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445 lines
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<mods:title id="BF4212B6D481D1DDCD100C28BB6BC377">A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="82B3A64E691A0616BF7B2E1B75F1B82E">Suzuki, Noritoshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="05BC8A3213FBE66035926F5A281964FB">Caulet, Jean-Pierre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ED2EF885D3898D585997763EF74D8840">Dumitrica, Paulian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AE5E70D3D3D111B9161EE392817C842B">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="588DCFD8D6946294C4BE05BD98794D06">
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<mods:date id="EE95313EE49E3215E35CEF52EC6F2BBA">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="042E8950D3A2EE6A91B2B5F439D2F5F0">2021-07-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C75AAA4AA1CC8DF72C7C687C7F43CA45">43</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B119891C1EA4DB92C7810637AA74CDF5">15</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0B2BFA7283B7862D25A90C54849D2511" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a15</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E75AEC4174C4278CD4BCE0021D672A82" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038DDA73FF9FFE39064CF8C7FA5A4C63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5131697" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183733859" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5131697" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038DDA73FF9FFE39064CF8C7FA5A4C63" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038DDA73FF9FFE39064CF8C7FA5A4C63" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9FFE3E064CF8C7FA9A485C" box="[889,1379,1814,1840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9FFE3E064CF8C7FA9A485C" blockId="11.[889,1379,1814,1840]" box="[889,1379,1814,1840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
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<heading id="D0D3DC09FF9FFE3E064CF8C7FA9A485C" box="[889,1379,1814,1840]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" reason="3">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF9FFE3E06FFF8C7FAEB485C" authority="Haeckel, 1882" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[970,1298,1814,1840]" family="Hexacaryidae" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" rank="family">
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HEXACARYIDAE
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E0141F8C7FAEB485C" author="HAECKEL E." box="[1140,1298,1814,1840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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n. stat.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF9FFE390618F883FD074D71" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9FFE3E0618F883FAE848E9" blockId="11.[812,1455,1874,1925]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
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Hexacaryida
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E0699F883FB944806" author="HAECKEL E." box="[940,1133,1874,1898]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 454</bibRefCitation>
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[as a tribe]; 1887: 170, 202 [as a subfamily]. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E06F5F8BCFB9348E9" author="SCHRODER O." box="[960,1130,1901,1925]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref196432" refString="SCHRODER O. 1909. - Die nordischen Spumellarian: Unterlegion Sphaerellaria, in BRANDT K. & APSTEIN C. (eds), Nordisches Plankton. Vol. 17. Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel and Leipzig, Germany: 1 - 66." type="book chapter" year="1909">Schröder 1909: 9</bibRefCitation>
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[as a subfamily].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9FFE3E0618F871FAF248D4" blockId="11.[813,1291,1952,1976]" box="[813,1291,1952,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
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Haliphormida
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E068BF871FB7948D4" author="HAECKEL E." box="[958,1152,1952,1976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 428</bibRefCitation>
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[below tribe].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF9FFE390618F802FCF14E66" blockId="11.[813,1153,2003,2027]" lastBlockId="12.[132,776,215,266]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="11" pageNumber="414">
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Hexacaryinae –
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF9FFE3E06FFF802FB844887" author="CHEDIYA D. M." box="[970,1149,2003,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="414" refId="ref172052" refString="CHEDIYA D. M. 1959. - Obzor Sistematiki Radiolyarii, Tadzhikskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet, Stalingrad, 330 and corrigenda p. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1959">Chediya 1959: 93</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF98FE3905B1FF09FF4C4F81" box="[132,181,216,239]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">TYPE</typeStatus>
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GENUS. —
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39041CFF09FD914F83" authority="Haeckel, 1882: 454" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="454" authorityYear="1882" box="[297,616,215,240]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexacaryum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39041CFF09FE594F83" box="[297,416,216,239]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexacaryum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390493FF06FD914F83" author="HAECKEL E." box="[422,616,215,240]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 454</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF98FE390740FF09FD594F9C" box="[629,672,216,240]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">type</typeStatus>
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species by subsequent monotypy:
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39046BFF22FD044E66" authority="Haeckel, 1887: 203" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="203" authorityYear="1887" box="[350,765,242,266]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexacaryum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="species" species="arborescens">
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39046BFF22FDC04E66" box="[350,569,242,266]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexacaryum arborescens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390775FF23FD044E66" author="HAECKEL E." box="[576,765,242,266]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" refId="ref179311" refString="HAECKEL E. 1887. - Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 18: clxxxviii + 1803. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 23487916" type="url" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887: 203</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE3905B1FEF3FCF14ED2" blockId="12.[132,776,290,446]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
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INCLUDED GENERA. —
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39046BFEF3FD564E56" authority="Dumitrica, 2013 a: 24" authorityName="Dumitrica" authorityYear="2013" box="[350,687,290,314]" class="Polycystinea" family="Actinommidae" genus="Cleveiplegma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39046BFEF3FE2E4E56" box="[350,471,290,314]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Cleveiplegma</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3904EBFEF3FD564E56" author="DUMITRICA P." box="[478,687,290,314]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="21 - 25" refId="ref174717" refString="DUMITRICA P. 2013 a. - Cleveiplegma nov. gen., a new generic name for the radiolarian species Rhizoplegma boreale (Cleve, 1899). Revue de Micropaleontologie 56 (1): 21 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revmic. 2013.01.001" type="journal article" year="2013">Dumitrica, 2013a: 24</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. —
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3907E6FEF3FE664E38" authority="Ehrenberg, 1846: 385" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityPageNumber="385" authorityYear="1846" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3907E6FEF3FF344E38" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Haliphormis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3905E4FEEDFE664E38" author="EHRENBERG C. G." box="[209,415,316,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="382 - 385" refId="ref176119" refString="EHRENBERG C. G. 1846. - Uber eine halibiolithische, von Herrn R. Schomburgk entdeckte, vorherrschend aus mikroskopischen Polycystinen gebildete, Gebirgsmasse von Barbados. Bericht uber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin: 382 - 385. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 11056086" type="book chapter" year="1846">Ehrenberg, 1846: 385</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39048FFEEDFDBA4E38" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[442,579,316,340]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39048FFEEDFDBA4E38" box="[442,579,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39077CFEEDFD7E4E38" bold="true" box="[585,647,316,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF98FE39077CFEEDFD7E4E38" box="[585,647,316,340]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3907A7FEEDFCFE4E38" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[658,775,316,340]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylettus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3907A7FEEDFCFE4E38" box="[658,775,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylettus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3905B1FE86FF3C4E03" bold="true" box="[132,197,343,367]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF98FE3905B1FE86FF3C4E03" box="[132,197,343,367]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3905E7FE87FEB14E02" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[210,328,342,366]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylissus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3905E7FE87FEB14E02" box="[210,328,342,366]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylissus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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synonymized byTakahashi 1991: 71,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390783FE86FF4B4EE5" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390783FE86FF4B4EE5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390582FEA0FF0F4EE5" bold="true" box="[183,246,369,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2630A0CFF98FE390582FEA0FF0F4EE5" box="[183,246,369,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
). —
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390412FEA3FDA74EE5" authority="Haeckel, 1882: 454" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="454" authorityYear="1882" box="[295,606,369,393]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexacaryum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390412FEA3FE654EE5" box="[295,412,370,393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexacaryum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390495FEA0FDA74EE5" author="HAECKEL E." box="[416,606,369,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 454</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. —
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3907B7FEA0FEBE4EC8" authority="Haeckel, 1887: 182" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="182" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchetta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3907B7FEA0FCFC4EE5" box="[642,773,369,393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexalonchetta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3905B1FE5AFEBE4EC8" author="HAECKEL E." box="[132,327,395,420]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" refId="ref179311" refString="HAECKEL E. 1887. - Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 18: clxxxviii + 1803. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 23487916" type="url" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887: 182</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. —
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390458FE5DFD584ECF" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 705" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="705" authorityYear="1879" box="[365,673,395,420]" class="Polycystinea" family="Astrosphaeridae" genus="Hexancistra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390458FE5DFE254ECF" box="[365,476,396,419]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexancistra</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3904D7FE5AFD584ECF" author="HAECKEL E." box="[482,673,395,420]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" refId="ref179205" refString="HAECKEL E. 1879. - Naturliche Schopfungs-Geschichte, 7 th ed. Reimer, Berlin, Germany, 718 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15249" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879: 705</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(=
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3907F5FE5DFF534ED2" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexancora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3907F5FE5DFF534ED2" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexancora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with the same
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF98FE390409FE77FE9F4ED2" box="[316,358,422,446]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
species). —
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3904D5FE76FCFA4ED2" authority="Haeckel, 1882: 451" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="451" authorityYear="1882" box="[480,771,422,446]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexapitys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3904D5FE76FDC24ED2" box="[480,571,423,446]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexapitys</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390774FE77FCFA4ED2" author="HAECKEL E." box="[577,771,422,446]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel, 1882: 451</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE3905B1FE07FE3B4E81" blockId="12.[132,450,469,493]" box="[132,450,469,493]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
|||
|
|
INVALID NAME. —
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39040BFE04FE454E81" box="[318,444,469,493]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexadendron</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE3905B1FDD7FD074D71" blockId="12.[132,766,517,541]" box="[132,766,517,541]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
|||
|
|
NOMINA DUBIA. —
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390472FDD4FE374D71" box="[327,462,517,541]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexadendrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390472FDD4FE374D71" box="[327,462,517,541]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexadendrum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3904EFFDD4FD9A4D71" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[474,611,517,541]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylarium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3904EFFDD4FD9A4D71" box="[474,611,517,541]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylarium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390745FDD4FD014D71" box="[624,760,517,541]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390745FDD4FD014D71" box="[624,760,517,541]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylidium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF98FE3905B1FDE4FCFE4C39" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" type="diagnosis">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE3905B1FDE4FE994DDB" blockId="12.[130,775,565,853]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">DIAGNOSIS. — Six primary radial spines arise directly from a heteropolar or tetrapetaloid microsphere. They are generally distributed at right angles of each other. One spherical lattice shell, one octahedral shell with a polygonal frame, or a similar-shaped meshwork cover can be observed.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE3905B1FD68FCFE4C39" blockId="12.[130,775,565,853]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
|||
|
|
Protoplasm is illustrated for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3904B2FD68FE064DBD" authorityName="Dumitrica" authorityYear="2013" box="[391,511,697,721]" class="Polycystinea" family="Actinommidae" genus="Cleveiplegma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3904B2FD68FE064DBD" box="[391,511,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Cleveiplegma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39073FFD6BFD9B4DBD" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[522,610,698,721]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexapitys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39073FFD6BFD9B4DBD" box="[522,610,698,721]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexapitys</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3907B9FD68FD074DBD" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[652,766,697,721]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3907B9FD68FD074DBD" box="[652,766,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Haliphormis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The endoplasm is very small and fills the medullary shells and is also distributed around the medullary shell.In certain members, undeterminable transparent and brown granules surround the endoplasm. Algal symbionts are sometimes observed. When observed, algal symbionts are found at least inside the cortical shell (in the case of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3907B1FCECFD0E4C39" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[644,759,829,853]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3907B1FCECFD0E4C39" box="[644,759,829,853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Haliphormis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF98FE3905B1FCBCFD564CE9" box="[132,687,877,901]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE3905B1FCBCFD564CE9" blockId="12.[132,687,877,901]" box="[132,687,877,901]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — Late Paleocene-Living.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF98FE3905B1FC64FDB049C1" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE3905B1FC64FF114CA1" blockId="12.[130,777,949,1709]" box="[132,232,949,975]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE3905B1FC05FDB049C1" blockId="12.[130,777,949,1709]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
|||
|
|
The available family-rank name “Haliphormida” and “Hexacaryida” were simultaneously published in
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390762FC25FCFB4B63" author="HAECKEL E." box="[599,770,1012,1039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref179241" refString="HAECKEL E. 1882. - Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft 15: 418 - 472. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8700599" type="journal article" year="1882">Haeckel (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. “Haliphormida” was established below the tribe, while “Hexacaryida” was established at the tribe rank, thus the valid family is “Hexacaryida.” according to the ICZN (1999) Article 24.1. The internal skeletal structure was illustrated for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39074BFBA5FCFC4BE2" authorityName="Dumitrica" authorityYear="2013" box="[638,773,1140,1166]" class="Polycystinea" family="Actinommidae" genus="Cleveiplegma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39074BFBA5FCFC4BE2" box="[638,773,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Cleveiplegma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3905B8FB45FEC64BC2" author="DUMITRICA P." box="[141,319,1172,1198]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="21 - 25" refId="ref174717" refString="DUMITRICA P. 2013 a. - Cleveiplegma nov. gen., a new generic name for the radiolarian species Rhizoplegma boreale (Cleve, 1899). Revue de Micropaleontologie 56 (1): 21 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revmic. 2013.01.001" type="journal article" year="2013">Dumitrica 2013a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: pl. 1, figs 1-9) and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390730FB45FD6A4BC2" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[517,659,1172,1198]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchetta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390730FB45FD6A4BC2" box="[517,659,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexalonchetta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390797FB45FF064BA2" author="ANDERSON O. R. & SWANBERG N. R. & LINDSEY J. L." pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="175 - 187" refId="ref166976" refString="ANDERSON O. R., SWANBERG N. R. & LINDSEY J. L. 1986 a. - Functional morphology and species characteristics of a large, solitary radiolarian Physematium muelleri. The Biological Bulletin 171 (1): 175 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1541915" type="journal article" year="1986">
|
|||
|
|
Anderson
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3905B1FB64FF4E4BA2" box="[132,183,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
1986a
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: pl. 1, figs 3, 4). Protoplasm and algal symbionts were documented by epi-fluorescent DAPI dyeing methods in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3905B7FB22FEF34A61" authorityName="Dumitrica" authorityYear="2013" box="[130,266,1267,1293]" class="Polycystinea" family="Actinommidae" genus="Cleveiplegma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3905B7FB22FEF34A61" box="[130,266,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Cleveiplegma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE39042EFB22FE064A62" author="ZHANG L. L. & SUZUKI N. & NAKAMURA Y. & TUJI A." box="[283,511,1267,1294]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref202691" refString="ZHANG L. L., SUZUKI N., NAKAMURA Y. & TUJI A. 2018. - Modern shallow water radiolarians with photosynthetic microbiota in the western North Pacific. Marine Micropaleontology 139: 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2017.10.007" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|||
|
|
Zhang
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390453FB25FE614A61" box="[358,408,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2018: 14
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, fig.1),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390779FB25FD494A61" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[588,688,1268,1293]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexapitys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390779FB25FD494A61" box="[588,688,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexapitys</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3907F5FB22FED84A42" author="ZHANG L. L. & SUZUKI N. & NAKAMURA Y. & TUJI A." pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref202691" refString="ZHANG L. L., SUZUKI N., NAKAMURA Y. & TUJI A. 2018. - Modern shallow water radiolarians with photosynthetic microbiota in the western North Pacific. Marine Micropaleontology 139: 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2017.10.007" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|||
|
|
Zhang
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3905B1FAC5FF4E4A41" box="[132,183,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2018: 11
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, fig. 17) and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39049AFAC2FDC84A41" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[431,561,1299,1325]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39049AFAC2FDC84A41" box="[431,561,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Haliphormis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390774FAC2FF5B4A21" author="ZHANG L. L. & SUZUKI N. & NAKAMURA Y. & TUJI A." pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref202691" refString="ZHANG L. L., SUZUKI N., NAKAMURA Y. & TUJI A. 2018. - Modern shallow water radiolarians with photosynthetic microbiota in the western North Pacific. Marine Micropaleontology 139: 1 - 27. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2017.10.007" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|||
|
|
Zhang
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3907BAFAC5FD3B4A41" box="[655,706,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2018: 11
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, fig. 18). The fine protoplasmic structure was illustrated in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390594FA82FED34A01" authorityName="Dumitrica" authorityYear="2013" box="[161,298,1363,1389]" class="Polycystinea" family="Actinommidae" genus="Cleveiplegma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390594FA82FED34A01" box="[161,298,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Cleveiplegma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE39040FFA82FD994A01" author="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M." box="[314,608,1363,1389]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="1 - 134" refId="ref180464" refString="HOLLANDE A. & ENJUMET M. 1960. - Cytologie, evolution et systematique des Sphaeroides (Radiolaires). Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris 7: 1 - 134." type="journal article" year="1960">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3332BF5FF98FE39040FFA82FE664A01" box="[314,415,1363,1389]" name="Netherlands" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hollande</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
& Enjumet 1960
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: pl. 47, fig. 5). In the catalogue, the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39045AFAA2FE024AE1" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[367,507,1395,1421]" family="Hexacaryidae" pageId="12" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Hexacaryidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
appear to be incorporated into different families. In poor preservation conditions, taxa with a single spherical cortical shell with six radial spines tend to be misidentified as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390448FA02FD394A82" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[381,704,1491,1518]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexalonchetta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390448FA02FDEB4A81" box="[381,530,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexalonchetta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Hexacaryidae)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3907FAFA02FE844962" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3907FAFA02FF2C4961" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Haliphormis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Hexacaryidae)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, six radial spine
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF98FE390711FA22FDA34961" box="[548,602,1523,1549]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">types</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390742FA22FCFC4961" box="[631,773,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Anomalosoma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3905B9F9C3FE924941" authorityName="Deflandre" authorityYear="1973" box="[140,363,1554,1581]" class="Polycystinea" family="Hollandosphaeridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="family">Hollandosphaeridae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), six radial spine
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF98FE390711F9C2FDA24941" box="[548,603,1555,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">types</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3907B5F9C3FEC34921" authorityName="Popofsky" authorityYear="1912" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Centrolonche" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3907B5F9C3FCFE4940" box="[640,775,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Centrolonche</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Centrocubidae)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and six radial spine
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF98FE390713F9E2FDA64921" box="[550,607,1587,1613]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">types</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3907BCF9E3FEC14901" authorityName="Hollande & Enjumet" authorityYear="1960" class="Polycystinea" family="Hexastylidae" genus="Stigmostylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Entactinaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3907BCF9E3FCF04920" box="[649,777,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Stigmostylus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Centrocubidae)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. It is essential to identify their internal structures in order to differentiate them. If the internal structure is lost, they will be related to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3904F5F943FDBB49C0" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[448,578,1682,1708]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3904F5F943FDBB49C0" box="[448,578,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Haliphormis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C33E38EEFF98FE3905B1F903FA5A4C63" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE3905B1F903FE9C4986" blockId="12.[132,775,1746,1868]" box="[132,357,1746,1772]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">VALIDITY OF GENERA</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE3905B1F923FEFD4860" blockId="12.[132,775,1746,1868]" box="[132,260,1778,1804]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3905B1F923FEFD4860" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[132,260,1778,1804]" class="Polycystinea" family="Astrosphaeridae" genus="Hexancistra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">Hexancistra</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE3905B1F8C3FD184820" blockId="12.[132,775,1746,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
|||
|
|
As
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390592F8C3FED84847" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[167,289,1810,1835]" class="Polycystinea" family="Astrosphaeridae" genus="Hexancistra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390592F8C3FED84847" box="[167,289,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexancistra</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39046EF8C3FE334847" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[347,458,1810,1835]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexancora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39046EF8C3FE334847" box="[347,458,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexancora</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
have the same objective
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF98FE3907ECF8C3FCFE4840" box="[729,775,1810,1836]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
species, the older synonym is selected as the valid name.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE3905B1F8A0FEF748E7" blockId="12.[132,775,1905,2028]" box="[132,270,1905,1931]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3905B1F8A0FEF748E7" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[132,270,1905,1931]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="562" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">Haliphormis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8B9B6B65FF98FE3905B1F840FA5A4C63" blockId="12.[132,775,1905,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[811,1457,215,784]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
|||
|
|
The oldest available name is
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3904F4F840FDBB48C7" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[449,578,1937,1963]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3904F4F840FDBB48C7" box="[449,578,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Haliphormis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390764F840FD2A48C7" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[593,723,1937,1963]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390764F840FD2A48C7" box="[593,723,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Haliphormis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
corresponds with the widely used concept of “
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39075BF860FD2448A7" box="[622,733,1969,1995]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexastylus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39075BF860FD2448A7" box="[622,733,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
” (a Mesozoic genus; see
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE39045DF800FD8D4887" author="O'DOGHERTY L. & CARTER E. S. & DUMITRICA P. & DE WEVER P. & BANDINI A. N. & BAUMGARTNER P. O. & MATSUOKA A." box="[360,628,2001,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="271 - 356" refId="ref189584" refString="O'DOGHERTY L., CARTER E. S., DUMITRICA P., GORICAN s., DE WEVER P., BANDINI A. N., BAUMGARTNER P. O. & MATSUOKA A. 2009 a. - Catalogue of Mesozoic radiolarian genera; Part 2, Jurassic-Cretaceous. Geodiversitas 31 (2): 271 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / g 2009 n 2 a 4" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
|||
|
|
O’Dogherty
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3904C6F803FDD14887" box="[499,552,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2009a
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The former was first synonymized with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390145FF06FAEB4F9D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1136,1298,215,241]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390145FF06FAEB4F9D" box="[1136,1298,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylanthus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390017FF06FC494E7D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390017FF06FA564F9D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1314,1455,215,241]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylettus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">Hexastylettus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390618FF26FC494E7D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[813,944,247,273]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylissus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">Hexastylissus</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3906C6FF26FB8F4E7D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1011,1142,247,273]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3906C6FF26FB8F4E7D" box="[1011,1142,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylurus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The latter four genera have the following morphological characters: regular pores and smooth surface for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390131FEE6FB664E3D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1028,1183,311,337]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390131FEE6FB664E3D" box="[1028,1183,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylanthus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, regular pores and spiny surface for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39069CFE86FBD44E1D" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[937,1069,343,369]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylettus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39069CFE86FBD44E1D" box="[937,1069,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylettus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; irregular-shaped pores of different sizes for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3906BDFEA6FBF24EFD" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[904,1035,375,401]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylissus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3906BDFEA6FBF24EFD" box="[904,1035,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylissus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; irregular-shaped pores of dissimilar in shape and spiny surface for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390153FE47FB154EDC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1126,1260,406,432]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390153FE47FB154EDC" box="[1126,1260,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylurus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3901CEFE47FA504EDD" author="CAMPBELL A. S." box="[1275,1449,406,433]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="11 - 195" refId="ref170808" refString="CAMPBELL A. S. 1954. - Radiolaria, in MOORE R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. Part. D, Protista 3. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence / Kansas: 11 - 195." type="book chapter" year="1954">Campbell 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: D58). The
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="549FD5C7FF98FE39069FFE67FBF44EBC" box="[938,1037,438,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390102FE67FB424EBC" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[1079,1211,438,464]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390102FE67FB424EBC" box="[1079,1211,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Haliphormis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
looks an empty space in the shell (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE390680FE07FB7D4E9C" author="SUZUKI N. & OGANE K. & AITA Y. & SAKAI T. & LAZARUS D." box="[949,1156,470,496]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref198591" refString="SUZUKI N., OGANE K., AITA Y., SAKAI T. & LAZARUS D. 2009 c. - Reexamination of Ehrenberg's Neogene Radiolarian Collections and its Impact on Taxonomic Stability, in TANIMURA Y. & AITA Y. (eds), Joint Haeckel and Ehrenberg Project: Reexamination of the Haeckel and Ehrenberg Microfossil Collections as a Historical and Scientific Legacy. Vol. 40. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs: 87 - 96. https: // www. kahaku. go. jp / research / db / botany / ehrenberg / pdf / 71 - 86. pdf - https: // www. kahaku. go. jp / research / db / botany / ehrenberg / pdf / P- 4 - corr. pdf" type="book chapter" year="2009">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390680FE07FC074E9C" authority="Suzuki & Caulet & Dumitrica, 2021" authorityName="Suzuki & Caulet & Dumitrica" authorityYear="2021" box="[949,1022,470,496]" family="Suzuki" pageId="12" pageNumber="571" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Suzuki</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390133FE06FBC34E9C" box="[1030,1082,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2009c
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: pl. 69, figs 1a-d) although the other specimen in the same microscopic slide has three concentric shells (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFB51694FF98FE3906C6FDC7FB3E4D5C" author="SUZUKI N. & OGANE K. & AITA Y. & SAKAI T. & LAZARUS D." box="[1011,1223,534,560]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref198591" refString="SUZUKI N., OGANE K., AITA Y., SAKAI T. & LAZARUS D. 2009 c. - Reexamination of Ehrenberg's Neogene Radiolarian Collections and its Impact on Taxonomic Stability, in TANIMURA Y. & AITA Y. (eds), Joint Haeckel and Ehrenberg Project: Reexamination of the Haeckel and Ehrenberg Microfossil Collections as a Historical and Scientific Legacy. Vol. 40. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs: 87 - 96. https: // www. kahaku. go. jp / research / db / botany / ehrenberg / pdf / 71 - 86. pdf - https: // www. kahaku. go. jp / research / db / botany / ehrenberg / pdf / P- 4 - corr. pdf" type="book chapter" year="2009">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3906C6FDC7FBC44D5C" authority="Suzuki & Caulet & Dumitrica, 2021" authorityName="Suzuki & Caulet & Dumitrica" authorityYear="2021" box="[1011,1085,534,560]" family="Suzuki" pageId="12" pageNumber="571" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Suzuki</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390173FDC6FB854D5C" box="[1094,1148,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2009c
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
: pl. 69, figs 2a-c). If these
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="9D22A0ECFF98FE390659FDE6FBF04D3C" box="[876,1033,566,593]" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
are conspecific each other,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390018FDE7FA564D3C" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1846" box="[1325,1455,566,592]" class="Polycystinea" family="Acropyramididae" genus="Haliphormis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390018FDE7FA564D3C" box="[1325,1455,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Haliphormis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
would not belong to the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390175FD87FB284D1C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[1088,1233,598,624]" family="Hexacaryidae" pageId="12" pageNumber="568" rank="family">Hexacaryidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and would not be a senior synonym of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3906C6FDA7FB774DFC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1011,1166,630,656]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3906C6FDA7FB774DFC" box="[1011,1166,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylanthus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3901A9FDA7FAD84DFC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1180,1313,630,656]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylettus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3901A9FDA7FAD84DFC" box="[1180,1313,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylettus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390018FDA7FA564DFC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1325,1455,630,656]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylissus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390018FDA7FA564DFC" box="[1325,1455,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylissus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39066EFD47FC264DDC" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[859,991,662,688]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39066EFD47FC264DDC" box="[859,991,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylurus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. If we accept the topotypes, one of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390060FD47FC804DA3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390060FD47FC804DA3" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylanthus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3906B3FD64FBF54DA3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[902,1036,693,719]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylettus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3906B3FD64FBF54DA3" box="[902,1036,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylettus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE39012CFD64FB654DA3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1049,1180,693,719]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylissus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE39012CFD64FB654DA3" box="[1049,1180,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylissus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE3901FAFD64FAAA4DA3" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[1231,1363,693,719]" class="Polycystinea" genus="Hexastylurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Retaria" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE3901FAFD64FAAA4DA3" box="[1231,1363,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylurus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
must be validated. This issue will put aside this time because real species without any internal structure are suspect for “
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2410E6FF98FE390011FD24FA694C63" box="[1316,1424,757,783]" class="Polycystina" family="Actinommidae" genus="Hexastylus" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spumellaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="415" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B950B777FF98FE390011FD24FA694C63" box="[1316,1424,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="415">Hexastylus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
”.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|