treatments-xml/data/83/21/87/832187E9FE96FEDEFF7461D4FC88F856.xml

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<mods:title id="74E3C2686B0E819BA5964EE3176C561F">Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="43926574FE96FEDFFF7461D4FE1DFC4D" box="[151,468,980,1006]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE96FEDFFF7461D4FE1DFC4D" blockId="284.[151,468,980,1006]" box="[151,468,980,1006]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">
<heading id="507F8193FE96FEDFFF7461D4FE1DFC4D" bold="true" box="[151,468,980,1006]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE96FEDFFF7461D4FE1DFC4D" authority="Eichler, 1938" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,468,980,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFF7461D4FE1DFC4D" bold="true" box="[151,468,980,1006]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFF7461D4FEE5FC4D" bold="true" box="[151,300,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Bizarrifrons</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE96FEDFFED161D4FE1DFC4D" author="Eichler" box="[306,468,980,1006]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" refString="Eichler, W. (1938) Bizarrifrons nov. gen., eine bemerkenswerte asymmetrische Federlingsgattung von Icteriden. (Betrachtungen uber morphologische Besonderheiten bei Mallophagen. I.). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 124, 225 - 236." type="journal article" year="1938">Eichler, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="43926574FE96FEDFFF74661AFE10FBCD" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE96FEDFFF74661AFE10FBCD" blockId="284.[151,598,1050,1134]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FE96FEDFFF74661AFE10FBCD" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE96FEDFFF74661AFE13FB93" authority="Nitzsch, 1818: 289" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityPageNumber="289" authorityYear="1818" box="[151,474,1050,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Docophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFF74661AFEDDFB93" box="[151,276,1050,1072]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Docophorus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE96FEDFFEF9661AFE13FB93" author="Nitzsch" box="[282,474,1050,1072]" page="289" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" year="1818">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE96FEDFFEF9661AFE63FB93" author="Nitzsch" box="[282,426,1050,1072]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" refString="Nitzsch, C. L. (1818) Die Familien und Gattungen der Theierinsekten (Insecta epizoica); als ein Prodromus einer Naturgeschichte derselben. E. F. Germar's Magazin der Entomologie, 3, 261 - 318." type="journal article" year="1818">Nitzsch, 1818</bibRefCitation>
: 289
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFE0A661BFD8EFB93" box="[489,583,1051,1072]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">in partim</emphasis>
). 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE96FEDFFF74663AFE61FBEC" authority="Nitzsch, 1818: 291" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityPageNumber="291" authorityYear="1818" box="[151,424,1081,1103]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFF74663AFF2BFBEC" box="[151,226,1082,1103]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Nirmus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE96FEDFFF0B6639FE61FBEC" author="Nitzsch" box="[232,424,1081,1103]" page="291" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" year="1818">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE96FEDFFF0B6639FEB1FBEC" author="Nitzsch" box="[232,376,1081,1103]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" refString="Nitzsch, C. L. (1818) Die Familien und Gattungen der Theierinsekten (Insecta epizoica); als ein Prodromus einer Naturgeschichte derselben. E. F. Germar's Magazin der Entomologie, 3, 261 - 318." type="journal article" year="1818">Nitzsch, 1818</bibRefCitation>
: 291
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFE55663AFDDDFBEC" box="[438,532,1082,1103]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">in partim</emphasis>
). 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE96FEDFFF746658FE1FFBCD" authority="Eichler, 1938: 226" authorityName="Eichler" authorityPageNumber="226" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,470,1112,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFF746658FEDBFBCD" box="[151,274,1112,1134]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Bizarrifrons</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE96FEDFFEFB6658FE1FFBCD" author="Eichler" box="[280,470,1112,1134]" page="226" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE96FEDFFEFB6658FE6AFBCD" author="Eichler" box="[280,419,1112,1134]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" refString="Eichler, W. (1938) Bizarrifrons nov. gen., eine bemerkenswerte asymmetrische Federlingsgattung von Icteriden. (Betrachtungen uber morphologische Besonderheiten bei Mallophagen. I.). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 124, 225 - 236." type="journal article" year="1938">Eichler, 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 226
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FE96FEDFFF746695FC3CFB08" box="[151,1013,1173,1195]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE96FEDFFF746695FC3CFB08" blockId="284.[151,1013,1173,1195]" box="[151,1013,1173,1195]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFF746695FEEBFB08" bold="true" box="[151,290,1173,1195]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">
<typeStatus id="D433885DFE96FEDFFF746695FF05FB08" box="[151,204,1173,1195]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE96FEDFFECA6696FDD9FB08" authority="Nitzsch" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1866" box="[297,528,1173,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFECA6696FE75FB08" box="[297,444,1174,1195]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Nirmus magus</emphasis>
Nitzsch
</taxonomicName>
[in 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE96FEDFFDDA6695FD0EFB08" author="Giebel" box="[569,711,1173,1195]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" refString="Giebel, C. (1866) Die im zoologischen Museum der Universitat Halle aufgestellten Epizoen nebst Beobachtungen uber dieselben. Zeitschrift fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 28, 353 - 397." type="journal article" year="1866">Giebel], 1866</bibRefCitation>
: 367, by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FE96FEDFFF7466D7FDFDFADC" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE96FEDFFF7466D7FDFDFADC" blockId="284.[151,1437,1239,2024]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFF7466D7FED8FB53" bold="true" box="[151,273,1239,1264]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFEFA66D8FE5FFB53" box="[281,406,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Biarrifrons</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFE96FEDFFE4566D7FDF6FB53" box="[422,575,1239,1264]" captionStart="FIGURES 477 – 478" captionStartId="288.[151,264,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[235,1401,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@288.[151,1436,193,1759]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURES 477 – 478. Bizarrifrons sp. ex Psarocolius bifasciatus yuracares: 477, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views (thin dotted lines depict extent of pigmentation on tergites). 478, male genitalia, dorsal view (ventral setae transposed to dorsal surface for clarity)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883410/files/figure.png" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Fig. 477–478</figureCitation>
) is separated from all other genera treated here except 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE96FEDFFB4C66D7FA8DFB53" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[1199,1348,1239,1264]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" genus="Manuodicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFB4C66D7FA8DFB53" box="[1199,1348,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Manuodicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FE96FEDFFAAF66D7FA52FB53" box="[1356,1435,1239,1264]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFAAF66D7FA52FB53" bold="true" box="[1356,1435,1239,1264]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">n. gen.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFE96FEDFFF7C66FCFEF4FAB6" box="[159,317,1276,1301]" captionStart="FIGURES 453 – 456" captionStartId="272.[151,264,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[187,1424,203,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@272.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="272" captionText="FIGURES 453 – 456. Manucodicola acantharx n. gen. &amp; n. sp. ex Manucodia ater ater: 453, male head, dorsal and ventral views, 454, dorsal view of frons. 455, partial male genitalia, ventral view; (parameres exclude, distorted in all males examined). 456, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883398/files/figure.png" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Figs 453–454</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFE96FEDFFEAB66FCFE65FAB6" box="[328,428,1276,1301]" captionStart="FIGURES 459 – 462" captionStartId="275.[151,264,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[204,1360,211,1874]" captionTargetId="figure@275.[182,1404,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURES 459 – 462 Manucodicola semiramisae n. gen. &amp; n. sp. ex Phonygammus keraudrenii purpureoviolaceus: 459, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 460, dorsal view of frons. 461, partial male genitalia, ventral view (parameres excluded, distorted in all males examined). 462, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883400/files/figure.png" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">459–460</figureCitation>
) by the asymmetrical frons. As in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE96FEDFFCCC66FCFC18FAB6" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[815,977,1276,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Manucodicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="284" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFCCC66FCFC18FAB6" box="[815,977,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Manucodicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFE96FEDFFC0366FCFBB6FAB6" box="[992,1151,1276,1301]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 451 – 452" captionStart-1="FIGURES 453 – 456" captionStart-2="FIGURES 459 – 462" captionStartId-0="271.[151,264,1631,1653]" captionStartId-1="272.[151,264,1948,1970]" captionStartId-2="275.[151,264,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox-0="[184,1355,203,1622]" captionTargetBox-1="[187,1424,203,1881]" captionTargetBox-2="[204,1360,211,1874]" captionTargetId-0="figure@271.[151,1436,193,1625]" captionTargetId-1="figure@272.[151,1436,193,1927]" captionTargetId-2="figure@275.[182,1404,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId-0="271" captionTargetPageId-1="272" captionTargetPageId-2="275" captionText-0="FIGURES 451 – 452. Manucodicola acantharx n. gen. &amp; n. sp. ex Manucodia ater ater: 451, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 452, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." captionText-1="FIGURES 453 – 456. Manucodicola acantharx n. gen. &amp; n. sp. ex Manucodia ater ater: 453, male head, dorsal and ventral views, 454, dorsal view of frons. 455, partial male genitalia, ventral view; (parameres exclude, distorted in all males examined). 456, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURES 459 – 462 Manucodicola semiramisae n. gen. &amp; n. sp. ex Phonygammus keraudrenii purpureoviolaceus: 459, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 460, dorsal view of frons. 461, partial male genitalia, ventral view (parameres excluded, distorted in all males examined). 462, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/883396/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/883398/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/883400/files/figure.png" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Figs 451–462</figureCitation>
), the dorsal anterior plate is connected from the main head plate, the premarginal carina is absent, the ventral carinae extend farther anterior than the marginal carinae, and the female subgenital plate does not flare into cross-piece. For differences between these two genera, see 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE96FEDFFE6F6767FDE7FA23" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[396,558,1383,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Manucodicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="284" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFE6F6767FDE7FA23" box="[396,558,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Manucodicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FE96FEDEFF24678FFCF7FE2B" lastPageId="285" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" type="description">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE96FEDFFF24678FFCB3F9FF" blockId="284.[151,1437,1239,2024]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFF24678FFE16FA04" bold="true" box="[199,479,1423,1448]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">
Description. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFE82678FFE16FA04" bold="true" box="[353,479,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Both sexes</emphasis>
</emphasis>
. Head roughly bulb-shaped (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFE96FEDFFCCF678FFC59FA0B" box="[812,912,1423,1448]" captionStart="FIGURES 477 – 478" captionStartId="288.[151,264,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[235,1401,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@288.[151,1436,193,1759]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURES 477 – 478. Bizarrifrons sp. ex Psarocolius bifasciatus yuracares: 477, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views (thin dotted lines depict extent of pigmentation on tergites). 478, male genitalia, dorsal view (ventral setae transposed to dorsal surface for clarity)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883410/files/figure.png" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Fig. 477</figureCitation>
). Preantennal area more or less asymmetrical. Marginal carina widely interrupted medianly. Premarginal carina absent. Hyaline margin suspended from anterior ends of ventral carinae; continuous with dorsal preantennal suture; suture reaches posterior to 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFB3367D7FB3EFA53" box="[1232,1271,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">ads</emphasis>
, not medianly continuous posterior to dorsal anterior plate. Ventral anterior plate present. Ventral carinae extend anterior to marginal carinae. Head setae as in 
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFE96FEDFFDD9641FFD69F99B" box="[570,672,1567,1592]" captionStart="FIGURES 477 – 478" captionStartId="288.[151,264,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[235,1401,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@288.[151,1436,193,1759]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURES 477 – 478. Bizarrifrons sp. ex Psarocolius bifasciatus yuracares: 477, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views (thin dotted lines depict extent of pigmentation on tergites). 478, male genitalia, dorsal view (ventral setae transposed to dorsal surface for clarity)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883410/files/figure.png" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Fig. 477</figureCitation>
; 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFD536420FD1EF99B" box="[688,727,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">as3</emphasis>
absent. Coni often long. Antennae monomorphic. Temporal carinae not visible; 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFE906444FE61F9FF" box="[371,424,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE96FEDFFE906444FE53F9FF" box="[371,410,1604,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Titanomessor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mts">mts</taxonomicName>
3
</emphasis>
only macrosetae. Gular plate pentagonal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE96FEDFFF246467FB37F94F" blockId="284.[151,1437,1239,2024]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">
Prothorax rectangular (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFE96FEDFFE3A6467FD8DF923" box="[473,580,1639,1664]" captionStart="FIGURES 477 – 478" captionStartId="288.[151,264,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[235,1401,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@288.[151,1436,193,1759]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURES 477 – 478. Bizarrifrons sp. ex Psarocolius bifasciatus yuracares: 477, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views (thin dotted lines depict extent of pigmentation on tergites). 478, male genitalia, dorsal view (ventral setae transposed to dorsal surface for clarity)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883410/files/figure.png" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Fig. 477</figureCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFD836469FD5BF923" box="[608,658,1641,1664]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">ppss</emphasis>
on postero-lateral corners. Proepimera hook-shaped. Pterothorax pentagonal; lateral margins divergent; posterior margin convergent to median point; 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFB63648DFB7DF907" box="[1152,1204,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">mms</emphasis>
narrowly separated medianly. Meso- and metasterna not fused; 1 seta on postero-lateral corner on each side of each plate. Metepisterna slender; median end often pointed or hook-shaped. Leg chaetotaxy as in 
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFE96FEDFFC2764D3FBDEF94F" box="[964,1047,1747,1772]" captionStart="FIGURES 25" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1012,1034]" captionTargetBox="[173,1428,205,974]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,991]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 25. Dorso-ventral views of coxae I – III, trochanters I – III, and femora I – III, showing terminology of the leg setae used here. Other parts of the thorax removed for clarity. Setae situated marginally are illustrated and named on both dorsal (lefthand) and ventral (right-hand) sides. Terminology for individual seta as used in the text obtained by combining the leg segment (larger font) and the setal name (smaller font). Abbreviations: a 1 – 5, anterior setae 1 – 5; cI – III, coxae I – III; d 1 – 3, dorsal setae 1 – 3; dm 1 – 4, distal marginal setae 1 – 4; fI – III, femur I – III; p 1 – 3, posterior setae 1 – 3; s 1 – 6, sensilla 1 – 6; tI – III, trochanter I – III; v 1 – 4, ventral setae 1 – 4." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883171/files/figure.png" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
, except 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFB9264D4FB61F94F" box="[1137,1192,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">fI-p2</emphasis>
absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE96FEDFFF2464F7FA5CF84B" blockId="284.[151,1437,1239,2024]" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">
Abdomen relatively broad, oval (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFE96FEDFFDDC64F7FD6AF8B3" box="[575,675,1783,1808]" captionStart="FIGURES 477 – 478" captionStartId="288.[151,264,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[235,1401,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@288.[151,1436,193,1759]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURES 477 – 478. Bizarrifrons sp. ex Psarocolius bifasciatus yuracares: 477, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views (thin dotted lines depict extent of pigmentation on tergites). 478, male genitalia, dorsal view (ventral setae transposed to dorsal surface for clarity)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883410/files/figure.png" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Fig. 477</figureCitation>
), chaetotaxy as in 
<tableCitation id="460A0344FE96FEDFFC9564F7FC04F8B3" box="[886,973,1783,1808]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="30.[151,239,796,819]" captionText="TABLE 2. Summary of abdominal chaetotaxy of segments II – VIII for the Brueelia - complex, including both genera and subgenera. In genera where chaetotaxy differs between species group (marked with *), only that of the type species is given here, and more detailed accounts are given separately under the respective genus entries and in Tables 3 – 12. Trichoid setae of segment VIII are present in all genera, and are not listed. Abbreviations: ps = paratergal seta; aps = accessory post-spiracular seta; psps = principal post-spiracular seta; tps = tergal posterior seta; ss = sutural seta; sts = sternal seta." pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Tergopleurites rectangular or triangular; tergopleurites II–IX+X in male and tergopleurites II–VIII in female moderately separated medianly. Sternal plates rounded trapezoidal, medianly continuous, not approaching pleurites. Pleural incrassations moderate to broad. Ventral section of tergopleurites moderate. Re-entrant heads prominent. 
<collectingRegion id="C94CF81DFE96FEDFFC0D6563FBE1F8DF" box="[1006,1064,1891,1916]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">Male</collectingRegion>
subgenital plate goblet-shaped; lateral margins often concave; reaches posterior margin of abdomen. Female subgenital plate triangular; lateral margins concave; approaches or reaches vulval margin but does not flare. Vulval margin (not illustrated) with slender 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFF0C65D1FED2F84B" box="[239,283,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">vms</emphasis>
, thorn-like 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFE7E65D1FE76F84B" box="[413,447,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">vss</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFE2D65D1FE3AF84B" box="[462,499,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">vos</emphasis>
follow lateral margins of subgenital plate; distal 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFBF965D1FBF6F84B" box="[1050,1087,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">vos</emphasis>
approaching or median to 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE96FEDFFA8F65D1FA47F84B" box="[1388,1422,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="284" pageNumber="285">vss</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF246297FCF7FE2B" blockId="285.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
Basal apodeme (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFE97FEDEFE676297FE2FFF13" box="[388,486,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 477 – 478" captionStartId="288.[151,264,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[235,1401,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@288.[151,1436,193,1759]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURES 477 – 478. Bizarrifrons sp. ex Psarocolius bifasciatus yuracares: 477, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views (thin dotted lines depict extent of pigmentation on tergites). 478, male genitalia, dorsal view (ventral setae transposed to dorsal surface for clarity)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883410/files/figure.png" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Fig. 478</figureCitation>
) roughly rectangular, rounded anteriorly. On ventral side a transversal sclerite near distal margin of basal apodeme (not shown). Proximal mesosome broadly quadratic; overlapping basal apodeme. Gonopore (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFE97FEDEFEF462DFFEBEFF5B" box="[279,375,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 477 – 478" captionStartId="288.[151,264,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[235,1401,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@288.[151,1436,193,1759]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURES 477 – 478. Bizarrifrons sp. ex Psarocolius bifasciatus yuracares: 477, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views (thin dotted lines depict extent of pigmentation on tergites). 478, male genitalia, dorsal view (ventral setae transposed to dorsal surface for clarity)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883410/files/figure.png" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Fig. 478</figureCitation>
) small, terminal. Mesosomal lobes large, longer than wide, thickened distally, not fused distal to gonopore; 2 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFEAA6305FE4AFEBF" box="[329,387,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">ames</emphasis>
microsetae submedianly on each side anterior to gonopore; 2 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFBB76305FB44FEBF" box="[1108,1165,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">pmes</emphasis>
microsetae laterally on each side on margins of lobes. Parameral heads (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFE97FEDEFD286327FCE4FEE3" box="[715,813,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 477 – 478" captionStartId="288.[151,264,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[235,1401,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@288.[151,1436,193,1759]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURES 477 – 478. Bizarrifrons sp. ex Psarocolius bifasciatus yuracares: 477, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views (thin dotted lines depict extent of pigmentation on tergites). 478, male genitalia, dorsal view (ventral setae transposed to dorsal surface for clarity)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883410/files/figure.png" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Fig. 478</figureCitation>
) folded medianly across proximal mesosome, roughly rectangular. Parameral blades moderate, elongated, may curl medianly; 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFC01634CFBD8FEC7" box="[994,1041,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">pst1</emphasis>
sensilla, rarely microsetae and if microsetae shorter than 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFE406370FE1BFE2B" box="[419,466,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">pst2</emphasis>
, central; 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFDD86370FDA3FE2B" box="[571,618,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">pst2</emphasis>
micrsetae, central.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FE97FEDEFF246394FB5EFD6E" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF246394FE2AFD0B" blockId="285.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF246394FE52FE0E" bold="true" box="[199,411,404,429]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<collectingRegion id="C94CF81DFE97FEDEFF246394FF36FE0E" box="[199,255,404,429]" country="Afghanistan" name="Khost" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Host</collectingRegion>
distribution.
</emphasis>
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFDFF6394FC8DFE0F" authority="Eichler, 1938" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1938" box="[540,836,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFDFF6394FD6DFE0F" box="[540,676,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFD486394FC8DFE0F" author="Eichler" box="[683,836,404,429]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Eichler, W. (1938) Bizarrifrons nov. gen., eine bemerkenswerte asymmetrische Federlingsgattung von Icteriden. (Betrachtungen uber morphologische Besonderheiten bei Mallophagen. I.). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 124, 225 - 236." type="journal article" year="1938">Eichler, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is known only from the New World passerine family 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF7463B7FF34FE73" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,253,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Icteridae</taxonomicName>
. It is largely restricted to the tropical genera 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFCEC63B7FBF3FE73" authority="Wagler, 1827" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1827" box="[783,1082,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" genus="Psarocolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFCEC63B7FC5DFE73" box="[783,916,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Psarocolius</emphasis>
Wagler, 1827
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFBAA63B8FAACFE73" authority="Lacepede, 1799" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[1097,1381,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" genus="Cacicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFBAA63B8FB6AFE6C" box="[1097,1187,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Cacicus</emphasis>
Lacepede, 1799
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF7463DCFE6FFE56" authority="Vieillot, 1816" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,422,476,501]" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" genus="Quiscalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF7463DCFECEFE56" box="[151,263,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Quiscalus</emphasis>
Vieillot, 1816
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFE0363DCFD3BFE57" author="Jaramillo" box="[480,754,476,501]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Jaramillo, A. &amp; Burke, P. (1999) New World blackbirds. The icterids. Christopher Helm (Publishers) Ltd, London. 431 pp." type="book" year="1999">Jaramillo &amp; Burke 1999</bibRefCitation>
). The two species groups proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFB4363DCFA55FE57" author="Valim" box="[1184,1436,476,501]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Valim, M. P. &amp; Palma, R. L. (2012) Redescriptions of two species and descriptions of three new species of the louse genus Bizarrifrons Eichler, 1938 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa, 3273, 28 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">Valim &amp; Palma (2012)</bibRefCitation>
parasitise different genera of hosts, with the 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFD716001FD12FDBB" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1866" box="[658,731,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFD716001FD12FDBB" box="[658,731,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">magus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group parasitising the genera 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFBD563FFFB72FDBB" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1827" box="[1078,1211,511,536]" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" genus="Psarocolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFBD563FFFB72FDBB" box="[1078,1211,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Psarocolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFB1763FFFAADFDBB" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[1268,1380,511,536]" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" genus="Quiscalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFB1763FFFAADFDBB" box="[1268,1380,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Quiscalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF276025FEE3FD9F" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[196,298,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picturata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF276025FEE3FD9F" box="[196,298,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">picturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group parasitising the genus 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFD676025FD17FD9F" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[644,734,549,572]" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" genus="Cacicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFD676025FD17FD9F" box="[644,734,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Cacicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the phylogeny of 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFC016025FADCFD9F" author="Lanyon" box="[994,1301,548,573]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Lanyon, S. M., Omland, K. E. (1999). A molecular phylogeny of the Blackbirds (Icteridae): Five lineages revealed by cytochrome- b sequence data. The Auk, 116, 629 - 639." type="journal article" year="1999">Lanyon &amp; Omland (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFAC76025FAB7FD9F" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[1316,1406,549,572]" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" genus="Cacicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFAC76025FAB7FD9F" box="[1316,1406,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Cacicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFE826047FE24FDC3" box="[353,493,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFE826047FE20FDC3" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1827" box="[353,489,583,608]" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" genus="Psarocolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Psarocolius</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFDC56047FD5FFDC3" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[550,662,583,608]" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" genus="Quiscalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFDC56047FD5FFDC3" box="[550,662,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Quiscalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more closely related to New World blackbirds (
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFB346047FF19FD26" authority="Vieillot, 1816" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" genus="Agelaius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFB346047FAF0FDC3" box="[1239,1337,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Agelaius</emphasis>
Vieillot, 1816
</taxonomicName>
) and other genera, indicating that if these 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFD03606CFCA1FD27" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1938" box="[736,872,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFD03606CFCA1FD27" box="[736,872,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-groups are monophyletic, they are not structured by host phylogeny.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF2460B4FB5EFD6E" blockId="285.[151,1437,151,1293]" box="[199,1175,692,717]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF2460B4FE72FD6E" bold="true" box="[199,443,692,717]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Geographical range.</emphasis>
Neotropical, with some species reaching as far North as Mexico.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FE97FEDEFF2460D7FEB9FBB3" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF2460D7FB6CFC23" blockId="285.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF2460D7FEF2FD53" bold="true" box="[199,315,727,752]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFEA860D7FE3EFD53" author="Eichler" box="[331,503,727,752]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Eichler, W. (1938) Bizarrifrons nov. gen., eine bemerkenswerte asymmetrische Federlingsgattung von Icteriden. (Betrachtungen uber morphologische Besonderheiten bei Mallophagen. I.). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 124, 225 - 236." type="journal article" year="1938">Eichler (1938)</bibRefCitation>
originally included all species of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFC4F60D7FBC5FD53" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[940,1036,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFC4F60D7FBC5FD53" box="[940,1036,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described from the 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFAF760D7FABFFD53" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1825" box="[1300,1398,727,752]" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Icteridae</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF7460FCFED6FCB7" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,287,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF7460FCFED6FCB7" box="[151,287,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Later, 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFE9C60FCFCD5FCB7" author="Carriker" box="[383,796,764,789]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Carriker, M. A., Jr. &amp; Diaz-Ungria, C. (1961) New and little known Mallophaga from Venezuelan birds (Part I). Novedades Cientificas, Contribuciones Occacionales de Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, 28, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1961">Carriker &amp; Díaz-Ungría (1961: 44)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that there is no resemblance between the species treated as 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFE876120FE25FC9B" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1938" box="[356,492,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFE876120FE25FC9B" box="[356,492,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by most subsequent authors (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFC8C611FFBA7FC9B" author="Hopkins" box="[879,1134,799,824]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Hopkins, G. H. &amp; Clay, T. (1952) A check list of the genera &amp; species of Mallophaga. British Museum (Natural History), London. 362 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins &amp; Clay 1952</bibRefCitation>
: 50) and the “ 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFAED6121FA5BFC9B" baseAuthorityName="Giebel" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1294,1426,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatissima">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFAED6121FA5BFC9B" box="[1294,1426,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">ornatissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- group” of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFEED6144FEA7FCFE" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[270,366,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFEED6144FEA7FCFE" box="[270,366,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FE97FEDEFE9B6145FE7CFCFF" box="[376,437,837,860]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
that infest 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFDDB6144FD53FCFE" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1825" box="[568,666,836,861]" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Icteridae</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFD3A6144FC3CFCFE" author="Cicchino" box="[729,1013,836,861]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Cicchino, A. C. &amp; Castro, D. del C. (1996) Revision preliminar de las especies del genero Brueelia Keler, 1936 (Phthiraptera, Philopteridae) parasitas de Icterinae (Aves, Passeriformes, Fringillidae). Graellsia, 52, 3 - 30." type="journal article" year="1996">Cicchino &amp; Castro 1996</bibRefCitation>
). Notably, both of these groups have analogous pigmentation patterns, which may have influenced Eichler’s taxonomic decisions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF24618CFEB9FBB3" blockId="285.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFF24618CFD97FC07" author="Carriker" box="[199,606,908,933]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Carriker, M. A., Jr. &amp; Diaz-Ungria, C. (1961) New and little known Mallophaga from Venezuelan birds (Part I). Novedades Cientificas, Contribuciones Occacionales de Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, 28, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1961">Carriker &amp; Díaz-Ungría (1961: 44)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFD09618CFCBBFC07" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1938" box="[746,882,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFD09618CFCBBFC07" box="[746,882,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFC4C618CFB89FC06" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1944" box="[943,1088,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Sturnidoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFC4C618CFB89FC06" box="[943,1088,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Sturnidoecus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as very similar, and regarded them as closest relatives to each other. The phylogeny of Bush 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFC9061B1FC6FFC6B" box="[883,934,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">et al</emphasis>
. (2016), suggests that 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFB4E61AFFAF7FC6B" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1944" box="[1197,1342,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Sturnidoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFB4E61AFFAF7FC6B" box="[1197,1342,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Sturnidoecus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be more closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFE4161D4FDE1FC4E" authorityName="Zlotorzycka" authorityYear="1964" box="[418,552,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Olivinirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFE4161D4FDE1FC4E" box="[418,552,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Olivinirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFD8361D4FCC7FC4E" box="[608,782,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Guimaraesiella</emphasis>
than to 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFC8F61D4FC3DFC4F" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1938" box="[876,1012,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFC8F61D4FC3DFC4F" box="[876,1012,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, these placements were not strongly supported.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FE97FEDEFF24661CFB91FAAF" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF24661CFBEFFB4B" blockId="285.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF24661CFE86FB97" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1938" box="[199,335,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF24661CFE86FB97" box="[199,335,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recently reviewed by 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFD9A661CFCB0FB97" author="Valim" box="[633,889,1052,1077]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Valim, M. P. &amp; Palma, R. L. (2012) Redescriptions of two species and descriptions of three new species of the louse genus Bizarrifrons Eichler, 1938 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa, 3273, 28 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">Valim &amp; Palma (2012)</bibRefCitation>
, who provided a key to the genus and a thorough redescription of the 
<typeStatus id="D433885DFE97FEDEFE676640FE7DFBFB" box="[388,436,1088,1112]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">type</typeStatus>
species. We therefore do not redescribe the genus here, nor do we provide complete illustrations. We have illustrated the male of an unidentified species of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFC266664FB84FBDF" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1938" box="[965,1101,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFC266664FB84FBDF" box="[965,1101,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFB766664FD57FB03" ID-CoL="5KPVT" authority="(d'Orbigny &amp; Lafresnaye, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny &amp; Lafresnaye" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Aves" family="Icteridae" genus="Psarocolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bifasciatus" subSpecies="yuracares">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFB766664FECFFB03" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Psarocolius bifasciatus yuracares</emphasis>
(d’Orbigny &amp; Lafresnaye, 1838)
</taxonomicName>
, which may be 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFC8C6689FB18FB03" authority="(Rudow, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="Rudow" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[879,1233,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFC8C6689FBDBFB03" box="[879,1042,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bi. maculatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFBCA6687FB00FB03" author="Rudow" box="[1065,1225,1159,1184]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Rudow, F. (1869) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Mallophagen oder Pelzfresser. Neue exotische Arten der Familie Philopterus." type="book" year="1869">Rudow, 1869</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFE97FEDEFB0A6687FA58FB03" box="[1257,1425,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 477 – 478" captionStartId="288.[151,264,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[235,1401,213,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@288.[151,1436,193,1759]" captionTargetPageId="288" captionText="FIGURES 477 – 478. Bizarrifrons sp. ex Psarocolius bifasciatus yuracares: 477, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views (thin dotted lines depict extent of pigmentation on tergites). 478, male genitalia, dorsal view (ventral setae transposed to dorsal surface for clarity)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883410/files/figure.png" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Figs 477–478</figureCitation>
). Considering that 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFEB866ACFD97FB67" author="Valim" box="[347,606,1196,1221]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Valim, M. P. &amp; Palma, R. L. (2012) Redescriptions of two species and descriptions of three new species of the louse genus Bizarrifrons Eichler, 1938 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa, 3273, 28 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">Valim &amp; Palma (2012)</bibRefCitation>
regarded 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFD3266ADFCA5FB66" baseAuthorityName="Rudow" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[721,876,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFD3266ADFCA5FB66" box="[721,876,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bi. maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFC4966ADFB98FB66" box="[938,1105,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
nomen 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFC1E66ACFB98FB66" ID-CoL="4VN6D" baseAuthorityName="Latham" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[1021,1105,1196,1221]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Scissirostrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubium">dubium</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, we do not identify the male illustrated here as that species until a more thorough review has been undertaken.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF2466F4FB91FAAF" blockId="285.[151,1437,151,1293]" box="[199,1112,1268,1293]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
Arrangement into the species groups listed below follows 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFCB166F4FB9DFAAF" author="Valim" box="[850,1108,1268,1293]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Valim, M. P. &amp; Palma, R. L. (2012) Redescriptions of two species and descriptions of three new species of the louse genus Bizarrifrons Eichler, 1938 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa, 3273, 28 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">Valim &amp; Palma (2012)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FE97FEDEFF74673CFDD3FADB" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" type="description">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF74673CFE98FAF6" blockId="285.[151,1168,1340,1760]" box="[151,337,1340,1365]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Included species</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF746760FDD3FADB" blockId="285.[151,1168,1340,1760]" box="[151,538,1375,1400]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF746760FEA6FADB" baseAuthorityName="Nitzsch" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[151,367,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF746760FEA6FADB" box="[151,367,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons magus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FE97FEDEFF746784FC88F856" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF746784FD9BFA3F" blockId="285.[151,1168,1340,1760]" box="[151,594,1412,1437]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FE97FEDEFF746784FD9BFA3F" box="[151,594,1412,1437]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF746784FF6BFA3F" box="[151,162,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF426784FD9BFA3F" authority="Eichler, 1938: 228" authorityName="Eichler" authorityPageNumber="228" authorityYear="1938" box="[161,594,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clayae">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF426784FEB4FA3E" box="[161,381,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons clayae</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE97FEDEFE676784FD9BFA3F" author="Eichler" box="[388,594,1412,1437]" page="228" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFE676784FDD7FA3F" author="Eichler" box="[388,542,1412,1437]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Eichler, W. (1938) Bizarrifrons nov. gen., eine bemerkenswerte asymmetrische Federlingsgattung von Icteriden. (Betrachtungen uber morphologische Besonderheiten bei Mallophagen. I.). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 124, 225 - 236." type="journal article" year="1938">Eichler, 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 228
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF2467A8FCCAFA63" blockId="285.[151,1168,1340,1760]" box="[199,771,1447,1472]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FE97FEDEFF2467A8FCCAFA63" box="[199,771,1447,1472]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF2467A8FDABFA63" authority="Eichler, 1938: 228" authorityName="Eichler" authorityPageNumber="228" authorityYear="1938" box="[199,610,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clayi">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF2467A8FE45FA63" box="[199,396,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons clayi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE97FEDEFE7067A7FDABFA63" author="Eichler" box="[403,610,1447,1472]" page="228" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFE7067A7FDE4FA63" author="Eichler" box="[403,557,1447,1472]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Eichler, W. (1938) Bizarrifrons nov. gen., eine bemerkenswerte asymmetrische Federlingsgattung von Icteriden. (Betrachtungen uber morphologische Besonderheiten bei Mallophagen. I.). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 124, 225 - 236." type="journal article" year="1938">Eichler, 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 228
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFD8A67A7FCCAFA63" box="[617,771,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">lapsus calami</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF7467CCFCCFFA47" blockId="285.[151,1168,1340,1760]" box="[151,774,1484,1509]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FE97FEDEFF7467CCFCCFFA47" box="[151,774,1484,1509]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF7467CCFF6BFA47" box="[151,162,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF4267CCFDB7FA47" authority="(Carriker, 1903: 139)" authorityPageNumber="139" baseAuthorityName="Carriker" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[161,638,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="francisi">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF4267CCFE40FA47" box="[161,393,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons francisi</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE97FEDEFE7B67CCFDBFFA47" author="Carriker" box="[408,630,1484,1509]" page="139" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" year="1903">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFE7B67CCFDBFFA47" author="Carriker" box="[408,630,1484,1509]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Carriker, M. A., Jr. (1903) Mallophaga from Costa Rica, Central America. Nebraska University Studies, 3, 123 - 192." type="journal article" year="1903">Carriker, 1903: 139</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFD4867CDFD34FA47" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1818" box="[683,765,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFD4867CDFD34FA47" box="[683,765,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Nirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF7467F0FD7FF9AB" blockId="285.[151,1168,1340,1760]" box="[151,694,1519,1544]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FE97FEDEFF7467F0FD7FF9AB" box="[151,694,1519,1544]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF7467F0FF6BF9AB" box="[151,162,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF4267F0FD7FF9AB" authority="Valim &amp; Palma, 2012: 35" authorityName="Valim &amp; Palma" authorityPageNumber="35" authorityYear="2012" box="[161,694,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF4267F0FE5BF9AB" box="[161,402,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons latifrons</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE97FEDEFE7A67EFFD7FF9AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6172353" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6172353" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:382202E4-922F-47A9-B389-089F445658FE" author="Valim" box="[409,694,1519,1544]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1161B34FF84083620CA8A612404B3BA" page="35" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFE7A67EFFD46F9AB" author="Valim" box="[409,655,1519,1544]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Valim, M. P. &amp; Palma, R. L. (2012) Redescriptions of two species and descriptions of three new species of the louse genus Bizarrifrons Eichler, 1938 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa, 3273, 28 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">Valim &amp; Palma, 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 35
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF746414FB59F93B" blockId="285.[151,1168,1340,1760]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FE97FEDEFF746414FB59F93B" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF746414FC44F98E" bold="true" box="[151,909,1556,1581]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF746414FE4CF988" bold="true" box="[151,389,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
* 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF416414FE4CF988" baseAuthorityName="Nitzsch" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[162,389,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magus">Bizarrifrons magus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(Nitzsch [in 
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE97FEDEFDFE6414FD3EF98E" author="Giebel" box="[541,759,1556,1581]" page="367" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFDFE6414FD77F98E" author="Giebel" box="[541,702,1556,1581]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Giebel, C. (1866) Die im zoologischen Museum der Universitat Halle aufgestellten Epizoen nebst Beobachtungen uber dieselben. Zeitschrift fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 28, 353 - 397." type="journal article" year="1866">Giebel], 1866</bibRefCitation>
: 367
</treatmentCitation>
) [in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFCCF6414FC4AF98E" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1818" box="[812,899,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFCCF6414FC4AF98E" bold="true" box="[812,899,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Nirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF246439FE0CF9F3" authority="Nitzsch" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1866" box="[199,453,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF246439FEA0F9F3" box="[199,361,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Nirmus magus</emphasis>
Nitzsch
</taxonomicName>
[in 
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE97FEDEFE106437FD0FF9F3" author="Giebel" box="[499,710,1591,1616]" page="301" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" year="1861">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFE106437FD58F9F3" author="Giebel" box="[499,657,1591,1616]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Giebel, C. (1861) Verzeichniss der von Chr. L. Nitzsch untersuchten Epizoen nach den Wohntieren geordnet. Zeitschrift fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 18, 289 - 319." type="journal article" year="1861">Giebel], 1861</bibRefCitation>
: 301
</treatmentCitation>
(
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFD356439FCBDF9F3" box="[726,884,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">nomen nudum</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF24645DFE76F9D6" authority="Nitzsch" authorityName="Nitzsch" box="[199,447,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="majus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF24645DFEAAF9D7" box="[199,355,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Nirmus majus</emphasis>
Nitzsch
</taxonomicName>
[in 
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE97FEDEFE0E645CFD09F9D6" author="Giebel" box="[493,704,1628,1653]" page="367" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFE0E645CFD42F9D6" author="Giebel" box="[493,651,1628,1653]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Giebel, C. (1866) Die im zoologischen Museum der Universitat Halle aufgestellten Epizoen nebst Beobachtungen uber dieselben. Zeitschrift fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 28, 353 - 397." type="journal article" year="1866">Giebel], 1866</bibRefCitation>
: 367
</treatmentCitation>
(error for 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFCD6645DFCB7F9D7" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1866" box="[821,894,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFCD6645DFCB7F9D7" box="[821,894,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">magus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF24647FFD5CF93B" authority="Giebel, 1874: 119" authorityName="Giebel" authorityPageNumber="119" authorityYear="1874" box="[199,661,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Docophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambiguus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF24647FFE0CF93B" box="[199,453,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Docophorus ambiguus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE97FEDEFE2F647FFD5CF93B" author="Giebel" box="[460,661,1663,1688]" page="119" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" year="1874">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFE2F647FFDA8F93B" author="Giebel" box="[460,609,1663,1688]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Giebel, C. G. A. (1874) Insecta epizoa. Die auf Saugetieren und Fogeln schmarotzenden Insecten nach Chr. L. Nitzsch's Nachlass bearbeitet. Otto Wigand, Leipzig. xvi + 308 pp., 20 pls." type="book" year="1874">Giebel, 1874</bibRefCitation>
: 119
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFD7F6481FD0BF93B" box="[668,706,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">nec</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFD2A647FFB59F93B" authority="Burmeister, 1838" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[713,1168,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Docophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambiguus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFD2A647FFC01F93B" box="[713,968,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Docophorus ambiguus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFC2C647FFB59F93B" author="Burmeister" box="[975,1168,1663,1688]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Burmeister, H. (1838) Mallophaga Nitzsch. Handbuch der Entomologie, Berlin, 2, 418 - 443." type="journal article" year="1838">Burmeister, 1838</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF7464A4FD7FF91F" blockId="285.[151,1168,1340,1760]" box="[151,694,1700,1725]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FE97FEDEFF7464A4FD7FF91F" box="[151,694,1700,1725]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF7464A4FF6BF91F" box="[151,162,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF4264A4FD7FF91F" authority="Eichler, 1938: 232" authorityName="Eichler" authorityPageNumber="232" authorityYear="1938" box="[161,694,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meinertzhageni">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF4264A4FE28F91E" box="[161,481,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons meinertzhageni</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE97FEDEFE0464A4FD7FF91F" author="Eichler" box="[487,694,1700,1725]" page="232" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFE0464A4FD48F91F" author="Eichler" box="[487,641,1700,1725]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Eichler, W. (1938) Bizarrifrons nov. gen., eine bemerkenswerte asymmetrische Federlingsgattung von Icteriden. (Betrachtungen uber morphologische Besonderheiten bei Mallophagen. I.). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 124, 225 - 236." type="journal article" year="1938">Eichler, 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 232
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF4664C8FD04F943" blockId="285.[151,1168,1340,1760]" box="[165,717,1735,1760]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FE97FEDEFF4664C8FD04F943" box="[165,717,1735,1760]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF4664C8FD04F943" authority="Valim &amp; Palma, 2012: 37" authorityName="Valim &amp; Palma" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="2012" box="[165,717,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wecksteini">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF4664C8FE60F943" box="[165,425,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons wecksteini</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE97FEDEFE4C64C7FD04F943" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3509224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3509224" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D25F6478-1044-4BBA-8FFA-FBFC9358C7A1" author="Valim" box="[431,717,1735,1760]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1161B34FF99082820CA8DC62683B5E1" page="37" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFE4C64C7FD6FF943" author="Valim" box="[431,678,1735,1760]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Valim, M. P. &amp; Palma, R. L. (2012) Redescriptions of two species and descriptions of three new species of the louse genus Bizarrifrons Eichler, 1938 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa, 3273, 28 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">Valim &amp; Palma, 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 37
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF74650BFD89F880" blockId="285.[151,810,1802,1935]" box="[151,576,1802,1827]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF74650BFE51F880" authorityName="Carriker &amp; Diaz-Ungria" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,408,1803,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picturatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF74650BFE51F880" box="[151,408,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons picturatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF46652FFCE8F82C" blockId="285.[151,810,1802,1935]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FE97FEDEFF46652FFCE8F82C" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF46652FFCC2F8E4" authority="Carriker &amp; Diaz-Ungria, 1961: 46" authorityName="Carriker &amp; Diaz-Ungria" authorityPageNumber="46" authorityYear="1961" box="[165,779,1838,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruani">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF46652FFE4EF8E5" box="[165,391,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons juruani</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE97FEDEFE6E652EFCC2F8E4" author="Carriker" box="[397,779,1838,1863]" page="46" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFE6E652EFD2DF8E4" author="Carriker" box="[397,740,1838,1863]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Carriker, M. A., Jr. &amp; Diaz-Ungria, C. (1961) New and little known Mallophaga from Venezuelan birds (Part I). Novedades Cientificas, Contribuciones Occacionales de Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, 28, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1961">Carriker &amp; Díaz-Ungría, 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 46
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF746553FF6BF8C8" box="[151,162,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF426553FCE3F8C8" authority="Carriker &amp; Diaz-Ungria, 1961: 44" authorityName="Carriker &amp; Diaz-Ungria" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1961" box="[161,810,1874,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picturatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF426553FE6FF8C8" box="[161,422,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons picturatus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE97FEDEFE4F6552FCE3F8C8" author="Carriker" box="[428,810,1874,1899]" page="44" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFE4F6552FCCAF8C8" author="Carriker" box="[428,771,1874,1899]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Carriker, M. A., Jr. &amp; Diaz-Ungria, C. (1961) New and little known Mallophaga from Venezuelan birds (Part I). Novedades Cientificas, Contribuciones Occacionales de Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, 28, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1961">Carriker &amp; Díaz-Ungría, 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 44
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF746577FF6BF82C" box="[151,162,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF426577FCE8F82C" authority="Valim &amp; Palma, 2012: 45" authorityName="Valim &amp; Palma" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="2012" box="[161,801,1910,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quasisymmetricus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF426577FE34F82D" box="[161,509,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons quasisymmetricus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE97FEDEFDE06576FCE8F82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3507875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3507875" author="Valim" box="[515,801,1910,1935]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1161B34FF84083620CA8FD9252BB7CA" page="45" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFDE06576FD32F82C" author="Valim" box="[515,763,1910,1935]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Valim, M. P. &amp; Palma, R. L. (2012) Redescriptions of two species and descriptions of three new species of the louse genus Bizarrifrons Eichler, 1938 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa, 3273, 28 - 50." type="journal article" year="2012">Valim &amp; Palma, 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 45
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF7465BAFE8CF871" blockId="285.[151,833,1977,2038]" box="[151,325,1977,2002]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
Nomen 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF1365B9FE8CF871" ID-CoL="4VN6D" baseAuthorityName="Latham" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[240,325,1977,2002]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Scissirostrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dubium">dubium</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFE97FEDEFF4665DEFC88F856" blockId="285.[151,833,1977,2038]" box="[165,833,2013,2038]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FE97FEDEFF4665DEFC88F856" box="[165,833,2013,2038]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFF4665DEFD48F855" authority="(Rudow, 1869: 12)" authorityPageNumber="12" baseAuthorityName="Rudow" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[165,641,2013,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Bizarrifrons" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFF4665DEFE6EF855" box="[165,423,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Bizarrifrons maculatus</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFE97FEDEFE5665DDFDB1F855" author="Rudow" box="[437,632,2013,2038]" page="12" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" year="1869">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFE97FEDEFE5665DDFDB1F855" author="Rudow" box="[437,632,2013,2038]" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" refString="Rudow, F. (1869) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Mallophagen oder Pelzfresser. Neue exotische Arten der Familie Philopterus." type="book" year="1869">Rudow, 1869: 12</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFE97FEDEFD4E65DDFCFEF855" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1818" box="[685,823,2013,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Docophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="285" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFE97FEDEFD4E65DDFCFEF855" box="[685,823,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="285" pageNumber="286">Docophorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>