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<document id="5B4DBA3F35D39E3EA9B531758ADA6AE5" ID-CLB-Dataset="50845" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.170249" ID-GBIF-Dataset="de6d16f3-5c27-47ef-af97-c70c76138d3c" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="170249" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459752749865" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lehnert, Helmut, Stone, Robert &amp; Heimler, Wolfgang" docDate="2005" docId="03CC785FFF884A21385BFEC5FE19F61B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01068p038.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1068" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Plakina tanaga Lehnert, Stone &amp; Heimler, 2005, n.sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFF50027FF8A4A223953FFD9FFEEF24D" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Plakina Schulze, 1880 (Porifera, Plakinidae) from the Aleutian Islands (Alaska, USA)" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698216589755" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F77EDE4A7B68BE81A98459279986B3F9">Two new species of Plakina Schulze, 1880 (Porifera, Plakinidae) from the Aleutian Islands (Alaska, USA)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B9EFAB05DD6B3EFE1789F217F61F3B90" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="96369FFEC41474261DDDD9905D321620">Lehnert, Helmut</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="C32828BF6D0577D087DC0ED560D44128">Stone, Robert</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="27801744C3A83E66796AC0C4ACB5677C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="88F99CFDD97E629A1C1C97C847E49239">Heimler, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="148F2AE1A8AB64A794C8B006B9882823">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="57D9A7C40BFCA0FA38F1C89D902512CF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3F524E0544ADCEC681C189DCAAE2FAA2">
<mods:date id="86DFE3748D4B62CAD63765788D1CBE15">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1E4614A5BC1B4254D739048C82E361F9" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4120374F1C637EA081A15E9A006F20C4">1068</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="07E3EA980B27CB5C1EA2F4CC447A3F4D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F179CD5762BDA4BE28B5B90F6396CCE8" type="CLB-Dataset">50845</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E558829CF62AD79CD806EDE116F3317F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.170249</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8694AFEE717898FFA2CEB9B335A790FC" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4AF0629535F1E66AC84CB684B9CEE259" type="Zenodo-Dep">170249</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CC785FFF884A21385BFEC5FE19F61B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6266657" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119338151" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6266657" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC785FFF884A21385BFEC5FE19F61B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC785FFF884A21385BFEC5FE19F61B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<subSubSection id="C37F9AC2FF884A20385BFEC5FDEDF378" box="[264,515,283,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDAC949FF884A20385BFEC5FDEDF378" blockId="2.[264,515,283,310]" box="[264,515,283,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D0927E25FF884A20385BFEC5FDEDF378" bold="true" box="[264,515,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A20385BFEC5FDEDF378" bold="true" box="[264,515,283,310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A20385BFEC5FE2FF37B" ID-CoL="4JHYQ" box="[264,449,284,310]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanaga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A20385BFEC5FE2FF37B" bold="true" box="[264,449,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Plakina tanaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222A820FF884A20389BFEC2FDEDF378" box="[456,515,283,309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F9AC2FF884A21385BFEB8FE19F61B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDAC949FF884A20385BFEB8FBD9F386" blockId="2.[264,1324,353,1867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
Material:
<typeStatus id="54DE77EBFF884A20382EFEB8FE06F336" box="[381,488,353,379]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: 6204­18­12, collected by HL in Little
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203A94FEB8FBF5F336" box="[967,1051,353,379]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanaga">Tanaga</taxonomicName>
Strait (
<geoCoordinate id="EE51AF8EFF884A203D24FEB8FAC8F336" box="[1143,1318,353,379]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" precision="1" value="51.87072">51°52`14.6``N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE51AF8EFF884A20385BFE50FE5AF3EE" box="[264,436,393,419]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" precision="15" value="-176.26167">176°15`42``W</geoCoordinate>
) at
<quantity id="4C9D64ACFF884A2038B5FE50FDDDF3EE" box="[486,563,393,419]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="146.0">146 m</quantity>
depth. The
<typeStatus id="54DE77EBFF884A203B94FE50FCC0F3EE" box="[711,814,393,419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is deposited at the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt/Main,
<collectingCountry id="F37289D9FF884A20389FFE68FDD7F386" box="[460,569,433,459]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Germany</collectingCountry>
under the registration number
<collectionCode id="ED74518CFF884A203AF7FE68FC31F386" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[932,991,433,459]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">SMF</collectionCode>
10323.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC949FF884A20386BFE00FB64F12E" blockId="2.[264,1324,353,1867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
Description: The
<typeStatus id="54DE77EBFF884A203B57FE00FD84F3BE" box="[516,618,473,499]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is a fragment of a larger sponge, scraped off the surface of a vertical bedrock wall. In life, it is a beige or light brown encrusting sponge (
<figureCitation id="135ED5CCFF884A203DE3FDD8FB16F056" box="[1200,1272,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[416,1172,1169,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[416,1172,1169,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Plakina tanaga n. sp. In situ in Little Tanaga Strait at 146 m depth encrusting a vertical bedrock wall with numerous other invertebrates. Width of photo approx. 38 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). In ethanol it is still light brown with reddish tinges in the interior. It is common on vertical and overhanging sides of bedrock and boulders and covers relatively large areas (approx. up to
<quantity id="4C9D64ACFF884A20381FFD58FE7EF0D6" box="[332,400,641,667]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
2) with a thickness of approx.
<quantity id="4C9D64ACFF884A203BA5FD58FC8BF0D6" box="[758,869,641,667]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 cm</quantity>
. It has a convoluted surface with deep grooves between strands with a microtuberculated surface, thus somewhat rough to the touch. Tubercles are 120–440 µm in height and 60–320 µm in diameter and closely spaced. It’s consistency is cheese­like, only slightly compressible. The interior is dense. No oscules were visible on the fragment collected but, video sequences obtained show circular oscules,
<quantity id="4C9D64ACFF884A20389DFC90FDC1F12E" box="[462,559,841,867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
in diameter, that are flush with the surface (
<figureCitation id="135ED5CCFF884A203D67FC90FB97F12E" box="[1076,1145,841,867]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[416,1172,1169,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[416,1172,1169,1808]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Plakina tanaga n. sp. In situ in Little Tanaga Strait at 146 m depth encrusting a vertical bedrock wall with numerous other invertebrates. Width of photo approx. 38 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170250/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC949FF884A20386BFCA8FACFF6BE" blockId="2.[264,1324,353,1867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
The ectosome is packed with lophocalthrops in a layer 20–250 µm in thickness. Spicule categories are diods, triods, calthrops and lophocalthrops. Diods are characteristically bent, often centrotylote or, with a reduced third ray in the form of a spine. Dimensions are 85–
<date id="FFDBEF89FF884A203B10FC30FD8EF64E" box="[579,608,1001,1027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" value="1997-10-02" valueMax="1997-10-04" valueMin="1997-10-02">97</date>
x 2–4 µm (
<figureCitation id="135ED5CCFF884A203BBCFC30FCD7F64E" box="[751,825,1001,1027]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1003,1027]" captionTargetBox="[468,1118,329,979]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[468,1119,329,980]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plakina tanaga n. sp. Smooth oxeas, triods and calthrops and trilophose." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170251/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Triods occur in two categories: smooth, thinner triods, measuring 24–
<date id="FFDBEF89FF884A203B3FFBC8FD67F666" box="[620,649,1041,1067]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" value="1950-10-02" valueMax="1950-10-05" valueMin="1950-10-02">50</date>
x 2–5 µm/ray and thicker triods, often with one short, slender spine near the base of each ray, 22–
<date id="FFDBEF89FF884A203BADFBE0FCF5F61E" box="[766,795,1081,1107]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" value="1938-10-07" valueMax="1938-10-09" valueMin="1938-10-07">38</date>
x 7–9 µm (
<figureCitation id="135ED5CCFF884A203ACCFBE0FC09F61E" box="[927,999,1081,1107]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[420,1166,1101,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[420,1167,1101,1848]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plakina tanaga n. sp. Weakly spined triods and trilophose calthrops." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170252/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Calthrops (
<figureCitation id="135ED5CCFF884A203D2EFBE0FB2DF61E" box="[1149,1219,1081,1107]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1003,1027]" captionTargetBox="[468,1118,329,979]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[468,1119,329,980]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plakina tanaga n. sp. Smooth oxeas, triods and calthrops and trilophose." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170251/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) are rare and the rays have the same dimensions as those of the triods. Trilophose calthrops are abundant, the non­lophose ray is sometimes bifurcate. Lophose rays are tetrafurcate and, again microfurcate at the points (
<figureCitation id="135ED5CCFF884A203BCBFB68FD0DF686" box="[664,739,1201,1227]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[264,367,972,996]" captionTargetBox="[483,1104,329,949]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[483,1104,329,949]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Plakina tanaga n. sp. Trilophose calthrops with tetrafurcate lophose rays and biforked non­lophose ray." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170253/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Lophocalthrops are smaller than the triods and concentrated in the ectosome. Total length of lophocalthrops is 28–42 µm (
<figureCitation id="135ED5CCFF884A203D2BFB00FB27F6BE" box="[1144,1225,1241,1267]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1878,1902]" captionTargetBox="[420,1166,1101,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[420,1167,1101,1848]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Plakina tanaga n. sp. Weakly spined triods and trilophose calthrops." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170252/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="135ED5CCFF884A203C52FB00FAFDF6BE" box="[1281,1299,1241,1267]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[264,367,972,996]" captionTargetBox="[483,1104,329,949]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[483,1104,329,949]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Plakina tanaga n. sp. Trilophose calthrops with tetrafurcate lophose rays and biforked non­lophose ray." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170253/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC949FF884A20386BFAD8FE19F7F6" blockId="2.[264,1324,353,1867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
Discussion: This species belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203A47FAD8FC36F757" box="[788,984,1281,1306]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trilopha">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203A47FAD8FC36F757" box="[788,984,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Plakina trilopha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
­ complex.
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203D3BFAD8FAC4F757" box="[1128,1322,1281,1306]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trilopha">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203D3BFAD8FAC4F757" box="[1128,1322,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Plakina trilopha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a Mediterranean species and differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203A47FAF0FC6DF70F" box="[788,899,1321,1346]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanaga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203A47FAF0FC6DF70F" box="[788,899,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. tanaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203ADFFAF0FC29F70E" bold="true" box="[908,967,1321,1347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222A820FF884A203ADFFAF0FC29F70E" box="[908,967,1321,1347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in its white color and smooth surface. Additionally, spicule sizes differ considerably (cf. Tab. 1) and, the lophocalthrops of
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A20387FFAA0FE44F7DF" box="[300,426,1401,1426]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trilopha">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A20387FFAA0FE44F7DF" box="[300,426,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. trilopha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are mono­, di­, tri­ and tetralophose while
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203A92FAA0FBDCF7DF" box="[961,1074,1401,1426]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanaga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203A92FAA0FBDCF7DF" box="[961,1074,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. tanaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203D6EFAA0FB97F7DE" bold="true" box="[1085,1145,1401,1427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222A820FF884A203D6EFAA0FB97F7DE" box="[1085,1145,1401,1427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has trilophose lophocalthrops only.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC949FF884A21386BFA10FE08F193" blockId="2.[264,1324,353,1867]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1325,283,1110]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
The three species
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203B5CFA10FD6CF7AF" box="[527,642,1481,1506]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203B5CFA10FD6CF7AF" box="[527,642,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. fragilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203BC0FA10FCAEF7AF" box="[659,832,1481,1506]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microlobata">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203BC0FA10FCAEF7AF" box="[659,832,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. microlobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203A2FFA10FC16F7AF" box="[892,1016,1481,1506]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203A2FFA10FC16F7AF" box="[892,1016,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known only from the Galapagos Islands. They are much thinner encrusting forms than
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203D40FA28FB6CF447" box="[1043,1154,1521,1546]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanaga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203D40FA28FB6CF447" box="[1043,1154,1521,1546]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. tanaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203DD8FA28FB28F446" bold="true" box="[1163,1222,1521,1547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222A820FF884A203DD8FA28FB28F446" box="[1163,1222,1521,1547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<quantity id="4C9D64ACFF884A203D85FA28FAC5F446" box="[1238,1323,1521,1547]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3mm</quantity>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203860F9C0FE4AF47F" box="[307,420,1561,1586]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203860F9C0FE4AF47F" box="[307,420,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. fragilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="4C9D64ACFF884A2038E7F9C0FDE7F47E" box="[436,521,1561,1587]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1­3mm</quantity>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203B6FF9C0FD06F47F" box="[572,744,1561,1586]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microlobata">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203B6FF9C0FD06F47F" box="[572,744,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. microlobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and do not share the convoluted surface pattern of
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A20387EF998FE4FF417" box="[301,417,1601,1626]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanaga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A20387EF998FE4FF417" box="[301,417,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. tanaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A2038FDF998FE07F416" bold="true" box="[430,489,1601,1627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222A820FF884A2038FDF998FE07F416" box="[430,489,1601,1627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A2038AFF998FD43F417" box="[508,685,1601,1626]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microlobata">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A2038AFF998FD43F417" box="[508,685,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. microlobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs in having smooth triods and dilophose calthrops only.
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203896F9B0FDA8F4CF" box="[453,582,1641,1666]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203896F9B0FDA8F4CF" box="[453,582,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has monolophose calthrops.
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203AFEF9B0FBCAF4CF" box="[941,1060,1641,1666]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203AFEF9B0FBCAF4CF" box="[941,1060,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. fragilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares the trilophose calthrops in which the non­lophose ray tends to be bifurcate with
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203D1AF948FB53F4E7" box="[1097,1213,1681,1706]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanaga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203D1AF948FB53F4E7" box="[1097,1213,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. tanaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203D99F948FAE8F4E6" bold="true" box="[1226,1286,1681,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222A820FF884A203D99F948FAE8F4E6" box="[1226,1286,1681,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
In addition to the differences in growth form, the lophocalthrops of
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203D55F960FB97F49F" box="[1030,1145,1721,1746]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fragilis">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203D55F960FB97F49F" box="[1030,1145,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. fragilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have trifurcate rays rather than the tetrafurcate rays in
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203BBDF938FCB1F4B7" box="[750,863,1761,1786]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanaga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203BBDF938FCB1F4B7" box="[750,863,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. tanaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203A38F938FC48F4B6" bold="true" box="[875,934,1761,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222A820FF884A203A38F938FC48F4B6" box="[875,934,1761,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203AE3F938FB8AF4B7" box="[944,1124,1761,1786]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bioxea">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203AE3F938FB8AF4B7" box="[944,1124,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Plakina bioxea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from California differs in the occurrence of two size categories of oxeas, one of them considerably larger than in all known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203B2EF8E8FD36F507" box="[637,728,1841,1866]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203B2EF8E8FD36F507" box="[637,728,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Plakina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF884A203BBEF8E8FCB0F507" box="[749,862,1841,1866]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bioxea">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF884A203BBEF8E8FCB0F507" box="[749,862,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. bioxea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has small mono­, di­ and trilophose calthrops whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A2138BCFEC5FD8DF378" box="[495,611,284,309]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanaga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A2138BCFEC5FD8DF378" box="[495,611,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P. tanaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A213B22FEC2FD42F378" bold="true" box="[625,684,283,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222A820FF894A213B22FEC2FD42F378" box="[625,684,283,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has trilophose calthrops only. Basal spicular tracts described for
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A2138FCFE9DFDF3F310" box="[431,541,324,349]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bioxea">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A2138FCFE9DFDF3F310" box="[431,541,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P. bioxea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not present in
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A213A57FE9DFC9BF310" box="[772,885,324,349]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanaga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A213A57FE9DFC9BF310" box="[772,885,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P. tanaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A213AD3FE9AFC55F310" bold="true" box="[896,955,323,349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222A820FF894A213AD3FE9AFC55F310" box="[896,955,323,349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A213A97FE9DFB63F310" box="[964,1165,324,349]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tetralophoides">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A213A97FE9DFB63F310" box="[964,1165,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P. tetralophoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was initially described as
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A2138F5FEB5FDAEF3C8" box="[422,576,364,389]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tetralopha">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A2138F5FEB5FDAEF3C8" box="[422,576,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P. tetralopha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Tanita &amp; Hoshino (1988) from Sagami Bay,
<collectingCountry id="F37289D9FF894A213DC5FEB5FB37F3CB" box="[1174,1241,364,390]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Japan</collectingCountry>
and is geographically the closest record of a congener to the species presented here.
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A213C46FE4DFE5FF398" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tetralophoides">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A213C46FE4DFE5FF398" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P. tetralophoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in being a “petaline” sponge, only
<quantity id="4C9D64ACFF894A213A96FE65FBEFF39B" box="[965,1025,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="3.0">3mm</quantity>
in thickness and
<quantity id="4C9D64ACFF894A213D8DFE65FAC7F39B" box="[1246,1321,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="15.0">15mm</quantity>
height with a smooth surface. In spiculation,
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A213A7DFE3DFC19F3B0" box="[814,1015,484,509]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tetralophoides">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A213A7DFE3DFC19F3B0" box="[814,1015,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P. tetralophoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having smaller tetralophose calthrops.
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A213B48FDD5FD20F068" box="[539,718,524,549]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="corticolopha">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A213B48FDD5FD20F068" box="[539,718,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P. corticolopha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in color, growth form and spiculation. This species has apart from trilophose calthrops, a large category of spined calthrops only. Diods and triods are lacking completely.
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A213BA6FD85FAE0F03B" authority="Tanita &amp; Hoshino, 1989" authorityName="Tanita &amp; Hoshino" authorityYear="1989" box="[757,1294,604,630]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="monolopha">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A213BA6FD85FC77F038" box="[757,921,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P. monolopha</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B4B8FF894A213ABEFD85FAE0F03B" author="Tanita" box="[1005,1294,604,630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refString="Tanita, S. &amp; Hoshino, T. (1989) The Demospongiae of Sagami Bay. Biological Laboratory of the Imperial Household of Japan, 166 pp." type="book" year="1989">Tanita &amp; Hoshino, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is described with monolophose calthrops but, judging from their figure of the calthrops (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B4B8FF894A213843FD75FDDFF08B" author="Tanita" box="[272,561,684,710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refString="Tanita, S. &amp; Hoshino, T. (1989) The Demospongiae of Sagami Bay. Biological Laboratory of the Imperial Household of Japan, 166 pp." type="book" year="1989">Tanita &amp; Hoshino, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: p. 12, text­fig. 1c) they are trilophose and therefore, this species also belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A213B54FD0DFD21F0A0" box="[519,719,724,749]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="trilopha">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A213B54FD0DFD21F0A0" box="[519,719,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Plakina trilopha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species­complex.
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A213AE5FD0DFE80F15B" authority="Tanita &amp; Hoshino" authorityName="Tanita &amp; Hoshino" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="monolopha">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A213AE5FD0DFBB0F0A0" box="[950,1118,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P. monolopha</emphasis>
sensu Tanita &amp; Hoshino
</taxonomicName>
, is an erect, conical sponge with a hollow central cavity and so differs considerably in growth form from all other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A213ADAFCFDFC0AF170" box="[905,996,804,829]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A213ADAFCFDFC0AF170" box="[905,996,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Plakina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In spiculation, this species differs in having simple, smooth diods only, and, in the occurrence of smaller triods and smaller trilophose calthrops. Due to the unusual growth form of
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A213AA7FCADFE0CF1FB" authority="Tanita &amp; Hoshino, 1989" authorityName="Tanita &amp; Hoshino" authorityYear="1989" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="monolopha">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A213AA7FCADFB7DF1C0" box="[1012,1171,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P. monolopha</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B4B8FF894A213DB1FCADFE0CF1FB" author="Tanita" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refString="Tanita, S. &amp; Hoshino, T. (1989) The Demospongiae of Sagami Bay. Biological Laboratory of the Imperial Household of Japan, 166 pp." type="book" year="1989">Tanita &amp; Hoshino, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
it seems probable that this species represents another undescribed species of
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A2138D7FC1DFE31F190" box="[388,479,964,989]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911155BFF894A2138D7FC1DFE31F190" box="[388,479,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Plakina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC949FF894A21386BFC35FC9FF64B" blockId="3.[264,1325,283,1110]" box="[312,881,1004,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
Distribution: Known only from the
<typeStatus id="54DE77EBFF894A213B8AFC35FCE5F64B" box="[729,779,1004,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC949FF894A21386BFBCDFE19F61B" blockId="3.[264,1325,283,1110]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
Etymology: Named after the locality ­ Little
<taxonomicName id="4C65B2CAFF894A213A07FBCDFC46F663" box="[852,936,1044,1070]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tanaga">Tanaga</taxonomicName>
Strait ­ where the
<typeStatus id="54DE77EBFF894A213DD8FBCDFB1FF663" box="[1163,1265,1044,1070]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was found and collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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