<documentid="3904718ABDF2F814EA27092A7F6A7603"ID-CLB-Dataset="303595"ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.958.2663"ID-GBIF-Dataset="efa604bc-2fce-48d0-9099-e32fe76f3dac"ID-ISSN="2118-9773"ID-Zenodo-Dep="13823237"ID-ZooBank="94D3C714-B808-436F-B84B-1398196B1E09"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana"IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana"checkinTime="1726927392335"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Rocha, Alejandra, Doma, Irene, Camarda, Daniele, Ostertag, Belen, Meier, Florencia, Frigieri, Federica, Cesari, Michele & Lisi, Oscar"docDate="2024"docId="A06F87A7AD55FFD45301FB800314FC19"docLanguage="en"docName="EJT.2024.958.77-113.pdf"docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 958 (1)"docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2663/12339"docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1"docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911"docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1"docStyleVersion="14"docTitle="Minibiotus dispositus Rocha, Doma, Camarda, Ostertag, Meier, Frigieri, Cesari & Lisi, 2024, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docUuid="780E50E1-48E8-474C-8935-070FCD6B09AE"docUuidSource="ZooBank"docVersion="7"lastPageNumber="106"masterDocId="5C56FFDFAD53FFC95169FF8B062EFFAF"masterDocTitle="Integrative description of a new species of Minibiotus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Salta City (Argentina)"masterLastPageNumber="113"masterPageNumber="77"pageNumber="83"updateTime="1727100700640"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0"zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0"zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:titleid="4B71C8AE94A92A75CB1E527887FD172B">Integrative description of a new species of Minibiotus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Salta City (Argentina)</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="4BB525CD21760A95E2B964B86045B1A0">National University of La Pampa, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Uruguay Avenue 151, CP L 6300 DUG, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="D545FD813E3347FE9FB51414DD394433">National University of La Pampa, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Uruguay Avenue 151, CP L 6300 DUG, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="3A4626BF50F0DBC56BC8F5DBAE019401">University of Catania, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology, Via Androne 81, 95124, Catania, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="D45688A49DD4C925D6305EAAE97E03BF">National University of La Pampa, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Uruguay Avenue 151, CP L 6300 DUG, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. & University of Catania, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology, Via Androne 81, 95124, Catania, Italy. & National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz Street 2290, CP C 1425 FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="D957ED090588CE0FB4DEF39C72F671F3">National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz Street 2290, CP C 1425 FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="99B735090D97AED1A83A1BC34A631807">University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Life Sciences, Via G. Campi 213 / d, 41125, Modena, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="F462D7FC02B6BAFA20D499C7C74A50A3">University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Life Sciences, Via G. Campi 213 / d, 41125, Modena, Italy. & National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="5EB681564854A55E2B314270DA6A666D">University of Catania, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Animal Biology, Via Androne 81, 95124, Catania, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD55FFCF5301FB800544FB89"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[616,874,1035,1062]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="6"pageNumber="83"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD55FFCF5329FBD90486FBC3"box="[576,680,1106,1132]"captionStart-0="Fig"captionStart-1="Fig"captionStart-2="Fig"captionStart-3="Fig"captionStart-4="Fig"captionStart-5="Fig"captionStart-6="Fig"captionStart-7="Fig"captionStartId-0="7.[188,231,1963,1989]"captionStartId-1="9.[188,231,1814,1840]"captionStartId-2="11.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionStartId-3="12.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionStartId-4="13.[189,232,1858,1884]"captionStartId-5="14.[188,231,1963,1989]"captionStartId-6="16.[189,232,1963,1989]"captionStartId-7="18.[189,232,1763,1789]"captionTargetBox-0="[188,1398,786,1917]"captionTargetBox-1="[188,1398,274,1762]"captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetBox-3="[189,1398,696,1772]"captionTargetBox-4="[214,1374,265,1807]"captionTargetBox-5="[250,1384,817,1880]"captionTargetBox-6="[189,1398,718,1917]"captionTargetBox-7="[189,1398,268,1708]"captionTargetId-0="figure-178@7.[188,1398,786,1917]"captionTargetId-1="figure-12@9.[188,1398,274,1762]"captionTargetId-2="figure-227@11.[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetId-3="figure-186@12.[189,1398,696,1772]"captionTargetId-4="figure-11@13.[214,1374,265,1807]"captionTargetId-5="figure-189@14.[189,1399,802,1915]"captionTargetId-6="figure-158@16.[189,1398,718,1917]"captionTargetId-7="figure-19@18.[189,1398,268,1708]"captionTargetPageId-0="7"captionTargetPageId-1="9"captionTargetPageId-2="11"captionTargetPageId-3="12"captionTargetPageId-4="13"captionTargetPageId-5="14"captionTargetPageId-6="16"captionTargetPageId-7="18"captionText-0="Fig. 1. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov., habitus. A. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM. B. Paratype (slide No. UNICT 6011), PCM. Scale bars in µm."captionText-1="Fig. 2. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Paratypes (UNLPam) under SEM. Type and morphological variation of pores on cuticle. A–C. Cuticular pores of triangular/trilobate shape. D–F. Quadrangular/ quadrilobate. G–I. Pentagonal/star–shaped (with 5 lobes/arms). J–L. Irregular. Scale bars = 1 µm."captionText-2="Fig. 3. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Oral cavity armature. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1089 (3)), ventral lateral view seen in PCM.B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)), ventral view seen in DIC. C–E. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM from different angles. Black filled flat arrowhead indicates teeth of the first band, white empty flat arrowheads indicate teeth of the second band whereas white filled flat arrowheads indicate the third band of teeth. White indented filled arrowhead indicates peribuccal papulae. White indented empty arrowheads indicate cribrous areas. Scale bars in µm."captionText-3="Fig. 4. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus and claws. A, C–E. Holotype (UNLPam 1088(3)). B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)). A. Ventral view of the entire apparatus seen in PCM. B. Ventral view seen in DIC. Claws seen in PCM. C. Claws of legs I. D. Claws of legs II. E. Claws of legs IV. White empty flat arrowhead indicates first macroplacoid, white filled flat arrowheads indicate lunulae, black filled flat arrowheads indicate muscle attachment, black filled indented arrowheads indicate accessory points. Scale bars in µm."captionText-4="Fig. 5. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Paratype (UNLPam). Ventral view and claws seen in SEM. A. Ventral cuticle. B. Claws of legs I. C. Claws of legs III. D. Claws of legs IV. White filled indented arrowheads indicate pulvini, white filled flat arrowhead indicates a lunula, black filled flat arrowheads indicate double muscle attachment under the claws I–III and single continuous muscle attachment under claw IV, white empty arrowheads indicate accessory points. Scale bars in µm."captionText-5="Fig. 6. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Schematic drawing of the arrangement of the pores of the young specimens. A. Dorsal cuticle. B. Ventral cuticle."captionText-6="Fig. 7. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Schematic drawing of the arrangement of the pores of the senior specimens. A. Dorsal cuticle. B. Ventral cuticle."captionText-7="Fig.8.Minibiotusdispositussp.nov.EggsseeninPCM.A.P
;
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD55FFCF53DCFBD90516FBC3"box="[693,824,1106,1132]"captionStart-0="Table 2"captionStart-1="Table 3"captionStart-2="Table 4"captionStart-3="Table 5"captionStart-4="Table 6"captionStartId-0="10.[185,255,616,644]"captionStartId-1="15.[189,259,265,291]"captionStartId-2="19.[185,255,603,631]"captionStartId-3="21.[189,259,265,291]"captionStartId-4="22.[189,259,265,291]"captionTargetBox-0="[203,1905,695,1686]"captionTargetPageId-0="10"captionTargetPageId-1="15"captionTargetPageId-2="19"captionTargetPageId-3="21"captionTargetPageId-4="22"captionText-0="Table 2. Schematization of the dorsal pore pattern of young specimens of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. with reference to the precise body districts."captionText-1="Table 3. Measurements (in µm) andpt values of selected morphological structures of the young paratypes of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. N = number of specimen/structures measured; Range = refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD = standard deviation."captionText-2="Table 4 (continued on next page). Schematization of the dorsal pore pattern of senior specimens of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. with reference to the precise body districts."captionText-3="Table 5. Measurements (in µm) and pt values of selected morphological structures of senior types (including the holotype) of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. (first sampling specimens). N = number of specimen/structures measured; Range = refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD = standard deviation."captionText-4="Table 6. Measurements of selected morphological structures, and other metric traits, of eggs of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. mounted in polivinil lactofenol medium. N = number of eggs/structures measured; Range = refers to smallest and largest structure or value among all measured eggs/structures; SD = standard deviation."httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD59FFC351D0FDE30151FD2B"httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD5CFFC651D4FE8202CBFEC6"httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD40FFDA51D0FDD007C9FD34"httpUri-3="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD46FFDC51D4FE8204CDFE23"httpUri-4="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD45FFDF51D4FE8207CFFE23"pageId="6"pageNumber="83"tableUuid-0="7CB96639AD59FFC351D0FDE30151FD2B"tableUuid-1="7CB96639AD5CFFC651D4FE8202CBFEC6"tableUuid-2="7CB96639AD40FFDA51D0FDD007C9FD34"tableUuid-3="7CB96639AD46FFDC51D4FE8204CDFE23"tableUuid-4="7CB96639AD45FFDF51D4FE8207CFFE23">Tables 2–6</tableCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD55FFCF51D4FB490712FB73"authorityName="R. O. Schuster"authorityYear="1980"box="[189,316,1218,1244]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="6"pageNumber="83"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="genus">
with smooth cuticle but with cuticular pores variously sized (0.9–3.1 µm) and shaped; under SEM, most pores are polygonal or multilobate (3–5 angles/lobes/arms); under PCM, pentagonal pores often appear round, and 5-lobate are rarely observable, only caudal or on legs. Dorsal pores arranged in a group of very cephalic and a group of very caudal pores, with in between a series of transverse bands; young specimens with 8 bands of 1–2 rows; senior specimens with 7 bands of about 2–5 less regular rows (band 8 joined to the very caudal pores). Ventral pores arranged in 7 transverse bands, starting posterior to legs I, of a single row each, but partially duplicated medially in senior specimens. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus typical for the genus; oral cavity armature with three bands of teeth, better visible under SEM, with band I reduced; three macroplacoids (length sequence 3≤ 2<1) and an evident microplacoid in the pharynx. Robust double claws with short, robust accessory points and small, smooth lunules. Faint leg ‘cuticular bars’, divided on legs I–III, undivided on legs IV; no leg granulation, pulvini present on legs I–III. Moderate allometry regarding buccal tube width, macroplacoid and claw length.
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD55FFCF50D7F93E041DF960"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[446,563,1717,1743]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="6"pageNumber="83"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus">
<materialsCitationid="98AE3CECAD54FFCE5183FE1B0719FE5E"collectingDate="2014-05-02"collectionCode="MCNS"collectorName="Rocha & Doma"country="Argentina"county="Salta City"elevation="1150"latitude="-24.788332"location="ARGENTINA"longLatPrecision="21"longitude="-65.41056"pageId="7"pageNumber="84"specimenCode="MCNS Tar. 000026(1), Tar. 000026(4)"specimenCount="2"stateProvince="Salta"typeStatus="paratype">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD54FFCE507EF820043BF86A"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[279,533,1963,1989]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="7"pageNumber="84"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
<emphasisid="1AB2EAA3AD5BFFC151D4FEE60507FE28"bold="true"box="[189,809,365,392]"pageId="8"pageNumber="85">General morphological description of the animals</emphasis>
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5BFFC1509BFE170417FE19"box="[498,569,412,438]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="7.[188,231,1963,1989]"captionTargetBox="[188,1398,786,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-178@7.[188,1398,786,1917]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 1. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov., habitus. A. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM. B. Paratype (slide No. UNICT 6011), PCM. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823239"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823239/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="85">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD5BFFC15320FE170480FE19"box="[585,686,412,438]"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="15.[189,259,265,291]"captionTargetPageId="15"captionText="Table 3. Measurements (in µm) andpt values of selected morphological structures of the young paratypes of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. N = number of specimen/structures measured; Range = refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD = standard deviation."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD5CFFC651D4FE8202CBFEC6"pageId="8"pageNumber="85"tableUuid="7CB96639AD5CFFC651D4FE8202CBFEC6">Tables 3</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD5BFFC153D4FE1704E3FE18"box="[701,717,412,439]"captionStart="Table 5"captionStartId="21.[189,259,265,291]"captionTargetPageId="21"captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in µm) and pt values of selected morphological structures of senior types (including the holotype) of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. (first sampling specimens). N = number of specimen/structures measured; Range = refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD = standard deviation."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD46FFDC51D4FE8204CDFE23"pageId="8"pageNumber="85"tableUuid="7CB96639AD46FFDC51D4FE8204CDFE23">5</tableCitation>
), yellowish before mounting, transparent after mounting. Eyespots, small and very caudal, present (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5BFFC153C2FE340528FE76"box="[683,774,447,473]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="7.[188,231,1963,1989]"captionTargetBox="[188,1398,786,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-178@7.[188,1398,786,1917]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 1. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov., habitus. A. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM. B. Paratype (slide No. UNICT 6011), PCM. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823239"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823239/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="85">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
Smooth cuticle with pores of different shapes. Under PCM, apparently, the smaller pores (around 1 µm) are usually roundish (though often with irregular margins), or few elliptical, while the larger typically triangular, quadrangular, trilobate or quadrilobate (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5BFFC15273FDCC054AFDCE"box="[794,868,583,609]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="9.[188,231,1814,1840]"captionTargetBox="[188,1398,274,1762]"captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[188,1398,274,1762]"captionTargetPageId="9"captionText="Fig. 2. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Paratypes (UNLPam) under SEM. Type and morphological variation of pores on cuticle. A–C. Cuticular pores of triangular/trilobate shape. D–F. Quadrangular/ quadrilobate. G–I. Pentagonal/star–shaped (with 5 lobes/arms). J–L. Irregular. Scale bars = 1 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823241"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823241/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); the pore size is 0.9–3.1 µm on the dorsum (with the biggest on the head, on the mid-dorsal line along the body, and on the caudal extremity), 1.3–3.4 µm on the legs, 1.0–1.8 µm on the ventral cuticle. Coherently, dorsal pores, on average bigger, appear more often non-roundish, while the ventral ones on average smaller, appear more often roundish. Exceptionally, some caudal or leg pore may appear pentagonal- or, extremely rarely, star-shaped (with five lobes/arms;
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5BFFC15014FD7C07ECFCBE"box="[381,450,759,785]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="9.[188,231,1814,1840]"captionTargetBox="[188,1398,274,1762]"captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[188,1398,274,1762]"captionTargetPageId="9"captionText="Fig. 2. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Paratypes (UNLPam) under SEM. Type and morphological variation of pores on cuticle. A–C. Cuticular pores of triangular/trilobate shape. D–F. Quadrangular/ quadrilobate. G–I. Pentagonal/star–shaped (with 5 lobes/arms). J–L. Irregular. Scale bars = 1 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823241"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823241/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) under PCM, but this occurs only in few specimens and in only 1–2 pores in each of these few specimens.
SEM reveals that pores are actually never perfectly rounded; instead, few small pores are truly elliptical, a minority (of any size) is irregular, while the rest are all (both dorsal and ventral, smaller and larger) polygonal or multilobate, from three to five angles/lobes/arms (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5BFFC152CEFC2905DEFC13"box="[935,1008,930,956]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="9.[188,231,1814,1840]"captionTargetBox="[188,1398,274,1762]"captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[188,1398,274,1762]"captionTargetPageId="9"captionText="Fig. 2. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Paratypes (UNLPam) under SEM. Type and morphological variation of pores on cuticle. A–C. Cuticular pores of triangular/trilobate shape. D–F. Quadrangular/ quadrilobate. G–I. Pentagonal/star–shaped (with 5 lobes/arms). J–L. Irregular. Scale bars = 1 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823241"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823241/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); pores in an unsuitable position, and/or too small, may give the false impression to be irregularly roundish under SEM also, and, obviously, the lower magnification of PCM gives the impression of seeing a more common shape, especially where pores are smaller.
There is no clear distinction between polygonal and multilobate pores, since there are many intermediate shapes (e.g., between triangular and three-lobated/armed, or between quadrangular and four-lobated/ armed), and, very probably, each pore may partially appear more polygonal or multilobate depending on the cuticle distention or contraction. Pentagonal pores are less common but more easily detectable under SEM with respect to PCM (several of them can be seen on each specimen), while properly star-shaped (with five arms/lobes) are quite rare: some of the specimens mounted for SEM apparently lack them, while the others may show one or few of them (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5BFFC15387FAAB0518FA94"box="[750,822,1312,1339]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="9.[188,231,1814,1840]"captionTargetBox="[188,1398,274,1762]"captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[188,1398,274,1762]"captionTargetPageId="9"captionText="Fig. 2. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Paratypes (UNLPam) under SEM. Type and morphological variation of pores on cuticle. A–C. Cuticular pores of triangular/trilobate shape. D–F. Quadrangular/ quadrilobate. G–I. Pentagonal/star–shaped (with 5 lobes/arms). J–L. Irregular. Scale bars = 1 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823241"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823241/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
Pores are arranged in transverse bands made of one or more transverse rows (more regular in young specimens). The cuticle along the body, as visible in most eutardigrades, forms transverse folds marking the division into the five body segments (head plus four segments of the trunk), and, additionally, each segment is subdivided into 2 ‘subsegments’, one more anterior, and one more posterior, by an additional transverse cuticular fold. In this way, there are ten cuticular subsegments of the body clearly followed by the dorsal (
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD5BFFC1500CF99907E5F983"box="[357,459,1554,1580]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="10.[185,255,616,644]"captionTargetBox="[203,1905,695,1686]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Table 2. Schematization of the dorsal pore pattern of young specimens of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. with reference to the precise body districts."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD59FFC351D0FDE30151FD2B"pageId="8"pageNumber="85"tableUuid="7CB96639AD59FFC351D0FDE30151FD2B">Tables 2</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD5BFFC150B1F99907C7F983"box="[472,489,1554,1580]"captionStart="Table 4"captionStartId="19.[185,255,603,631]"captionTargetPageId="19"captionText="Table 4 (continued on next page). Schematization of the dorsal pore pattern of senior specimens of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. with reference to the precise body districts."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD40FFDA51D0FDD007C9FD34"pageId="8"pageNumber="85"tableUuid="7CB96639AD40FFDA51D0FDD007C9FD34">4</tableCitation>
Smaller (97–156 µm, called young) and larger (180–342 µm, called senior) specimens show differences in the pore number and arrangement on each subsegment, but we concluded they must belong to the same species (additionally to having been found in the same sample, first sampling) for the following reasons: 1) only
was found; 2) most morphological characters were the same; 3) regarding the more detailed characters for which they differed, the two groups had clear body size distinction (97–156 µm vs 180–342 µm) with no exceptions; 4) the main difference regarded the pore number and pattern, but this was consistent with ontogenetic changes documented in other species (e.g.,
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD5BFFC1559EF8AD0500F8CB"authority="Londono, Daza, Lisi & Quiroga, 2017"authorityName="Londono, Daza, Lisi & Quiroga"authorityYear="2017"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="8"pageNumber="85"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="pentannulatus">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD5BFFC15003F8C10500F8CB"author="Londono R. & Daza A. & Lisi O. & Quiroga S."box="[362,814,1866,1892]"pageId="8"pageNumber="85"pagination="807 - 814"refId="ref16883"refString="Londono R., Daza A., Lisi O. & Quiroga S. 2017. New species of waterbear Minibiotus pentannulatus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Colombia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 88: 807 - 814. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rmb. 2017.10.040"type="journal article"year="2017">Londoño, Daza, Lisi & Quiroga, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), and the pattern of the bigger specimens was still perfectly comparable with that of the smaller, just more complicated due to the appearance of more pores; 5) the other differences were metric, but they all appeared consistent with allometric growing (buccal tube becoming wider, and placoids and claws becoming longer) already known in eutardigrades, especially macrobiotids. Besides, specimens from resampling (only large individuals) matched perfectly the morphology and the morphometry of the large animals obtained from the first sampling.
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD5AFFC05077F89D0431F89F"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[286,543,1814,1840]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="9"pageNumber="86"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
Schematization of the dorsal pore pattern of young specimens of
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD59FFC35549FDE30332FD2B"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[1056,1308,616,644]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="10"pageNumber="87"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
<tdid="D5275D8FAD5900365203FCD4039CFC3F"box="[874,1458,863,912]"gridcol="3"gridrow="6"pageId="10"pageNumber="87">plus one very small pore lateral to each eye</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD5900365005FC12045EFBE4"box="[364,624,921,1099]"gridcol="1"gridrow="7"pageId="10"pageNumber="87"rowspan="4"rowspanBelow="3">Second segment (segment I of the trunk), with legs I</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD59003653EAFC38054CFC4B"box="[643,866,947,996]"gridcol="2"gridrow="7"pageId="10"pageNumber="87"rowspan="2"rowspanBelow="1">3 (with legs I)</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD590036557FFB9100EFFBE4"box="[1046,1729,1050,1099]"gridcol="4"gridrow="10"pageId="10"pageNumber="87">10 – 12 with 2 medio – lateral pores aligned longitudinally on each side</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD5900365005FBD8045EFAAA"box="[364,624,1107,1285]"gridcol="1"gridrow="11"pageId="10"pageNumber="87"rowspan="3"rowspanBelow="2">Third segment (segment II of the trunk), with legs II</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD59003653EAFBD8054CFB2B"box="[643,866,1107,1156]"gridcol="2"gridrow="11"pageId="10"pageNumber="87">5 (with legs II)</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD590036557FFB5F00EFFAAA"box="[1046,1729,1236,1285]"gridcol="4"gridrow="13"pageId="10"pageNumber="87">12 with 2 medio – lateral pores aligned longitudinally on each side</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD5900365005FA85045EFA4D"box="[364,624,1294,1506]"gridcol="1"gridrow="14"pageId="10"pageNumber="87"rowspan="4"rowspanBelow="3">Fourth segment (segment III of the trunk), with legs III</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD59003655D5FA8500EFFA07"box="[1212,1729,1294,1448]"gridcol="4"gridrow="14"pageId="10"pageNumber="87"rowspan="3"rowspanBelow="2">4/6 lateral circle of 5 4/6 1 big anterior some caudal smaller</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD590036557FFA3A00EFFA4D"box="[1046,1729,1457,1506]"gridcol="4"gridrow="17"pageId="10"pageNumber="87">10 – 12 with 2 medio – lateral pores aligned longitudinally on each side</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD5900365005FA60045EF939"box="[364,624,1515,1686]"gridcol="1"gridrow="18"pageId="10"pageNumber="87"rowspan="4"rowspanBelow="3">Fifth segment (segment IV of the trunk), with legs IV</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD590036557FFA6000EFF9B3"box="[1046,1729,1515,1564]"gridcol="4"gridrow="18"pageId="10"pageNumber="87">10 – 12 with 2 medio – lateral pores aligned longitudinally on each side</td>
As already mentioned, noticeable differences in the pore number and arrangement on each subsegment can be seen between young and senior specimens; for this reason, their pattern is indicated separately in the subsequent paragraphs with the pertinent tables and illustrations. It must be stressed that the determination of bands, rows and pore number and shape, was obtained through the observation of all specimens of each group (i.e., young and senior specimens); the bands of pores and the average pattern were always recognisable, but the precise number, disposition and shape of the pores composing the rows, or other patterns, had some degree of variability (especially in senior specimens); for this reason, descriptions and illustrations (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD58FFC25348FDEF04A4FDD1"box="[545,650,612,638]"captionStart-0="Fig"captionStart-1="Fig"captionStartId-0="14.[188,231,1963,1989]"captionStartId-1="16.[189,232,1963,1989]"captionTargetBox-0="[250,1384,817,1880]"captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,718,1917]"captionTargetId-0="figure-189@14.[189,1399,802,1915]"captionTargetId-1="figure-158@16.[189,1398,718,1917]"captionTargetPageId-0="14"captionTargetPageId-1="16"captionText-0="Fig. 6. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Schematic drawing of the arrangement of the pores of the young specimens. A. Dorsal cuticle. B. Ventral cuticle."captionText-1="Fig. 7. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Schematic drawing of the arrangement of the pores of the senior specimens. A. Dorsal cuticle. B. Ventral cuticle."figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823251"figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823253"httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13823251/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13823253/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="88">Figs 6–7</figureCitation>
) are partially schematic trying to take into account the average situation of most specimens and have to be intended more as a tendency than an exact, constant reality.
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD58FFC25272FD4205B4FD4C"box="[795,922,713,739]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="11.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetId="figure-227@11.[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Fig. 3. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Oral cavity armature. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1089 (3)), ventral lateral view seen in PCM.B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)), ventral view seen in DIC. C–E. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM from different angles. Black filled flat arrowhead indicates teeth of the first band, white empty flat arrowheads indicate teeth of the second band whereas white filled flat arrowheads indicate the third band of teeth. White indented filled arrowhead indicates peribuccal papulae. White indented empty arrowheads indicate cribrous areas. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823243"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823243/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="88">Fig. 3C–E</figureCitation>
, SEM), very probably corresponding to reduced lamellae (see
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD58FFC250A3FD6704B8FCA9"author="Stec D. & Kristensen R. M. & Michalczyk L."box="[458,662,748,774]"pageId="11"pageNumber="88"pagination="117 - 134"refId="ref18618"refString="Stec D., Kristensen R. M. & Michalczyk L. 2020 a. An integrative description of Minibiotus ioculator sp. nov. from the Republic of South Africa with notes on Minibiotus pentannulatus Londono et al., 2017 (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 286: 117 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2020.03.007"type="journal article"year="2020">
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD58FFC252DDFD6705D2FCA9"box="[948,1020,748,774]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="11.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetId="figure-227@11.[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Fig. 3. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Oral cavity armature. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1089 (3)), ventral lateral view seen in PCM.B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)), ventral view seen in DIC. C–E. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM from different angles. Black filled flat arrowhead indicates teeth of the first band, white empty flat arrowheads indicate teeth of the second band whereas white filled flat arrowheads indicate the third band of teeth. White indented filled arrowhead indicates peribuccal papulae. White indented empty arrowheads indicate cribrous areas. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823243"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823243/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="88">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) with three bands of teeth. The first band, very reduced and visible only under SEM, is located at the basal zone of peribuccal papulae and composed of a single row of small cone-shaped teeth fused to form a continuous ring ridge around the oral cavity (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5FFFC5501FFEA707FAFEE9"box="[374,468,300,326]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="11.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetId="figure-227@11.[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Fig. 3. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Oral cavity armature. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1089 (3)), ventral lateral view seen in PCM.B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)), ventral view seen in DIC. C–E. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM from different angles. Black filled flat arrowhead indicates teeth of the first band, white empty flat arrowheads indicate teeth of the second band whereas white filled flat arrowheads indicate the third band of teeth. White indented filled arrowhead indicates peribuccal papulae. White indented empty arrowheads indicate cribrous areas. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823243"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823243/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="89">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). The second band of teeth comprises one row of rather large, globular-shaped, separate teeth (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5FFFC55005FEC407E7FEC6"box="[364,457,335,361]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="11.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetId="figure-227@11.[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Fig. 3. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Oral cavity armature. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1089 (3)), ventral lateral view seen in PCM.B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)), ventral view seen in DIC. C–E. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM from different angles. Black filled flat arrowhead indicates teeth of the first band, white empty flat arrowheads indicate teeth of the second band whereas white filled flat arrowheads indicate the third band of teeth. White indented filled arrowhead indicates peribuccal papulae. White indented empty arrowheads indicate cribrous areas. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823243"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823243/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="89">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
), partially visible under light microscopy (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5FFFC552D3FEC40218FEC6"box="[954,1078,335,361]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="11.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetId="figure-227@11.[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Fig. 3. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Oral cavity armature. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1089 (3)), ventral lateral view seen in PCM.B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)), ventral view seen in DIC. C–E. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM from different angles. Black filled flat arrowhead indicates teeth of the first band, white empty flat arrowheads indicate teeth of the second band whereas white filled flat arrowheads indicate the third band of teeth. White indented filled arrowhead indicates peribuccal papulae. White indented empty arrowheads indicate cribrous areas. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823243"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823243/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="89">Fig. 3A–B</figureCitation>
PCM and DIC), depending on the animal size and quality of the preparation: it may be also invisible or appearing as an irregular line since teeth are not distinguishable from one another; this second band of teeth is instead very obvious under SEM (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5FFFC55039FE3207E0FE7C"box="[336,462,441,467]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="11.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetId="figure-227@11.[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Fig. 3. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Oral cavity armature. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1089 (3)), ventral lateral view seen in PCM.B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)), ventral view seen in DIC. C–E. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM from different angles. Black filled flat arrowhead indicates teeth of the first band, white empty flat arrowheads indicate teeth of the second band whereas white filled flat arrowheads indicate the third band of teeth. White indented filled arrowhead indicates peribuccal papulae. White indented empty arrowheads indicate cribrous areas. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823243"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823243/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="89">Fig. 3D–E</figureCitation>
). Third band of teeth (buccal crests) difficult to see under light microscopy; under SEM, in our specimens it was possible to see only the dorsal portion, made of three little-protruding ridges, with two lateral, and one medial bearing two sharpened teeth (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5FFFC5556AFE7402ABFDB6"box="[1027,1157,511,537]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="11.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetId="figure-227@11.[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Fig. 3. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Oral cavity armature. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1089 (3)), ventral lateral view seen in PCM.B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)), ventral view seen in DIC. C–E. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM from different angles. Black filled flat arrowhead indicates teeth of the first band, white empty flat arrowheads indicate teeth of the second band whereas white filled flat arrowheads indicate the third band of teeth. White indented filled arrowhead indicates peribuccal papulae. White indented empty arrowheads indicate cribrous areas. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823243"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823243/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="89">Fig. 3D–E</figureCitation>
); ventral portion not visible under SEM in our specimens, but supposedly more developed than the dorsal one, since slightly better visible under DIC, showing two lateral crests and a median tooth (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5FFFC55578FDCD0243FDCF"box="[1041,1133,582,608]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="11.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetId="figure-227@11.[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Fig. 3. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Oral cavity armature. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1089 (3)), ventral lateral view seen in PCM.B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)), ventral view seen in DIC. C–E. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM from different angles. Black filled flat arrowhead indicates teeth of the first band, white empty flat arrowheads indicate teeth of the second band whereas white filled flat arrowheads indicate the third band of teeth. White indented filled arrowhead indicates peribuccal papulae. White indented empty arrowheads indicate cribrous areas. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823243"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823243/files/figure.png"pageId="12"pageNumber="89">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD58FFC25070F8950438F897"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[281,534,1822,1848]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="11"pageNumber="88"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
), SEM from different angles. Black filled flat arrowhead indicates teeth of the first band, white empty flat arrowheads indicate teeth of the second band whereas white filled flat arrowheads indicate the third band of teeth. White indented filled arrowhead indicates peribuccal papulae. White indented empty arrowheads indicate cribrous areas. Scale bars in µm.
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD5FFFC55049F895040CF897"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[288,546,1822,1848]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="12"pageNumber="89"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
. Claws of legs IV. White empty flat arrowhead indicates first macroplacoid, white filled flat arrowheads indicate lunulae, black filled flat arrowheads indicate muscle attachment, black filled indented arrowheads indicate accessory points. Scale bars in µm.
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD5EFFC45077F8C80430F8F2"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[286,542,1859,1885]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="13"pageNumber="90"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
. Claws of legs IV. White filled indented arrowheads indicate pulvini, white filled flat arrowhead indicates a lunula, black filled flat arrowheads indicate double muscle attachment under the claws I–III and single continuous muscle attachment under claw IV, white empty arrowheads indicate accessory points. Scale bars in µm.
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD5DFFC75301FE8204C9FE8C"authorityName="R. O. Schuster"authorityYear="1980"box="[616,743,265,291]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="14"pageNumber="91"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="genus">
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5DFFC7525FFE820594FE8C"box="[822,954,265,291]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="12.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,696,1772]"captionTargetId="figure-186@12.[189,1398,696,1772]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="Fig. 4. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus and claws. A, C–E. Holotype (UNLPam 1088(3)). B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)). A. Ventral view of the entire apparatus seen in PCM. B. Ventral view seen in DIC. Claws seen in PCM. C. Claws of legs I. D. Claws of legs II. E. Claws of legs IV. White empty flat arrowhead indicates first macroplacoid, white filled flat arrowheads indicate lunulae, black filled flat arrowheads indicate muscle attachment, black filled indented arrowheads indicate accessory points. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823245/files/figure.png"pageId="14"pageNumber="91">Fig. 4A–B</figureCitation>
). Buccal tube rigid with anterior and posterior dorsal bends; well-developed ventral lamina. Buccal tube wall with cribrous areas, at least anteriorly (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5DFFC75056FEC407B7FEC5"box="[319,409,335,362]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="11.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetId="figure-227@11.[189,1398,868,1774]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="Fig. 3. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Oral cavity armature. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1089 (3)), ventral lateral view seen in PCM.B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)), ventral view seen in DIC. C–E. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM from different angles. Black filled flat arrowhead indicates teeth of the first band, white empty flat arrowheads indicate teeth of the second band whereas white filled flat arrowheads indicate the third band of teeth. White indented filled arrowhead indicates peribuccal papulae. White indented empty arrowheads indicate cribrous areas. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823243"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823243/files/figure.png"pageId="14"pageNumber="91">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Pharyngeal bulb oval, with triangular apophyses, three granular macroplacoids and a small microplacoid. The macroplacoid length sequence is 3≤ 2 <1. The first macroplacoid tapering anteriorly (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5DFFC7502DFE1D0788FE1F"box="[324,422,406,432]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="12.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,696,1772]"captionTargetId="figure-186@12.[189,1398,696,1772]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="Fig. 4. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus and claws. A, C–E. Holotype (UNLPam 1088(3)). B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)). A. Ventral view of the entire apparatus seen in PCM. B. Ventral view seen in DIC. Claws seen in PCM. C. Claws of legs I. D. Claws of legs II. E. Claws of legs IV. White empty flat arrowhead indicates first macroplacoid, white filled flat arrowheads indicate lunulae, black filled flat arrowheads indicate muscle attachment, black filled indented arrowheads indicate accessory points. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823245/files/figure.png"pageId="14"pageNumber="91">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). All macroplacoids without constrictions. Robust double claws with short and robust accessory points and small, smooth lunules (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5DFFC75266FE3205A1FE7C"box="[783,911,441,467]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="12.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,696,1772]"captionTargetId="figure-186@12.[189,1398,696,1772]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="Fig. 4. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus and claws. A, C–E. Holotype (UNLPam 1088(3)). B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)). A. Ventral view of the entire apparatus seen in PCM. B. Ventral view seen in DIC. Claws seen in PCM. C. Claws of legs I. D. Claws of legs II. E. Claws of legs IV. White empty flat arrowhead indicates first macroplacoid, white filled flat arrowheads indicate lunulae, black filled flat arrowheads indicate muscle attachment, black filled indented arrowheads indicate accessory points. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823245/files/figure.png"pageId="14"pageNumber="91">Figs 4C–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5DFFC752F3FE320585FE7B"box="[922,939,441,468]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="13.[189,232,1858,1884]"captionTargetBox="[214,1374,265,1807]"captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[214,1374,265,1807]"captionTargetPageId="13"captionText="Fig. 5. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Paratype (UNLPam). Ventral view and claws seen in SEM. A. Ventral cuticle. B. Claws of legs I. C. Claws of legs III. D. Claws of legs IV. White filled indented arrowheads indicate pulvini, white filled flat arrowhead indicates a lunula, black filled flat arrowheads indicate double muscle attachment under the claws I–III and single continuous muscle attachment under claw IV, white empty arrowheads indicate accessory points. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13829348"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13829348/files/figure.png"pageId="14"pageNumber="91">5</figureCitation>
). Faint leg cuticular bars (i.e., muscular attaches), divided on legs I–III, undivided on legs IV, but not visible on all specimens under PCM (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5DFFC751AFFE74076DFDB5"box="[198,323,511,538]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="12.[189,232,1822,1848]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,696,1772]"captionTargetId="figure-186@12.[189,1398,696,1772]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="Fig. 4. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus and claws. A, C–E. Holotype (UNLPam 1088(3)). B. Paratype (MCNS Tar. 000026(1)). A. Ventral view of the entire apparatus seen in PCM. B. Ventral view seen in DIC. Claws seen in PCM. C. Claws of legs I. D. Claws of legs II. E. Claws of legs IV. White empty flat arrowhead indicates first macroplacoid, white filled flat arrowheads indicate lunulae, black filled flat arrowheads indicate muscle attachment, black filled indented arrowheads indicate accessory points. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823245"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823245/files/figure.png"pageId="14"pageNumber="91">Fig. 4C–E</figureCitation>
); clearly visible under SEM (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5DFFC753FFFE7404F3FDB5"box="[662,733,511,538]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="13.[189,232,1858,1884]"captionTargetBox="[214,1374,265,1807]"captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[214,1374,265,1807]"captionTargetPageId="13"captionText="Fig. 5. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Paratype (UNLPam). Ventral view and claws seen in SEM. A. Ventral cuticle. B. Claws of legs I. C. Claws of legs III. D. Claws of legs IV. White filled indented arrowheads indicate pulvini, white filled flat arrowhead indicates a lunula, black filled flat arrowheads indicate double muscle attachment under the claws I–III and single continuous muscle attachment under claw IV, white empty arrowheads indicate accessory points. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13829348"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13829348/files/figure.png"pageId="14"pageNumber="91">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). No granulation on the legs, pulvini present on legs I–III (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5DFFC751ACFDA9076BFD92"box="[197,325,546,573]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="13.[189,232,1858,1884]"captionTargetBox="[214,1374,265,1807]"captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[214,1374,265,1807]"captionTargetPageId="13"captionText="Fig. 5. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Paratype (UNLPam). Ventral view and claws seen in SEM. A. Ventral cuticle. B. Claws of legs I. C. Claws of legs III. D. Claws of legs IV. White filled indented arrowheads indicate pulvini, white filled flat arrowhead indicates a lunula, black filled flat arrowheads indicate double muscle attachment under the claws I–III and single continuous muscle attachment under claw IV, white empty arrowheads indicate accessory points. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13829348"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13829348/files/figure.png"pageId="14"pageNumber="91">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5DFFC750B8FDEF0437FDD1"box="[465,537,612,638]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="14.[188,231,1963,1989]"captionTargetBox="[250,1384,817,1880]"captionTargetId="figure-189@14.[189,1399,802,1915]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="Fig. 6. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Schematic drawing of the arrangement of the pores of the young specimens. A. Dorsal cuticle. B. Ventral cuticle."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823251"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823251/files/figure.png"pageId="14"pageNumber="91">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD5DFFC7534CFDEF0486FDD1"box="[549,680,612,638]"captionStart-0="Table 2"captionStart-1="Table 3"captionStartId-0="10.[185,255,616,644]"captionStartId-1="15.[189,259,265,291]"captionTargetBox-0="[203,1905,695,1686]"captionTargetPageId-0="10"captionTargetPageId-1="15"captionText-0="Table 2. Schematization of the dorsal pore pattern of young specimens of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. with reference to the precise body districts."captionText-1="Table 3. Measurements (in µm) andpt values of selected morphological structures of the young paratypes of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. N = number of specimen/structures measured; Range = refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD = standard deviation."httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD59FFC351D0FDE30151FD2B"httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD5CFFC651D4FE8202CBFEC6"pageId="14"pageNumber="91"tableUuid-0="7CB96639AD59FFC351D0FDE30151FD2B"tableUuid-1="7CB96639AD5CFFC651D4FE8202CBFEC6">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD5DFFC75384FD0C051BFD0E"box="[749,821,647,673]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="14.[188,231,1963,1989]"captionTargetBox="[250,1384,817,1880]"captionTargetId="figure-189@14.[189,1399,802,1915]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="Fig. 6. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Schematic drawing of the arrangement of the pores of the young specimens. A. Dorsal cuticle. B. Ventral cuticle."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823251"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823251/files/figure.png"pageId="14"pageNumber="91">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD5DFFC7522BFD0C05B2FD0E"box="[834,924,647,673]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="10.[185,255,616,644]"captionTargetBox="[203,1905,695,1686]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Table 2. Schematization of the dorsal pore pattern of young specimens of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. with reference to the precise body districts."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD59FFC351D0FDE30151FD2B"pageId="14"pageNumber="91"tableUuid="7CB96639AD59FFC351D0FDE30151FD2B">Table 2</tableCitation>
): the smaller specimens have a group of cephalic pores (in subsegment 1) forming a pattern but not exactly ‘rows’; from subsegment 2 to 9 pores are arranged in 8 bands (one per subsegment) made of transverse rows, and, lastly, subsegment 10 has pores not arranged in proper rows and continuing onto the dorsal part of legs IV.
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD5DFFC7507CF820043FF86A"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[277,529,1963,1989]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="14"pageNumber="91"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
values of selected morphological structures of the young paratypes of
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD5CFFC651B7FEA707F2FEE9"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[222,476,300,326]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="15"pageNumber="92"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
N = number of specimen/structures measured; Range = refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD = standard deviation.
Describing textually in detail the complete dorsal/dorso-lateral pore arrangement would be long and complicated, with continuous necessity to compare the text with Figures and Tables; for this reason, we refer to these latter (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD43FFD950BBFE3F0434FE61"box="[466,538,436,462]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="14.[188,231,1963,1989]"captionTargetBox="[250,1384,817,1880]"captionTargetId="figure-189@14.[189,1399,802,1915]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="Fig. 6. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Schematic drawing of the arrangement of the pores of the young specimens. A. Dorsal cuticle. B. Ventral cuticle."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823251"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823251/files/figure.png"pageId="16"pageNumber="93">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD43FFD9534FFE3F0450FE61"box="[550,638,436,462]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="10.[185,255,616,644]"captionTargetBox="[203,1905,695,1686]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Table 2. Schematization of the dorsal pore pattern of young specimens of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. with reference to the precise body districts."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD59FFC351D0FDE30151FD2B"pageId="16"pageNumber="93"tableUuid="7CB96639AD59FFC351D0FDE30151FD2B">Table 2</tableCitation>
) for the description of the dorsal/dorso-lateral pore arrangement.
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD43FFD95028FE7E07A6FDA0"box="[321,392,501,527]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="14.[188,231,1963,1989]"captionTargetBox="[250,1384,817,1880]"captionTargetId="figure-189@14.[189,1399,802,1915]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="Fig. 6. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Schematic drawing of the arrangement of the pores of the young specimens. A. Dorsal cuticle. B. Ventral cuticle."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823251"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823251/files/figure.png"pageId="16"pageNumber="93">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD43FFD950FAFE7E07C3FDBF"box="[403,493,501,528]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="10.[185,255,616,644]"captionTargetBox="[203,1905,695,1686]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="Table 2. Schematization of the dorsal pore pattern of young specimens of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. with reference to the precise body districts."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD59FFC351D0FDE30151FD2B"pageId="16"pageNumber="93"tableUuid="7CB96639AD59FFC351D0FDE30151FD2B">Table 2</tableCitation>
): on the external side of each leg (I–IV) there is a big, usually lobate (three or four lobes) pore, but sometimes just triangular/quadrangular (usually triangular or three-armed on legs I–II, while usually quadrangular or four-armed on legs III–IV); legs III show few additional, smaller and more caudal pores, while legs IV show 3–4 additional, dorsal pores.
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD43FFD9507CF820043CF86A"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[277,530,1963,1989]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="16"pageNumber="93"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD42FFD85376FE820448FE8C"box="[543,614,265,291]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="14.[188,231,1963,1989]"captionTargetBox="[250,1384,817,1880]"captionTargetId="figure-189@14.[189,1399,802,1915]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="Fig. 6. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Schematic drawing of the arrangement of the pores of the young specimens. A. Dorsal cuticle. B. Ventral cuticle."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823251"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823251/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="94">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
): ventral cuticle may show 1–2 medial pores, aligned longitudinally, on the caudal portion of the head (subsegment 2), and, normally, seven rows (each representing also a band) each on subsegments 3–9 (subsegment 10 without ventral pores), organized as follows: two rows are present on each of the first three segments of the trunk (subsegments 3–8), while only one on the hind segment (subsegment 9); four medial pores are present in all seven rows, but the three rows just behind each of legs I–III (subsegments 3, 5 and 7) show some (usually three) additional, smaller, pores lying more laterally just at the base of the legs; instead, the four rows consisting of only the four medial, bigger pores, are the interlegs 4, 6, 8 and 9.
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD42FFD85360FDCA044CFDF4"box="[521,610,577,603]"captionStart="Table 3"captionStartId="15.[189,259,265,291]"captionTargetPageId="15"captionText="Table 3. Measurements (in µm) andpt values of selected morphological structures of the young paratypes of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. N = number of specimen/structures measured; Range = refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD = standard deviation."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD5CFFC651D4FE8202CBFEC6"pageId="17"pageNumber="94"tableUuid="7CB96639AD5CFFC651D4FE8202CBFEC6">Table 3</tableCitation>
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD42FFD850B8FD090432FD33"box="[465,540,642,668]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="7.[188,231,1963,1989]"captionTargetBox="[188,1398,786,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-178@7.[188,1398,786,1917]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 1. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov., habitus. A. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM. B. Paratype (slide No. UNICT 6011), PCM. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823239"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823239/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="94">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD42FFD85343FD080415FD32"box="[554,571,643,669]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="16.[189,232,1963,1989]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,718,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-158@16.[189,1398,718,1917]"captionTargetPageId="16"captionText="Fig. 7. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Schematic drawing of the arrangement of the pores of the senior specimens. A. Dorsal cuticle. B. Ventral cuticle."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823253"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823253/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="94">7</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD42FFD85321FD0904E4FD32"box="[584,714,642,669]"captionStart-0="Table 4"captionStart-1="Table 5"captionStartId-0="19.[185,255,603,631]"captionStartId-1="21.[189,259,265,291]"captionTargetPageId-0="19"captionTargetPageId-1="21"captionText-0="Table 4 (continued on next page). Schematization of the dorsal pore pattern of senior specimens of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. with reference to the precise body districts."captionText-1="Table 5. Measurements (in µm) and pt values of selected morphological structures of senior types (including the holotype) of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. (first sampling specimens). N = number of specimen/structures measured; Range = refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD = standard deviation."httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD40FFDA51D0FDD007C9FD34"httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD46FFDC51D4FE8204CDFE23"pageId="17"pageNumber="94"tableUuid-0="7CB96639AD40FFDA51D0FDD007C9FD34"tableUuid-1="7CB96639AD46FFDC51D4FE8204CDFE23">Tables 4–5</tableCitation>
In the senior specimens, the dorsal and dorso-lateral pore pattern (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD42FFD852A4FD2E0236FD6F"box="[973,1048,677,704]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="7.[188,231,1963,1989]"captionTargetBox="[188,1398,786,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-178@7.[188,1398,786,1917]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 1. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov., habitus. A. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM. B. Paratype (slide No. UNICT 6011), PCM. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823239"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823239/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="94">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD42FFD85541FD2D0217FD6F"box="[1064,1081,678,704]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="16.[189,232,1963,1989]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,718,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-158@16.[189,1398,718,1917]"captionTargetPageId="16"captionText="Fig. 7. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Schematic drawing of the arrangement of the pores of the senior specimens. A. Dorsal cuticle. B. Ventral cuticle."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823253"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823253/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="94">7</figureCitation>
), and, partially, the ventral one, is basically a complication of that of the young, with an increase of the pore number (and their rows) and also introducing more variability and less ‘order’ especially in those that should be the pore transverse rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="287936B1AD42FFD851D4FCDA05E7FC7B"blockId="17.[188,1400,848,981]"pageId="17"pageNumber="94">Arrangement of dorsal and dorso-lateral pores: the bigger pores are kept rather similar in shape and size from the earlier life stage(s), with rather good correspondence especially on the head and on the legs, while additional pores appear, usually smaller, resulting in the above-mentioned increase in row number and decrease in row clearness especially on the rest of the dorsum.</paragraph>
As stated for the young, we refer to Figures and Tables (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD42FFD8523EFC70058DFBB9"box="[855,931,1019,1046]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="7.[188,231,1963,1989]"captionTargetBox="[188,1398,786,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-178@7.[188,1398,786,1917]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="Fig. 1. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov., habitus. A. Paratype (UNLPam), SEM. B. Paratype (slide No. UNICT 6011), PCM. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823239"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823239/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="94">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD42FFD852DBFC7705EDFBB9"box="[946,963,1020,1046]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="16.[189,232,1963,1989]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,718,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-158@16.[189,1398,718,1917]"captionTargetPageId="16"captionText="Fig. 7. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Schematic drawing of the arrangement of the pores of the senior specimens. A. Dorsal cuticle. B. Ventral cuticle."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823253"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823253/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="94">7</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD42FFD852B9FC700207FBB9"box="[976,1065,1019,1046]"captionStart="Table 4"captionStartId="19.[185,255,603,631]"captionTargetPageId="19"captionText="Table 4 (continued on next page). Schematization of the dorsal pore pattern of senior specimens of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. with reference to the precise body districts."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD40FFDA51D0FDD007C9FD34"pageId="17"pageNumber="94"tableUuid="7CB96639AD40FFDA51D0FDD007C9FD34">Table 4</tableCitation>
) for the detailed description of the dorsal/dorso-lateral pore arrangement of the senior specimens, with all the more reason since the pattern is indeed more complicated. In general, there is a group of cephalic pores (subsegment 1), 7 bands of pores (subsegments 2–8) more or less organized in transverse rows, while the eighth band that was recognisable in the smaller specimens (subsegment 9), here is joined to the group of caudal pores (subsegment 10 plus dorsum of legs IV), so that the dorsal and dorso-lateral cuticle of the whole hind segment (plus legs IV) show a unique, large, caudal group made of many pores with no clear rows recognisable.
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="287936B1AD42FFD851D4FABF0535FA3B"blockId="17.[188,1398,1331,1429]"pageId="17"pageNumber="94">Arrangement of leg pores: on the external side of legs I–III there are some large, usually lobate (with 3–4 lobes) pores, but sometimes just triangular/quadrangular; legs IV show several triangular, quadrangular and lobate/star-shaped (with 3–5 lobes/arms) pores.</paragraph>
<paragraphid="287936B1AD42FFD851D4FA300433F9CC"blockId="17.[188,1399,1467,1635]"pageId="17"pageNumber="94">Arrangement of ventral pores: ventrally, there is instead a good correspondence with the pattern of the young specimens; thus, to avoid repetition, we stress here only the difference, consisting of a tendency to complicate only the medial part of the transverse rows, which are partially multiplied with 4–12 pores forming in the centre a patch of pores sometimes similar to some geometric figure such as a rhombus, a circle, a square or a pentagon.</paragraph>
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD42FFD8536AF9020475F90B"box="[515,603,1673,1700]"captionStart="Table 5"captionStartId="21.[189,259,265,291]"captionTargetPageId="21"captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in µm) and pt values of selected morphological structures of senior types (including the holotype) of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. (first sampling specimens). N = number of specimen/structures measured; Range = refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD = standard deviation."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD46FFDC51D4FE8204CDFE23"pageId="17"pageNumber="94"tableUuid="7CB96639AD46FFDC51D4FE8204CDFE23">Table 5</tableCitation>
. These senior specimens, in comparison to the young, have a slightly wider buccal tube (e.g.,
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD42FFD8505EF8D30751F8DD"box="[311,383,1880,1906]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="18.[189,232,1763,1789]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1708]"captionTargetId="figure-19@18.[189,1398,268,1708]"captionTargetPageId="18"captionText="Fig. 8. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Eggs seen in PCM. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1222(3)), midsection. B, F. Paratype (UNICT 6013). C–E. Paratype (UNLPam 348(1)). B. Surface. C–F. Details of egg. Black filled flat arrowheads indicate bifurcated process, white empty flat arrowhead indicates singular bubble-like structure, white filled indented arrowhead indicates filament tip, white filled flat arrowhead indicates process base whereas black filled indented arrowhead indicates granulation of the chorion. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823255"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823255/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="94">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD42FFD850E2F8D307CAF8DD"box="[395,484,1880,1906]"captionStart="Table 6"captionStartId="22.[189,259,265,291]"captionTargetPageId="22"captionText="Table 6. Measurements of selected morphological structures, and other metric traits, of eggs of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. mounted in polivinil lactofenol medium. N = number of eggs/structures measured; Range = refers to smallest and largest structure or value among all measured eggs/structures; SD = standard deviation."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD45FFDF51D4FE8207CFFE23"pageId="17"pageNumber="94"tableUuid="7CB96639AD45FFDF51D4FE8207CFFE23">Table 6</tableCitation>
Eggs are light orange in colour before mounting, spherical and laid freely. Processes in the shape of elongated cones, rarely bifurcate distally, usually ending at the tip in a filament (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD42FFD855E9F815032CF817"box="[1152,1282,1950,1976]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="18.[189,232,1763,1789]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1708]"captionTargetId="figure-19@18.[189,1398,268,1708]"captionTargetPageId="18"captionText="Fig. 8. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Eggs seen in PCM. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1222(3)), midsection. B, F. Paratype (UNICT 6013). C–E. Paratype (UNLPam 348(1)). B. Surface. C–F. Details of egg. Black filled flat arrowheads indicate bifurcated process, white empty flat arrowhead indicates singular bubble-like structure, white filled indented arrowhead indicates filament tip, white filled flat arrowhead indicates process base whereas black filled indented arrowhead indicates granulation of the chorion. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823255"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823255/files/figure.png"pageId="17"pageNumber="94">Fig. 8A–E</figureCitation>
). In some processes, single bubble-like structures can be seen inside the distal half portion of the processes (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD45FFDF51AFFCDA070CFCC4"box="[198,290,849,875]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="18.[189,232,1763,1789]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1708]"captionTargetId="figure-19@18.[189,1398,268,1708]"captionTargetPageId="18"captionText="Fig. 8. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Eggs seen in PCM. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1222(3)), midsection. B, F. Paratype (UNICT 6013). C–E. Paratype (UNLPam 348(1)). B. Surface. C–F. Details of egg. Black filled flat arrowheads indicate bifurcated process, white empty flat arrowhead indicates singular bubble-like structure, white filled indented arrowhead indicates filament tip, white filled flat arrowhead indicates process base whereas black filled indented arrowhead indicates granulation of the chorion. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823255"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823255/files/figure.png"pageId="22"pageNumber="99">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
). On the egg circumference 29–34 processes are present and about
the hemisphere depending also on the egg size. Process bases without projections on the chorion (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD45FFDF5504FCFF02EAFC21"box="[1133,1220,884,910]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="18.[189,232,1763,1789]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1708]"captionTargetId="figure-19@18.[189,1398,268,1708]"captionTargetPageId="18"captionText="Fig. 8. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Eggs seen in PCM. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1222(3)), midsection. B, F. Paratype (UNICT 6013). C–E. Paratype (UNLPam 348(1)). B. Surface. C–F. Details of egg. Black filled flat arrowheads indicate bifurcated process, white empty flat arrowhead indicates singular bubble-like structure, white filled indented arrowhead indicates filament tip, white filled flat arrowhead indicates process base whereas black filled indented arrowhead indicates granulation of the chorion. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823255"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823255/files/figure.png"pageId="22"pageNumber="99">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
), but this latter, between the process, has evident granulation (
<figureCitationid="B0FD2A34AD45FFDF53B1FC1C0556FC1E"box="[728,888,919,945]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="18.[189,232,1763,1789]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,268,1708]"captionTargetId="figure-19@18.[189,1398,268,1708]"captionTargetPageId="18"captionText="Fig. 8. Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. Eggs seen in PCM. A. Paratype (UNLPam 1222(3)), midsection. B, F. Paratype (UNICT 6013). C–E. Paratype (UNLPam 348(1)). B. Surface. C–F. Details of egg. Black filled flat arrowheads indicate bifurcated process, white empty flat arrowhead indicates singular bubble-like structure, white filled indented arrowhead indicates filament tip, white filled flat arrowhead indicates process base whereas black filled indented arrowhead indicates granulation of the chorion. Scale bars in µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13823255"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13823255/files/figure.png"pageId="22"pageNumber="99">Fig. 8A–B, F</figureCitation>
). Quantitative data are reported in
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD45FFDF5466FC1C0347FC1E"box="[1295,1385,919,945]"captionStart="Table 6"captionStartId="22.[189,259,265,291]"captionTargetPageId="22"captionText="Table 6. Measurements of selected morphological structures, and other metric traits, of eggs of Minibiotus dispositus sp. nov. mounted in polivinil lactofenol medium. N = number of eggs/structures measured; Range = refers to smallest and largest structure or value among all measured eggs/structures; SD = standard deviation."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD45FFDF51D4FE8207CFFE23"pageId="22"pageNumber="99"tableUuid="7CB96639AD45FFDF51D4FE8207CFFE23">Table 6</tableCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD41FFDB507DF968043EF952"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[276,528,1763,1789]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="18"pageNumber="95"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
. Details of egg. Black filled flat arrowheads indicate bifurcated process, white empty flat arrowhead indicates singular bubble-like structure, white filled indented arrowhead indicates filament tip, white filled flat arrowhead indicates process base whereas black filled indented arrowhead indicates granulation of the chorion. Scale bars in µm.
(continued on next page). Schematization of the dorsal pore pattern of senior specimens of
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD40FFDA540BFDD00070FDD8"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[1378,1630,603,631]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="19"pageNumber="96"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
<tdid="D5275D8FAD4000365033FC2D0474FB30"box="[346,602,934,1183]"gridcol="1"gridrow="6"pageId="19"pageNumber="96"rowspan="8"rowspanBelow="7">Second segment (segment I of the trunk), with legs I</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD40003653E1FB420549FA81"box="[648,871,1225,1326]"gridcol="2"gridrow="15"pageId="19"pageNumber="96"rowspan="4"rowspanBelow="3">5 (with legs II)</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD4000365033FB240474FA4E"box="[346,602,1199,1505]"gridcol="1"gridrow="14"pageId="19"pageNumber="96"rowspan="8"rowspanBelow="7">Third segment (segment II of the trunk), with legs II</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD4000365033FA7C0474F920"box="[346,602,1527,1679]"gridcol="1"gridrow="22"pageId="19"pageNumber="96"rowspan="6"rowspanBelow="5">Fourth segment (segment III of the trunk), with legs III</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD40003653E1F9A10549F9F4"box="[648,871,1578,1627]"gridcol="2"gridrow="24"pageId="19"pageNumber="96"rowspan="2"rowspanBelow="1">7 (with legs III)</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD40003652C4F9A1024DF9F4"box="[941,1123,1578,1627]"gridcol="3"gridrow="24"pageId="19"pageNumber="96"rowspan="2"rowspanBelow="1">5 plus lateral patch</td>
(continued). Schematization of the dorsal pore pattern of senior specimens of
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD47FFDD55CFFCAF038FFCEF"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[1190,1441,804,832]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="20"pageNumber="97"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
<tdid="D5275D8FAD4700365033FC340475FAAF"box="[346,603,959,1280]"gridcol="1"gridrow="1"pageId="20"pageNumber="97"rowspan="9"rowspanBelow="8">Fourth segment (segment III of the trunk), with legs III</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD47003653E0FC520546FB9F"box="[649,872,985,1072]"gridcol="2"gridrow="2"pageId="20"pageNumber="97"rowspan="3"rowspanBelow="2">7 (with legs III)</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD47003652C7FC52024AFB9F"box="[942,1124,985,1072]"gridcol="3"gridrow="2"pageId="20"pageNumber="97"rowspan="3"rowspanBelow="2">5 plus lateral patch</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD47003655E0FBE70060FB33"box="[1161,1614,1132,1180]"gridcol="4"gridrow="6"pageId="20"pageNumber="97">1 big more anterior some caudal smaller</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD4700365033FA900475FA68"box="[346,603,1307,1479]"gridcol="1"gridrow="10"pageId="20"pageNumber="97"rowspan="3"rowspanBelow="2">Fifth segment (segment VI of the trunk), with legs VI</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD47003653E0FACA0546FAD4"box="[649,872,1345,1403]"gridcol="2"gridrow="11"pageId="20"pageNumber="97">10 (with legs IV)</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD47003655E0FACA0060FA68"box="[1161,1614,1345,1479]"gridcol="4"gridrow="11"pageId="20"pageNumber="97"rowspan="2"rowspanBelow="1">continuous, big, caudal group made of many pores with no clear rows recognisable (also on the dorsum of legs IV)</td>
<tdid="D5275D8FAD4700365730FACA01A5FA68"box="[1625,1931,1345,1479]"gridcol="5"gridrow="11"pageId="20"pageNumber="97"rowspan="2"rowspanBelow="1">various One big, four – or five – armed, others of various shape</td>
values of selected morphological structures of senior types (including the holotype) of
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD46FFDC537AFEA7053AFEE9"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[531,788,300,326]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="21"pageNumber="98"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
(first sampling specimens). N = number of specimen/structures measured; Range = refers to the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD = standard deviation.
Measurements of selected morphological structures, and other metric traits, of eggs of
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD45FFDF51D4FEA70797FEE9"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[189,441,300,326]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="22"pageNumber="99"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
mounted in polivinil lactofenol medium. N = number of eggs/structures measured; Range = refers to smallest and largest structure or value among all measured eggs/structures; SD = standard deviation.
<thid="D5275D8FAD4500365181FE63053FFDAC"box="[232,785,488,515]"gridcol="0"gridrow="1"pageId="22"pageNumber="99">Diameter of egg without processes (in μm)</th>
<thid="D5275D8FAD4500365181FD9E053FFD9F"box="[232,785,533,560]"gridcol="0"gridrow="2"pageId="22"pageNumber="99">Diameter of egg with processes (in μm)</th>
<thid="D5275D8FAD4500365181FD40053FFD4A"box="[232,785,715,741]"gridcol="0"gridrow="6"pageId="22"pageNumber="99">Number of processes on the egg circumference</th>
<thid="D5275D8FAD4500365181FD73053FFCBC"box="[232,785,760,787]"gridcol="0"gridrow="7"pageId="22"pageNumber="99">Number of processes on the egg hemisphere</th>
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD45FFDF53E6FB8C05A4FB8E"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[655,906,1031,1057]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="22"pageNumber="99"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
is differentiated from all the other sequenced species belonging to the genus
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD45FFDF53C2FBA10504FBEB"authorityName="R. O. Schuster"authorityYear="1980"box="[683,810,1066,1092]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="22"pageNumber="99"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="genus">
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD45FFDF5262FA7505A3F9B7"box="[779,909,1534,1560]"captionStart-0="Table 7"captionStart-1="Table 8"captionStartId-0="23.[189,259,265,291]"captionStartId-1="24.[189,259,265,291]"captionTargetBox-0="[265,1306,415,1619]"captionTargetBox-1="[302,1249,418,1123]"captionTargetId-0="graphics-163@23.[254,1333,490,1625]"captionTargetId-1="graphics-357@24.[292,1296,446,1082]"captionTargetPageId-0="23"captionTargetPageId-1="24"captionText-0="Table 7. Results of species delimitation analysis of the genus Minibiotus R.O. Schuster, 1980 from GenBank by automatic partitioning (ASAP) on COI gene (lower ASAP-score=1.50; threshold p-distance = 7.86%)."captionText-1="Table 8. Results of species delimitation analysis of the genus Minibiotus R.O. Schuster, 1980 from GenBank by automatic partitioning (ASAP) on ITS2 gene (lower ASAP-score=2.00; threshold p-distance = 6.07%)."httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD44FFDE51D4FE82079CFEC6"httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD4BFFD151D4FE82079CFEC6"pageId="22"pageNumber="99"tableUuid-0="7CB96639AD44FFDE51D4FE82079CFEC6"tableUuid-1="7CB96639AD4BFFD151D4FE82079CFEC6">Tables 7–8</tableCitation>
) further confirms the status of
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD45FFDF559EFA75071CF994"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="22"pageNumber="99"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
The integration of the present molecular data with the morphological ones, therefore points to the validity of the erection of
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD45FFDF5087F90D04C4F90F"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[494,746,1670,1696]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="22"pageNumber="99"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
Cuticular pores arranged in transverse bands are reported in many species of the genus, but the following are excluded from comparison for the reasons indicated in brackets:
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD45FFDF55E8F8920207F8F8"authority="Zawierucha, Dziamiecki, Jakubowska, Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2014"authorityName="Zawierucha, Dziamiecki, Jakubowska, Michalczyk & Kaczmarek"authorityYear="2014"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="22"pageNumber="99"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="formosus">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD45FFDF51D4F8B70207F8F8"author="Zawierucha K. & Dziamiecki J. & Jakubowska N. & Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L."box="[189,1065,1852,1879]"pageId="22"pageNumber="99"pagination="81 - 105"refId="ref19159"refString="Zawierucha K., Dziamiecki J., Jakubowska N., Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L. 2014. New tardigrade records for the Baltic states with a description of Minibiotus formosus sp. n. (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae). ZooKeys 408: 81 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 408.6612"type="journal article"year="2014">Zawierucha, Dziamięcki, Jakubowska, Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2014</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD45FFDF5186F8EB0498F8D5"authority="Guil & Guidetti, 2005"authorityName="Guil & Guidetti"authorityYear="2005"box="[239,694,1887,1914]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="22"pageNumber="99"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="gumersindoi">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD45FFDF50D8F8EB0498F8D5"author="Guil N. & Guidetti R."box="[433,694,1887,1914]"pageId="22"pageNumber="99"pagination="1 - 11"refId="ref16593"refString="Guil N. & Guidetti R. 2005. A new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands (Spain). Zootaxa 889: 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 889.1.1"type="journal article"year="2005">Guil & Guidetti, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(they have only round/elliptical pores, lacking lobated/star-shaped ones);
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD45FFDF5007F80F05D4F832"authority="Meyer, Lyons, Nelson & Hinton, 2011"authorityName="Meyer, Lyons"authorityYear="2011"box="[366,1018,1923,1949]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="22"pageNumber="99"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="jonesorum">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD45FFDF5348F80805D4F832"author="Meyer H. A. & Lyons A. M. & Nelson D. R. & Hinton J. G."box="[545,1018,1923,1949]"pageId="22"pageNumber="99"pagination="40 - 47"refId="ref17062"refString="Meyer H. A., Lyons A. M., Nelson D. R. & Hinton J. G. 2011. Tardigrada of Michigan, Northern USA, with the description of Minibiotus jonesorum sp. n. (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 49 (S 1): 40 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2010.00596. x"type="journal article"year="2011">Meyer, Lyons, Nelson & Hinton, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(it lacks microplacoid and has polygonal pores, that also are very large and very densely distributed);
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD45FFDF55B7F82D0340F86F"author="Pilato G."box="[1246,1390,1958,1984]"pageId="22"pageNumber="99"pagination="111 - 124"refId="ref17701"refString="Pilato G. 1972. Prime osservazioni sui Tardigradi delle Isole Egadi. Bollettino delle sedute dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali, Catania, Serie IV 11 (5): 111 - 124."type="journal article"year="1972">Pilato, 1972</bibRefCitation>
Results of species delimitation analysis of the genus
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD44FFDE52DFFE82031DFE8C"authority="R. O. Schuster, 1980"authorityName="R. O. Schuster"authorityYear="1980"box="[950,1331,265,291]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="genus">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD44FFDE55EBFE82031DFE8C"author="Schuster R. O. & Nelson D. R. & Grigarick A. A. & Christenberry D."box="[1154,1331,265,291]"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"pagination="284 - 303"refId="ref18495"refString="Schuster R. O., Nelson D. R., Grigarick A. A. & Christenberry D. 1980. Systematic criteria of the Eutardigrada. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 99 (3): 284 - 303."type="journal article"year="1980">Schuster, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from GenBank by automatic partitioning (ASAP) on COI gene (lower ASAP-score=1.50; threshold p-distance = 7.86%).
<collectionCodeid="4ED7AE74AD44FFDE53B7FDA304DCFDEF"box="[734,754,552,576]"country="Canada"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946"name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD44FFDE50EAFAA00457FAEC"authority="AI"authorityName="Pilato, Binda & Lisi"authorityYear="2003"box="[387,633,1323,1347]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="sidereus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD44FFDE50EBFAD30456FADF"authority="AI"authorityName="Pilato, Binda & Lisi"authorityYear="2003"box="[386,632,1368,1392]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="sidereus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD44FFDE50EBFA0E0459FA31"authority="AI"authorityName="Pilato, Binda & Lisi"authorityYear="2003"box="[386,631,1413,1438]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="sidereus">
<collectionCodeid="4ED7AE74AD44FFDE5060F9B00733F9FC"box="[265,285,1595,1619]"country="Canada"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946"name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
4
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD44FFDE5059F9B10786F9FD"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[304,424,1594,1618]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="genus"status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD44FFDE53DDF92B0563F916"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[692,845,1695,1721]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
with the species sharing the presence of smooth cuticle, multilobated pores (3–5 arms/lobes) and three macroplacoids plus evident microplacoid. However, considering the paucity of 5-armed pores recognisable under PCM (only 0–2 per specimen, and only caudally or on legs) in the new species, we excluded from comparison the species with very numerous, evident star-shaped pores (5 arms or more) clearly observable under PCM on all the body (thus excluding:
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD44FFDE50E0F8DB0226F8C5"authority="Duenas-Cedillo & Garcia-Roman, 2020"authorityName="Duenas-Cedillo & Garcia-Roman"authorityYear="2020"box="[393,1032,1871,1898]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="citlalium">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD44FFDE534EF8C40226F8C5"author="Duenas-Cedillo A. & Martinez-Mendez E. & Garcia-Roman J. & Armendariz-Toledano F. & Ruiz E."box="[551,1032,1871,1898]"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"refId="ref16105"refString="Duenas-Cedillo A., Martinez-Mendez E., Garcia-Roman J., Armendariz-Toledano F. & Ruiz E. 2020. Tardigrades from Iztaccihuatl Volcano (Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt), with the description of Minibiotus citlalium sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae). Diversity 12: 271. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / d 12070271"type="journal volume"year="2020">Dueñas-Cedillo & García-Román, 2020</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD44FFDE557EF8DB0755F822"authority="Rossi, Claps & Ardohain, 2009"authorityName="Rossi, Claps & Ardohain"authorityYear="2009"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="claxtonae">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD44FFDE55D6F8C40755F822"author="Rossi G. & Claps M. & Ardohain D."pageId="23"pageNumber="100"pagination="21 - 36"refId="ref18210"refString="Rossi G., Claps M. & Ardohain D. 2009. Tardigrades from northwestern Patagonia, Neuquen Province, Argentina, with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 2095: 21 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2095.1.3"type="journal article"year="2009">Rossi, Claps & Ardohain, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD44FFDE50E2F8FF05FEF822"authority="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2003"authorityName="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek"authorityYear="2003"box="[395,976,1907,1933]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="constellatus">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD44FFDE5323F8F805FEF822"author="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L."box="[586,976,1907,1933]"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"pagination="295 - 305"refId="ref17143"refString="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L. 2003. Minibiotus constellatus, new species of Tardigrada from Peru (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae). Genus 14 (2): 295 - 305."type="journal article"year="2003">Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD44FFDE5288F8FF0793F81F"authority="Londono, Daza, Lisi & Quiroga, 2017"authorityName="Londono, Daza, Lisi & Quiroga"authorityYear="2017"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="pentannulatus">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD44FFDE55D3F8F80793F81F"author="Londono R. & Daza A. & Lisi O. & Quiroga S."pageId="23"pageNumber="100"pagination="807 - 814"refId="ref16883"refString="Londono R., Daza A., Lisi O. & Quiroga S. 2017. New species of waterbear Minibiotus pentannulatus (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Colombia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 88: 807 - 814. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rmb. 2017.10.040"type="journal article"year="2017">Londoño, Daza, Lisi & Quiroga, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD44FFDE50ADF81C02CAF81F"authority="Roszkowska, Stec, Ciobanu & Kaczmarek, 2016"authorityName="Roszkowska, Stec, Ciobanu & Kaczmarek"authorityYear="2016"box="[452,1252,1942,1968]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="pseudostellarus">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD44FFDE53C0F81D02CAF81F"author="Roszkowska M. & Stec D. & Ciobanu D. & Kaczmarek L."box="[681,1252,1942,1968]"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"pagination="243 - 260"refId="ref18260"refString="Roszkowska M., Stec D., Ciobanu D. & Kaczmarek L. 2016. Tardigrades from Nahuel Huapi National Park, Argentina, South America, with descriptions of two new Macrobiotidae species. Zootaxa 4105: 243 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4105.3.2"type="journal article"year="2016">Roszkowska, Stec, Ciobanu & Kaczmarek, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD44FFDE5586F81C07D9F87C"authority="Pilato, Binda & Lisi, 2003"authorityName="Pilato, Binda & Lisi"authorityYear="2003"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="sidereus">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD44FFDE51D5F83207D9F87C"author="Pilato G. & Binda M. G. & Lisi O."box="[188,503,1977,2003]"pageId="23"pageNumber="100"pagination="1 - 8"refId="ref17793"refString="Pilato G., Binda M. G. & Lisi O. 2003. Remarks on some species of tardigrades from South America with description of Minibiotus sidereus n. sp. Zootaxa 195: 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 195.1.1"type="journal article"year="2003">Pilato, Binda & Lisi, 2003</bibRefCitation>
Results of species delimitation analysis of the genus
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD152DFFE82031DFE8C"authority="R. O. Schuster, 1980"authorityName="R. O. Schuster"authorityYear="1980"box="[950,1331,265,291]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="genus">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4BFFD155EBFE82031DFE8C"author="Schuster R. O. & Nelson D. R. & Grigarick A. A. & Christenberry D."box="[1154,1331,265,291]"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"pagination="284 - 303"refId="ref18495"refString="Schuster R. O., Nelson D. R., Grigarick A. A. & Christenberry D. 1980. Systematic criteria of the Eutardigrada. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 99 (3): 284 - 303."type="journal article"year="1980">Schuster, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from GenBank by automatic partitioning (ASAP) on ITS2 gene (lower ASAP-score=2.00; threshold p-distance = 6.07%).
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD150CEFD3804B3FD64"authority="AI"authorityName="Pilato, Binda & Lisi"authorityYear="2003"box="[423,669,691,715]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="sidereus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD150CEFD6B04B2FD57"authority="AI"authorityName="Pilato, Binda & Lisi"authorityYear="2003"box="[423,668,736,760]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="sidereus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD150CEFCE304B0FC2F"authority="AI"authorityName="Pilato, Binda & Lisi"authorityYear="2003"box="[423,670,872,896]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="sidereus">
<collectionCodeid="4ED7AE74AD4BFFD15047FBC0076CFBCC"box="[302,322,1099,1123]"country="Canada"lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946"name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
4
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD1503FFBC107E0FBCD"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[342,462,1098,1122]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="genus"status="sp. nov.">
Lastly, we decided not to limit the comparison with species clearly having a pore pattern (described or at least well visible in the description illustrations), because such a character may not have been noticed or reported in some past descriptions; in this way,
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4BFFD152BBFB600258FAAB"author="Murray J."box="[978,1142,1258,1285]"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"pagination="83 - 187"refId="ref17553"refString="Murray J. 1910. Tardigrada. In: Murray J. (ed.) British Antarctic Expedition 1907 - 1909. Reports on the Scientific Investigations 1 (Part V): 83 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 22427"type="journal article"year="1910">Murray, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD155DFFB6007EAFA87"authority="Binda & Pilato, 1992"authorityName="Binda & Pilato"authorityYear="1992"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="vinciguerrae">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4BFFD151D4FA8607EAFA87"author="Binda M. G. & Pilato G."box="[189,452,1293,1320]"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"pagination="111 - 120"refId="ref15436"refString="Binda M. G. & Pilato G. 1992. Minibiotus furcatus, nuova posizione sistematica per Macrobiotus furcatus Ehrenberg, 1859, e descrizione di due nuove specie. Animalia 19: 111 - 120."type="journal article"year="1992">Binda & Pilato, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
are included, also considering that the old illustrations available may not be perfectly accurate.
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD150D3FAF90494FA23"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[442,698,1394,1420]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4BFFD150DCFA1E044BFA00"author="Schuster R."box="[437,613,1429,1455]"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"pagination="121 - 131"refId="ref18458"refString="Schuster R. 2021. Minibiotus bernhardi sp. n. (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) - A new Tardigrade species from the Black Forest (Baden-Wurttemberg). Entomologie heute 32: 121 - 131."type="journal article"year="2021">Schuster, 2021</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD1531BFA1D02FDFA00"authority="(Horning, Schuster & Gregarick, 1978)"baseAuthorityName="Horning, Schuster & Gregarick"baseAuthorityYear="1978"box="[626,1235,1429,1455]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="bisoctus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD155B6FA1D041BFA7C"authority="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004"authorityName="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek"authorityYear="2004"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="eichhorni">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4BFFD151D4FA33041BFA7C"author="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L."box="[189,565,1464,1491]"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"pagination="673 - 676"refId="ref17177"refString="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L. 2004. Minibiotus eichhorni sp. nov., a new species of eutardigrade (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Peru. Annales Zoologici 54 (4): 673 - 676."type="journal article"year="2004">Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4BFFD153DFFA330572FA7C"author="Claxton S. K."box="[694,860,1464,1491]"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"pagination="125 - 160"refId="ref15762"refString="Claxton S. K. 1998. A revision of the genus Minibiotus Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae with descriptions of new species from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 50: 125 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.50.1998.1276"type="journal article"year="1998">Claxton, 1998</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4BFFD1529FFA330292FA7C"author="Ehrenberg C. G."box="[1014,1212,1464,1491]"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"pagination="429 - 456"refId="ref16223"refString="Ehrenberg C. G. 1859. Beitrag zur Bestimmung des stationaren mikroscopischen Lebens in bis 20,000 Fuss Alpenhohe. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1858: 429 - 456. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 29502577 [accessed 20 Sep. 2023]."type="journal article"year="1859">Ehrenberg, 1859</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD155A4FA3207E3FA59"authority="Meyer & Hinton, 2009"authorityName="Meyer & Hinton"authorityYear="2009"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="harrylewisi">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4BFFD151D0FA5707E3FA59"author="Meyer H. A. & Hinton J. G."box="[185,461,1500,1526]"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"pagination="255 - 268"refId="ref16997"refString="Meyer H. A. & Hinton J. G. 2009. The Tardigrada of southern Africa, with the description of Minibiotus harrylewisi, a new species from KwaZulu - Natal, South Africa (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae). African Invertebrates 50 (2): 255 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.5733 / afin. 050.0203"type="journal article"year="2009">Meyer & Hinton, 2009</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD15241FA5606D5F9B6"authority="Fontoura, Pilato, Lisi & Morais, 2009"authorityName="Fontoura, Pilato, Lisi & Morais"authorityYear="2009"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="orthofasciatus">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4BFFD15297FA5706D5F9B6"author="Fontoura P. & Pilato G. & Morais P. & Lisi O."pageId="24"pageNumber="101"pagination="55 - 64"refId="ref16279"refString="Fontoura P., Pilato G., Morais P. & Lisi O. 2009 a. Minibiotus xavieri, a new species of tardigrade from Parque Biologico de Gaia, Portugal (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae). Zootaxa 2267: 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2267.1.4"type="journal article"year="2009">Fontoura, Pilato, Lisi & Morais, 2009</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4BFFD150A4FA740484F9B5"author="Ramazzotti G."box="[461,682,1535,1562]"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"pagination="303 - 309"refId="ref17933"refString="Ramazzotti G. 1959. Il gruppo dell' Echiniscus viridis con la nuova specie E. perviridis e Macrobiotus pustulatus altra nuova specie (Tardigrada). Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano 98 (4): 303 - 309. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 58016217 [accessed 20 Sep. 2023]."type="journal article"year="1959">Ramazzotti, 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD153AEF98B0280F9B6"authority="Binda & Pilato, 1992"authorityName="Binda & Pilato"authorityYear="1992"box="[711,1198,1535,1561]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="vinciguerrae">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4BFFD152F3FA740280F9B6"author="Binda M. G. & Pilato G."box="[922,1198,1535,1561]"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"pagination="111 - 120"refId="ref15436"refString="Binda M. G. & Pilato G. 1992. Minibiotus furcatus, nuova posizione sistematica per Macrobiotus furcatus Ehrenberg, 1859, e descrizione di due nuove specie. Animalia 19: 111 - 120."type="journal article"year="1992">Binda & Pilato, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD155ABF98B0485F992"authority="Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton, 2005"authorityName="Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton"authorityYear="2005"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="weglarskae">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4BFFD151D4F9A90485F992"author="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L. & Claxton S. K."box="[189,683,1570,1597]"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"pagination="47 - 56"refId="ref17329"refString="Michalczyk L., Kaczmarek L. & Claxton S. K. 2005. Minibiotus weglarskae, a new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Mongolia. Zootaxa 1008: 47 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1008.1.6"type="journal article"year="2005">Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD153DEF9A802DCF993"authority="Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi, 2009"authorityName="Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi"authorityYear="2009"box="[695,1266,1570,1597]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="xavieri">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4BFFD1525EF9A802DCF993"author="Fontoura P. & Pilato G. & Morais P. & Lisi O."box="[823,1266,1570,1597]"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"pagination="55 - 64"refId="ref16279"refString="Fontoura P., Pilato G., Morais P. & Lisi O. 2009 a. Minibiotus xavieri, a new species of tardigrade from Parque Biologico de Gaia, Portugal (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae). Zootaxa 2267: 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2267.1.4"type="journal article"year="2009">Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi, 2009</bibRefCitation>
For correct morphometric comparisons, considering the allometry of some characters of the new species, we compared the morphometric characters in the present differential diagnosis taking into account the body size (available from the literature) of each compared species. Our young specimens had body sizes of up to about 156 µm while our senior specimens had body lengths starting from about 180 µm; most of the compared species had a body length starting from at least 200 µm; thus, we compared the morphometry of these species with that of our senior specimens; only two species,
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD1551EF89F036BF882"authorityName="Fontoura, Pilato, Lisi & Morais"authorityYear="2009"box="[1143,1349,1811,1837]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="orthofasciatus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4BFFD151D4F8B30746F8FE"authorityName="Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton"authorityYear="2005"box="[189,360,1847,1873]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="24"pageNumber="101"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="weglarskae">
, had body lengths starting from less than 180 µm (from 138 µm and 166 µm, respectively) but exceeding 200 µm in the maximum value: in this case we joined together our morphometric ranges of young and senior specimens for comparison (no compared species had a body length range compatible only with our young specimens).
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD051D4FE820796FE8C"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[189,440,265,291]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
(according to the description, drawings and measurements by
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4AFFD055ABFEC10347FECB"author="Claxton S. K."box="[1218,1385,330,356]"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"pagination="125 - 160"refId="ref15762"refString="Claxton S. K. 1998. A revision of the genus Minibiotus Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae with descriptions of new species from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 50: 125 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.50.1998.1276"type="journal article"year="1998">Claxton 1998</bibRefCitation>
: this species (also) has star-shaped pores (even 6-armed) and should have no pore bands; judging from the drawings, however, it is not clear how many such star-shaped pores are common and spread, or whether the bands are surely absent (the drawings may be schematic or not sufficiently accurate).
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD05238FE5F0265FE41"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[849,1099,468,494]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
); the absence of three pairs of soft conical spines on the dorsal cuticle in connection with the segment bearing legs II–III–IV (such spines present in
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD05230FDB605DBFDF9"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[857,1013,572,598]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus">
) processes around the circumference; process height 13.0–17.0 µm, and with 1.3–3.4 µm process base distance (process height 9–11 µm, 3–4 µm base distance in
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD051B4FCC50755FCC8"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[221,379,845,871]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
. Nine dorsal bands of pores in the new species vs ten (total band number of both species includes cephalic and caudal bands but excluding legs IV); in particular,
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD05057FC1F07F2FC02"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[318,476,915,941]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus">
has on all the dorsum of the hind segment, including legs IV, a continuous, large, caudal group of pores with no bands or rows distinguishable, while in
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD051D4FBB70784FBF9"baseAuthorityName="Horning, Schuster & Gregarick"baseAuthorityYear="1978"box="[189,426,1084,1110]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="bisoctus">
(according to the description, drawings and measurements by
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4AFFD055AEFBB70340FBF9"author="Claxton S. K."box="[1223,1390,1084,1110]"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"pagination="125 - 160"refId="ref15762"refString="Claxton S. K. 1998. A revision of the genus Minibiotus Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae with descriptions of new species from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 50: 125 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.50.1998.1276"type="journal article"year="1998">Claxton 1998</bibRefCitation>
: presence of pores on the ventral cuticle (absent in
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD051D4FB09076DFB34"baseAuthorityName="Horning, Schuster & Gregarick"baseAuthorityYear="1978"box="[189,323,1153,1179]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="bisoctus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD05254FB0905ECFB34"baseAuthorityName="Horning, Schuster & Gregarick"baseAuthorityYear="1978"box="[829,962,1153,1179]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="bisoctus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD0504FFB2F079EFB11"baseAuthorityName="Horning, Schuster & Gregarick"baseAuthorityYear="1978"box="[294,432,1188,1214]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="bisoctus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD051B7FB4C0749FB4F"baseAuthorityName="Horning, Schuster & Gregarick"baseAuthorityYear="1978"box="[222,359,1222,1248]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="bisoctus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD052C8FB4C0204FB4F"baseAuthorityName="Horning, Schuster & Gregarick"baseAuthorityYear="1978"box="[929,1066,1222,1248]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="bisoctus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD050F2FB610418FAAC"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[411,566,1257,1283]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD052A7FB61027BFAAC"baseAuthorityName="Horning, Schuster & Gregarick"baseAuthorityYear="1978"box="[974,1109,1257,1283]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="bisoctus">
); leg granulation around the claws absent (present in
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD05361FA8704BEFA89"baseAuthorityName="Horning, Schuster & Gregarick"baseAuthorityYear="1978"box="[520,656,1292,1318]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="bisoctus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD051D4FAC6079FFAC8"authorityName="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek"authorityYear="2004"box="[189,433,1357,1383]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="eichhorni">
: clear pattern of cuticular pores arranged in rows within the bands, while no rows are visible in
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD0525EFAFB05E0FA26"authorityName="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek"authorityYear="2004"box="[823,974,1391,1417]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="eichhorni">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD055EFFAFB0333FA26"authorityName="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek"authorityYear="2004"box="[1158,1309,1391,1417]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="eichhorni">
did not mention any pore arrangement in rows within the bands; but if any, the rows seems to be no more than 3 per band (see
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4AFFD05015FA3E04D2FA60"author="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L."box="[380,764,1461,1487]"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"pagination="673 - 676"refId="ref17177"refString="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L. 2004. Minibiotus eichhorni sp. nov., a new species of eutardigrade (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Peru. Annales Zoologici 54 (4): 673 - 676."type="journal article"year="2004">Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2004</bibRefCitation>
: figs 1–2), while
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD052A2FA3E0246FA60"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[971,1128,1461,1487]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
has 2–5 welldisposed rows per band; a clear pattern of ventral pores disposed in 8 rows while randomly distributed pores in
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD0504AFA700794F9BB"authorityName="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek"authorityYear="2004"box="[291,442,1530,1556]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="eichhorni">
(“Round and oval pores present over whole cuticle, however in lower density on ventral cuticle” according to
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4AFFD05376F9960588F998"author="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L."box="[543,934,1565,1591]"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"pagination="673 - 676"refId="ref17177"refString="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L. 2004. Minibiotus eichhorni sp. nov., a new species of eutardigrade (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Peru. Annales Zoologici 54 (4): 673 - 676."type="journal article"year="2004">Michalczyk & Kaczmarek 2004</bibRefCitation>
); granulations around the claws on all legs absent (present on all legs in
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD0532EF9CB04F0F9F6"authorityName="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek"authorityYear="2004"box="[583,734,1599,1625]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="eichhorni">
). Morphometric differences regard partially overlapping morphometric ranges that were statistically tested (
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD4AFFD0527BF9E90543F9D3"box="[786,877,1634,1660]"captionStart="Table 9"captionStartId="26.[187,256,580,608]"captionTargetPageId="26"captionText="Table 9 (continued on next page). Statistically significant differences (through one-side Student t-tests) of overlapping pt ranges of selected metric characters, betweenMinibiotus dispositus sp. nov. and the similar species. Values indicate thept ranges and the mean in brackets; they refer, without any indication, to senior specimens for correct comparison with M. xavieri Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi, 2009, M. eichhorni Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004 and M. harrylewisi Meyer & Hinton, 2009; otherwise “Y+S” is specified to indicate that the values of young and senior specimens are together in a single range for correct comparison with M. weglarskae Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton, 2005."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD49FFD351D2FDCF0359FD42"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"tableUuid="7CB96639AD49FFD351D2FDCF0359FD42">Table 9</tableCitation>
: dorsal pattern of cuticular pores distinct from ventral one in the new species, including different number between dorsal and ventral rows, while “9 bands around the body” in
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4AFFD055D3F963035CF8AD"author="Claxton S. K."box="[1210,1394,1768,1794]"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"pagination="125 - 160"refId="ref15762"refString="Claxton S. K. 1998. A revision of the genus Minibiotus Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae with descriptions of new species from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 50: 125 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.50.1998.1276"type="journal article"year="1998">Claxton (1998)</bibRefCitation>
; cuticle not thickened around the pores of the caudal region (while thickened in
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4AFFD05016F8A50435F8E8"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[383,539,1837,1863]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4AFFD05536F8A6032AF8E7"author="Claxton S. K."box="[1119,1284,1837,1864]"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"pagination="125 - 160"refId="ref15762"refString="Claxton S. K. 1998. A revision of the genus Minibiotus Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae with descriptions of new species from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 50: 125 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.50.1998.1276"type="journal article"year="1998">Claxton 1998</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; absence of the refractive zone at base of the claws (present in
). The eggs of the two species are very similar, both morphologically and morphometrically; however, two possible differences can be singled out: the distance between the egg processes is 1.3–3.4 µm in the new species, while
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4AFFD055A8F81E0359F81F"author="Claxton S. K."box="[1217,1399,1941,1968]"pageId="25"pageNumber="102"pagination="125 - 160"refId="ref15762"refString="Claxton S. K. 1998. A revision of the genus Minibiotus Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae with descriptions of new species from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 50: 125 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.50.1998.1276"type="journal article"year="1998">Claxton (1998)</bibRefCitation>
reported a distance of “about 5 µm”; this may be confirmed by the slightly higher average number of processes on the egg hemisphere in
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD5530AFEA704D1FEE9"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[611,767,300,326]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD49FFD350CCFDEC04B0FD2C"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[421,670,615,643]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="26"pageNumber="103"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
ranges and the mean in brackets; they refer, without any indication, to senior specimens for correct comparison with
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD49FFD3521FFD00039EFD08"authority="Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi, 2009"authorityName="Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi"authorityYear="2009"box="[886,1456,651,679]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="26"pageNumber="103"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="xavieri">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD49FFD3529CFD00039EFD08"author="Fontoura P. & Pilato G. & Morais P. & Lisi O."box="[1013,1456,651,679]"pageId="26"pageNumber="103"pagination="55 - 64"refId="ref16279"refString="Fontoura P., Pilato G., Morais P. & Lisi O. 2009 a. Minibiotus xavieri, a new species of tardigrade from Parque Biologico de Gaia, Portugal (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae). Zootaxa 2267: 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2267.1.4"type="journal article"year="2009">Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD49FFD354D2FD0006DBFD65"authority="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004"authorityName="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek"authorityYear="2004"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="26"pageNumber="103"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="eichhorni">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD49FFD35730FD0006DBFD65"author="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L."pageId="26"pageNumber="103"pagination="673 - 676"refId="ref17177"refString="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L. 2004. Minibiotus eichhorni sp. nov., a new species of eutardigrade (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Peru. Annales Zoologici 54 (4): 673 - 676."type="journal article"year="2004">Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD49FFD35059FD2504D8FD65"authority="Meyer & Hinton, 2009"authorityName="Meyer & Hinton"authorityYear="2009"box="[304,758,686,714]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="26"pageNumber="103"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="harrylewisi">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD49FFD3508CFD2504D8FD65"author="Meyer H. A. & Hinton J. G."box="[485,758,686,714]"pageId="26"pageNumber="103"pagination="255 - 268"refId="ref16997"refString="Meyer H. A. & Hinton J. G. 2009. The Tardigrada of southern Africa, with the description of Minibiotus harrylewisi, a new species from KwaZulu - Natal, South Africa (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae). African Invertebrates 50 (2): 255 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.5733 / afin. 050.0203"type="journal article"year="2009">Meyer & Hinton, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; otherwise “Y+S” is specified to indicate that the values of young and senior specimens are together in a single range for correct comparison with
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD49FFD353B8FD5A035DFD42"authority="Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton, 2005"authorityName="Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton"authorityYear="2005"box="[721,1395,721,749]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="26"pageNumber="103"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="weglarskae">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD49FFD352ECFD5A035DFD42"author="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L. & Claxton S. K."box="[901,1395,721,749]"pageId="26"pageNumber="103"pagination="47 - 56"refId="ref17329"refString="Michalczyk L., Kaczmarek L. & Claxton S. K. 2005. Minibiotus weglarskae, a new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Mongolia. Zootaxa 1008: 47 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1008.1.6"type="journal article"year="2005">Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton, 2005</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD49FFD353FFFCA60509FCE8"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[662,807,813,839]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="26"pageNumber="103"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD49FFD352A9FCA7021FFCE9"authorityName="Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi"authorityYear="2009"box="[960,1073,812,838]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="26"pageNumber="103"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="xavieri">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD49FFD355ABFCA7037CFCE9"authorityName="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek"authorityYear="2004"box="[1218,1362,812,838]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="26"pageNumber="103"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="eichhorni">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD49FFD354AFFCA70048FCE9"authorityName="Meyer & Hinton"authorityYear="2009"box="[1478,1638,812,838]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="26"pageNumber="103"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="harrylewisi">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD49FFD357D7FCD300CEFCDD"authority="All"authorityName="Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton"authorityYear="2005"box="[1726,1760,856,882]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="26"pageNumber="103"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="weglarskae">All</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD48FFD2504EFDF90409FD21"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[295,551,626,654]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="27"pageNumber="104"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
ranges and the mean in brackets; they refer, without any indication, to senior specimens for correct comparison with
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD48FFD2521CFD1E0381FD1E"authority="Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi, 2009"authorityName="Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi"authorityYear="2009"box="[885,1455,661,689]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="27"pageNumber="104"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="xavieri">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD48FFD2529DFD1E0381FD1E"author="Fontoura P. & Pilato G. & Morais P. & Lisi O."box="[1012,1455,661,689]"pageId="27"pageNumber="104"pagination="55 - 64"refId="ref16279"refString="Fontoura P., Pilato G., Morais P. & Lisi O. 2009 a. Minibiotus xavieri, a new species of tardigrade from Parque Biologico de Gaia, Portugal (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae). Zootaxa 2267: 55 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2267.1.4"type="journal article"year="2009">Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD48FFD254D3FD1E06DAFD7B"authority="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004"authorityName="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek"authorityYear="2004"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="27"pageNumber="104"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="eichhorni">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD48FFD25731FD1E06DAFD7B"author="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L."pageId="27"pageNumber="104"pagination="673 - 676"refId="ref17177"refString="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L. 2004. Minibiotus eichhorni sp. nov., a new species of eutardigrade (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Peru. Annales Zoologici 54 (4): 673 - 676."type="journal article"year="2004">Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD48FFD25046FD3304DBFD7B"authority="Meyer & Hinton, 2009"authorityName="Meyer & Hinton"authorityYear="2009"box="[303,757,696,724]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="27"pageNumber="104"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="harrylewisi">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD48FFD2508DFD3304DBFD7B"author="Meyer H. A. & Hinton J. G."box="[484,757,696,724]"pageId="27"pageNumber="104"pagination="255 - 268"refId="ref16997"refString="Meyer H. A. & Hinton J. G. 2009. The Tardigrada of southern Africa, with the description of Minibiotus harrylewisi, a new species from KwaZulu - Natal, South Africa (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae). African Invertebrates 50 (2): 255 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.5733 / afin. 050.0203"type="journal article"year="2009">Meyer & Hinton, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; otherwise “Y+S” is specified to indicate that the values of young and senior specimens are together in a single range for correct comparison with
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD48FFD253B9FD57035CFD57"authority="Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton, 2005"authorityName="Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton"authorityYear="2005"box="[720,1394,732,760]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="27"pageNumber="104"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="weglarskae">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD48FFD252EDFD57035CFD57"author="Michalczyk L. & Kaczmarek L. & Claxton S. K."box="[900,1394,732,760]"pageId="27"pageNumber="104"pagination="47 - 56"refId="ref17329"refString="Michalczyk L., Kaczmarek L. & Claxton S. K. 2005. Minibiotus weglarskae, a new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Mongolia. Zootaxa 1008: 47 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1008.1.6"type="journal article"year="2005">Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton, 2005</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD48FFD253FCFCCB0508FCF5"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[661,806,832,858]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="27"pageNumber="104"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD48FFD252D6FCB4021EFCF6"authorityName="Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi"authorityYear="2009"box="[959,1072,831,857]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="27"pageNumber="104"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="xavieri">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD48FFD255A8FCB4037FFCF6"authorityName="Michalczyk & Kaczmarek"authorityYear="2004"box="[1217,1361,831,857]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="27"pageNumber="104"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="eichhorni">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD48FFD254ACFCB4004BFCF6"authorityName="Meyer & Hinton"authorityYear="2009"box="[1477,1637,831,857]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="27"pageNumber="104"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="harrylewisi">
<bibRefCitationid="4C574B40AD4FFFD5523CFEE6027CFE28"author="Binda M. G. & Pilato G."box="[853,1106,365,391]"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"pagination="111 - 120"refId="ref15436"refString="Binda M. G. & Pilato G. 1992. Minibiotus furcatus, nuova posizione sistematica per Macrobiotus furcatus Ehrenberg, 1859, e descrizione di due nuove specie. Animalia 19: 111 - 120."type="journal article"year="1992">Binda & Pilato 1992</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD55091FE3F04B9FE62"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[504,663,435,461]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD551D4FDD507E4FDD7"authorityName="Meyer & Hinton"authorityYear="2009"box="[189,458,606,632]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="harrylewisi">
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD4FFFD5550CFD0902EBFD33"box="[1125,1221,642,668]"captionStart="Table 9"captionStartId="26.[187,256,580,608]"captionTargetPageId="26"captionText="Table 9 (continued on next page). Statistically significant differences (through one-side Student t-tests) of overlapping pt ranges of selected metric characters, betweenMinibiotus dispositus sp. nov. and the similar species. Values indicate thept ranges and the mean in brackets; they refer, without any indication, to senior specimens for correct comparison with M. xavieri Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi, 2009, M. eichhorni Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004 and M. harrylewisi Meyer & Hinton, 2009; otherwise “Y+S” is specified to indicate that the values of young and senior specimens are together in a single range for correct comparison with M. weglarskae Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton, 2005."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD49FFD351D2FDCF0359FD42"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"tableUuid="7CB96639AD49FFD351D2FDCF0359FD42">Table 9</tableCitation>
; Supp. file 8). Different egg characteristics: long cones, 13.0–17.0 µm high, uniformly tapering from the base, with granulated chorion in the new species, while
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD553B9FD420553FD4D"authorityName="Meyer & Hinton"authorityYear="2009"box="[720,893,712,738]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="harrylewisi">
, reported only for few Italian localities: the species was compared with senior specimens of
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD55036FCDA07D5FCC5"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[351,507,848,874]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
; pores having a wide dimensional range (from 0.9 to 3.1 µm) in
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD555DEFC31037BFC7C"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[1207,1365,953,979]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus">
(band number of both species including cephalic and caudal bands). Totally different egg characteristics, since the new species has eggs with very slender, smooth, conical processes (process height 13.0–17.0 μm, process base width 2.0–4.5 μm) tapering apically, and a granulated chorion without ridges, while
has a peculiar egg with very wide, reticulated, trunco-conical processes (process height 8–12 µm, process base width 28–30 µm) with jagged apical portion and irregular ridges on the chorion surface.
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD551D4FB7A07C3FAA4"authorityName="Fontoura, Pilato, Lisi & Morais"authorityYear="2009"box="[189,493,1265,1291]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="orthofasciatus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD5538AFA9E059FFA81"authorityName="Fontoura, Pilato, Lisi & Morais"authorityYear="2009"box="[739,945,1300,1326]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="orthofasciatus">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD551B2FAB20759FAFD"authorityName="Rocha & Doma & Camarda & Ostertag & Meier & Frigieri & Cesari & Lisi"authorityYear="2024"box="[219,375,1336,1362]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="dispositus"status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD553C7FAB20553FAFD"authorityName="Fontoura, Pilato, Lisi & Morais"authorityYear="2009"box="[686,893,1336,1362]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="orthofasciatus">
). Totally different egg characteristics since the new species has eggs with conical processes and a granulated chorion not covered by a membrane including the processes, while
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD5534AFAF404DFFA37"authorityName="Fontoura, Pilato, Lisi & Morais"authorityYear="2009"box="[547,753,1406,1432]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="orthofasciatus">
); dorsal and leg pores occur to be multilobate (usually 3–4 lobes/arms) in the new species, while subcircular to triangular or polygonal, but with no lobes/arms, in
was not described as having a pore distribution pattern, but but if it had the number of possible pore rows (according to the original drawing) is clearly far lower than in the new species.
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD551D4F97C07F7F8BE"authorityName="Binda & Pilato"authorityYear="1992"box="[189,473,1783,1809]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="vinciguerrae">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD555D0F9730358F8BE"authorityName="Binda & Pilato"authorityYear="1992"box="[1209,1398,1784,1809]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="vinciguerrae">
many pores are elliptical, reaching the size of 2.1 µm (largest pore size for the species), while few pores are triangular/trilobate or (even more rarely) quadrangular/quadrilobate, in any case of smaller or equal size to the elliptical pores; in the new species, instead, elliptical pores are rare and small (around 1 µm), while the triangular/trilobate and quadrangular/quadrilobate are common and bigger (up to 3.1 µm). The new species has shorter ventral lamina (
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD55297F8230292F86E"authorityName="Binda & Pilato"authorityYear="1992"box="[1022,1212,1960,1985]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="vinciguerrae">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4FFFD55206F8400200F84B"authorityName="Binda & Pilato"authorityYear="1992"box="[879,1070,1995,2020]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="28"pageNumber="105"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="vinciguerrae">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4EFFD451B4FE8107B2FE8C"authorityName="Binda & Pilato"authorityYear="1992"box="[221,412,266,291]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="29"pageNumber="106"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="vinciguerrae">
); different details of the egg morphology: the egg processes have only sometimes bifurcated end (very commonly in
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4EFFD45305FEA60500FEE9"authorityName="Binda & Pilato"authorityYear="1992"box="[620,814,301,326]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="29"pageNumber="106"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="vinciguerrae">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4EFFD451D4FEDB0755FEC6"authorityName="Binda & Pilato"authorityYear="1992"box="[189,379,336,361]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="29"pageNumber="106"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="vinciguerrae">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4EFFD452C1FEDB024AFEC6"authorityName="Binda & Pilato"authorityYear="1992"box="[936,1124,336,361]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="29"pageNumber="106"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="vinciguerrae">
), closer to one-another (distance between processes 1.3–3.4 µm vs 5 µm in
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4EFFD4525AFEF805DEFE23"authorityName="Binda & Pilato"authorityYear="1992"box="[819,1008,371,396]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="29"pageNumber="106"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="vinciguerrae">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4EFFD45342FE1C04C6FE1F"authorityName="Binda & Pilato"authorityYear="1992"box="[555,744,407,432]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="29"pageNumber="106"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="vinciguerrae">
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD4EFFD453F9FD9504C9FD97"box="[656,743,542,568]"captionStart="Table 9"captionStartId="26.[187,256,580,608]"captionTargetPageId="26"captionText="Table 9 (continued on next page). Statistically significant differences (through one-side Student t-tests) of overlapping pt ranges of selected metric characters, betweenMinibiotus dispositus sp. nov. and the similar species. Values indicate thept ranges and the mean in brackets; they refer, without any indication, to senior specimens for correct comparison with M. xavieri Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi, 2009, M. eichhorni Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004 and M. harrylewisi Meyer & Hinton, 2009; otherwise “Y+S” is specified to indicate that the values of young and senior specimens are together in a single range for correct comparison with M. weglarskae Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton, 2005."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD49FFD351D2FDCF0359FD42"pageId="29"pageNumber="106"tableUuid="7CB96639AD49FFD351D2FDCF0359FD42">Table 9</tableCitation>
for statistical significance of differences in overlapping
). Totally different egg characteristics since the new species has eggs with conical processes and a granulated chorion not covered by a membrane including the processes, while
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4EFFD451D4FC8407B9FC86"authorityName="Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi"authorityYear="2009"box="[189,407,783,809]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="29"pageNumber="106"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="xavieri">
: multilobate dorsal/leg pores with 3–4 lobes/arms, sometimes 5, in the new species, while only trilobate in
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4EFFD452ABFCB80216FCE3"authorityName="Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi"authorityYear="2009"box="[962,1080,819,844]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="29"pageNumber="106"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="xavieri">
<taxonomicNameid="EFC64D32AD4EFFD45399FCDD0548FCC0"authorityName="Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi"authorityYear="2009"box="[752,870,854,879]"class="Eutardigrada"family="Macrobiotidae"genus="Minibiotus"kingdom="Animalia"order="Parachela"pageId="29"pageNumber="106"phylum="Tardigrada"rank="species"species="xavieri">
<tableCitationid="6544030AAD4EFFD452C9FCF205D2FC3C"box="[928,1020,889,915]"captionStart="Table 9"captionStartId="26.[187,256,580,608]"captionTargetPageId="26"captionText="Table 9 (continued on next page). Statistically significant differences (through one-side Student t-tests) of overlapping pt ranges of selected metric characters, betweenMinibiotus dispositus sp. nov. and the similar species. Values indicate thept ranges and the mean in brackets; they refer, without any indication, to senior specimens for correct comparison with M. xavieri Fontoura, Pilato, Morais & Lisi, 2009, M. eichhorni Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004 and M. harrylewisi Meyer & Hinton, 2009; otherwise “Y+S” is specified to indicate that the values of young and senior specimens are together in a single range for correct comparison with M. weglarskae Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Claxton, 2005."httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7CB96639AD49FFD351D2FDCF0359FD42"pageId="29"pageNumber="106"tableUuid="7CB96639AD49FFD351D2FDCF0359FD42">Table 9</tableCitation>
; Supp. file 8). Egg processes in the circumference far more numerous in the new species (29–34), while only
