E334BFFE0FD83FF55FCE3FF7B" box="[622,871,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" value="2002-09-16">16 September 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="F5B48234334BFFE0FC9BFF55FB80FF78" box="[886,1028,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
<collectorName id="6A353BF0334BFFE0FC9BFF55FC38FF78" box="[886,956,152,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Wolfe</collectorName>
1060
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1D1C6E3334BFFE0FBF5FF55FBC0FF7B" box="[1048,1092,152,178]" country="USA" name="Oregon State University" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">OS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="77A8547B334BFFE0FBB0FF55FCB2FF11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314054307" collectingDate="2002-09-04" collectionCode="OS" collectorName="Wolfe" country="South Africa" elevation="10" latitude="-34.381916" location="Hangklip" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.825056" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="1">
<location id="C21F08FD334BFFE0FBB0FF55FB51FF7B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF:C21F08FD334BFFE0FBB0FF55FB51FF7B" box="[1117,1237,152,178]" country="South Africa" latitude="-34.381916" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="18.825056" name="Hangklip" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Hangklip</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E1334BFFE0FB09FF55FA12FF7B" box="[1252,1430,152,178]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" precision="1" seconds="54.9" value="-34.381916">34°22'54.9&quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E1334BFFE0FF7AFF73FEB2FF11" box="[151,310,190,216]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" precision="1" seconds="30.2" value="18.825056">18°49'30.2&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0038F3C3334BFFE0FEAFFF73FE04FF11" box="[322,384,190,216]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="10.0">
<elevation id="4CEDB915334BFFE0FEAFFF73FE04FF11" box="[322,384,190,216]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="B37E78E6334BFFE0FE61FF73FDE7FF11" box="[396,611,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" value="2002-09-04">
<collectingDate id="A33A810E334BFFE0FE61FF73FDE7FF11" box="[396,611,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" value="2002-09-04">4 September 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="F5B48234334BFFE0FD9DFF72FD77FF11" box="[624,755,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
<collectorName id="6A353BF0334BFFE0FD9DFF72FD35FF11" box="[624,689,191,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Wolfe</collectorName>
1021
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1D1C6E3334BFFE0FCE9FF73FCAAFF11" box="[772,814,190,216]" country="USA" name="Oregon State University" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">OS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="77A8547B334BFFE0FCAEFF73FF68FF36" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314054306" collectingDate="1942-09-06" collectionCode="BOL" collectorName="Leighton" country="South Africa" elevation="20" location="Betty's Bay" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="1">
<location id="C21F08FD334BFFE0FCAEFF73FC4EFF11" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF:C21F08FD334BFFE0FCAEFF73FC4EFF11" box="[835,970,190,216]" country="South Africa" name="Betty's Bay" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Betty's Bay</location>
,
<quantity id="0038F3C3334BFFE0FC3BFF73FB90FF11" box="[982,1044,190,216]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="20.0">
<elevation id="4CEDB915334BFFE0FC3BFF73FB90FF11" box="[982,1044,190,216]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="B37E78E6334BFFE0FBCDFF73FB73FF11" box="[1056,1271,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" value="1942-09-06">
<collectingDate id="A33A810E334BFFE0FBCDFF73FB73FF11" box="[1056,1271,190,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" value="1942-09-06">6 September 1942</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="F5B48234334BFFE0FAE9FF72FA1FFF11" box="[1284,1435,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
<collectorName id="6A353BF0334BFFE0FAE9FF72FAE8FF11" box="[1284,1388,191,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Leighton</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1D1C6E3334BFFE0FF4DFF28FF60FF36" box="[160,228,229,255]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" name="University of Cape Town" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">BOL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="77A8547B334BFFE0FF16FF28FBD8FF36" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314054303" box="[251,1116,229,255]" collectingDate="1982-08-14" collectionCode="BOL" collectorName="Burman" country="South Africa" elevation="20" latitude="-34.0" location="Betty's Bay" longLatPrecision="30210" longitude="18.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="1">
<location id="C21F08FD334BFFE0FF16FF28FE08FF36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF:C21F08FD334BFFE0FF16FF28FE08FF36" box="[251,396,229,255]" country="South Africa" latitude="-34.0" longLatPrecision="30210" longitude="18.0" name="Betty's Bay" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Betty's Bay</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E1334BFFE0FE76FF28FE5EFF36" box="[411,474,229,255]" degrees="34" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" precision="55555" value="-34.0">34°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E1334BFFE0FE04FF28FDADFF36" box="[489,553,229,255]" degrees="18" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" precision="55555" value="18.0">18°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0038F3C3334BFFE0FDD5FF28FDFEFF36" box="[568,634,229,255]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="20.0">
<elevation id="4CEDB915334BFFE0FDD5FF28FDFEFF36" box="[568,634,229,255]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="B37E78E6334BFFE0FD64FF28FCD0FF36" box="[649,852,229,255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" value="1982-08-14">
<collectingDate id="A33A810E334BFFE0FD64FF28FCD0FF36" box="[649,852,229,255]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" value="1982-08-14">14 August 1982</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="F5B48234334BFFE0FC8EFF28FC79FF37" box="[867,1021,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
<collectorName id="6A353BF0334BFFE0FC8EFF28FC42FF37" box="[867,966,229,254]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Burman</collectorName>
830
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1D1C6E3334BFFE0FBFDFF28FBD7FF36" box="[1040,1107,229,255]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" name="University of Cape Town" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">BOL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="77A8547B334BFFE0FB86FF28FCAAFEEF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314054311" collectingDate="2004-09-24" collectionCode="OS" collectorName="Wolfe" country="South Africa" elevation="2" latitude="-34.760517" location="Struisbaai" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="20.044167" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="1">
<location id="C21F08FD334BFFE0FB86FF28FB6FFF36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF:C21F08FD334BFFE0FB86FF28FB6FFF36" box="[1131,1259,229,255]" country="South Africa" latitude="-34.760517" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="20.044167" name="Struisbaai" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Struisbaai</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E1334BFFE0FB14FF28FA12FF36" box="[1273,1430,229,255]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="45.631" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" precision="1" value="-34.760517">34°45.631 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2F438E1334BFFE0FF7AFEC1FEA9FEEF" box="[151,301,268,294]" degrees="20" direction="east" minutes="02.650" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" precision="1" value="20.044167">20°02.650 E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="0038F3C3334BFFE0FED4FEC1FEECFEEF" box="[313,360,268,294]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="2.0">
<elevation id="4CEDB915334BFFE0FED4FEC1FEECFEEF" box="[313,360,268,294]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="B37E78E6334BFFE0FE98FEC1FDDFFEEF" box="[373,603,268,294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" value="2004-09-24">
<collectingDate id="A33A810E334BFFE0FE98FEC1FDDFFEEF" box="[373,603,268,294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" value="2004-09-24">24 September 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="F5B48234334BFFE0FD8AFEC1FD6EFEEC" box="[615,746,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
<collectorName id="6A353BF0334BFFE0FD8AFEC1FD2CFEEC" box="[615,680,268,293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Wolfe</collectorName>
1202
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1D1C6E3334BFFE0FD16FEC1FCA1FEEF" box="[763,805,268,294]" country="USA" name="Oregon State University" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">OS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="77A8547B334BFFE0FCD7FEC1FA09FEEF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314054310" box="[826,1421,268,294]" collectingDate="1940-08" collectionCode="BOL" collectorName="Esterhuysen" country="South Africa" location="Struisbaai" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="1">
<location id="C21F08FD334BFFE0FCD7FEC1FC36FEEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F69EF303349FFE0FF7AFDD7FA14FEEF:C21F08FD334BFFE0FCD7FEC1FC36FEEF" box="[826,946,268,294]" country="South Africa" name="Struisbaai" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Struisbaai</location>
,
<date id="B37E78E6334BFFE0FC53FEC1FBD2FEEF" box="[958,1110,268,294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" value="1940-08">
<collectingDate id="A33A810E334BFFE0FC53FEC1FBD2FEEF" box="[958,1110,268,294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" value="1940-08">August 1940</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="F5B48234334BFFE0FB8EFEC1FAB7FEEC" box="[1123,1331,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">
<collectorName id="6A353BF0334BFFE0FB8EFEC1FB75FEEC" box="[1123,1265,268,293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59">Esterhuysen</collectorName>
5042
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="A1D1C6E3334BFFE0FAAEFEC1FA00FEEF" box="[1347,1412,268,294]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15865" name="University of Cape Town" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">BOL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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