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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.171.2137" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0585619-a4fc-4b05-8ade-38830fafde91" ID-PMC="PMC3288680" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-171-1" ID-PubMed="22423193" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-171-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 171" ModsDocTitle="A new species of spider fly in the genus Sabroskya Schlinger from Malawi, with a key to Acrocerinae world genera (Diptera, Acroceridae)" checkinTime="1451249330753" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Winterton, Shaun L. &amp; Gillung, Jessica P." docDate="2012" docId="EA22F52814E4DF313600D471BC1E73CE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 171: 1-15" docOrigin="ZooKeys 171" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.171.2137" docTitle="Sabroskya Schlinger" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="7077756B0051A7484C52FF91E712492C" masterDocTitle="A new species of spider fly in the genus Sabroskya Schlinger from Malawi, with a key to Acrocerinae world genera (Diptera, Acroceridae)" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1668153258954" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of spider fly in the genus Sabroskya Schlinger from Malawi, with a key to Acrocerinae world genera (Diptera, Acroceridae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gillung, Jessica P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>171</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>15</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.171.2137</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.171.2137</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-171-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033322" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA22F52814E4DF313600D471BC1E73CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA22F52814E4DF313600D471BC1E73CE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Sabroskya" authority="Schlinger" class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sabroskya Schlinger</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya ogcodoides" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogcodoides">Sabroskya ogcodoides</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Schlinger, EI" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="57 - 67" title="Additional notes on the South African acrocerid fauna, with descriptions of new species of Acrocera Meigen and Psilodera Gray (Diptera)" url="http://content.sabinet.co.za/u?/03040798,809" volume="15" year="1960 b">Schlinger 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 479 by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Body length: 6.0-7.0 mm. Body shape not arched. Head width slightly narrower than thorax; sub-spherical; postocular ridge and occiput rounded; three ocelli; posterior margin of eye rounded; eye pilose (dense); eyes contiguous above antennal base; antennae located adjacent to mouthparts; palpus present or absent; proboscis length less than head length, with sparse setal pile; flagellum stylate, apex with relatively large terminal seta; postpronotal lobes not enlarged or contiguous medially; antenotum expanded, collar-like behind head; subscutellum relatively enlarged; tibial spines absent; pulvilli present; wing hyaline or slightly smoky infuscate, markings absent; costa ending near wing apex; costal margin straight; humeral crossvein absent; R1 very slightly inflated at pterostigma; R2+3 present or absent; veins R4 and R5 present as single vein R4+5; radial veins straight, complete to wing margin; crossvein 2r-m present between M1 and R4+5, bisecting cell r4+5, cell formed by 2r-m narrow elongate; medial vein compliment: M1, M2 and M3 present (M3 fused with CuA1), medial veins may or
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">may</pageBreakToken>
not reach wing margin; discal cell closed completely; cell m3 absent; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin, petiolate; wing microtrichia absent; anal lobe well developed; alula well developed; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded; abdomen rounded, inflated, slightly wider than thorax.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sabroskya</taxonomicName>
is a highly specialized
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acrocerinae">Acrocerinae</taxonomicName>
spider fly genus morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Meruia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meruia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Meruia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Ogcodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ogcodes" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ogcodes</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Glaesoncodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glaesoncodes" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Glaesoncodes</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterodontia</taxonomicName>
. These five genera all have stylate antennae located on the lower side of the head adjacent to the often reduced or absent mouthparts. Other acrocerine genera related to this clade include
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Turbopsebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turbopsebius" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Turbopsebius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Opsebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opsebius" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opsebius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Villalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Villalus" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Villalus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Acrocera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrocera" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acrocera</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sphaerops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerops" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphaerops</taxonomicName>
, all of which have a wing venation lacking cell m3. The Baltic amber genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Glaesoncodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glaesoncodes" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Glaesoncodes</taxonomicName>
is unique among this acrocerine clade as the wing retains remnants of cell m3, with spur veins present in cell d+m3 (
<bibRefCitation author="Hennig, W" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde aus dem Staatlichen Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 6" title="Ein weiterer Vertreter der Familie Acroceridae im Baltischen Bernstein (Diptera: Brachycera)." volume="185" year="1968">Hennig 1968</bibRefCitation>
); similar remnants of m3 can also be found in more distantly related
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Turbopsebius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turbopsebius" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Turbopsebius</taxonomicName>
. This provides important insights into the evolution of acrocerid wing venation, suggesting rampant reduction in number of cells and veins through loss or fusion, and can be found in derived clades in all three extant subfamilies (
<bibRefCitation author="Winterton, SL" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="808 - 832" title="Phylogeny and Bayesian divergence time estimations of small-headed flies (Diptera: Acroceridae) using multiple molecular markers." url="doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.015" volume="43" year="2007">Winterton et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Gillung, JP" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="15 - 27" title="New genera of philopotine spider flies (Diptera: Acroceridae) with a key to living and fossil genera." url="doi: 10.3897/zookeys.127.1824" volume="127" year="2011">Gillung and Winterton 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
In
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterodontia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sabroskya</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Ogcodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ogcodes" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ogcodes</taxonomicName>
the costal margin has a membranous rim or flange between R1 and wing apex (Figs 2-3). This character still needs to be confirmed in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Meruia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meruia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Meruia</taxonomicName>
, but appears to be likely a synapomorphy for the group. The putative sister genus to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sabroskya</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Meruia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meruia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Meruia</taxonomicName>
, and both have similar wing venation comprising well defined and complete discal and basal r4+5 wing cells. These cells are absent in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Ogcodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ogcodes" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ogcodes</taxonomicName>
and are fused to form a single cell in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Pterodontia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterodontia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pterodontia</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sabroskya</taxonomicName>
can be immediately identified from other acrocerine genera by the presence of a cervical collar, antennae located adjacent to mouthparts, R4+5 straight, cell m3 absent and discal and basal r4+5 cells separate and closed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<bibRefCitation author="Schlinger, EI" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="459 - 504" title="A review of the South African Acroceridae (Diptera)" url="http://content.sabinet.co.za/u?/03040798,876" volume="14" year="1960 a">Schlinger (1960a)</bibRefCitation>
described the antennal flagellum of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sabroskya</taxonomicName>
as stylate without a terminal seta, and with a large subterminal seta on the lateral surface of the flagellum. Detailed examination of the topotype series of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya ogcodoides" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogcodoides">Sabroskya ogcodoides</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Schlinger, EI" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="57 - 67" title="Additional notes on the South African acrocerid fauna, with descriptions of new species of Acrocera Meigen and Psilodera Gray (Diptera)" url="http://content.sabinet.co.za/u?/03040798,809" volume="15" year="1960 b">Schlinger 1960b</bibRefCitation>
) shows a similar condition as found in both
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya schlingeri" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schlingeri">Sabroskya schlingeri</taxonomicName>
sp. n. and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya palpalis" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpalis">Sabroskya palpalis</taxonomicName>
, with the flagellum actually having large terminal setae present (Fig. 3C) (see also
<bibRefCitation author="Grimaldi, DA" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitiates" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 8" title="A remarkable new species of Ogcodes (Diptera: Acroceridae) in Dominican amber." volume="3127" year="1995">Grimaldi (1995</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5)). Only in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya palpalis" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpalis">Sabroskya palpalis</taxonomicName>
are palpi present while in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya ogcodoides" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogcodoides">Sabroskya ogcodoides</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya schlingeri" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schlingeri">Sabroskya schlingeri</taxonomicName>
sp. n., the palpi are absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="included species">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Included species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya ogcodoides" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogcodoides">Sabroskya ogcodoides</taxonomicName>
Schlinger, 1960;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya palpalis" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpalis">Sabroskya palpalis</taxonomicName>
Barraclough, 1984;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya schlingeri" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schlingeri">Sabroskya schlingeri</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="key to species of sabroskya">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Key to species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sabroskya</taxonomicName>
..
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
(Females are unknown for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya palpalis" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpalis">Sabroskya palpalis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya schlingeri" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schlingeri">Sabroskya schlingeri</taxonomicName>
sp. n.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<table lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya palpalis" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palpalis">Sabroskya palpalis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">Fig. 3C</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">2</pageBreakToken>
+3 Fig. 3BFigs 36
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya schlingeri" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schlingeri">Sabroskya schlingeri</taxonomicName>
.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">2+3 Fig. 3AFigs 710</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acroceridae" genus="Sabroskya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sabroskya ogcodoides" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ogcodoides">Sabroskya ogcodoides</taxonomicName>
0
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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