1635 lines
208 KiB
XML
1635 lines
208 KiB
XML
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<document id="9AC1B54629591FF7B9ADD7B23FB7220C" ID-CLB-Dataset="7823" ID-DOI="10.1093/mspecies/sey007" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c52dfeb7-f89d-4403-aab3-3189fb7f0a40" ID-ISSN="1545-1410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573505" ID-ZooBank="A2B2BA4B-030C-465C-877C-7BCDD344578B" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614694886043" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="F., Pablo Valladares, Spotorno, Ángel E., M., Arturo Cortes & R, Carlos Zuleta" docDate="2018" docId="121C87BDBA4DFFF41FEF95995E19FB7D" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpecies.50.960.51-58.pdf" docOrigin="Mammalian Species 50 (960)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sey007" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E260F2FEBB038053A7447521347BED36.4:MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="E260F2FEBB038053A7447521347BED36" docStyleName="MammalSpecies.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chinchilla chinchilla chinchilla (Lichtenstein 1830" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="EE25FFC5BA4DFFF11F2D91285B30FFDF" masterDocTitle="Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia: Chinchillidae)" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1698931797032" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1DCDFAED3B73B0EAAF6FF0D36792DEAE">
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<mods:title id="8AD1B2D4550494579CDFE5786E7B73A9">Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia: Chinchillidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A9249AC8C29F293B5D2D14710B8456F7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="06DFFF41B3323FC715F83E555A86C155">F., Pablo Valladares</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="8FD9A2346116123A75D0EBA5F1D9564F">Spotorno, Ángel E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="40938C41169CDFDC572CC42EAA33B911">M., Arturo Cortes</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0AEC3955B4054CE391BE75407E0C2B7F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="60DDE2683C88CE06D36D412986A2F6B1">R, Carlos Zuleta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C34A691A48514B11B2FB576016FB05D1">Mammalian Species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="ED9C31E62F754AC46FB9E34543FFCE43">
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<mods:date id="C658E6C837256650774861B7A0716B8C">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CFF998390CFA572B1AAE8953BC568A93">2018-08-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="63D7AC17AE62B14D62515F9C802E3437">50</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BC62D81F80ED9E26363BB258B2847B8C">960</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="AFBDF4F3E0CCD28BB88EA229D8FF238F">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/sey007</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="1873257C5590DECA52EE096AD690E936">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CF2F630C2382EB11CCB1E333DFA529BF" type="CLB-Dataset">7823</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="96AF6AEDD777382F436BE4EF62301D50" type="DOI">10.1093/mspecies/sey007</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8997D98C7637A53AC77778F7E4E9FF73" type="GBIF-Dataset">c52dfeb7-f89d-4403-aab3-3189fb7f0a40</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="121C87BDBA4DFFF41FEF95995E19FB7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4592245" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180302026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4592245" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:121C87BDBA4DFFF41FEF95995E19FB7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/121C87BDBA4DFFF41FEF95995E19FB7D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection id="D2AF6520BA4DFFF11FEF959959F3FB14" box="[194,707,1201,1227]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4DFFF11FEF959959F3FB14" blockId="0.[194,707,1201,1227]" box="[194,707,1201,1227]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="C14281C7BA4DFFF11FEF959959F3FB14" box="[194,707,1201,1227]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4DFFF11FEF959959F3FB14" ID-CoL="5XS4V" authority="chinchilla (Lichtenstein, 1830)" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[194,707,1201,1227]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
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<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11FEF959959F3FB14" bold="true" box="[194,707,1201,1227]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11FEF95995AF4FB14" bold="true" box="[194,452,1201,1227]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
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(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4DFFF11EF89599598AFB14" author="LICHTENSTEIN, M. H. C." box="[469,698,1201,1227]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="2" refId="ref7594" refString="LICHTENSTEIN, M. H. C. 1830. Eriomys chinchilla Licht. ie Chinchilla- Wollmaus. In Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter Saugethiere in Abbildungen und Bescreibungen von funf und sechzig Arten auf funfzig colorirten Steindrucktaffeln nach den originalen des Zoologischen Museums der Universitat zu Berlin. Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Heft 5, plate 28, plus 2 unnumbered pages of text. Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, Germany." type="book chapter" year="1830">Lichtenstein, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
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)
|
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</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
|
|||
|
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</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
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<subSubSection id="D2AF6520BA4DFFF11E7395DC5962FAD4" box="[350,594,1268,1291]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="vernacular_names">
|
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<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4DFFF11E7395DC5962FAD4" blockId="0.[350,594,1268,1291]" box="[350,594,1268,1291]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
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Short-tailed
|
|||
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<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4DFFF11ECE95DC5962FAD4" box="[483,594,1268,1291]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chinchilla</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
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</paragraph>
|
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|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
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<subSubSection id="D2AF6520BA4DFFF01F4094645A18FD5D" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
|
|||
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<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4DFFF11F40946459B8FA1C" blockId="0.[109,792,1356,1859]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4DFFF11F409464592DFABC" ID-CoL="3N7G" authority="Lichtenstein, 1830" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[109,541,1356,1379]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Eriomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
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<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11F4094645A0FFABC" box="[109,319,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Eriomys chinchilla</emphasis>
|
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|
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<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4DFFF11E639464592DFABC" author="LICHTENSTEIN, M. H. C." box="[334,541,1356,1379]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="2" refId="ref7594" refString="LICHTENSTEIN, M. H. C. 1830. Eriomys chinchilla Licht. ie Chinchilla- Wollmaus. In Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter Saugethiere in Abbildungen und Bescreibungen von funf und sechzig Arten auf funfzig colorirten Steindrucktaffeln nach den originalen des Zoologischen Museums der Universitat zu Berlin. Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Heft 5, plate 28, plus 2 unnumbered pages of text. Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, Germany." type="book chapter" year="1830">Lichtenstein, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
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:plate 28.
|
|||
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<typeStatus id="450E8809BA4DFFF11DBA946459FCFABC" box="[663,716,1356,1379]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
locality unknown; stated as
|
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<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4DFFF11EB194445AFDFA5C" box="[412,461,1388,1411]" name="Peru" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|||
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|
by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4DFFF11ED79444599DFA5C" author="PRELL, H." box="[506,685,1388,1411]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="97 - 104" refId="ref8143" refString="PRELL, H. 1934 a. Die gegenwartig bekannten Arten der Gattung Chinchilla Bennett. Zoologischer Anzeiger 108: 97 - 104." type="journal article" year="1934">Prell, 1934a:102</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4DFFF11D9394445A35FA7C" author="OSGOOD, W. H." pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="407 - 411" refId="ref8035" refString="OSGOOD, W. H. 1941. The technical name of the chinchilla. Journal of Mammalogy 22: 407 - 411." type="journal article" year="1941">Osgood, 1941:410</bibRefCitation>
|
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);
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4DFFF11E3B94A45AF1FA7C" author="ALLEN, G. M." box="[278,449,1420,1443]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="389 - 396" refId="ref6121" refString="ALLEN, G. M. 1942. Extinct and vanishing mammals of the Western Hemisphere. American Communication and International Wild Life Protection, Special Publication 11: 389 - 396." type="journal article" year="1942">Allen, 1942:391</bibRefCitation>
|
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states that Lichtenstein
|
|||
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|
<quote id="E84AC1B9BA4DFFF11D9694A459B8FA1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
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|
|
“implied that the specimen came from
|
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<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4DFFF11EFB94845922FA1C" box="[470,530,1452,1475]" name="Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
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, not
|
|||
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<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4DFFF11D6B9484594BFA1C" box="[582,635,1452,1475]" name="Peru" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
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.”
|
|||
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</quote>
|
|||
|
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</paragraph>
|
|||
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|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4DFFF11F4094E459F1F9DC" blockId="0.[109,792,1356,1859]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4DFFF11F4094E45BF8F9DC" authority="D'Orbigny and I. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1830: 289" authorityName="D'Orbigny and I. Geoffroy St. Hilaire" authorityPageNumber="289" authorityYear="1830" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Callomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureus">
|
|||
|
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<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11F4094E45A13FA3C" box="[109,291,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Callomys aureus</emphasis>
|
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D’Orbigny and I. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1830: 289
|
|||
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4DFFF11FFE94C45A73F9DC" ID-CoL="3N7G" box="[211,323,1516,1539]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11FFE94C45A73F9DC" box="[211,323,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in their composite genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4DFFF11D7B94C4598BF9DC" box="[598,699,1516,1539]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Callomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11D7B94C4598BF9DC" box="[598,699,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Callomys</emphasis>
|
|||
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4DFFF11F4097245BC2F99C" blockId="0.[109,792,1356,1859]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4DFFF11F4097245929F9FC" authority=": Wagler, 1831: 614" authorityName="Wagler" authorityPageNumber="614" authorityYear="1831" box="[109,537,1548,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lagostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11F4097245A75F9FC" box="[109,325,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Lagostomus laniger</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4DFFF11E7897245929F9FC" author="WAGLER, J." box="[341,537,1548,1571]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="612 - 617" refId="ref9082" refString="WAGLER, J. 1831. Gattungen der Sippe Lagostomus Brookers, mit ihrer Synonymie. Isis von Oken 24: 612 - 617." type="journal article" year="1831">Wagler, 1831:614</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Part, not
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4DFFF11DA397245BC2F99C" authority="G. I. Molina." authorityName="G. I. Molina." class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lagostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laniger">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11DA3972459EBF9FC" box="[654,731,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">laniger</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
G. I. Molina.
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4DFFF11F4097645839F9BC" blockId="0.[109,792,1356,1859]" box="[109,777,1612,1635]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4DFFF11F409764591CF9BC" authority=": Meyen, 1833: 586" authorityName="Meyen" authorityPageNumber="586" authorityYear="1833" box="[109,556,1612,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lagostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11F4097645A6FF9BC" box="[109,351,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Lagostomus chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4DFFF11E409764591CF9BC" author="MEYEN, F. J. F." box="[365,556,1612,1635]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="549 - 610" refId="ref7691" refString="MEYEN, F. J. F. 1833. Beitrage zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde. Zweite Abhandlung. Saugethiere. Nova Acta Physicomedica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum 16: 549 - 610." type="journal article" year="1833">Meyen, 1833:586</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Name combination.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4DFFF11F4097445BDBF97C" blockId="0.[109,792,1356,1859]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4DFFF11F4097445943F95C" ID-CoL="5XRT7" authority="Waterhouse, 1848: 41" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityPageNumber="41" authorityYear="1848" box="[109,627,1644,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11F4097445A47F95C" box="[109,375,1644,1667]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Chinchilla brevicaudata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4DFFF11EAB97445943F95C" author="WATERHOUSE, G. R." box="[390,627,1644,1667]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="ref9179" refString="WATERHOUSE, G. R. 1848. A natural history of the Mammalia. Vol. 2, Rodentia. Hippolyte Bailliere, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1848">Waterhouse, 1848:41</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="450E8809BA4DFFF11DA89744598AF95C" box="[645,698,1644,1667]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
locality
|
|||
|
|
<quote id="E84AC1B9BA4DFFF11FB097A45BDBF97C" box="[157,235,1676,1699]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
“
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4DFFF11F8A97A45BEDF97C" box="[167,221,1676,1699]" name="Peru" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.”
|
|||
|
|
</quote>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4DFFF11F4097845A19F93C" blockId="0.[109,792,1356,1859]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4DFFF11F40978459FFF91C" authority=": Trouessart, 1898: 628" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityPageNumber="628" authorityYear="1898" box="[109,719,1708,1731]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="brevicaudata" variety="major">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11F4097845A5EF91C" box="[109,366,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Chinchilla brevicaudata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
var.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11EB397845AEEF91C" box="[414,478,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">major</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4DFFF11EC1978459FFF91C" author="TROUESSART, E. - L." box="[492,719,1708,1731]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="ref8762" refString="TROUESSART, E. - L. 1898. Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilium. Fasciculus III. Rodentia II (Myomorpha, Histricomorpha, Lagomorpha). R. Friedlander & Sohn, Berolini, Germany." type="book" year="1898">Trouessart, 1898:628</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Name combination.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4DFFF11F4097C45AD5F89C" blockId="0.[109,792,1356,1859]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4DFFF11F4097C45ACFF8DC" authority="Brass, 1911: 613" authorityName="Brass" authorityPageNumber="613" authorityYear="1911" box="[109,511,1772,1795]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11F4097C45A79F8DC" box="[109,329,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Chinchilla boliviana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4DFFF11E6397C45ACFF8DC" author="BRASS, E." box="[334,511,1772,1795]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="ref6349" refString="BRASS, E. 1911. Aus dem Reiche der Pelze, 2 vols. Neue Pelzwaren- Zeitung, Berlin, Germany." type="book" year="1911">Brass, 1911:613</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="450E8809BA4DFFF11D2597C4590DF8DC" box="[520,573,1772,1795]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
locality
|
|||
|
|
<quote id="E84AC1B9BA4DFFF11DB597C45AD5F89C" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
“aus Peruist sehr selten geworden. –Die fiensten Felle kommen aus der Gegend von
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4DFFF11E0B96045A55F89C" box="[294,357,1836,1859]" country="Peru" name="Tacna" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Tacna</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
und Arica.”
|
|||
|
|
</quote>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4DFFF11C6595985EC3FB38" blockId="0.[840,1523,1200,1255]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4DFFF11C6595985E2EFB18" authority="Dennler, 1939: 95" authorityName="Dennler" authorityPageNumber="95" authorityYear="1939" box="[840,1310,1200,1223]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11C6595985F70FB18" box="[840,1088,1200,1223]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Chinchilla intermedia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4DFFF11B7995985E2EFB18" author="DENNLER, G." box="[1108,1310,1200,1223]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="95 - 98" refId="ref6886" refString="DENNLER, G. 1939. Las Chinchillas. Animales Peliferos 2: 95 - 98." type="journal article" year="1939">Dennler, 1939:95</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="450E8809BA4DFFF11A1B95985EA9FB18" box="[1334,1433,1200,1223]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
probably specimen 13037 from Museo Argentino de Ciencias
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="CECA6623BA4DFFF11C6A97DC5EC2F8F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573507" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573507/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" startId="0.[839,874,1780,1801]" targetBox="[844,1516,1319,1767]" targetPageId="0">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4DFFF11C6A97DC5EC2F8F9" blockId="0.[839,1522,1780,1830]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11C6A97DC58BAF8D6" bold="true" box="[839,906,1780,1801]" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
—Adult wild
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4DFFF11B3A97DC5FD5F8D6" ID-CoL="5XS4V" authority="chinchilla" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1047,1253,1780,1801]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4DFFF11B3A97DC5FD5F8D6" box="[1047,1253,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from Nevado Tres Cruces National Reserve, Atacama region, Chile. Photograph, used with per-
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4DFFF01C6A96075908FEDD" blockId="0.[839,1498,1839,1860]" lastBlockId="1.[109,792,203,642]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|||
|
|
mission, by Agustían Iriarte, Nicolas Lagos, and Rodrigo Villalobos. Naturales
|
|||
|
|
<quote id="E84AC1B9BA4CFFF01E3B91E35917FF3D" box="[278,551,203,226]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">“Bernardino Rivadavia,”</quote>
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="450E8809BA4CFFF01D1791E35958FF3D" box="[570,616,203,226]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
locality: Abra Pampa, National Breeding from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4CFFF01ED591C35904FEDD" box="[504,564,235,258]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4CFFF01F4090235A1AFE9D" blockId="1.[109,792,203,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01F40902359F8FEFD" authority=": G. M. Allen, 1942: 389" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityPageNumber="389" authorityYear="1942" box="[109,712,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="laniger" subSpecies="boliviana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01F4090235A9AFEFD" box="[109,426,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla laniger boliviana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: G. M.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01D3D902359F8FEFD" author="ALLEN, G. M." box="[528,712,267,290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="389 - 396" refId="ref6121" refString="ALLEN, G. M. 1942. Extinct and vanishing mammals of the Western Hemisphere. American Communication and International Wild Life Protection, Special Publication 11: 389 - 396." type="journal article" year="1942">Allen, 1942:389</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Name combination.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4CFFF01F4090635A1BFE5D" blockId="1.[109,792,203,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01F40906359FDFEBD" ID-CoL="5XRT7" authority=": G. M. Allen, 1942: 389" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityPageNumber="389" authorityYear="1942" box="[109,717,331,354]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="laniger" subSpecies="brevicaudata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01F4090635AF5FEBD" box="[109,453,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla laniger brevicaudata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
: G. M.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01D31906359FDFEBD" author="ALLEN, G. M." box="[540,717,331,354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="389 - 396" refId="ref6121" refString="ALLEN, G. M. 1942. Extinct and vanishing mammals of the Western Hemisphere. American Communication and International Wild Life Protection, Special Publication 11: 389 - 396." type="journal article" year="1942">Allen, 1942:389</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Name combination.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4CFFF01F4090A35A8DFE1D" blockId="1.[109,792,203,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01F4090A359A5FE7D" ID-CoL="7JK9C" authority="chinchilla chinchilla: Osgood, 1941: 410" authorityName="Osgood" authorityPageNumber="410" authorityYear="1941" box="[109,661,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="chinchilla" subSpecies="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01F4090A35A8FFE7D" box="[109,447,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01EE090A359A5FE7D" author="OSGOOD, W. H." box="[461,661,395,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="407 - 411" refId="ref8035" refString="OSGOOD, W. H. 1941. The technical name of the chinchilla. Journal of Mammalogy 22: 407 - 411." type="journal article" year="1941">Osgood, 1941:410</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. First use of current name combination.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4CFFF01F4090E35A1AFDDD" blockId="1.[109,792,203,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01F4090E359F1FE3D" ID-CoL="7JJXC" authority=": Osgood, 1943: 136" authorityName="Osgood" authorityPageNumber="136" authorityYear="1943" box="[109,705,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="chinchilla" subSpecies="boliviana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01F4090E35AE3FE3D" box="[109,467,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla chinchilla boliviana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01EC090E359F1FE3D" author="OSGOOD, W. H." box="[493,705,459,482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref8059" refString="OSGOOD, W. H. 1943. The mammals of Chile. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoology Series 30: 1 - 268." type="book chapter" year="1943">Osgood, 1943:136</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Name combination.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4CFFF01F4093235A1AFD9D" blockId="1.[109,792,203,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01F40932359F9FDFD" authority=": Cabrera, 1960: 201" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityPageNumber="201" authorityYear="1960" box="[109,713,523,546]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="brevicaudata" subSpecies="boliviana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01F4093235AD6FDFD" box="[109,486,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla brevicaudata boliviana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01ED7932359F9FDFD" author="CABRERA, A." box="[506,713,523,546]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="195 - 202" refId="ref6372" refString="CABRERA, A. 1960. Acerca de las chinchillas. Actas y trabajos del Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoologia, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina 4: 195 - 202." type="journal article" year="1960">Cabrera, 1960:201</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Name combination.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4CFFF01F4093635A18FD5D" blockId="1.[109,792,203,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01F40936359FFFDBD" ID-CoL="5XRT7" authority="brevicaudata: Cabrera, 1960: 201" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityPageNumber="201" authorityYear="1960" box="[109,719,587,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="brevicaudata" subSpecies="brevicaudata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01F4093635ACCFDBD" box="[109,508,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla brevicaudata brevicaudata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01D24936359FFFDBD" author="CABRERA, A." box="[521,719,587,610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="195 - 202" refId="ref6372" refString="CABRERA, A. 1960. Acerca de las chinchillas. Actas y trabajos del Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoologia, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina 4: 195 - 202." type="journal article" year="1960">Cabrera, 1960:201</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Name combination.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D2AF6520BA4CFFF01F4093835837FBBD" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4CFFF01F4093835837FBBD" blockId="1.[105,793,683,1122]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
CONTEXT AND CONTENT. Order
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01D07938359BDFD1D" box="[554,653,683,706]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, suborder
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01F4093E35A2DFD3D" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1855" box="[109,285,715,738]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Hystricomorpha">Hystricomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, infraorderHystricognathi, familyChinchillidae, subfamily
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01FCD93C35A43FCDD" box="[224,371,747,770]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chinchillinae">Chinchillinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The family
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01D2593C359A8FCDD" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="1833" box="[520,664,747,770]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Chinchillidae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01D8693C35821FCDD" box="[683,785,747,770]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01F4092235A3DFCFD" box="[109,269,779,802]" infraOrder="Hystricognathi" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rank="infraOrder">Hystricognathi</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) contains 3 genera:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01ED79223595AFCFD" box="[506,618,779,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01ED79223595AFCFD" box="[506,618,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with 2 species (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01F5B92035BCBFC9D" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[118,251,811,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01F5B92035BCBFC9D" box="[118,251,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C.chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01E0792035A90FC9D" box="[298,416,811,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01E0792035A90FC9D" box="[298,416,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C. lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01E9B9203592CFC9D" box="[438,540,811,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Lagidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01E9B9203592CFC9D" box="[438,540,811,834]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Lagidium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with 3 species (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01DED92035B8CFCBD" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01DED9203583CFC9D" box="[704,780,811,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Lagidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ahua">L.ahua</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
- caensis
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01FE092635A73FCBD" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[205,323,843,866]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Lagidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viscacia">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01FE092635A73FCBD" box="[205,323,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">L. viscacia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01EA892635924FCBD" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[389,532,843,866]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Lagidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wolffsohni">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01EA892635924FCBD" box="[389,532,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">L. wolffsohni</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
), and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01D73926359EFFCBD" box="[606,735,843,866]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lagostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01D73926359EFFCBD" box="[606,735,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Lagostomus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
with 2 species (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01FC892435A64FC5D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[229,340,875,898]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lagostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01FC892435A64FC5D" box="[229,340,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">L. crassus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01EA29243593DFC5D" baseAuthorityName="Desmarest" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[399,525,875,898]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lagostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maximus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01EA29243593DFC5D" box="[399,525,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">L. maximus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
—Woods and Kilpatrick 2005;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01F9A92A35A91FC7D" author="LEDESMA, K. & F. WERNER & A. SPOTORNO & L. ALBUJA" box="[183,417,907,930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="41 - 57" refId="ref7550" refString="LEDESMA, K., F. WERNER, A. SPOTORNO, AND L. ALBUJA. 2009. A new species of mountain viscacha (Chinchillidae: Lagidium, Meyen) from Ecuadorean Andes. Zootaxa 21126: 41 - 57." type="journal article" year="2009">Ledesma et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; Spotorno and Valladares 2016).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01F4092835A7DFC1D" authority="chinchilla" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[109,333,939,962]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01F4092835A7DFC1D" box="[109,333,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is monotypic, although several other forms have been described for the high plateau of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4CFFF01D7F92E359B6FC3D" box="[594,646,971,994]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4CFFF01DBE92E359D4FC3D" box="[659,740,971,994]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4CFFF01F4092C35BEBFBDD" box="[109,219,1003,1026]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. However, because
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01E9192C3597BFBDD" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[444,587,1003,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01E9192C35AFEFBDD" box="[444,462,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01ECC92C3597BFBDD" box="[481,587,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is now extremely rare in the wild and may be extirpated in the greater part of its pre-Columbian distribution, its taxonomic relationship to wild populations of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01E2095635AA6FBBD" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[269,406,1099,1122]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01E2095635A2FFBBD" box="[269,287,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01E0195635AA6FBBD" box="[300,406,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
probably will never be confirmed.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D2AF6520BA4CFFF01F4095A35EFFF9FD" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4CFFF01F4095A359B3FA5D" blockId="1.[108,793,1163,1954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
NOMENCLATURAL NOTES. The genus
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01ED295A3595FFB7D" box="[511,623,1163,1186]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01ED295A3595FFB7D" box="[511,623,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and its species have had a controversial taxonomic history. Opinions differ in the number of species recognized: 1 (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01D0095E3598EFB3D" author="BENNETT, E. T." box="[557,702,1227,1250]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref6213" refString="BENNETT, E. T. 1829. The chinchilla. Gardens and Menagerie of the Zoological Society of London 1: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1829">Bennett 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01DE395E35B92FADD" author="AUTRAN, M." pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="121 - 136" refId="ref6182" refString="AUTRAN, M. 1906. Contribucion al estudio de la chinchilla Eriomys laniger. Boletin del Ministerio de Agricultura 4: 121 - 136. Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="journal article" year="1906">Autran 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01F9D95C35A0EFADD" author="OSGOOD, W. H." box="[176,318,1259,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="407 - 411" refId="ref8035" refString="OSGOOD, W. H. 1941. The technical name of the chinchilla. Journal of Mammalogy 22: 407 - 411." type="journal article" year="1941">Osgood 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) or 2 (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01EAA95C35926FADD" author="CABRERA, A." box="[391,534,1259,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="309 - 732" refId="ref6406" refString="CABRERA, A. 1961. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. II. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Ciencias Zoologicas 4: 309 - 732." type="journal article" year="1961">Cabrera 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01D0995C35998FADD" author="WOODS, C." box="[548,680,1259,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refId="ref9208" refString="WOODS, C. 1993. Suborder Hystricognathi. Pp. 771 - 806 in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). 2 nd ed. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="1993">Woods 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01D9B95C35BC1FAFD" author="SPOTORNO, A. E. & P. VALLADARES & R. E. PALMA & C. ZULETA" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="384 - 388" refId="ref8508" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., P. VALLADARES, J. C. MARiN, R. E. PALMA, AND C. ZULETA. 2004 a. Molecular divergence and phylogenetic relationships among chinchillids (Rodentia, Chinchillidae). Journal of Mammalogy 85: 384 - 388." type="journal article" year="2004">Spotorno et al. 2004a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; Woods and Kilpatrick 2005) or 3 (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01DA694235B92FA9D" author="BIDLINGMAIER, T. C." pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="159 - 163" refId="ref6292" refString="BIDLINGMAIER, T. C. 1937. Notes on the genus Chinchilla. Journal of Mammalogy 18: 159 - 163." type="journal article" year="1937">Bidlingmaier 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01F9D94035A1BFA9D" author="PRELL, H." box="[176,299,1323,1346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="207 - 209" refId="ref8167" refString="PRELL, H. 1934 b. Uber Mus laniger Molina. Zoologische Garten, Leipzig 7: 207 - 209." type="journal article" year="1934">Prell 1934b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), but according to
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01EDF9403598BFA9D" author="MILLER, S. D. & J. ROTTMANN & K. J. RAEDEKE & R. B. TABER" box="[498,699,1323,1346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="335 - 352" refId="ref7732" refString="MILLER, S. D., J. ROTTMANN, K. J. RAEDEKE, AND R. B. TABER. 1983. Endangered mammals of Chile: status and conservation. Biological Conservation 25: 335 - 352." type="journal article" year="1983">Miller et al. (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
this taxonomic issue can never be resolved because no wild populations of other putative species or subspecies are known.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4CFFF01FB594A35E49FE1D" blockId="1.[108,793,1163,1954]" lastBlockId="1.[838,1525,203,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01FB594A35A5AFA7D" author="LICHTENSTEIN, M. H. C." box="[152,362,1419,1442]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="2" refId="ref7594" refString="LICHTENSTEIN, M. H. C. 1830. Eriomys chinchilla Licht. ie Chinchilla- Wollmaus. In Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter Saugethiere in Abbildungen und Bescreibungen von funf und sechzig Arten auf funfzig colorirten Steindrucktaffeln nach den originalen des Zoologischen Museums der Universitat zu Berlin. Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Heft 5, plate 28, plus 2 unnumbered pages of text. Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, Germany." type="book chapter" year="1830">Lichtenstein (1830)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
described
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01EF294A35999FA7D" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[479,681,1419,1442]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Eriomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01EF294A35999FA7D" box="[479,681,1419,1442]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Eriomys chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from near
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4CFFF01F4394835B99FA1D" box="[110,169,1451,1474]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4CFFF01F9E94835BD4FA1D" box="[179,228,1451,1474]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01FDF94835A5CFA1D" author="PRELL, H." box="[242,364,1451,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="97 - 104" refId="ref8143" refString="PRELL, H. 1934 a. Die gegenwartig bekannten Arten der Gattung Chinchilla Bennett. Zoologischer Anzeiger 108: 97 - 104." type="journal article" year="1934">Prell 1934a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01E5494835937FA1D" author="OSGOOD, W. H." box="[377,519,1451,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="407 - 411" refId="ref8035" refString="OSGOOD, W. H. 1941. The technical name of the chinchilla. Journal of Mammalogy 22: 407 - 411." type="journal article" year="1941">Osgood 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01D3994835979FA1D" author="OSGOOD, W. H." box="[532,585,1451,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref8059" refString="OSGOOD, W. H. 1943. The mammals of Chile. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoology Series 30: 1 - 268." type="book chapter" year="1943">1943</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), or probably north of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4CFFF01FA694E35BF5FA3D" box="[139,197,1483,1506]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01FFB94E35A7EFA3D" author="ALLEN, G. M." box="[214,334,1483,1506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="389 - 396" refId="ref6121" refString="ALLEN, G. M. 1942. Extinct and vanishing mammals of the Western Hemisphere. American Communication and International Wild Life Protection, Special Publication 11: 389 - 396." type="journal article" year="1942">Allen 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01E4894E35902FA3D" author="WATERHOUSE, G. R." box="[357,562,1483,1506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refId="ref9179" refString="WATERHOUSE, G. R. 1848. A natural history of the Mammalia. Vol. 2, Rodentia. Hippolyte Bailliere, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1848">Waterhouse (1848)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
described
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01D8494E35BC8F9DD" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01D8494E35BC8F9DD" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla brevicaudata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4CFFF01E1794C35A5EF9DD" box="[314,366,1515,1538]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, but according to
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01D0694C359FCF9DD" author="OSGOOD, W. H." box="[555,716,1515,1538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref8059" refString="OSGOOD, W. H. 1943. The mammals of Chile. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoology Series 30: 1 - 268." type="book chapter" year="1943">Osgood (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, it was based on the same specimens as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01EE3972359D4F9FD" authority="Lichtenstein" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[462,740,1547,1570]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Eriomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01EE397235967F9FD" box="[462,599,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">E. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Lichtenstein
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, evidently a renaming to avoid tautonomy. The northern chinchilla has received several names:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01E9C97635A21F95D" authority="d'Orbigny and Geoffroy, 1830" authorityName="D'Orbigny and I. Geoffroy St. Hilaire" authorityYear="1830" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Callomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01E9C9763595BF9BD" box="[433,619,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Callomys aureus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
d’Orbigny and Geoffroy, 1830
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01E0F974359A7F95D" authority="Trouessart, 1898" authorityName="Trouessart" authorityYear="1898" box="[290,663,1643,1666]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01E0F97435AEBF95D" box="[290,475,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla major</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01ECE974359A7F95D" author="TROUESSART, E. - L." box="[483,663,1643,1666]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refId="ref8762" refString="TROUESSART, E. - L. 1898. Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilium. Fasciculus III. Rodentia II (Myomorpha, Histricomorpha, Lagomorpha). R. Friedlander & Sohn, Berolini, Germany." type="book" year="1898">Trouessart, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01D8597435A52F97D" authority="Brass, 1911" authorityName="Brass" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01D8597435BE2F97D" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla boliviana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01FF297A35A52F97D" author="BRASS, E." box="[223,354,1675,1698]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refId="ref6349" refString="BRASS, E. 1911. Aus dem Reiche der Pelze, 2 vols. Neue Pelzwaren- Zeitung, Berlin, Germany." type="book" year="1911">Brass, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01E5B97A35820F97D" authority="Dennler, 1939" authorityName="Dennler" authorityYear="1939" box="[374,784,1675,1698]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01E5B97A35957F97D" box="[374,615,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla intermedia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01D5E97A35820F97D" author="DENNLER, G." box="[627,784,1675,1698]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="95 - 98" refId="ref6886" refString="DENNLER, G. 1939. Las Chinchillas. Animales Peliferos 2: 95 - 98." type="journal article" year="1939">Dennler, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01F4097835ADEF91D" authority="Allen" authorityName="Allen" box="[109,494,1707,1730]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lanigera" subSpecies="boliviana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01F4097835A9AF91D" box="[109,426,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla lanigera boliviana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Allen
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; 1942 and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01D4C97835A93F93D" authority="Allen, 1942" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1942" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="lanigera" subSpecies="brevicaudata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01D4C97835A11F93D" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla lanigera brevicaudata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01E0B97E35A93F93D" author="ALLEN, G. M." box="[294,419,1739,1762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="389 - 396" refId="ref6121" refString="ALLEN, G. M. 1942. Extinct and vanishing mammals of the Western Hemisphere. American Communication and International Wild Life Protection, Special Publication 11: 389 - 396." type="journal article" year="1942">Allen, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01E9C97E35828F93D" authority="chinchilla Prell, 1934 b" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1934" box="[433,792,1739,1762]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01E9C97E359A1F93D" box="[433,657,1739,1762]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01DBB97E35828F93D" author="PRELL, H." box="[662,792,1739,1762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="207 - 209" refId="ref8167" refString="PRELL, H. 1934 b. Uber Mus laniger Molina. Zoologische Garten, Leipzig 7: 207 - 209." type="journal article" year="1934">Prell, 1934b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01FB097C35938F8DD" authority="Prell, 1934 b" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1934" box="[157,520,1771,1794]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01FB097C35A4BF8DD" box="[157,379,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla boliviana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01EA997C35938F8DD" author="PRELL, H." box="[388,520,1771,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="207 - 209" refId="ref8167" refString="PRELL, H. 1934 b. Uber Mus laniger Molina. Zoologische Garten, Leipzig 7: 207 - 209." type="journal article" year="1934">Prell, 1934b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01D3497C359AFF8DD" box="[537,671,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01D3497C359B9F8DD" box="[537,649,1771,1794]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chinchilla</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
c
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01D8397C35A38F8FD" authority="Osgood, 1941" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01D8397C35828F8DD" box="[686,792,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01F4096235A38F8FD" author="OSGOOD, W. H." box="[109,264,1803,1826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="407 - 411" refId="ref8035" refString="OSGOOD, W. H. 1941. The technical name of the chinchilla. Journal of Mammalogy 22: 407 - 411." type="journal article" year="1941">Osgood, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01E6B96235A4DF8FD" box="[326,381,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C. c.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01EA4962359A4F8FD" authority="Osgood, 1943" authorityName="Osgood" authorityYear="1943" box="[393,660,1803,1826]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boliviana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01EA496235ADEF8FD" box="[393,494,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">boliviana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01ED7962359A4F8FD" author="OSGOOD, W. H." box="[506,660,1803,1826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref8059" refString="OSGOOD, W. H. 1943. The mammals of Chile. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoology Series 30: 1 - 268." type="book chapter" year="1943">Osgood, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01D8596235901F89D" authority="brevicaudata Cabrera, 1961" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1961" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="brevicaudata" subSpecies="brevicaudata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01D8596235ABDF89D" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla brevicaudata brevicaudata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01EBA96035901F89D" author="CABRERA, A." box="[407,561,1835,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="309 - 732" refId="ref6406" refString="CABRERA, A. 1961. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. II. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Ciencias Zoologicas 4: 309 - 732." type="journal article" year="1961">Cabrera, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01D4696035A46F8BD" authority="Cabrera, 1961" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1961" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="brevicaudata" subSpecies="boliviana">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01D4696035BE2F8BD" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C. brevicaudata boliviana</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01FF196635A46F8BD" author="CABRERA, A." box="[220,374,1867,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="309 - 732" refId="ref6406" refString="CABRERA, A. 1961. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. II. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Ciencias Zoologicas 4: 309 - 732." type="journal article" year="1961">Cabrera, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
but these authors did not designate a
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="450E8809BA4CFFF01F4096435BABF85D" box="[109,155,1899,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
specimen.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01E2296435A97F85D" author="CABRERA, A." box="[271,423,1899,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="195 - 202" refId="ref6372" refString="CABRERA, A. 1960. Acerca de las chinchillas. Actas y trabajos del Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoologia, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina 4: 195 - 202." type="journal article" year="1960">Cabrera (1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01E9996435AD9F85D" author="CABRERA, A." box="[436,489,1899,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="309 - 732" refId="ref6406" refString="CABRERA, A. 1961. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. II. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Ciencias Zoologicas 4: 309 - 732." type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01ED0964359BCF85D" author="IPINZA" box="[509,652,1899,1922]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="6 - 9" refId="ref7293" refString="IPINZA J. 1969. A list of the native and introduced rodents in Chile. Noticiario Mensual del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile 16: 6 - 9." type="journal article" year="1969">Ipinza (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, Tamayo and Frassinetti (1980),
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01E1E96A35AF8F87D" author="WOODS, C." box="[307,456,1931,1954]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refId="ref9208" refString="WOODS, C. 1993. Suborder Hystricognathi. Pp. 771 - 806 in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). 2 nd ed. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C." type="book" year="1993">Woods (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, Redford and Eisenberg (1992), and
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01C5A91E35F57FF3D" author="SPOTORNO, A. E. & P. VALLADARES & R. E. PALMA & C. ZULETA" box="[887,1127,203,226]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="384 - 388" refId="ref8508" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., P. VALLADARES, J. C. MARiN, R. E. PALMA, AND C. ZULETA. 2004 a. Molecular divergence and phylogenetic relationships among chinchillids (Rodentia, Chinchillidae). Journal of Mammalogy 85: 384 - 388." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
|||
|
|
Spotorno et al. (2004
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01B7191E35F57FF3D" author="SPOTORNO, A. E. & C. A. ZULETA & P. VALLADARES & A. L. DEANE & J. E. JIMeNEZ" box="[1116,1127,203,226]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref8561" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., C. A. ZULETA, P. VALLADARES, A. L. DEANE, AND J. E. JIMeNEZ. 2004 b. Chinchilla laniger. Mammalian Species 758: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2004">a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, 2004b) recognized
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01A6591E35F24FEDD" authority="Waterhouse (1848)" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01A6591E35EC4FF3D" box="[1352,1524,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C. brevicaudata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01C6591C35F24FEDD" author="WATERHOUSE, G. R." box="[840,1044,235,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refId="ref9179" refString="WATERHOUSE, G. R. 1848. A natural history of the Mammalia. Vol. 2, Rodentia. Hippolyte Bailliere, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1848">Waterhouse (1848)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01B6691C35E32FEDD" author="ANDERSON, S." box="[1099,1282,235,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 652" refId="ref6154" refString="ANDERSON, S. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia, taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 231: 1 - 652." type="journal article" year="1997">Anderson (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01A1B91C35EC3FEDD" author="VALLADARES, P." box="[1334,1523,235,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="96 - 98" refId="ref8801" refString="VALLADARES, P. 2002. Divergencia molecular de las especies silvestres y cepas domesticadas del genero Chinchilla (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) basada en el gen para citocromo b. Mastozoologia Neotropical 9: 96 - 98." type="journal article" year="2002">Valladares (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
recognized
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01CE790235E73FEFD" authority="(Lichtenstein, 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[970,1347,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01CE790235F69FEFD" box="[970,1113,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01B4390235E0AFEFD" author="LICHTENSTEIN, M. H. C." box="[1134,1338,267,290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="2" refId="ref7594" refString="LICHTENSTEIN, M. H. C. 1830. Eriomys chinchilla Licht. ie Chinchilla- Wollmaus. In Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter Saugethiere in Abbildungen und Bescreibungen von funf und sechzig Arten auf funfzig colorirten Steindrucktaffeln nach den originalen des Zoologischen Museums der Universitat zu Berlin. Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Heft 5, plate 28, plus 2 unnumbered pages of text. Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, Germany." type="book chapter" year="1830">Lichtenstein, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
for the
|
|||
|
|
<quote id="E84AC1B9BA4CFFF01A84902358BFFE9D" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">“shorttailed”</quote>
|
|||
|
|
chinchilla species.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01B4390035E42FE9D" author="SPOTORNO, A. E. & P. VALLADARES & R. E. PALMA & C. ZULETA" box="[1134,1394,299,322]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="384 - 388" refId="ref8508" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., P. VALLADARES, J. C. MARiN, R. E. PALMA, AND C. ZULETA. 2004 a. Molecular divergence and phylogenetic relationships among chinchillids (Rodentia, Chinchillidae). Journal of Mammalogy 85: 384 - 388." type="journal article" year="2004">Spotorno et al. (2004a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
recognized 2 species based on molecular divergence in cytochrome-
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01A8690635E88FEBD" box="[1451,1464,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">b</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
gene sequences.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01CEE90435F70FE5D" author="TATE, G. H. H." box="[963,1088,363,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="295 - 447" refId="ref8679" refString="TATE, G. H. H. 1935. The taxonomy of the genera of Neotropical hystricoid rodents. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 68: 295 - 447." type="journal article" year="1935">Tate (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
recognized
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01BEA90435E07FE5D" box="[1223,1335,363,386]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01BEA90435E07FE5D" box="[1223,1335,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as the genus and the species
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01CEE90A35F44FE7D" authority="Molina" authorityName="Molina" box="[963,1140,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01CEE90A35F2DFE7D" box="[963,1053,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Molina
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but he was not sure about the taxonomic position of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01B2690835FA4FE1D" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1035,1172,427,450]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01B2690835FA4FE1D" box="[1035,1172,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01BE590835E42FE1D" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1848" box="[1224,1394,427,450]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01BE590835E42FE1D" box="[1224,1394,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C. brevicaudata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4CFFF01C5E90E35EB3FB1D" blockId="1.[838,1525,203,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01C5E90E35F70FE3D" author="WATERHOUSE, G. R." box="[883,1088,459,482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refId="ref9179" refString="WATERHOUSE, G. R. 1848. A natural history of the Mammalia. Vol. 2, Rodentia. Hippolyte Bailliere, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1848">Waterhouse (1848)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
described
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01B9090E35E59FE3D" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1848" box="[1213,1385,459,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevicaudata">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01B9090E35E59FE3D" box="[1213,1385,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C. brevicaudata</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
based on
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="8CB3FD22BA4CFFF01AC890E35885FDDD" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
identified as
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01B1390C35FF1FDDD" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1086,1217,491,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01B1390C35FF1FDDD" box="[1086,1217,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">E. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, 1 at the Berlin Museum (not seen by him) and 2 at the Leyden Museum, which he measured himself (C. Smeenk, in litt.). Both specimens were collected or obtained by D’Orbigny and Prévost and described as a new species by Waterhouse. D’Orbigny collected specimens in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4CFFF01A8B93435EC3FD5D" box="[1446,1523,619,642]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
between
|
|||
|
|
<date id="EE0B106BBA4CFFF01C8A93A35F3FFD7D" box="[935,1039,651,674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" value="1830-07">July 1830</date>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<date id="EE0B106BBA4CFFF01B6993A35F81FD7D" box="[1092,1201,651,674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" value="1833-06">June 1833</date>
|
|||
|
|
and stayed in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4CFFF01A6093A35EA6FD7D" box="[1357,1430,651,674]" country="Bolivia" name="La Paz" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">La Paz</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
from
|
|||
|
|
<date id="EE0B106BBA4CFFF01AF593A35F04FD1D" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" value="1833-04-19" valueMax="1833-06-27" valueMin="1833-04-19">19 April to 27 June 1833</date>
|
|||
|
|
, during which he arranged and packed his collections amassed during his various expeditions in the country.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4CFFF01C5E93C3588EFCDD" box="[883,958,747,770]" country="Bolivia" name="La Paz" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">La Paz</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
may have been only the place where the specimens were acquired or shipped rather than the exact collecting locality. Specimens obtained by Prévost from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4CFFF01BFB92035E3FFC9D" box="[1238,1295,811,834]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
are not further documented; the Leiden Museum received some mammals from him in 1835 and 1839. According to C. Smeenk (in litt.), both specimens were determined as
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="450E8809BA4CFFF01B3892A35F40FC7D" box="[1045,1136,907,930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
(National Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden [RMNH.MAM.] 39393 and [RMNH.MAM.] 39394). On other hand, the specimen reviewed by Lichtenstein is deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institut for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4CFFF01A8195235EC0FBFD" box="[1452,1520,1035,1058]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Berlin</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4CFFF01C659503589AFB9D" box="[840,938,1067,1090]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, with number BZN1878; the label states
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01A4595035EDCFB9D" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1384,1516,1067,1090]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01A4595035EDCFB9D" box="[1384,1516,1067,1090]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">E. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, collected by Salmin in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4CFFF01B6995635F47FBBD" box="[1092,1143,1099,1122]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. Finally, the specimen reviewed by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01C65954358D9FB5D" author="BENNETT, E. T." box="[840,1001,1131,1154]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref6213" refString="BENNETT, E. T. 1829. The chinchilla. Gardens and Menagerie of the Zoological Society of London 1: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1829">Bennett (1829)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
is deposited in the collection of the Department of Zoology (Mammal section) of the Natural History Museum of London (code GMCM 54a1—
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01BAA95835E44FB1D" author="VALLADARES, P. & A. SPOTORNO & C. ZULETA" box="[1159,1396,1195,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="135 - 143" refId="ref8991" refString="VALLADARES, P., A. SPOTORNO, AND C. ZULETA. 2014 b. Natural history of the Chinchilla genus (Bennett 1829). Considerations of their ecology, taxonomy and conservation status. Gayana 72: 135 - 143." type="journal article" year="2014">Valladares et al. 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4CFFF01C5E95E35EFFF9FD" blockId="1.[838,1525,203,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
In the absence of consensus on the priority of the species name, the matter was referred to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN-case 3278), appealing to Article 23 of the International Comission
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01B92940358BEFABD" author="INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refId="ref7244" refString="INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE. 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, United Kingdom. http: // www. iczn. org / iczn / index. jsp. Accessed 7 June 2018." type="url" year="1999">on Zoological Nomenclature (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
to establish the Law of Priority over the most commonly used name. This request was answered on
|
|||
|
|
<date id="EE0B106BBA4CFFF01BD294435E8EFA5D" box="[1279,1470,1387,1410]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" value="2003-09-01">1 September 2003</date>
|
|||
|
|
, stating that the specific epithet
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01B5994A35FEBFA7D" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[1140,1243,1419,1442]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01B5994A35FEBFA7D" box="[1140,1243,1419,1442]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is the oldest available for the species and is therefore valid (Valladares and Spotorno 2003). It was also suggested to determine a
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="450E8809BA4CFFF01BF494E35E1CFA3D" box="[1241,1324,1483,1506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
for the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01AA894E35EC3FA3D" box="[1413,1523,1483,1506]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01AA894E35EC3FA3D" box="[1413,1523,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
genus (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01CBB94C35F14F9DD" author="BENNETT, E. T." box="[918,1060,1515,1538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref6213" refString="BENNETT, E. T. 1829. The chinchilla. Gardens and Menagerie of the Zoological Society of London 1: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1829">Bennett 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01B4994C35E6FF9DD" authority="(Molina 1782)" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1124,1375,1515,1538]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01B4994C35F8CF9DD" box="[1124,1212,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01BE094C35E66F9DD" author="MOLINA, G. I." box="[1229,1366,1515,1538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refId="ref7775" refString="MOLINA, G. I. 1782. Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chili. Stamperia di S. Tommaso dAquino, Bologna, Italy." type="book" year="1782">Molina 1782</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01A9094C35F66F9FD" authority="(Lichtenstein 1830)" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01A9094C358B3F9FD" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01CBF97235F7DF9FD" author="LICHTENSTEIN, M. H. C." box="[914,1101,1547,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="2" refId="ref7594" refString="LICHTENSTEIN, M. H. C. 1830. Eriomys chinchilla Licht. ie Chinchilla- Wollmaus. In Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter Saugethiere in Abbildungen und Bescreibungen von funf und sechzig Arten auf funfzig colorirten Steindrucktaffeln nach den originalen des Zoologischen Museums der Universitat zu Berlin. Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Heft 5, plate 28, plus 2 unnumbered pages of text. Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, Germany." type="book chapter" year="1830">Lichtenstein 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
to contribute to taxonomic stability.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSection id="F33A2F40BA4CFFF31B61974E59CCFEBD" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="multiple">
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D2AF6520BA4CFFF31B61974E59CCFEBD" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4CFFF01B61974E5FDFF95F" blockId="1.[1100,1263,1638,1664]" box="[1100,1263,1638,1664]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="C14281C7BA4CFFF01B61974E5FDFF95F" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1100,1263,1638,1664]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" reason="6">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01B61974E5FDFF95F" bold="true" box="[1100,1263,1638,1664]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4CFFF31C5E978259CCFEBD" blockId="1.[838,1523,1706,1953]" lastBlockId="2.[109,792,203,354]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01C5E97825F68F91E" authority="chinchilla" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[883,1112,1706,1729]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01C5E97825F68F91E" box="[883,1112,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
can be distinguished from the longtailed chinchilla
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01CDA97E25F5FF93E" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1015,1135,1738,1761]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01CDA97E25F5FF93E" box="[1015,1135,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C. lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by larger size (head and body length>
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4CFFF01C7197C25885F8DE" box="[860,949,1770,1793]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="320.0">320 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, shorter ears <
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4CFFF01B7897C25F91F8DE" box="[1109,1185,1770,1793]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, and tail <
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4CFFF01A3E97C25E5FF8DE" box="[1299,1391,1770,1793]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
). It is distinguished by number of caudal vertebrae,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4CFFF01BD696225E03F8FE" box="[1275,1331,1802,1825]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01A1696225EF6F8FE" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1339,1478,1802,1825]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01A1696225EF6F8FE" box="[1339,1478,1802,1825]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4CFFF01C649602584EF89E" box="[841,894,1834,1857]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" unit="in" value="23.0">23 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01CAD96025F91F89E" authority="(Cabrera 1960)" baseAuthorityName="Cabrera" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[896,1185,1834,1857]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01CAD960258C7F89E" box="[896,1015,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C. lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4CFFF01B2A96025FA5F89E" author="CABRERA, A." box="[1031,1173,1834,1857]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" pagination="195 - 202" refId="ref6372" refString="CABRERA, A. 1960. Acerca de las chinchillas. Actas y trabajos del Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoologia, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina 4: 195 - 202." type="journal article" year="1960">Cabrera 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. The lengths of the humerus and radius (
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4CFFF01CBB966258CBF8BE" box="[918,1019,1866,1889]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.04" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="30.4">30.4 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
) are the same in both bones in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01A6796625EF3F8BE" baseAuthorityName="Cabrera" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[1354,1475,1866,1889]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01A6796625EF3F8BE" box="[1354,1475,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C. lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but are 35.5 and 39.0 mm, respectively, in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01BC996425E5EF85E" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1252,1390,1898,1921]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01BC996425E5EF85E" box="[1252,1390,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
; ulna length is
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4CFFF01C4C96A2588FF87E" box="[865,959,1930,1953]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.06" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="40.6">40.6 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01CCF96A25F6CF87E" baseAuthorityName="Cabrera" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[994,1116,1930,1953]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01CCF96A258C4F87E" box="[994,1012,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01B2F96A25F6CF87E" box="[1026,1116,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4CFFF01BBB96A25E32F87E" box="[1174,1282,1930,1953]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.875" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="48.75">48.75 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4CFFF01A0896A25E9FF87E" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1317,1455,1930,1953]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4CFFF01A0896A25E9FF87E" box="[1317,1455,1930,1953]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Tibia length is almost double (1.92×) that of the radius in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31DB491E35822FF3D" baseAuthorityName="Cabrera" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[665,786,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31DB491E35822FF3D" box="[665,786,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">C. lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but only 1.75× in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31E1C91C35958FEDD" authority="(Cabrera 1960)" baseAuthorityName="Cabrera" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[305,616,235,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31E1C91C35A8CFEDD" box="[305,444,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31EE691C3596CFEDD" author="CABRERA, A." box="[459,604,235,258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="195 - 202" refId="ref6372" refString="CABRERA, A. 1960. Acerca de las chinchillas. Actas y trabajos del Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoologia, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina 4: 195 - 202." type="journal article" year="1960">Cabrera 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31D5991C35830FEDD" baseAuthorityName="Cabrera" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[628,768,235,258]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31D5991C35830FEDD" box="[628,768,235,258]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is distinguishable from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31E7A90235AE8FEFD" box="[343,472,267,290]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lagostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31E7A90235AE8FEFD" box="[343,472,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Lagostomus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31D3F90235948FEFD" box="[530,632,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Lagidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31D3F90235948FEFD" box="[530,632,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Lagidium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by its smaller size, head and body length
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4FFFF31EA490035924FE9D" box="[393,532,299,322]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.275" metricValueMax="7.25" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="627.5" valueMax="725.0" valueMin="530.0">530–725 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31D1E90035BD7FEBD" authority="(Jackson et al. 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Jackson" baseAuthorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lagostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31D1E90035984FE9D" box="[563,692,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Lagostomus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31DE990035BEDFEBD" author="JACKSON, J. E. & L. C. BRANCH & D. VILLAREAL" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref7369" refString="JACKSON, J. E., L. C. BRANCH, AND D. VILLAREAL. 1996. Lagostomus maximus. Mammalian Species 543: 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1996">Jackson et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4FFFF31E0C90635AAAFEBD" box="[289,410,331,354]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09855" metricValueMax="1.2827" metricValueMin="0.9144" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="432.5" valueMax="505.0" valueMin="360.0">360–505 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31E8D906359C7FEBD" authority="(Ledesma et al. 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Ledesma" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[416,759,331,354]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Lagidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31E8D90635936FEBD" box="[416,518,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Lagidium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31D38906359DCFEBD" author="LEDESMA, K. & F. WERNER & A. SPOTORNO & L. ALBUJA" box="[533,748,331,354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="41 - 57" refId="ref7550" refString="LEDESMA, K., F. WERNER, A. SPOTORNO, AND L. ALBUJA. 2009. A new species of mountain viscacha (Chinchillidae: Lagidium, Meyen) from Ecuadorean Andes. Zootaxa 21126: 41 - 57." type="journal article" year="2009">Ledesma et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</subSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSection id="F33A2F40BA4FFFF31E3C90B5583AFA87" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="multiple">
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D2AF6520BA4FFFF31E3C90B5583AFA87" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4FFFF31E3C90B55945FE68" blockId="2.[273,629,413,439]" box="[273,629,413,439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="C14281C7BA4FFFF31E3C90B55945FE68" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[273,629,413,439]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" reason="6">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31E3C90B55945FE68" bold="true" box="[273,629,413,439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">GENERAL CHARACTERS</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4FFFF31FB590C959D1FC87" blockId="2.[107,794,481,1368]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31FB590C95A4DFE27" authority="chinchilla" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[152,381,481,504]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31FB590C95A4DFE27" box="[152,381,481,504]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="028E2A2EBA4FFFF31EBD90C95AE1FE27" box="[400,465,481,504]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="0.[839,874,1780,1801]" captionTargetBox="[844,1516,1319,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-463@0.[844,1516,1319,1767]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="Fig. 1.—Adult wild Chinchilla chinchilla from Nevado Tres Cruces National Reserve, Atacama region, Chile. Photograph, used with per-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573507/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) is among the smallest chinchillid rodents (means in mm;
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31EEA93295AE4FDC7" box="[455,468,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 6; specimens from Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” [specimens MACN-Ma13037, 16267, 16268, 20430–20432, most from Abra Pampa,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31FD293495A0AFDA7" box="[255,314,609,632]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4FFFF31E6993495A86FDA7" box="[324,438,609,632]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
]): head and body length, 243.36; length of tail, 73.73; length of hind foot, 127.27. Condylobasal length is
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4FFFF31FF793895A7BFD67" box="[218,331,673,696]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.086" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="60.86">60.86 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, greatest width of skull across the zygomatic arches is
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4FFFF31E3993E95AB4FD07" box="[276,388,705,728]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.538" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="35.38">35.38 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, interorbital width is
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4FFFF31D4793E959E9FD07" box="[618,729,705,728]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.244" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="12.44">12.44 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, mastoid width is
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4FFFF31FD393C95A40FD27" box="[254,368,737,760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3549999999999995" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="33.55">33.55 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, and length of upper molar toothrow is
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4FFFF31F4292295BD3FCC7" box="[111,227,769,792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.378" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="13.78">13.78 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. Specimens from Abaroa,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31D3E92295824FCC7" box="[531,788,769,792]" country="Chile" name="Antofagasta" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Region de Antofagasta</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4FFFF31F4092095B97FCE7" box="[109,167,801,824]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31F9B92095BF3FCE7" box="[182,195,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 2): length of ear,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4FFFF31EBB92095934FCE7" box="[406,516,801,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.127" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="31.27">31.27 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, weighing
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4FFFF31D55920959DCFCE7" box="[632,748,801,824]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="g" value="675.0" valueMax="850.0" valueMin="500.0">500–850 g</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
; the female is the larger sex and males rarely weigh over
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4FFFF31DB3926959EDFC87" box="[670,733,833,856]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="g" value="600.0">600 g</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4FFFF31FB5924959C3FBC7" blockId="2.[107,794,481,1368]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
The silky pelage of long soft hairs that are up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4FFFF31D5992495989FCA7" box="[628,697,865,888]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="35.0">35mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
in length is extremely dense (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31E1592A95A94FC47" author="GRAU, J." box="[312,420,897,920]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refId="ref7157" refString="GRAU, J. 1986. La chinchilla, su crianza en todos los climas. Tercera edicion. Editorial El Ateneo, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1986">Grau 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31E9D92A9591AFC47" author="ALBERT, F." box="[432,554,897,920]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="915 - 934" refId="ref6078" refString="ALBERT, F. 1900. La chinchilla. Anales de la Universidad de Chile 107: 915 - 934." type="journal article" year="1900">Albert 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and considered one of the most valuable furs in the world (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31ED9928959B4FC67" author="JIMeNEZ, J. E." box="[500,644,929,952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref7400" refString="JIMeNEZ, J. E. 1996. The extirpation and current status of wild chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera and C. brevicaudata). Biological Conservation 77: 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1996">Jiménez 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The general coloration of the dorsum is bluish, pearl, or brownish gray, and each hair usually has a black tip. The venter is a clear, yellowish white. The furry tail is covered with coarse hairs on the dorsal surface.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4FFFF31FB59509583AFA87" blockId="2.[107,794,481,1368]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
The head is broad, with vestigial cheek pouches, and the pinnae, rounded with a covering of tiny hairs (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31D0A956959EBFB87" author="WATERHOUSE, G. R." box="[551,731,1089,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refId="ref9179" refString="WATERHOUSE, G. R. 1848. A natural history of the Mammalia. Vol. 2, Rodentia. Hippolyte Bailliere, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1848">Waterhouse 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The skull (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="028E2A2EBA4FFFF31F9D95495BDEFBA7" box="[176,238,1121,1144]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[840,875,1214,1235]" captionTargetBox="[893,1469,200,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-752@2.[893,1469,200,1201]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of an adult female Chinchilla chinchilla (LCM [Laboratorio de Citogenética de Mamíferos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile] 1898) from El Laco, 56 km southeast Socaire, II Región de Antofagasta, Chile. Occipitonasal length is 58.2 mm. Photograph by A. Spotorno O." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573509/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) has greatly expanded auditory bullae. Means (mm) of
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="8CB3FD22BA4FFFF31FA195A95A3EFB47" box="[140,270,1153,1176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
from Laboratorio de Citogenética de Mamiferos, specimens 2360 and 2338 (Abaroa,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31ECC958959FEFB67" box="[481,718,1185,1208]" country="Chile" name="Antofagasta" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Region de Antofagasta</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4FFFF31DF595895822FB67" box="[728,786,1185,1208]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
) and specimens 1898 and 1862 (
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31EE195E959F6FB07" box="[460,710,1217,1240]" country="Chile" name="Antofagasta" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Region de Antofagasta</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4FFFF31DFB95E95820FB07" box="[726,784,1217,1240]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
) were: bullar width, 13.18; bullar height, 24.5; greatest width of skull across the parietals including the external bullae, 31.9. The forefoot is short, with 5 digits and stiff bristles surrounding weak claws and each hind foot has 1 rudimentary and 3 normal digits.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</subSection>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="CECA6623BA4FFFF31C6595965F5DFAB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573509" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573509/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" startId="2.[840,875,1214,1235]" targetBox="[893,1469,200,1201]" targetPageId="2">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4FFFF31C6595965F5DFAB9" blockId="2.[840,1525,1214,1382]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31C65959658B8FB0C" bold="true" box="[840,904,1214,1235]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of an adult female
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31B4995F45E00FB2E" authority="chinchilla" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1124,1328,1244,1265]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31B4995F45E00FB2E" box="[1124,1328,1244,1265]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(LCM [Laboratorio de Citogenética de Mamíferos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile] 1898) from El Laco, 56 km southeast Socaire, II Región de Antofagasta, Chile. Occipitonasal length is 58.2 mm. Photograph by A. Spotorno O.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<subSection id="F33A2F40BA4FFFF31E7B94BA5F02F874" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="multiple">
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D2AF6520BA4FFFF31E7B94BA5F02F874" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4FFFF31E7B94BA591EFA73" blockId="2.[342,558,1426,1452]" box="[342,558,1426,1452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="C14281C7BA4FFFF31E7B94BA591EFA73" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[342,558,1426,1452]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" reason="6">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31E7B94BA591EFA73" bold="true" box="[342,558,1426,1452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4FFFF31FB594FE5EDDF9D4" blockId="2.[108,794,1494,1965]" lastBlockId="2.[840,1523,1428,1963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
The former distribution of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31E9594FE59AAFA32" authority="chinchilla" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[440,666,1494,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31E9594FE59AAFA32" box="[440,666,1494,1517]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was indeed extensive, including the highlands of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4FFFF31D3494DE5965F9D2" box="[537,597,1526,1549]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4FFFF31D4994DE59E1F9D2" box="[612,721,1526,1549]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4FFFF31DCC94DE5825F9D2" box="[737,789,1526,1549]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4FFFF31FB2973E5BDDF9F2" box="[159,237,1558,1581]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(Chacón 1892;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31E88973E5900F9F2" author="AUTRAN, M." box="[421,560,1558,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="121 - 136" refId="ref6182" refString="AUTRAN, M. 1906. Contribucion al estudio de la chinchilla Eriomys laniger. Boletin del Ministerio de Agricultura 4: 121 - 136. Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="journal article" year="1906">Autran 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31D6E973E59F1F9F2" author="WALLE, P." box="[579,705,1558,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refId="ref9141" refString="WALLE, P. 1914. Bolivia, its people and its resources, its railways, mines, and rubber-forest. Translated by B. MIALL. T. Fisher Unwin, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1914">Walle 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; House 1953;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31F9E971E5A15F992" author="GRAU, J." box="[179,293,1590,1613]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refId="ref7157" refString="GRAU, J. 1986. La chinchilla, su crianza en todos los climas. Tercera edicion. Editorial El Ateneo, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1986">Grau 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31E1B971E5AFBF992" author="JIMeNEZ, J. E." box="[310,459,1590,1613]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref7400" refString="JIMeNEZ, J. E. 1996. The extirpation and current status of wild chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera and C. brevicaudata). Biological Conservation 77: 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1996">Jiménez 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31EF7971E594FF992" author="ANDERSON, S." box="[474,639,1590,1613]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 652" refId="ref6154" refString="ANDERSON, S. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia, taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 231: 1 - 652." type="journal article" year="1997">Anderson 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31DA2971E5820F992" author="PARERA, A." box="[655,784,1590,1613]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refId="ref8116" refString="PARERA, A. 2002. Los mamiferos de la Argentina y la region austral de Sudamerica. Editorial El Ateneo, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="2002">Parera 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; Woods and Kilpatrick 2005). But today it is extant only in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4FFFF31DF5977E5824F9B2" box="[728,788,1622,1645]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, specifically near the towns of El Laco (
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA4FFFF31D32975E5946F952" box="[543,630,1652,1677]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="-23.733334">
|
|||
|
|
23°44
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31D4C975C5958F952" box="[609,616,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">′</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
S
|
|||
|
|
</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA4FFFF31D82975E5821F952" box="[687,785,1652,1677]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="-67.46667">
|
|||
|
|
67°28
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31DC2975C59C6F952" box="[751,758,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">′</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
W
|
|||
|
|
</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
) and Morro Negro (
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA4FFFF31E6897BE5AACF972" box="[325,412,1684,1709]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="-25.0">
|
|||
|
|
25°00
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31EAB97BC5ABDF972" box="[390,397,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">′</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
S
|
|||
|
|
</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA4FFFF31EF797BE590EF972" box="[474,574,1684,1709]" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="-68.75">
|
|||
|
|
68°45
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31D3797BC5911F972" box="[538,545,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">′</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
W
|
|||
|
|
</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
); both are near the Llullaillaco volcano, in the
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31EB4979E5957F912" box="[409,615,1718,1741]" country="Chile" name="Antofagasta" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Antofagasta region</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31D55979E5B92F932" author="SPOTORNO, A. E." pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="501 - 526" refId="ref8391" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., ET AL. 1998. Sistematica y adaptacion de mamiferos, aves e insectos fitofagos de la Region de Antofagasta, Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 71: 501 - 526." type="journal article" year="1998">Spotorno et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31F9F97FE5AAAF932" author="SPOTORNO, A. E. & C. A. ZULETA & P. VALLADARES & A. L. DEANE & J. E. JIMeNEZ" box="[178,410,1750,1773]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref8561" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., C. A. ZULETA, P. VALLADARES, A. L. DEANE, AND J. E. JIMeNEZ. 2004 b. Chinchilla laniger. Mammalian Species 758: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="2004">Spotorno et al. 2004b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31E8597FE5957F932" author="TIRADO, C. & URBINA, AND & M. A. CARRETERO" box="[424,615,1750,1773]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="8 - 12" refId="ref8713" refString="TIRADO, C., A. CORTeS, E. MIRANDA- URBINA, AND M. A. CARRETERO. 2012. Trophic preference in an assemblage of mammal herbivores from Andean Puna (Northern Chile). Journal of Arid Environment 79: 8 - 12." type="journal article" year="2012">Tirado et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and recently in the vicinity of Nevado Tres Cruces National Park (
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA4FFFF31DB097DE5828F8D2" box="[669,792,1780,1805]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-26.819723">
|
|||
|
|
26°49
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31DF097DC59D4F8D2" box="[733,740,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">′</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
11
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31DD297DC583AF8D2" box="[767,778,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">″</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
S
|
|||
|
|
</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
and 69°05
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31FF6963C5BD2F8F2" box="[219,226,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">′</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
67
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31FD1963C5A37F8F2" box="[252,263,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">″</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
W) in the
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31E5C963E592BF8F2" box="[369,539,1814,1837]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Atacama region</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31D07963E5820F8F2" author="VALLADARES, P." box="[554,784,1814,1837]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="173 - 178" refId="ref8896" refString="VALLADARES, P., ET AL. 2012. Nuevo registro de Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) para la Region de Atacama. Extension de su rango de distribucion y estado de conservacion. Mastozoologia Neotropical 19: 173 - 178." type="journal article" year="2012">Valladares et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="028E2A2EBA4FFFF31F40961E5B99F892" box="[109,169,1846,1869]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[109,144,1287,1308]" captionTargetBox="[165,737,202,1272]" captionTargetId="figure-725@3.[163,739,200,1274]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3.—Past distribution (gray area) of Chinchilla chinchilla according to Grau (1986) and current localities of wild populations according to different authors. 1—Delgado et al. 2018; 2—Rudolph 1955; 3—Spotorno et al. 1998; 4—Spotorno et al. 2004; 5—“Salares 7” from Salares Lithium Company; 6—“Salares Norte Mining” from Golds Fields Salares Norte Company; 7—Schlatter et al. 1987; 8 and 9—Valladares et al. 2012; and 10—Lagos et al. 2012. Open circles correspond to colonies not confirmed by us." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573511/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). In the past, wild populations of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31D24961E59A0F892" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[521,656,1846,1869]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31D24961E59A0F892" box="[521,656,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
were known from northern
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4FFFF31E28967E5A71F8B2" box="[261,321,1878,1901]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, for example, the highlands of Arica (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31DE3967E5B92F852" author="AUTRAN, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="121 - 136" refId="ref6182" refString="AUTRAN, M. 1906. Contribucion al estudio de la chinchilla Eriomys laniger. Boletin del Ministerio de Agricultura 4: 121 - 136. Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="journal article" year="1906">Autran 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), Mejillones (Phillipi 1860), Licancabur volcano (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31D91965E5B92F872" author="RUDOLPH, W." pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="151 - 171" refId="ref8267" refString="RUDOLPH, W. 1955. Licancabur: mountain of the Atacamenos. Geographical Review 45: 151 - 171." type="journal article" year="1955">Rudolph 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), and La Ola and Potrerillos (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31EC296BE59FAF872" author="SCHLATTER, R. & R. MURuA & J. OLTREMARI" box="[495,714,1942,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refId="ref8288" refString="SCHLATTER, R., R. MURuA, AND J. OLTREMARI. 1987. Diagnostico de la situacion actual de la fauna silvestre (aves y mamiferos) mas caracteristica que habita entre la II y VII Region administrativa de Chile. Corporacion Nacional Forestal (CONAF), DP / CHI / 83 / 017, Documento de trabajo Nº 1, 58 pp." type="book" year="1987">Schlatter et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31DCE96BE58BFFA74" author="GRAU, J." box="[739,911,1428,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refId="ref7157" refString="GRAU, J. 1986. La chinchilla, su crianza en todos los climas. Tercera edicion. Editorial El Ateneo, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1986">Grau (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
suggested that both
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31B5894BC5FD5FA74" box="[1141,1253,1428,1451]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31B5894BC5FD5FA74" box="[1141,1253,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
species may have coexisted in sympatry near Potrerillos (north of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31A18949C5ED7FA14" box="[1333,1511,1460,1483]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Atacama region</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
), which corresponds to the northern limit of the geographic distribution of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31CEA94DC5F70F9D4" baseAuthorityName="Cabrera" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[967,1088,1524,1547]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31CEA94DC5F70F9D4" box="[967,1088,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">C. lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and the southern limit for
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31A7194DC5EDDF9D4" box="[1372,1517,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31A7194DC5ED8F9D4" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1372,1512,1524,1547]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">C. chinchilla</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4FFFF31C5E973C5F02F874" blockId="2.[840,1523,1428,1963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
|||
|
|
In
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4FFFF31CB8973C5F32F9F4" box="[917,1026,1556,1579]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, historical populations of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4FFFF31A19973C5EF4F9F4" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1332,1476,1556,1579]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31A19973C5E76F9F4" box="[1332,1350,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4FFFF31A77973C5EF4F9F4" box="[1370,1476,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are known from near Antofalla,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31BAB971C5FC8F994" box="[1158,1272,1588,1611]" country="Argentina" name="Catamarca" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Catamarca</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31A26971C5EA5F994" author="AUTRAN, M." box="[1291,1429,1588,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="121 - 136" refId="ref6182" refString="AUTRAN, M. 1906. Contribucion al estudio de la chinchilla Eriomys laniger. Boletin del Ministerio de Agricultura 4: 121 - 136. Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="journal article" year="1906">Autran 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31A8A971C58F1F9B4" author="WALKER, R. S." pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="519 - 525" refId="ref9107" refString="WALKER, R. S., ET AL. 2007. Diets of three species of Andean carnivores in high-altitude deserts of Argentina. Journal of Mammalogy 88: 519 - 525." type="journal article" year="2007">Walker et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), in southwestern
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31BB8977C5FFFF9B4" box="[1173,1231,1620,1643]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(Olrog and Lucero 1981;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31C65975C58E0F954" author="AUTRAN, M." box="[840,976,1652,1675]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="121 - 136" refId="ref6182" refString="AUTRAN, M. 1906. Contribucion al estudio de la chinchilla Eriomys laniger. Boletin del Ministerio de Agricultura 4: 121 - 136. Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="journal article" year="1906">Autran 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
),
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31CC4975C5F2EF954" box="[1001,1054,1652,1675]" country="Argentina" name="Salta" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Salta</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31B1D975C5F87F954" author="AUTRAN, M." box="[1072,1207,1652,1675]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="121 - 136" refId="ref6182" refString="AUTRAN, M. 1906. Contribucion al estudio de la chinchilla Eriomys laniger. Boletin del Ministerio de Agricultura 4: 121 - 136. Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="journal article" year="1906">Autran 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31BE5975C5E4BF954" author="ORTIZ, P. E. & R. GONZaLEZ & J. P. JAYAT & U. F. PARDInAS & S. CIRIGNOLI & P. TETA" box="[1224,1403,1652,1675]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="591 - 598" refId="ref7978" refString="ORTIZ, P. E., R. GONZaLEZ, J. P. JAYAT, U. F. PARDInAS, S. CIRIGNOLI, AND P. TETA. 2010. Dieta del buho magallanico (Bubo magellanicus) en Los Andes del Noroeste Argentino. Ornitologia Neotropical 21: 591 - 598." type="journal article" year="2010">Ortiz et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), La Rioja (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31C7C97BC58E5F974" author="PARERA, A." box="[849,981,1684,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refId="ref8116" refString="PARERA, A. 2002. Los mamiferos de la Argentina y la region austral de Sudamerica. Editorial El Ateneo, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="2002">Parera 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), and North of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31BA097BC5FC1F974" box="[1165,1265,1684,1707]" country="Argentina" name="San Juan" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">San Juan</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31A2897BC5EF1F974" author="CAJAL, J. L. & A. A. RECA & J. C. PUJALTE" box="[1285,1473,1684,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refId="ref6441" refString="CAJAL, J. L., A. A. RECA, AND J. C. PUJALTE. 1981. La Reserva Provincial San Guillermo y sus asociaciones ambientales. SECYT, Ministerio de Cultura y Educacion, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1981">Cajal et al. 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). In
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA4FFFF31C65979C58A9F914" box="[840,921,1716,1739]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, its former distribution reached the districts of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31A8C979C5EDFF914" box="[1441,1519,1716,1739]" country="Bolivia" name="La Paz" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">La Paz</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31C6597FC58BAF934" box="[840,906,1748,1771]" country="Bolivia" name="Oruro" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Oruro</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31CE697FC5F3EF934" box="[971,1038,1748,1771]" country="Bolivia" name="Potosi" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Potosi</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31B0C97FC5FF8F934" author="ANDERSON, S." box="[1057,1224,1748,1771]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 652" refId="ref6154" refString="ANDERSON, S. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia, taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 231: 1 - 652." type="journal article" year="1997">Anderson 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), with the last wild specimens being captured by residents of Huachacalla, Sabaya, and Caranga (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31C9E963C5F0CF8F4" author="AUTRAN, M." box="[947,1084,1812,1835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="121 - 136" refId="ref6182" refString="AUTRAN, M. 1906. Contribucion al estudio de la chinchilla Eriomys laniger. Boletin del Ministerio de Agricultura 4: 121 - 136. Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="journal article" year="1906">Autran 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31B61963C5FF8F8F4" author="WALLE, P." box="[1100,1224,1812,1835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refId="ref9141" refString="WALLE, P. 1914. Bolivia, its people and its resources, its railways, mines, and rubber-forest. Translated by B. MIALL. T. Fisher Unwin, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1914">Walle 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and Lipez (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31A77963C5ED3F8F4" author="AUTRAN, M." box="[1370,1507,1812,1835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="121 - 136" refId="ref6182" refString="AUTRAN, M. 1906. Contribucion al estudio de la chinchilla Eriomys laniger. Boletin del Ministerio de Agricultura 4: 121 - 136. Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="journal article" year="1906">Autran 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). However, a small population was found recently within the National Reserve of Andean Fauna “Eduardo Avaroa,” in the Department of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA4FFFF31CC4965C5F1EF854" box="[1001,1070,1908,1931]" country="Bolivia" name="Potosi" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Potosí</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
, specifically in the Laguna Colorada basin (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4FFFF31C7C96BC5F11F874" author="DELGADO, E. & L. F. PACHECO & BRAVO, AND & O. ROCHA" box="[849,1057,1940,1963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="31 - 38" refId="ref6835" refString="DELGADO, E., L. F. PACHECO, J. SALAZAR- BRAVO, AND O. ROCHA. 2018. Chinchilla real (Chinchilla chinchilla) en Bolivia: comentarios sobre localidades reportadas y bases para su conservacion. Ecologia en Bolivia 53: 31 - 38." type="journal article" year="2018">Delgado et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</subSection>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="CECA6623BA4EFFF21F40942F5AC4FA35" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4573511" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4573511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4573511/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" startId="3.[109,144,1287,1308]" targetBox="[165,737,202,1272]" targetPageId="3">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4EFFF21F40942F5AC4FA35" blockId="3.[109,792,1287,1514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21F40942F5B9FFAC3" bold="true" box="[109,175,1287,1308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
—Past distribution (gray area) of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4EFFF21ED1942059F8FAC2" authority="chinchilla" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[508,712,1288,1309]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21ED1942059F8FAC2" box="[508,712,1288,1309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
according to
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4EFFF21F9D940D5A18FAE5" author="GRAU, J." box="[176,296,1317,1338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refId="ref7157" refString="GRAU, J. 1986. La chinchilla, su crianza en todos los climas. Tercera edicion. Editorial El Ateneo, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1986">Grau (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and current localities of wild populations according to different authors. 1—
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4EFFF21EA4946A5960FA88" author="DELGADO, E. & L. F. PACHECO & BRAVO, AND & O. ROCHA" box="[393,592,1346,1367]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" pagination="31 - 38" refId="ref6835" refString="DELGADO, E., L. F. PACHECO, J. SALAZAR- BRAVO, AND O. ROCHA. 2018. Chinchilla real (Chinchilla chinchilla) en Bolivia: comentarios sobre localidades reportadas y bases para su conservacion. Ecologia en Bolivia 53: 31 - 38." type="journal article" year="2018">Delgado et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; 2—
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4EFFF21DA8946A5821FA88" author="RUDOLPH, W." box="[645,785,1346,1367]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" pagination="151 - 171" refId="ref8267" refString="RUDOLPH, W. 1955. Licancabur: mountain of the Atacamenos. Geographical Review 45: 151 - 171." type="journal article" year="1955">Rudolph 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; 3—
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4EFFF21FBC94775A55FAAB" author="SPOTORNO, A. E." box="[145,357,1375,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" pagination="501 - 526" refId="ref8391" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., ET AL. 1998. Sistematica y adaptacion de mamiferos, aves e insectos fitofagos de la Region de Antofagasta, Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 71: 501 - 526." type="journal article" year="1998">Spotorno et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; 4—Spotorno et al. 2004; 5—“Salares 7” from Salares Lithium Company; 6—“Salares Norte Mining” from Golds Fields Salares Norte Company; 7—
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4EFFF21D2094B259E3FA70" author="SCHLATTER, R. & R. MURuA & J. OLTREMARI" box="[525,723,1434,1455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refId="ref8288" refString="SCHLATTER, R., R. MURuA, AND J. OLTREMARI. 1987. Diagnostico de la situacion actual de la fauna silvestre (aves y mamiferos) mas caracteristica que habita entre la II y VII Region administrativa de Chile. Corporacion Nacional Forestal (CONAF), DP / CHI / 83 / 017, Documento de trabajo Nº 1, 58 pp." type="book" year="1987">Schlatter et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; 8 and 9—
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4EFFF21FBC949F5A6FFA13" author="VALLADARES, P." box="[145,351,1463,1484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" pagination="173 - 178" refId="ref8896" refString="VALLADARES, P., ET AL. 2012. Nuevo registro de Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) para la Region de Atacama. Extension de su rango de distribucion y estado de conservacion. Mastozoologia Neotropical 19: 173 - 178." type="journal article" year="2012">Valladares et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; and 10—
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4EFFF21EE9949F5958FA13" author="LAGOS, N. & R. VILLALOBOS & A. I RIARTE" box="[452,616,1463,1484]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" pagination="191 - 196" refId="ref7492" refString="LAGOS, N., R. VILLALOBOS, AND A. I RIARTE. 2012. Nuevos registros de poblaciones de chinchilla de cola corta, Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) en la cordillera de la Region de Atacama. Boletin del Museo de Historia Natural (Chile) 61: 191 - 196." type="journal article" year="2012">Lagos et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. Open circles correspond to colonies not confirmed by us.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D2AF6520BA4EFFF51E0C97005AA0F987" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<subSection id="F33A2F40BA4EFFF51E0C9700591FFC9D" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="multiple">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4EFFF21E0C97005954F99D" blockId="3.[289,612,1576,1602]" box="[289,612,1576,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="C14281C7BA4EFFF21E0C97005954F99D" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[289,612,1576,1602]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" reason="6">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21E0C97005954F99D" bold="true" box="[289,612,1576,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">FORM AND FUNCTION</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4EFFF21FB5974458FEFE7D" blockId="3.[109,792,1644,1955]" lastBlockId="3.[839,1524,203,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
The relatively broad head of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4EFFF21EF1974459F0F95C" authority="chinchilla" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[476,704,1644,1667]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21EF1974459F0F95C" box="[476,704,1644,1667]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has the greatest width of skull across the zygomatic arches (means,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21F4097845B4AF91C" box="[109,122,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">n</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
= 4; head with skin include,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4EFFF21E9C97845911F91C" box="[433,545,1708,1731]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.657" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="36.57">36.57 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
; skull,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4EFFF21D40978459EDF91C" box="[621,733,1708,1731]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.424" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="34.24">34.24 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
). The mandible lacks a masseteric crest. The canal of the large lacrimals opens on the side of the rostrum. The short paraoccipital process is attached to the auditory bulla. As in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4EFFF21D4296245BADF89C" baseAuthorityName="Cabrera" baseAuthorityYear="1960" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21D4296245BADF89C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Chinchilla lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, each auditory bulla is extremely inflated, having 3 large vesicular protuberances: a nearly hemispherical superior, an oblong posterior, and pyriform inferior protuberance. The dental formula of the hypsodont teeth is i 1/1, c 0/0, p 1/1, m 3/3, total 20. The occlusal surface is composed of 3 closely packed lamellar plates. The laminae of the cheek teeth are widened and fused, with the enamel of each loph being strengthened on the anterior side but weakened on the posterior side in the upper cheek teeth, with the reverse occurring in the lower cheek teeth (Glanz and Anderson 1990). The enamel of the delicate incisors is usually dark yellow.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4EFFF21C5E90835FDCFD9D" blockId="3.[839,1524,203,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
The well-developed hind limb is longer than the forelimb. Means (mm) of long bones of the limbs include humerus (35.5), radius (39.0), ulna (48.75), femur (58.25), and tibia (68.25—
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4EFFF21C8593235F08FDFD" author="CABRERA, A." box="[936,1080,523,546]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" pagination="195 - 202" refId="ref6372" refString="CABRERA, A. 1960. Acerca de las chinchillas. Actas y trabajos del Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoologia, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina 4: 195 - 202." type="journal article" year="1960">Cabrera 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The vertebral formula is 7 C, 13 T, 6 L, 2 S and 20 Ca, total 48 (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4EFFF21B6693035FEBFD9D" author="CABRERA, A." box="[1099,1243,555,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" pagination="195 - 202" refId="ref6372" refString="CABRERA, A. 1960. Acerca de las chinchillas. Actas y trabajos del Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoologia, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina 4: 195 - 202." type="journal article" year="1960">Cabrera 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4EFFF21C5E93635EB1FCDD" blockId="3.[839,1524,203,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4EFFF21C5E93635F65FDBD" authority="chinchilla" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[883,1109,587,610]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21C5E93635F65FDBD" box="[883,1109,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has longer dorsal hairs than
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4EFFF21AB99363585BFD5D" baseAuthorityName="Cabrera" baseAuthorityYear="1960" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21AB99363585BFD5D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">C. lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4EFFF21C9793435F38FD5D" box="[954,1032,619,642]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4EFFF21B3593435FA9FD5D" author="ALBERT, F." box="[1048,1177,619,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" pagination="915 - 934" refId="ref6078" refString="ALBERT, F. 1900. La chinchilla. Anales de la Universidad de Chile 107: 915 - 934." type="journal article" year="1900">Albert 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Hairs of the dorsum are bluegray at the root, with a distal broad white tinge and dark gray at the tip, producing a silvery gray tint suffused with black. The venter, inner surfaces of limbs, and feet are whitish. The tail has 2 dark bands on its upper surface (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4EFFF21B9593C35E41FCDD" author="WATERHOUSE, G. R." box="[1208,1393,747,770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refId="ref9179" refString="WATERHOUSE, G. R. 1848. A natural history of the Mammalia. Vol. 2, Rodentia. Hippolyte Bailliere, London, United Kingdom." type="book" year="1848">Waterhouse 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4EFFF21C5E922358BDFA7D" blockId="3.[839,1524,203,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
The basal metabolic rate is 0.498 ± 0.068 ml O 2 /g h, equivalent to 67.2% of the predicted value for a mammal of similar size (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA4EFFF21CAE92635F20FCBD" author="KLEIBER" box="[899,1040,843,866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refId="ref7466" refString="KLEIBER M. 1961. The fire of life. An introduction to animal energetics. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York." type="book" year="1961">Kleiber 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; Cortés et al. 2003). The lower critical temperature (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21C9F924358F1FC5D" box="[946,961,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">T</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
lc) is 22°C. In a He–O 2 atmosphere the relationship of metabolic rate versus ambient temperature (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21A6E92A35E62FC7D" box="[1347,1362,907,930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">T</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
a) was MR (ml O 2 /g h) = 2.28 − 0.0544
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21B7F92835F51FC1D" box="[1106,1121,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">T</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
a, during which the thermal conductance (
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21CAA92E358A9FC3D" box="[903,921,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="6DC09BE3BA4EFFF21CB492E1589CFC08" attach="left" box="[921,940,969,983]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">He</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
) reached 0.0544 ml O 2 /g h. When ambient temperature was lowered to −7.5°C in an artificial atmosphere, metabolic rate fell 16.9% with respect to the maximum metabolic rate of 2.52 ± 0.005 ml O 2 /g h, indicating that the thermoregulatory capability was exceeded. The aerobic metabolic expansivity, calculated as the ratio Maximum Metabolic Rate/Basal Metabolic Rate (MMR/BMR), was 5.1 (Cortés et al. 2003). The relation MMR/
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21CBC95835893FB1D" box="[913,931,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(thermal conductance) =
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21B9295835FFEFB1D" box="[1215,1230,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">T</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
b (body temperature) −
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21AFD95835EEFFB1D" box="[1488,1503,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">T</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
LL (calculated theoretical lower lethal temperature) gave a theoretical critical lethal temperature (Bozinovic and Rosenmann 1989) of −67.8°C (Cortés et al. 2003), close to the value of −65.0°C obtained by extrapolating maximum metabolic rate (He–O 2) on the regression curve of metabolic rate versus ambient temperature in normal air (Rosenmann and Morrison 1974; Cortés et al. 2003).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA4EFFF51C5E94835832FD9D" blockId="3.[839,1524,203,1954]" lastBlockId="4.[108,792,203,834]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
|
|||
|
|
Minimum values of evaporative water loss were 0.498 ±
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4EFFF21C9E94E35F12FA3D" box="[947,1058,1483,1506]" metricMagnitude="-8" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mg" value="0.014">0.014 mg</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
H 2 O/g h within the ambient temperature range of ≤ 20°C, while the averages of evaporative water loss at 25°C, 30°C, and 32.5°C were
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA4EFFF21A1C97235E42F9FD" box="[1329,1394,1547,1570]" degrees="0.604" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.604">0.604</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA4EFFF21A5397235E8FF9FD" box="[1406,1471,1547,1570]" degrees="0.820" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" precision="55" value="0.82">0.820</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA4EFFF21C6797035883F99D" box="[842,947,1579,1602]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.105" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mg" value="1.105">1.105 mg</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
H 2 O/g h, representing increases over the minimum of 20%, 65%, and 120%, respectively (Cortés et al. 2003). At the highest experimental temperature, evaporative water loss was equivalent to only 24.6% of the basal rate of heat production (2.39 cal/g h—Cortés et al. 2003). The low cooling capability was reflected in a body temperature increase of 1.1°C above the normothermic condition (38.7°C versus 37.6°C), a value within that expected for xeric rodents (Cortés et al. 2000b). The low evaporative water loss may have unfavourable consequences at high temperatures where evaporative heat loss is important; for example, at an ambient temperature of 32.5°C,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA4EFFF21BAF96A35E22F87D" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1154,1298,1931,1954]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA4EFFF21BAF96A35E22F87D" box="[1154,1298,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was able to reduce evaporative water loss to only one-fourth that of metabolic heat production, which was reflected by a body temperature increase of 1.1°C. The efficiency index of water regulation for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51F4090035BCBFE9D" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[109,251,299,322]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51F4090035B4FFE9D" box="[109,127,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51FA390035BCBFE9D" box="[142,251,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51E2190035A2BFE9D" box="[268,283,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">T</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
a @) was 10.6°C. Replacing
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51D7C90035950FE9D" box="[593,608,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">T</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
a = 10.6°C in the regression equation (MR =
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA49FFF51EB390635AECFEBD" box="[414,476,331,354]" degrees="1.022" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" precision="55" value="1.022">1.022</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA49FFF51EC990635976FEBD" box="[484,582,331,354]" degrees="0.0239" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" precision="5" value="-0.0239">− 0.0239</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51D6B90635965FEBD" box="[582,597,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">T</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
a), a value of 3.71 cal/g h is obtained; this is the energetic cost of maintaining water balance in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51E1C90A35AF0FE7D" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[305,448,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51E1C90A35AF0FE7D" box="[305,448,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, indicative of a slightly lower efficiency compared with other Chilean rodents from mesic and xeric habitats (Cortés et al. 2000a; Cortés et al. 2003). Nevertheless, the energetic cost of maintaining water balance, MR-WB = 3.71 cal/g h, was similar to or lower than the values reported for other desert rodent species (Cortés et al. 2003).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA49FFF51FB59363591FFC9D" blockId="4.[108,792,203,834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
Elevated hemoglobin oxygen affinity is a blood property considered an evolutionary adaptation in mammals living at high elevation (Monge and León-Velarde 1991) because hypoxic environments exert strong selective pressures on oxygen levels. Hemoglobin affinity in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51E4A93E35AE7FD3D" box="[359,471,715,738]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51E4A93E35AE7FD3D" box="[359,471,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
correlates positively with elevation (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51FEF93C35AA1FCDD" author="OSTOJIC, H. & V. CIFUENTES & C. MONGE" box="[194,401,747,770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" pagination="27 - 30" refId="ref8086" refString="OSTOJIC, H., V. CIFUENTES, AND C. MONGE. 2002. Hemoglobin affinity in Andean rodents. Biological Research 35: 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="2002">Ostojic et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51E8693C35907FCDD" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[427,567,747,770]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51E8693C35907FCDD" box="[427,567,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has a higher hemoglobin oxygen affinity (23.3 ± 0.06 mmHg) than
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51DB692235828FCFD" baseAuthorityName="Cabrera" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[667,792,779,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51DB692235828FCFD" box="[667,792,779,802]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C. lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(27.7 ± 0.03 mmHg—Ostojic et al. 2002).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSection id="F33A2F40BA49FFF51FE292555AA0F987" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="multiple">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA49FFF51FE292555986FC48" blockId="4.[207,694,893,919]" box="[207,694,893,919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="C14281C7BA49FFF51FE292555986FC48" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[207,694,893,919]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" reason="6">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51FE292555986FC48" bold="true" box="[207,694,893,919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">ONTOGENY AND REPRODUCTION</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA49FFF51FB592E95AA0F987" blockId="4.[109,792,961,1624]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
In optimal conditions, wild
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51EE392E95985FC07" authority="chinchilla" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[462,693,961,984]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51EE392E95985FC07" box="[462,693,961,984]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
can produce 1 litter in October, January, and April (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51D5292C95838FC27" author="ALBERT, F." box="[639,776,993,1016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" pagination="915 - 934" refId="ref6078" refString="ALBERT, F. 1900. La chinchilla. Anales de la Universidad de Chile 107: 915 - 934." type="journal article" year="1900">Albert 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Gestation in chinchillas from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA49FFF51EC495295908FBC7" box="[489,568,1025,1048]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
and northwestern
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA49FFF51F4095095BE9FBE7" box="[109,217,1057,1080]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
is 105–111 days (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51E8695095971FBE7" author="DENNLER, G." box="[427,577,1057,1080]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" pagination="129 - 136" refId="ref6903" refString="DENNLER, G. 1940. Contribuciones al estudio de las chinchillas, las epocas de celo, y de las pariciones. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica de Argentina 130: 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="1940">Dennler 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51D76950959D9FBE7" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[603,745,1057,1080]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51D769509595DFBE7" box="[603,621,1057,1080]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51D50950959D9FBE7" box="[637,745,1057,1080]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
can become sexually mature as early as 5.5 months, but the average is closer to 8 months (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51E7195495ADAFBA7" author="CHeBEZ, J. C." box="[348,490,1121,1144]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" refId="ref6519" refString="CHeBEZ, J. C. 1994. Los que se van. Editorial Albatros, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1994">Chébez 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Births take place between February and March, and August to December, with a higher proportion of births in September. The 1st estrus and subsequent copulations occur in April, being more common from mid-May to July, and then between October and December, fully declining in February, when females have given birth (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51F5B94095A23FAE7" author="DENNLER, G." box="[118,275,1313,1336]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" pagination="129 - 136" refId="ref6903" refString="DENNLER, G. 1940. Contribuciones al estudio de las chinchillas, las epocas de celo, y de las pariciones. Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica de Argentina 130: 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="1940">Dennler 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The semi-precocial neonates weigh about
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA49FFF51F4094695B92FA87" box="[109,162,1345,1368]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" unit="g" value="35.0">35 g</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, are fully, have open eyes, and are able to creep under the mother’s body for warmth while she dries them. Females have 1 pair of inguinal and 2 pairs of lateral thoracic mammae. Neonates can eat plant food, which creates a smooth transition during weaning at about 6 weeks (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51D4E94E95838FA07" author="COCKRUM, E. L." box="[611,776,1473,1496]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" refId="ref6590" refString="COCKRUM, E. L. 1962. Introduction to mammalogy. The Ronald Press Company, New York." type="book" year="1962">Cockrum 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Experimental breeding in captivity is difficult, resulting in high percentages of sterility (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51EAC97295932F9C7" author="GENTA, N." box="[385,514,1537,1560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" refId="ref7061" refString="GENTA, N. 1987. Manual moderno de cria y explotacion de la chinchilla. Editorial Hemisferio Sur, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1987">Genta 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Some crosses between
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51F4097095BDCF9E7" baseAuthorityName="Cabrera" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[109,236,1569,1592]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51F4097095BDCF9E7" box="[109,236,1569,1592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C. lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51E0E97095A80F9E7" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[291,432,1569,1592]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51E0E97095A80F9E7" box="[291,432,1569,1592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
have been produced during captive breeding (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51E2197695A4FF987" author="GRAU, J." box="[268,383,1601,1624]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" refId="ref7157" refString="GRAU, J. 1986. La chinchilla, su crianza en todos los climas. Tercera edicion. Editorial El Ateneo, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1986">Grau 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSection>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D2AF6520BA49FFF51E5597BA5E15FA27" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<subSection id="F33A2F40BA49FFF51E5597BA5842FC7D" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="multiple">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA49FFF51E5597BA593EF973" blockId="4.[376,526,1682,1708]" box="[376,526,1682,1708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="C14281C7BA49FFF51E5597BA593EF973" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[376,526,1682,1708]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" reason="6">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51E5597BA593EF973" bold="true" box="[376,526,1682,1708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">ECOLOGY</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA49FFF51FB597FE5952F8B2" blockId="4.[109,793,1750,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51FB597FE5A4EF932" authority="chinchilla" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[152,382,1750,1773]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51FB597FE5A4EF932" box="[152,382,1750,1773]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
lives in areas of montane grassland and scrub, habitats similar to those of the viscacha,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51D9F97DE5BCCF8F2" authority="(Mann 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Mann" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Lagidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51D9F97DE5828F8D2" box="[690,792,1782,1805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Lagidium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51F5B963E5BC1F8F2" author="MANN, G." box="[118,241,1814,1837]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 342" refId="ref7670" refString="MANN, G. 1978. Los pequenos mamiferos de Chile. Gayana, Zoologia 40: 1 - 342." type="journal article" year="1978">Mann 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Its natural habitat is the relatively barren areas of the Andes Mountains at elevations of
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA49FFF51D29961E5999F892" box="[516,681,1846,1869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="4000.0" valueMax="5000.0" valueMin="3000.0">
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA49FFF51D29961E5970F892" box="[516,576,1846,1869]" degrees="3,000" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" precision="55" value="3.0">3,000</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA49FFF51D6D961E59BAF892" box="[576,650,1846,1869]" degrees="5,000" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" precision="55" value="-5.0">–5,000</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
m
|
|||
|
|
</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. It usually shelters in crevices and holes among the rocks.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA49FFF51FB5965E5842FC7D" blockId="4.[109,793,1750,1965]" lastBlockId="4.[839,1523,203,930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51FB5965E5AB1F852" authority="chinchilla" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[152,385,1910,1933]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51FB5965E5AB1F852" box="[152,385,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in the wild eats similar plants to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51F4096BE5BE3F872" baseAuthorityName="Mann" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[109,211,1942,1965]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Lagidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51F4096BE5BE3F872" box="[109,211,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Lagidium</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, essentially
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51E7E96BE5A95F872" box="[339,421,1942,1965]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51E7E96BE5A95F872" box="[339,421,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Festuca</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51EF896BE5971F872" box="[469,577,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Districhia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
grasses and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51DEE96BE5826F872" box="[707,790,1942,1965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51DEE96BE5826F872" box="[707,790,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Senecio</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51C5A91E35F30FF3D" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1841" box="[887,1024,203,226]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Parastrephia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51C5A91E35F30FF3D" box="[887,1024,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Parastrephia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
shrubs (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51B4C91E35FEDFF3D" author="MANN, G." box="[1121,1245,203,226]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 342" refId="ref7670" refString="MANN, G. 1978. Los pequenos mamiferos de Chile. Gayana, Zoologia 40: 1 - 342." type="journal article" year="1978">Mann 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Populations of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51AB091E358B4FEDD" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51AB091E358B4FEDD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from the
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA49FFF51CDC91C35F8EFEDD" box="[1009,1214,235,258]" country="Chile" name="Antofagasta" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Antofagasta region</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(Morro Negro,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA49FFF51A4391C35EF4FEDD" box="[1390,1476,233,258]" degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" precision="925" value="-25.0">
|
|||
|
|
25°00
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51A8391C15E85FEDD" box="[1454,1461,233,258]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">′</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
S
|
|||
|
|
</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA49FFF51C679023589AFEFD" box="[842,938,265,290]" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" precision="925" value="-68.75">
|
|||
|
|
68°45
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51CA5902158BFFEFD" box="[904,911,265,290]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">′</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
W
|
|||
|
|
</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
; El Laco,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA49FFF51B3290235F45FEFD" box="[1055,1141,265,290]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" precision="925" value="-23.733334">
|
|||
|
|
23°44
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51B7290215F56FEFD" box="[1119,1126,265,290]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">′</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
S
|
|||
|
|
</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA49FFF51B8290235E21FEFD" box="[1199,1297,265,290]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" precision="925" value="-67.46667">
|
|||
|
|
67°28
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51BC290215FC6FEFD" box="[1263,1270,265,290]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">′</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
W
|
|||
|
|
</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
) are associated with
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51C6590035F4FFE9D" box="[840,1151,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Parasthrephia lepydophylla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51BB690035E5BFE9D" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1954" baseAuthorityName="Meyen" box="[1179,1387,299,322]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Parastrephia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quadrangularis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51BB690035E5BFE9D" box="[1179,1387,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">P. quadrangularis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51AAA90035F27FEBD" authority=", Chuquira" authorityName="Chuquira" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incarum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51AAA90035891FEBD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Baccharis incarum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51C9C90635F27FEBD" box="[945,1047,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Chuquira</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51B0C90635FB6FEBD" box="[1057,1158,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">gaulicina</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51BEA906358F8FE5D" authority="(Spotorno et al. 1998)" baseAuthorityName="Spotorno" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Adesmia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="horrida">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51BEA90635E4EFEBD" box="[1223,1406,331,354]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Adesmia horrida</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51ABC9063588EFE5D" author="SPOTORNO, A. E." pageId="4" pageNumber="55" pagination="501 - 526" refId="ref8391" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., ET AL. 1998. Sistematica y adaptacion de mamiferos, aves e insectos fitofagos de la Region de Antofagasta, Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 71: 501 - 526." type="journal article" year="1998">Spotorno et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51CF590435F46FE5D" box="[984,1142,363,386]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tola">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51CF590435F46FE5D" box="[984,1142,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Baccharis tola</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51BAA90435E6EFE5D" box="[1159,1374,363,386]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Adesmia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caespitosa">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51BAA90435E6EFE5D" box="[1159,1374,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Adesmia caespitosa</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51A4390435EDCFE5D" box="[1390,1516,363,386]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Adesmia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erinacea">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51A4390435EDCFE5D" box="[1390,1516,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">A. erinacea</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51C6590A35F37FE7D" box="[840,1031,395,418]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fabiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="byroides">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51C6590A35F37FE7D" box="[840,1031,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Fabiana byroides</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51B3490A35FD4FE7D" box="[1049,1252,395,418]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51B3490A35FD4FE7D" box="[1049,1252,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Stipa chrysophylla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51A0590A35F26FE1D" authority="(Tirado et al. 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Tirado" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Bivalvia" family="Unionidae" genus="Cristaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Unionoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="andicola">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51A0590A35EC2FE7D" box="[1320,1522,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Cristaria andicola</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51C7C90835F3AFE1D" author="TIRADO, C. & URBINA, AND & M. A. CARRETERO" box="[849,1034,427,450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" pagination="8 - 12" refId="ref8713" refString="TIRADO, C., A. CORTeS, E. MIRANDA- URBINA, AND M. A. CARRETERO. 2012. Trophic preference in an assemblage of mammal herbivores from Andean Puna (Northern Chile). Journal of Arid Environment 79: 8 - 12." type="journal article" year="2012">Tirado et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, with preferences in diets for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51A6290835EC2FE1D" box="[1359,1522,427,450]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51A6290835EC2FE1D" box="[1359,1522,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">S. chrysophylla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(59.1% of plant consumption). Populations are sympatric with the ashy chinchilla rat—
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51B4190C35E09FDDD" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1919" box="[1132,1337,491,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Abrocomidae" genus="Abrocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerea">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51B4190C35E09FDDD" box="[1132,1337,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Abrocoma cinerea</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, yellow-rumped pericote—
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51C9493235FF5FDFD" box="[953,1221,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51C9493235F28FDFD" box="[953,1048,523,546]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Phyllotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phyllotis</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
cf xanthopygus
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
, Andean akodont—
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51A8C93235F0FFD9D" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Abrothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="andinus" subSpecies="dolichonyx">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51A8C93235F0FFD9D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Abrothrix andinus dolichonyx</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and guanaco—
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51BDD93035E1DFD9D" box="[1264,1325,555,578]" class="Mammalia" family="Camelidae" genus="Lama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51BDD93035E1DFD9D" box="[1264,1325,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Lama</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51A1093035EB0FD9D" box="[1341,1408,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">glama</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51ABC93035EC3FD9D" box="[1425,1523,555,578]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">guanicoe</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51C7C93635F03FDBD" author="SPOTORNO, A. E." box="[849,1075,587,610]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" pagination="501 - 526" refId="ref8391" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., ET AL. 1998. Sistematica y adaptacion de mamiferos, aves e insectos fitofagos de la Region de Antofagasta, Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 71: 501 - 526." type="journal article" year="1998">Spotorno et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51B6993635E3AFDBD" author="TIRADO, C. & URBINA, AND & M. A. CARRETERO" box="[1092,1290,587,610]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" pagination="8 - 12" refId="ref8713" refString="TIRADO, C., A. CORTeS, E. MIRANDA- URBINA, AND M. A. CARRETERO. 2012. Trophic preference in an assemblage of mammal herbivores from Andean Puna (Northern Chile). Journal of Arid Environment 79: 8 - 12." type="journal article" year="2012">Tirado et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The habitat for the
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA49FFF51C6593435897FD5D" box="[840,935,619,642]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Atacama</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
populations includes a stream with boulders, mediumsized caves, and sparse scrub vegetation of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51A1B93A35EF1FD7D" box="[1334,1473,651,674]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frigida">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51A1B93A35EF1FD7D" box="[1334,1473,651,674]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Stipa frigida</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51C6593835E02FD1D" authority="(Valladares et al. 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Valladares" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[840,1330,683,706]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Senecio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="volckmannii">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51C6593835F16FD1D" box="[840,1062,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Senecio volckmannii</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51B1493835E16FD1D" author="VALLADARES, P." box="[1081,1318,683,706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" pagination="173 - 178" refId="ref8896" refString="VALLADARES, P., ET AL. 2012. Nuevo registro de Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) para la Region de Atacama. Extension de su rango de distribucion y estado de conservacion. Mastozoologia Neotropical 19: 173 - 178." type="journal article" year="2012">Valladares et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Other species of sympatric rodents were the yellow-rumped pericote and Andean akodont. Another population was detected at a northern site, near Santa Rosa lagoon (
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FF81506CBA49FFF51B6392235FFBFCFD" box="[1102,1227,777,802]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-26.819723">
|
|||
|
|
26°49
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51BBD92215FA7FCFD" box="[1168,1175,777,802]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">′</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
11
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51B9C92215F8CFCFD" box="[1201,1212,777,802]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">″</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
S
|
|||
|
|
</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
and 69°05
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51A1092215E74FCFD" box="[1341,1348,777,802]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">′</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
67
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51A7292215E5AFCFD" box="[1375,1386,777,802]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">″</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
W,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA49FFF51AA092235ED6FCFD" box="[1421,1510,779,802]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="4000.0">4,000 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
), corresponding to the northern area of the National Park where remains of a jaw and feces were found. The principal predator in the 3 recognized populations is
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51BB692435E5DFC5D" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1179,1389,875,898]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Lycalopex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="culpaeus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51BB692435E5DFC5D" box="[1179,1389,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Lycalopex culpaeus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, the Andean fox.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSection id="F33A2F40BA49FFF51B6C92F55E15FA27" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="multiple">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA49FFF51B6C92F55FC9FC28" blockId="4.[1089,1273,989,1015]" box="[1089,1273,989,1015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="C14281C7BA49FFF51B6C92F55FC9FC28" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1089,1273,989,1015]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" reason="6">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51B6C92F55FC9FC28" bold="true" box="[1089,1273,989,1015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">HUSBANDRY</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA49FFF51C5E95095E15FA27" blockId="4.[838,1524,1057,1528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
According to Genta (1978),
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51B8A95095EB9FBE7" authority="chinchilla" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1191,1417,1057,1080]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51B8A95095EB9FBE7" box="[1191,1417,1057,1080]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was bred from
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA49FFF51CAE956958E2FB87" box="[899,978,1089,1112]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8945799999999995" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" unit="in" value="1927.0">1927 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
the Andean locality of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA49FFF51BEE95695FCEFB87" box="[1219,1278,1089,1112]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA49FFF51A2895695E42FB87" box="[1285,1394,1089,1112]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, specifically at Estación Zootécnica de Miraflores, Abra Pampa. Founded by 1 wild male and 4 wild females, by 1972 the laboratory colony numbered about 400. The “Atahualpa Breeding of Chinchillas S.A.” program in Cochi Viejo,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA49FFF51BAA95E95FF3FB07" box="[1159,1219,1217,1240]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, begun in 1931, had over 500 animals in 1949. In 1934, Juan Abaroa began breeding
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51AB095C958B4FAC7" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51AB095C95E9EFB27" box="[1437,1454,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51A9195C958B4FAC7" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in Calama,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA49FFF51B2994295FFFFAC7" box="[1028,1231,1281,1304]" country="Chile" name="Antofagasta" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Antofagasta region</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA49FFF51BDF94295E1EFAC7" box="[1266,1326,1281,1304]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, with “Atahualpa” specimens. Now named “Abaroa Breeding” this is the only surviving breeding colony. García-Mata (1976) bred
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51A4794695EC3FA87" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1386,1523,1345,1368]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51A4794695E4AFA87" box="[1386,1402,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51AA494695EC3FA87" box="[1417,1523,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
both from the Abra Pampa (
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA49FFF51B5694495F88FAA7" box="[1147,1208,1377,1400]" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA49FFF51BEE94495E1FFAA7" box="[1219,1327,1377,1400]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
) colony and from a private breeding colony in Coropuna (
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA49FFF51A2894A95E5DFA47" box="[1285,1389,1409,1432]" country="Peru" name="Arequipa" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Arequipa</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA49FFF51A5694A95E80FA47" box="[1403,1456,1409,1432]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
), with obvious differences between these lineages. The specimens from Abra Pampa were named “de
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA49FFF51BA994E95FE4FA07" box="[1156,1236,1473,1496]" name="Bolivia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
” or “real segunda” and the Peruvian chinchillas were named “indianas.”
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSection>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSection id="F33A2F40BA49FFF41B7F971A598CFE7D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="multiple">
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D2AF6520BA49FFF41B7F971A598CFE7D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA49FFF51B7F971A5FDAF993" blockId="4.[1106,1258,1586,1612]" box="[1106,1258,1586,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="C14281C7BA49FFF51B7F971A5FDAF993" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[1106,1258,1586,1612]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" reason="6">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51B7F971A5FDAF993" bold="true" box="[1106,1258,1586,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">GENETICS</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA49FFF41C5E975E598CFE7D" blockId="4.[840,1525,1654,1965]" lastBlockId="5.[109,793,203,418]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51C5E975E5F64F952" authority="chinchilla" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[883,1108,1654,1677]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51C5E975E5F64F952" box="[883,1108,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Chinchilla chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has a diploid number (2n) of 64 chromosomes, all of which are biarmed (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51BF097BE5EA4F972" author="VIDAL, R. O. & R. RIVAS & S. SPIRITO" box="[1245,1428,1686,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" pagination="141 - 150" refId="ref9036" refString="VIDAL, R. O., R. RIVAS, AND S. SPIRITO. 1973. Los cromosomas de la Chinchilla brevicaudata. Contribucion a la sistematica del genero Chinchilla (Rodentia: Chinchillidae). Physis C 32: 141 - 150." type="journal article" year="1973">Vidal et al. 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Partial cytochrome-
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51CE3979E58EBF912" box="[974,987,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">b</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
gene sequences from mitochondrial DNA of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51C6597FE58E9F932" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[840,985,1750,1773]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51C6597FE58E9F932" box="[840,985,1750,1773]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
show a substantial molecular divergence with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51C6597DE5FFAF8D2" authority="(Spotorno et al. 2004 a)" baseAuthorityName="Spotorno" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[840,1226,1782,1805]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51C6597DE58F5F8D2" box="[840,965,1782,1805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C. lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA49FFF51CF897DE5FF0F8D2" author="SPOTORNO, A. E. & P. VALLADARES & R. E. PALMA & C. ZULETA" box="[981,1216,1782,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" pagination="384 - 388" refId="ref8508" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., P. VALLADARES, J. C. MARiN, R. E. PALMA, AND C. ZULETA. 2004 a. Molecular divergence and phylogenetic relationships among chinchillids (Rodentia, Chinchillidae). Journal of Mammalogy 85: 384 - 388." type="journal article" year="2004">Spotorno et al. 2004a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Mean molecular distances between both species had a mean value of 5.9% (range 4.9– 6.2%). For the 3rd codon position, 8 sites had character states that were exclusive and diagnostic for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51BC7967E5E44F8B2" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1258,1396,1878,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51BC7967E5E44F8B2" box="[1258,1396,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. No unique variant associated with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51B6A965E5FE1F852" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1095,1233,1910,1933]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51B6A965E5FE1F852" box="[1095,1233,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
was detected in any of the
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="8CB3FD22BA49FFF51C6496BE58FCF872" box="[841,972,1942,1965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
of domestic
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA49FFF51B7E96BE5FFFF872" box="[1107,1231,1942,1965]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51B7E96BE5F55F872" box="[1107,1125,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51B5F96BE5FFFF872" box="[1138,1231,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA49FFF51BE296BE5FE3F872" box="[1231,1235,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Sequences of the domestic
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41F4091E35BCAFF3D" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[109,250,203,226]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41F4091E35BCAFF3D" box="[109,250,203,226]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
were similar to those of their wild counterparts. Domestic specimens exhibited the lowest diversity within the sample, with genetic distances of about 0.1%. Both
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41DB290235829FEFD" box="[671,793,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41DB290235829FEFD" box="[671,793,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C. lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41FB690035A17FE9D" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[155,295,299,322]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41FB690035A17FE9D" box="[155,295,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
emerge as molecularly distinct and geographically divergent species (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41EAD9063595FFEBD" author="SPOTORNO, A. E. & P. VALLADARES & R. E. PALMA & C. ZULETA" box="[384,623,331,354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="384 - 388" refId="ref8508" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., P. VALLADARES, J. C. MARiN, R. E. PALMA, AND C. ZULETA. 2004 a. Molecular divergence and phylogenetic relationships among chinchillids (Rodentia, Chinchillidae). Journal of Mammalogy 85: 384 - 388." type="journal article" year="2004">Spotorno et al. 2004a</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), which agrees with previous morphological studies (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41D3D90435994FE5D" author="CABRERA, A." box="[528,676,363,386]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="195 - 202" refId="ref6372" refString="CABRERA, A. 1960. Acerca de las chinchillas. Actas y trabajos del Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoologia, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina 4: 195 - 202." type="journal article" year="1960">Cabrera 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) and with the reported male sterility of their hybrids (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41D1690A3599CFE7D" author="GRAU, J." box="[571,684,395,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refId="ref7157" refString="GRAU, J. 1986. La chinchilla, su crianza en todos los climas. Tercera edicion. Editorial El Ateneo, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="1986">Grau 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</subSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSection id="F33A2F40BA48FFF41E6290F55E19FB7D" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="multiple">
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D2AF6520BA48FFF41E6290F55E19FB7D" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="conservation">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA48FFF41E6290F55906FE28" blockId="5.[335,566,477,503]" box="[335,566,477,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="C14281C7BA48FFF41E6290F55906FE28" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[335,566,477,503]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" reason="6">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41E6290F55906FE28" bold="true" box="[335,566,477,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">CONSERVATION</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA48FFF41FB593095BC6FCE7" blockId="5.[108,794,545,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
|
|||
|
|
The critical conservation status for both
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41D79930959F4FDE7" box="[596,708,545,568]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41D79930959F4FDE7" box="[596,708,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
species is due to human hunting for the fur trade; at the beginning of the 20th century> 20 million specimens were killed in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41DB0934959E7FDA7" box="[669,727,609,632]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
alone (Iriarte and Jaksic 1986;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41E5993A95AC3FD47" author="ALBERT, F." box="[372,499,641,664]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="915 - 934" refId="ref6078" refString="ALBERT, F. 1900. La chinchilla. Anales de la Universidad de Chile 107: 915 - 934." type="journal article" year="1900">Albert 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41D2C93A95906FD47" author="ALBERT, F." box="[513,566,641,664]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="201 - 209" refId="ref6099" refString="ALBERT, F. 1901. Datos sobre la chinchilla. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 5: 201 - 209." type="journal article" year="1901">1901</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Although both species were considered extinct during the 1960s,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41D4A938959D1FD67" box="[615,737,673,696]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanigera">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41D4A938959D1FD67" box="[615,737,673,696]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C. lanigera</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
populations were rediscovered by Mohlis in 1983,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41D5B93E95BF0FD27" author="SPOTORNO, A. E. & P. VALLADARES & R. E. PALMA & C. ZULETA" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="384 - 388" refId="ref8508" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., P. VALLADARES, J. C. MARiN, R. E. PALMA, AND C. ZULETA. 2004 a. Molecular divergence and phylogenetic relationships among chinchillids (Rodentia, Chinchillidae). Journal of Mammalogy 85: 384 - 388." type="journal article" year="2004">Spotorno et al. (2004a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41FD493C95ACCFD27" author="VALLADARES, P. & A. SPOTORNO & C. ZULETA" box="[249,508,737,760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="89 - 93" refId="ref8941" refString="VALLADARES, P., A. SPOTORNO, AND C. ZULETA. 2014 a. Chinchilla lanigera (Molina 1782) and C. chinchilla (Lichtenstein 1830). Review of their distribution and new findings. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 37: 89 - 93." type="journal article" year="2014">Valladares et al. (2014a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41D1A93C959F0FD27" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[567,704,737,760]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41D1A93C959F0FD27" box="[567,704,737,760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
populations were rediscovered by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41EA292295947FCC7" author="SPOTORNO, A. E." box="[399,631,769,792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="501 - 526" refId="ref8391" refString="SPOTORNO, A. E., ET AL. 1998. Sistematica y adaptacion de mamiferos, aves e insectos fitofagos de la Region de Antofagasta, Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 71: 501 - 526." type="journal article" year="1998">Spotorno et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41D8592295BDFFCE7" author="VALLADARES, P." pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="173 - 178" refId="ref8896" refString="VALLADARES, P., ET AL. 2012. Nuevo registro de Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) para la Region de Atacama. Extension de su rango de distribucion y estado de conservacion. Mastozoologia Neotropical 19: 173 - 178." type="journal article" year="2012">Valladares et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA48FFF41FB5926959A3FA87" blockId="5.[108,794,545,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
|
|||
|
|
A genuine massacre of chinchillas on both sides of the Andes began around 1900 when fur traders demanded large numbers of skins to meet commitments to European furriers. Indians, miners, and others (“chinchilleros”) left their jobs and dedicated themselves to hunting chinchillas (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41EC092E95940FC07" author="ALBERT, F." box="[493,624,961,984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="201 - 209" refId="ref6099" refString="ALBERT, F. 1901. Datos sobre la chinchilla. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 5: 201 - 209." type="journal article" year="1901">Albert 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41D5292E95838FC07" author="AUTRAN, M." box="[639,776,961,984]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="121 - 136" refId="ref6182" refString="AUTRAN, M. 1906. Contribucion al estudio de la chinchilla Eriomys laniger. Boletin del Ministerio de Agricultura 4: 121 - 136. Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="journal article" year="1906">Autran 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Forms of hunting were diverse, ranging from the use of dogs and a mustelid named “quique” (lesser grisson—
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41DA99529583FFBC7" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[644,783,1025,1048]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Galictis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuja">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41DA99529583FFBC7" box="[644,783,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Galictis cuja</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) to burning thorny shrubs to force them from their burrows. Some hunters used a dead-fall trap, by which a large rock crushed the chinchilla. In the late 19th and early 20th century, one-half million chinchilla skins were exported annually from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41DA795A959F4FB47" box="[650,708,1153,1176]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41DF995A95B92FB67" author="ALBERT, F." pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="201 - 209" refId="ref6099" refString="ALBERT, F. 1901. Datos sobre la chinchilla. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 5: 201 - 209." type="journal article" year="1901">Albert 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). The carnage was much greater than the export numbers because only one-third of the chinchilla skins were suitable for purchase (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41FF295C95A52FB27" author="ALBERT, F." box="[223,354,1249,1272]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="201 - 209" refId="ref6099" refString="ALBERT, F. 1901. Datos sobre la chinchilla. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 5: 201 - 209." type="journal article" year="1901">Albert 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Skins exported through Buenos Aires included those coming from
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41E8294295ACDFAC7" box="[431,509,1281,1304]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41D3D942959A9FAC7" author="AUTRAN, M." box="[528,665,1281,1304]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="121 - 136" refId="ref6182" refString="AUTRAN, M. 1906. Contribucion al estudio de la chinchilla Eriomys laniger. Boletin del Ministerio de Agricultura 4: 121 - 136. Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="journal article" year="1906">Autran 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). With this level of exploitation,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41E6294095AE8FAE7" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[335,472,1313,1336]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41E6294095A51FAE7" box="[335,353,1313,1336]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41E4394095AE8FAE7" box="[366,472,1313,1336]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
became commercially extinct in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41FAA94695BC4FA87" box="[135,244,1345,1368]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41FD294695A0BFA87" box="[255,315,1345,1368]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41E5E94695AF1FA87" box="[371,449,1345,1368]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
within a few years.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA48FFF41FB594495E79FEDD" blockId="5.[108,794,545,1944]" lastBlockId="5.[840,1525,203,1186]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
|
|||
|
|
Cofré and Marquet (1999) cataloged
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41D6F944959E1FAA7" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[578,721,1377,1400]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41D6F944959E1FAA7" box="[578,721,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
in an “Endangered” category based on a Priority Conservation Index. According to these authors,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41E839489590CFA67" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[430,572,1441,1464]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41E839489590CFA67" box="[430,572,1441,1464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has a geographical distribution of
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5D4D9B4EBA48FFF41E2094E95A4FFA07" box="[269,383,1473,1496]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" unit="km" value="85000.0">85,000 km</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="6DC09BE3BA48FFF41EAD94975AB8FA12" attach="right" box="[384,392,1471,1485]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">2</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
, with a local abundance of 63.1/km
|
|||
|
|
<superScript id="6DC09BE3BA48FFF41C2494975821FA12" attach="left" box="[777,785,1471,1485]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">2</superScript>
|
|||
|
|
, and inhabits 2 countries (
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41EA894C95AC1FA27" box="[389,497,1505,1528]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41D0694C95959FA27" box="[555,617,1505,1528]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
). There are still doubts about its current distribution, because only 3 populations are known (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41FC397095AE6F9E7" author="VALLADARES, P." box="[238,470,1569,1592]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="173 - 178" refId="ref8896" refString="VALLADARES, P., ET AL. 2012. Nuevo registro de Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) para la Region de Atacama. Extension de su rango de distribucion y estado de conservacion. Mastozoologia Neotropical 19: 173 - 178." type="journal article" year="2012">Valladares et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). For a long time, it was considered extinct in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41E0097695A6EF987" box="[301,350,1601,1624]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41EBF97695AD0F987" box="[402,480,1601,1624]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41EDD976959F2F987" author="HONACKI, J. H. & K. E. KINMAN & J. W. KOEPPL" box="[496,706,1601,1624]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refId="ref7185" refString="HONACKI, J. H., K. E. KINMAN, AND J. W. KOEPPL. 1982. Mammals species of the world. Allen Press and Association of Systematic Collections, Lawrence, Kansas." type="book" year="1982">Honacki et al. 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
; Bernal and Silva 2003;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41E3197495AA7F9A7" author="TARIFA, T." box="[284,407,1633,1656]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refId="ref8642" refString="TARIFA, T. 2009. Chinchilla chinchilla. Pp. 457 - 459 en Libro Rojo de la fauna silvestre de vertebrados de Bolivia. Ministerio del Medioambiente y Agua, La Paz, Bolivia." type="book" year="2009">Tarifa 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41E8997495978F9A7" author="ANDERSON, S." box="[420,584,1633,1656]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 652" refId="ref6154" refString="ANDERSON, S. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia, taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 231: 1 - 652." type="journal article" year="1997">Anderson 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
), but today
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41DE797495828F9A7" box="[714,792,1633,1656]" name="Bolivia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
considers
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41FCC97A95A42F947" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[225,370,1665,1688]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41FCC97A95BC3F947" box="[225,243,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41E2597A95A42F947" box="[264,370,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as “Critically Endangered,” because wild populations were recently documented in the southern region of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA48FFF41FF097E95A10F907" box="[221,288,1729,1752]" country="Bolivia" name="Potosi" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Potosi</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41E1997E95921F907" author="DELGADO, E. & L. F. PACHECO & BRAVO, AND & O. ROCHA" box="[308,529,1729,1752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="31 - 38" refId="ref6835" refString="DELGADO, E., L. F. PACHECO, J. SALAZAR- BRAVO, AND O. ROCHA. 2018. Chinchilla real (Chinchilla chinchilla) en Bolivia: comentarios sobre localidades reportadas y bases para su conservacion. Ecologia en Bolivia 53: 31 - 38." type="journal article" year="2018">Delgado et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). In
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41D6397E959B2F907" box="[590,642,1729,1752]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
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|
|
, it was listed as “Critically Endangered” by Supreme Decree Nº 034-2004- AG, although there were no data supporting its presence. In
|
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|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41F4096095BEAF8E7" box="[109,218,1825,1848]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
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|
|
,
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41FCB96095A42F8E7" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[230,370,1825,1848]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41FCB96095A42F8E7" box="[230,370,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is listed as “Critically Endangered” by Diaz and Ojeda (2000), Chébez and Oliveras (2008), and
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41DF496695B84F8A7" author="OJEDA, R. A." pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refId="ref7884" refString="OJEDA, R. A. 2012. Chinchilla brevicaudata. Pp. 173 in Libro rojo de los mamiferos amenazados de la Argentina (R. A. Ojeda, V. Chillo, and G. B. Diaz, eds.). Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamiferos, Buenos Aires, Argentina." type="book" year="2012">Ojeda (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
. Interestingly, no wild specimen has been recently collected in these regions, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41E8D96A9591BF847" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[416,555,1921,1944]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41E8D96A9591BF847" box="[416,555,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is currently classified as “Endangered” or “Critically Endangered,” but not “Extinct” by
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41C4491C358AAFEDD" box="[873,922,235,258]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41CE091C35F07FEDD" box="[973,1079,235,258]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41B6B91C35E09FEDD" author="VALLADARES, P. & A. SPOTORNO & C. ZULETA" box="[1094,1337,235,258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="135 - 143" refId="ref8991" refString="VALLADARES, P., A. SPOTORNO, AND C. ZULETA. 2014 b. Natural history of the Chinchilla genus (Bennett 1829). Considerations of their ecology, taxonomy and conservation status. Gayana 72: 135 - 143." type="journal article" year="2014">Valladares et al. 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA48FFF41C5E90235EF2FE3D" blockId="5.[840,1525,203,1186]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
|
|||
|
|
In
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41CBC902358FDFEFD" box="[913,973,267,290]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41CF790235F55FEFD" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[986,1125,267,290]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41CF790235F55FEFD" box="[986,1125,267,290]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
has been evaluated as “Endangered” by the Regulation of the Law of Hunting (Servicio Agrícola y
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41C64906358C0FEBD" author="GANADERO" box="[841,1008,331,354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refId="ref8356" refString="SERVICIO AGRiCOLA Y GANADERO. 2012. Cartilla de Caza. Departamento de Proteccion de los Recursos Naturales Renovables, Servicio Agricola y Ganadero, Ministerio de Agricultura, Santiago de Chile, Chile." type="book" year="2012">Ganadero 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). In 1988, the Corporación Nacional Forestal published the Red Book of Vertebrates in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E2A2763BBA48FFF41A1B90435E42FE5D" box="[1334,1394,363,386]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, cataloging
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41C6590A358E7FE7D" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[840,983,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41C6590A3586AFE7D" box="[840,858,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41C4090A358E7FE7D" box="[877,983,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
as “Endangered.” For Muñoz-Pedreros and Gil (2009), this species is “Extinguished” in the
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA48FFF41A1390835EDEFE1D" box="[1342,1518,427,450]" country="Chile" name="Tarapaca" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Tarapacá region</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
, and “Endangered” in the
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA48FFF41B7990E35FE4FE3D" box="[1108,1236,459,482]" country="Chile" name="Antofagasta" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Antofagasta</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="5871F849BA48FFF41A2A90E35E56FE3D" box="[1287,1382,459,482]" country="Chile" name="Atacama" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Atacama</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
regions.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA48FFF41C5E90C35E28FC5D" blockId="5.[840,1525,203,1186]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
|
|||
|
|
In any case,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41B0F90C35F89FDDD" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1058,1209,491,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41B0F90C35F89FDDD" box="[1058,1209,491,514]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is classified as “Critically Endangered” by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (http://cites.org/ eng/resources/species.html), by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (D’Elia and Ojeda 2008), and by the Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered program (EDGE, www.edgeofexistence.org/mammals/top_100.php). Without urgent conservation actions and further surveys to establish the locations of other wild populations, this species truly is on the edge of extinction. It is noteworthy that in the 100 years since commercial hunting ended the remnant populations have not substantially recovered by expanding into large areas of their former distribution.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9A0A36ABBA48FFF41C5E92A35E19FB7D" blockId="5.[840,1525,203,1186]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
|
|||
|
|
Recently discovered populations are small and isolated (Spotorno et al. 2004;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41B1192835FC5FC1D" author="LAGOS, N. & R. VILLALOBOS & A. I RIARTE" box="[1084,1269,939,962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="191 - 196" refId="ref7492" refString="LAGOS, N., R. VILLALOBOS, AND A. I RIARTE. 2012. Nuevos registros de poblaciones de chinchilla de cola corta, Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) en la cordillera de la Region de Atacama. Boletin del Museo de Historia Natural (Chile) 61: 191 - 196." type="journal article" year="2012">Lagos et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41A2E92835EDBFC1D" author="VALLADARES, P." box="[1283,1515,939,962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="173 - 178" refId="ref8896" refString="VALLADARES, P., ET AL. 2012. Nuevo registro de Chinchilla chinchilla (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) para la Region de Atacama. Extension de su rango de distribucion y estado de conservacion. Mastozoologia Neotropical 19: 173 - 178." type="journal article" year="2012">Valladares et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41C6592E35F2EFC3D" author="DELGADO, E. & L. F. PACHECO & BRAVO, AND & O. ROCHA" box="[840,1054,971,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="31 - 38" refId="ref6835" refString="DELGADO, E., L. F. PACHECO, J. SALAZAR- BRAVO, AND O. ROCHA. 2018. Chinchilla real (Chinchilla chinchilla) en Bolivia: comentarios sobre localidades reportadas y bases para su conservacion. Ecologia en Bolivia 53: 31 - 38." type="journal article" year="2018">Delgado et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Such highly fragmented and small mammalian populations generally have low genetic diversity and a high level of inbreeding, associated with reductions in fitness, further increasing the risk of extinction (Keller and Waller 2002). Currently, the principal threat to the wild
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DB54D28BA48FFF41A4A95635EC3FBBD" authorityName="chinchilla (Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[1383,1523,1099,1122]" class="Mammalia" family="Chinchillidae" genus="Chinchilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinchilla">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A8C1EAB9BA48FFF41A4A95635EC3FBBD" box="[1383,1523,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">C. chinchilla</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is the relationship between its populations and exploitation and mining prospecting (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FE244B5ABA48FFF41B0B95A35E29FB7D" author="VALLADARES, P. & A. SPOTORNO & C. ZULETA" box="[1062,1305,1163,1186]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="135 - 143" refId="ref8991" refString="VALLADARES, P., A. SPOTORNO, AND C. ZULETA. 2014 b. Natural history of the Chinchilla genus (Bennett 1829). Considerations of their ecology, taxonomy and conservation status. Gayana 72: 135 - 143." type="journal article" year="2014">Valladares et al. 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</subSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|