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<document id="DA387354D4E5AE99FA4DB94D5936E694" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3718.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30ab63c8-9ce9-43c1-ba33-112083b3901e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="216309" ID-ZooBank="87B12108-9A55-487B-9C47-48CAA711A9F6" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460685726721" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gill, Anthony C." docDate="2013" docId="D471245E136EFFAEA5A9F9AC03672586" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03718p136.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3718 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Assiculoides" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="131" masterDocId="28485C26136CFFADA53EFF990069242B" masterDocTitle="Classification and relationships of Assiculus and Assiculoides (Teleostei: Pseudochromidae)" masterLastPageNumber="136" masterPageNumber="128" pageNumber="130" updateTime="1698351196763" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="82842688248F1BBD41064621D34F8D83">Classification and relationships of Assiculus and Assiculoides (Teleostei: Pseudochromidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4F716A76D7209303906D27696131AA0E">Gill, Anthony C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9BE6A8A33A779F86C857447D18ACD6C1">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="D471245E136EFFAEA5A9F9AC03672586" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6155244" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119579006" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6155244" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D471245E136EFFAEA5A9F9AC03672586" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D471245E136EFFAEA5A9F9AC03672586" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">
<subSubSection id="14C2C6C3136EFFAEA5A9F9AC03672586" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5C679548136EFFAFA5A9F9AC0395227B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1589,2009]" box="[151,1020,1589,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">
<heading id="072F2224136EFFAFA5A9F9AC0395227B" bold="true" box="[151,1020,1589,1616]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136EFFAFA5A9F9AC0395227B" bold="true" box="[151,1020,1589,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136EFFAFA5A9F9AC01442264" ID-CoL="347X" box="[151,301,1589,1615]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136EFFAFA5A9F9AC01442264" bold="true" box="[151,301,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Assiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136EFFAFA472F9AF025B227B" box="[332,562,1590,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudoplesiopinae">Pseudoplesiopinae</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136EFFAFA76FF9AF0374227B" box="[593,797,1590,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Anisochrominae">Anisochrominae</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136EFFAFA603F9AF0395227B" box="[829,1020,1590,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Congrogadinae">Congrogadinae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C679548136EFFAFA5F9F9C002D422BE" blockId="2.[151,1436,1589,2009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">
A relationship of
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136EFFAFA498F9C0025B225A" box="[422,562,1625,1649]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136EFFAFA498F9C0025B225A" box="[422,562,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Assiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136EFFAFA7A4F9C10303225A" box="[666,874,1624,1649]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudoplesiopinae">Pseudoplesiopinae</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136EFFAFA6A4F9C1043A225A" box="[922,1107,1624,1649]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Anisochrominae">Anisochrominae</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136EFFAFA1BDF9C10547225A" box="[1155,1326,1624,1649]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Congrogadinae">Congrogadinae</taxonomicName>
clade is supported by the following two synapomorphies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C679548136EFFAFA5F9F938041D23F2" blockId="2.[151,1436,1589,2009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">
3. Infraorbital bones five or fewer: Although Godkin and Winterbottom (1985: 641) reported that pseudochromines have five infraorbitals,
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136EFFAFA7A2F95C036F22F6" box="[668,774,1733,1757]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136EFFAFA7A2F95C036F22F6" box="[668,774,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Assiculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other pseudochromines except
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136EFFAFA1E4F95C050F22F6" box="[1242,1382,1733,1757]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136EFFAFA1E4F95C050F22F6" box="[1242,1382,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Assiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are plesiomorphic in having six infraorbital bones (which includes the dermosphenotic and “lachrymal”) (
<figureCitation id="C4E389CD136EFFAFA029F9710511232A" box="[1303,1400,1768,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,287,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[234,1353,279,1922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lateral view of left infraorbital bones of: (A) Assiculus punctatus, NTM S. 10016 - 009, 32.2 mm SL (redrawn from Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997: fig. 1 B); (B) Assiculoides desmonotus, WAM P. 30929 - 008, 41.3 mm SL, paratype (redrawn from Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997: fig. 1 A)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216313/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Figure 4</figureCitation>
A).
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136EFFAFA5A9F894014A230E" box="[151,291,1805,1829]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136EFFAFA5A9F894014A230E" box="[151,291,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Assiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other subfamilies are derived in having fewer infraorbitals: five in
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136EFFAFA142F8940561230E" box="[1148,1288,1805,1829]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136EFFAFA142F8940561230E" box="[1148,1288,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Assiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C4E389CD136EFFAFA029F8940513230E" box="[1303,1402,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[234,1352,287,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[234,1353,279,1922]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lateral view of left infraorbital bones of: (A) Assiculus punctatus, NTM S. 10016 - 009, 32.2 mm SL (redrawn from Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997: fig. 1 B); (B) Assiculoides desmonotus, WAM P. 30929 - 008, 41.3 mm SL, paratype (redrawn from Gill &amp; Hutchins 1997: fig. 1 A)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216313/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">Figure 4</figureCitation>
B); four or five in pseudoplesiopines (Gill &amp; Edwards 1999: fig. 10, Gill &amp; Edwards 2004: fig. 2); three to five in anisochromines (Springer
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136EFFAFA481F8CF019E2346" box="[447,503,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="130">et al.</emphasis>
1977); one to five in congrogadines (Godkin &amp; Winterbottom 1985, Winterbottom 1996). Comparison of the construction of infraorbitals (particularly the consistent – and plesiomorphic – presence of a prominent suborbital shelf on infraorbital 3) and the relative sizes of posterior infraorbitals suggests that the reduction from a six infraorbital condition is a result of “fusion” of infraorbitals 4 and 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C679548136FFFAEA5F9FF0103672586" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="131">
4. Haemal spine of preural vertebra 2 attached to centrum:
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136FFFAEA6AFFF010392249B" box="[913,1019,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136FFFAEA6AFFF010392249B" box="[913,1019,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="131">Assiculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other pseudochromines except
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136FFFAEA5A9FF25014A24FF" box="[151,291,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136FFFAEA5A9FF25014A24FF" box="[151,291,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="131">Assiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are plesiomorphic in having the haemal spine of pu2 autogenous (
<figureCitation id="C4E389CD136FFFAEA13DFF25040424FF" box="[1027,1133,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1437,1459]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,541,1401]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[153,1438,541,1401]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Left lateral view of caudal skeletons of: (A) Pseudochromis fuscus Müller &amp; Troschel (1849) (Pseudochrominae), AMS I. 18469 - 044, 48.0 mm SL; (B) Assiculus punctatus, NTM S. 10016 - 009, 32.2 mm SL. Cartilage shown in dark grey. Outer principal caudal-fin rays indicated by arrows. Abbreviations: EP 1 – 3, epurals 1 – 3; H 1 – 5, hypurals 1 – 5; HSP, haemal spines; NSP, neural spines; PH, parhypural; PU 2 – 3, preural centra 2 – 3; UC, compound urostylar complex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216311/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="131">Figures 2</figureCitation>
A–B). It is also autogenous in some specimens of the congrogadine genera
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136FFFAEA7EAFF79040B24D3" authority="Winterbottom (1980)" authorityName="Winterbottom" authorityYear="1980" box="[724,1122,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Natalichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136FFFAEA7EAFF79030824D3" box="[724,865,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="131">Natalichthys</emphasis>
Winterbottom (1980)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136FFFAEA19AFF79054124D3" box="[1188,1320,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Halidesmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136FFFAEA19AFF79054124D3" box="[1188,1320,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="131">Halidesmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it is attached to the pu2 centrum in all other congrogadines and in
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136FFFAEA670FE9D03B32537" box="[846,986,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" genus="Assiculoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136FFFAEA670FE9D03B32537" box="[846,986,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="131">Assiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, anisochromines and pseudoplesiopines (
<figureCitation id="C4E389CD136FFFAEA5A0FEBE0160256B" box="[158,265,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1375,1397]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1352]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,481,1353]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Left lateral view of caudal skeletons of Assiculoides desmonotus: (A) WAM P. 30929 - 008, 41.3 mm SL, paratype, with short pu 2 neural spine; (B) WAM P. 30929 - 008, 46.2 mm SL, paratype, with long pu 2 neural spine. UNF, uroneural fragment. Other methods of presentation follow Figure 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/216312/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="131">Figures 3</figureCitation>
A–B, Springer
<emphasis id="6EAC495A136FFFAEA487FEB0019A256B" box="[441,499,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="131">et al.</emphasis>
1977, Godkin &amp; Winterbottom 1985, Gill &amp; Edwards 1999, Gill &amp; Fricke 2001). Variation within the
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136FFFAEA4BAFED50246254E" box="[388,559,332,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Congrogadinae">Congrogadinae</taxonomicName>
is not unexpected given their eel-like shape (see discussion of character 1). This character was previously identified by Godkin and Winterbottom as a synapomorphy of the
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136FFFAEA5A9FE0D010E2586" box="[151,359,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudoplesiopinae">Pseudoplesiopinae</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136FFFAEA4BBFE0D02572586" box="[389,574,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Anisochrominae">Anisochrominae</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="9BD8EECB136FFFAEA762FE0D03622586" box="[604,779,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pseudochromidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Congrogadinae">Congrogadinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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