229 lines
25 KiB
XML
229 lines
25 KiB
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<document id="70A2E67DD5FC2CDFB87B57E5DF523FD7" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F507139958FFE403D9F427FE1EF59C" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Dung 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="591" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="590" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F4D44DB0A19C64908851456BF9286D26">
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<mods:title id="B39B4BA72A533F13FB63D806D5308F35">Bovidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="343DBB1D9E69398B6602F3213761D905" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8175584C6001583069590BF5D0D112DF">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="71F342C9D076237837B81512B8DA497B">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F2AE9888C0DA222A76244394BD407EA1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="BED5675F4B783E8DDA65811CFAC071CD">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="69D72BF7FAACF135D19CFFE19E4EDC23" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="1EDD00C4061FABE0896BB0A211551F78">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="D364735BF9B77899B7C7FB82F6BC606A">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="14902244DFF2482E5784833F189BC705">
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<mods:title id="3C05852F76FF3CCDBFDB4BD186F22132">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DB8587FD77DB13AF12217B0B700589EE">
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<mods:classification id="91376A14F155E597D754C96B98AE9E45">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C88CE90F1C0CC663BD8CF0738B4EA41C" type="CLB-Dataset">58516</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A710A7B4C13BE7F1BD5863620D3E26AE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6512484</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C99C68908AAF7A4CE9F622DFF08E8C05" type="GBIF-Dataset">67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="37C8A553C66BFB926C8E31848F8A8E88" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-77-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9F1147C68CDE32543DEB441A5D22FB3E" type="Zenodo-Dep">6512484</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F507139958FFE403D9F427FE1EF59C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6587617" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659380" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6587617" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F507139958FFE403D9F427FE1EF59C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F507139958FFE403D9F427FE1EF59C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="591" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9958FFE303D9F427FEE9F452" box="[207,260,2981,3027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059958FFE303D9F427FEE9F452" blockId="19.[201,895,2981,3108]" box="[207,260,2981,3027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<heading id="D0AB01699958FFE303D9F427FEE9F452" box="[207,260,2981,3027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA809958FFE303D9F427FEE9F452" box="[207,260,2981,3027]" captionStart="Plate 22: Bovidae" captionStartId="2.[99,129,3427,3452]" captionTargetBox="[13,2749,13,3634]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Gaur (Bos gaurus), 2. Banteng (Bos javanicus), 3. Kouprey (Bos sauveli)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512919/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">14.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9958FFE30200F427FE6EF452" box="[278,387,2981,3027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059958FFE30200F427FE6EF452" blockId="19.[201,895,2981,3108]" box="[278,387,2981,3027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<heading id="D0AB01699958FFE30200F427FE6EF452" box="[278,387,2981,3027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9958FFE30200F427FE6EF452" box="[278,387,2981,3027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Saola</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9958FFE302DFF427FC93F452" box="[457,894,2981,3027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059958FFE302DFF427FC93F452" blockId="19.[201,895,2981,3108]" box="[457,894,2981,3027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<heading id="D0AB01699958FFE302DFF427FC93F452" box="[457,894,2981,3027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869958FFE302DFF427FC93F452" ID-CoL="78GTN" authority="Dung et al., 1993" authorityName="Dung" authorityYear="1993" box="[457,894,2981,3027]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Pseudoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nghetinhensis">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179958FFE302DFF427FC93F452" box="[457,894,2981,3027]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Pseudoryx nghetinhensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9958FFE303DCF466FD3FF3A1" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059958FFE303DCF466FD43F478" blockId="19.[201,895,2981,3108]" box="[202,686,3044,3065]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<heading id="D0AB01699958FFE303DCF466FD43F478" box="[202,686,3044,3065]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179958FFE303DCF466FEF5F478" bold="true" box="[202,280,3044,3065]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9958FFE30237F466FEB9F478" box="[289,340,3044,3065]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Saola</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A179958FFE3027CF466FE29F478" bold="true" box="[362,452,3044,3065]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9958FFE302D8F466FDECF478" box="[462,513,3044,3065]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Saola</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A179958FFE30101F466FD9CF478" bold="true" box="[535,625,3044,3065]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9958FFE3016DF466FD43F478" box="[635,686,3044,3065]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Saola</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059958FFE303DCF389FD3FF3A1" blockId="19.[201,895,2981,3108]" box="[202,722,3083,3104]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<heading id="D0AB01699958FFE303DCF389FD3FF3A1" box="[202,722,3083,3104]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179958FFE303DCF389FE2CF3A1" bold="true" box="[202,449,3083,3104]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9958FFE302DDF389FDAFF3A1" box="[459,578,3083,3104]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Spindlehorn</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9958FFE30158F389FD3FF3A1" box="[590,722,3083,3104]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Vu Quang Ox</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9958FFE303DCF3D4FC77F3EE" box="[202,922,3158,3183]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059958FFE303DCF3D4FC77F3EE" blockId="19.[201,1403,3158,3465]" box="[202,922,3158,3183]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179958FFE303DCF3D4FE8CF3EE" bold="true" box="[202,353,3158,3183]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Taxonomy</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869958FFE30264F3D4FC78F3EE" ID-CoL="78GTN" authority="Dung et al., 1993" authorityName="Dung" authorityYear="1993" box="[370,917,3158,3183]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Pseudoryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nghetinhensis">Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Dung et al., 1993</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9958FFE300B2F3D4FBCCF3EE" box="[932,1057,3158,3183]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059958FFE300B2F3D4FBCCF3EE" blockId="19.[201,1403,3158,3465]" box="[932,1057,3158,3183]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC589958FFE300B2F3D4FBCCF3EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198320" box="[932,1057,3158,3183]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959958FFE300B2F3D4FBF0F3EE" box="[932,1053,3158,3183]" name="Vietnam" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9958FFE303DCF3FBFDDEF317" box="[202,563,3193,3222]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059958FFE303DCF3FBFDDEF317" blockId="19.[201,1403,3158,3465]" box="[202,563,3193,3222]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9958FFE303DCF322FC90F33C" box="[202,893,3232,3261]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D9958FFE303DCF322FC90F33C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512517" box="[202,893,3232,3261]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512517/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" startId="19.[202,373,3232,3261]" targetBox="[1472,2066,2843,3258]" targetPageId="19">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059958FFE303DCF322FC90F33C" blockId="19.[201,1403,3158,3465]" box="[202,893,3232,3261]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179958FFE303DCF322FE98F33C" bold="true" box="[202,373,3232,3261]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Distribution</emphasis>
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. Annamite Mts of
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959958FFE3016FF322FD5AF33C" box="[633,695,3232,3261]" name="Laos" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Laos</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959958FFE301E9F322FC95F33C" box="[767,888,3232,3261]" name="Vietnam" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9958FFE403DCF34AFB0BFDC7" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="591" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059958FFE403DCF34AFB0BFDC7" blockId="19.[201,1403,3158,3465]" lastBlockId="20.[83,1294,274,2589]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="591" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179958FFE303DCF34AFE53F364" bold="true" box="[202,446,3272,3301]" pageId="19" pageNumber="590">Descriptive notes</emphasis>
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. Head-body
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09958FFE30169F34AFD0CF364" box="[639,737,3272,3301]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" unit="cm" value="143.0">143 cm</quantity>
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(one adult male),
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09958FFE300EEF34AFBB5F364" box="[1016,1112,3272,3301]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" unit="cm" value="150.0">150 cm</quantity>
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(one adult female), tail 16-5 cm (to tip of bone, one adult male),
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09958FFE30054F36DFC7EF28D" box="[834,915,3311,3340]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" unit="cm" value="23.0">23 cm</quantity>
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(to end of hair, one adult female), shoulder height 95-5 cm (one dead adult male),
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09958FFE30097F294FC38F2B2" box="[897,981,3350,3379]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" unit="cm" value="84.0">84 cm</quantity>
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(one live adult female), girth at broadest point around belly
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09958FFE3016AF2BFFD37F2DB" box="[636,730,3389,3418]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" unit="cm" value="104.0">104 cm</quantity>
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(one dead adult male),
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09958FFE30722F2BFFB7FF2DB" box="[1076,1170,3389,3418]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" unit="cm" value="108.0">108 cm</quantity>
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(one weakened, pregnant female), ear
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09958FFE30102F2E7FD88F203" box="[532,613,3429,3458]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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(one adult male), 11-5 cm (one adult female); weight
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09958FFE30B3DF495F72EF4B5" box="[2091,2243,2839,2868]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" unit="kg" value="85.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="70.0">70-100 kg</quantity>
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(estimated). Horns at least
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09958FFE30B3CF4BCF796F4DA" box="[2090,2171,2878,2907]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" unit="cm" value="55.0">55 cm</quantity>
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long measured along the curve and
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09958FFE30B3CF4E4F792F402" box="[2090,2175,2918,2947]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" unit="cm" value="51.0">51 cm</quantity>
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measured across the chord.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869958FFE30936F4E4F5A4F402" box="[2592,2633,2918,2947]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Cortinariaceae" genus="Bovini" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="19" pageNumber="590" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="iris">Iris</taxonomicName>
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of the eye dark brown, pupil round. Four mammae. The body of this bovid is fairly compact, and the neck relatively long. Pelage is somewhat short (1.5-2.5 cm), mostly straight (curlier on the belly and inner forelegs), and soft. Most of the pelage is medium brown in color, but there are striking white patches on the sides of the face, muzzle, and above the eye; white pasterns, cream and black bands on the tail and rump, a black “chinstrap” over a whitish chin and throat, and a black dorsal midline stripe. Horns are blackish, long, straight, sharply pointed, and with a long bony core. There is apparently no sexual dimorphism, at least in horn length. Saolas possess what may be the largest (in absolute size) preorbital glands of any extant species, measuring
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CA41BE0995FFFE4034CFE90FF77FEB2" box="[90,154,274,307]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="591" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
x 3-5 cm x 1-5 cm deep. Each gland is covered by a muscular flap, which the Saola can raise at will. Captive Saolas have been observed to raise the flaps and expose the glands when scent marking (by rubbing the underside of the flap on edges of rock), when the animal appears nervous, or when exhibiting defensive behavior. There are also small nodules that may be secretory glands (although this function is not confirmed) associated with the white markings on the face. A captive adult female Saola left tracks in modeling clay measuring 5-6 cm long by 5:3.6-4 cm wide for the forehooves and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CA41BE0995FFFE407DFFE7CFAE4FD9E" box="[1225,1289,510,543]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="591" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long by 5.7-6 cm wide for the hindhooves. The tracks were widest across the middle.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995FFFE4034FFDCFFB3FFD3D" pageId="20" pageNumber="591" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE3B605995FFFE4034FFDCFFB3FFD3D" blockId="20.[83,1294,274,2589]" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9286A17995FFFE4034FFDCFFF29FDEF" bold="true" box="[89,196,589,622]" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Habitat</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Saolas inhabit damp evergreen forests of the Annamite Mountains, possibly up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CA41BE0995FFFE403A1FDF6FECCFD14" box="[183,289,628,661]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="591" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. The species’ lower elevational limit in the absence of human disturbance is not known, but could be
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CA41BE0995FFFE40120FD19FD63FD3D" box="[566,654,667,700]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="591" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. Most records today are from 500-800 m.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995FFFE4034FFD41FDB6FCB3" pageId="20" pageNumber="591" type="food_feeding">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE3B605995FFFE4034FFD41FDB6FCB3" blockId="20.[83,1294,274,2589]" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9286A17995FFFE4034FFD41FEB2FD65" bold="true" box="[89,351,707,740]" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Food and Feeding</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Probably a browser, of both ground vegetation and the leaves of understory woody plants. Local people report that Saolas readily feed on the leaves of an aroid in the genus Schismatoglottis.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995FFFE4034FFCBFFAEBFC29" pageId="20" pageNumber="591" type="breeding">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE3B605995FFFE4034FFCBFFAEBFC29" blockId="20.[83,1294,274,2589]" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9286A17995FFFE4034FFCBFFF37FCDB" bold="true" box="[89,218,829,858]" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Breeding</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Birth of a single calf in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995FFFE40123FCBFFD9EFCDB" box="[565,627,829,858]" name="Laos" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
in the late dry or early rainy season (i.e. April— June) is known to occur (confirmed from a fetus found in a deceased captive), and may be the norm. Otherlife history parameters (e.g. age at first breeding) are little known.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995FFFE4034EFC2DFCF2FC76" pageId="20" pageNumber="591" type="activity">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE3B605995FFFE4034EFC2DFCF2FC76" blockId="20.[83,1294,274,2589]" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9286A17995FFFE4034EFC2DFEADFC51" bold="true" box="[88,320,943,976]" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Activity patterns</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Limited camera-trapping results and observations of a captive indicate that the species is diurnal and/or crepuscular.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995FFFE4034FFC7FFED6FB3D" pageId="20" pageNumber="591" type="biology_ecology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE3B605995FFFE4034FFC7FFED6FB3D" blockId="20.[83,1294,274,2589]" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9286A17995FFFE4034FFC7FFCFFFB9F" bold="true" box="[89,786,1021,1054]" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Movements, Home range and Social organization</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Seasonal movements have been reported by local people, but little more is known. Local people also report that Saolas are usually solitary, except females with calves and possibly loose, extended associations of males and females (2-3 animals) during the breeding season. Home range size is unknown.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995FFFE4034CFB40FCB5F6B0" pageId="20" pageNumber="591" type="conservation">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE3B605995FFFE4034CFB40FCB5F6B0" blockId="20.[83,1294,274,2589]" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9286A17995FFFE4034CFB40FE40FB62" bold="true" box="[90,429,1218,1251]" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Status and Conservation</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. CITES Appendix I. Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. There are no Saolas in captivity anywhere in the world, and no biologist has ever reported seeing one in the wild. The species became known to science only in 1992—it was one of the most spectacular zoological discoveries of the 20" century. The global population is not known, but is probably no more than a few hundred at most, and could be substantially less—the animalis so difficult to detect (solitary, shy, at low density in thick, remote forest) that a population estimate of any confidence is not possible. Surviving animals are probably fragmented into several subpopulations in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995FFFE407DDFA54FAE7FA76" box="[1227,1290,1494,1527]" name="Laos" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995FFFE40383FA7FFEE2F99F" box="[149,271,1533,1566]" name="Vietnam" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. The most recent confirmed record of the species was an animal captured by villagers in Bolikhamsay Province,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995FFFE40175F9A6FD49F9C4" box="[611,676,1572,1605]" name="Laos" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, in August, 2010, and photographed shortly before it died. This was the first indisputable record of a live Saola since 1999. The species is threatened mainly by hunting and snaring for animals valued in the traditional East Asian medicine and the local bushmeat trades. Saolas themselves apparently have limited value and are not aggressively sought; a greater problem is the killing of Saolas incidentally or opportunistically in the widespread pursuit of other species. The Saola is particularly susceptible to hunting with dogs, since it commonly responds to pursuit by dogs by coming to bay and making a stand in a shallow stream. Other increasing direct or indirect threats are road construction, logging, commercial agriculture, mineral mining, hydropower dam development, and human population growth. Conservation priorities are: reduction of wildlife trade demand in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995FFFE4007CF837FC52F84F" box="[874,959,1973,1998]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">China</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995FFFE400DAF837FBA8F84F" box="[972,1093,1973,1998]" name="Vietnam" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995FFFE40786F837FB3CF84F" box="[1168,1233,1973,1998]" name="Laos" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
; immediately improved protected area management, and especially reduction of snaring and other hunting; reduction of illegal or otherwise poorly managed forest clearance; research to learn more about local human hunting patterns and also about Saola ecology, distribution, population,life history, and behavior; and providing motivation and support for Saola conservation in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995FFFE40123F7F9FD9BF715" box="[565,630,2171,2196]" name="Laos" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995FFFE40193F7F9FD13F715" box="[645,766,2171,2196]" name="Vietnam" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, and in the international community. There may be no other mammal in Asia that shares the Saola’s combination of phylogenetic distinctiveness, degree of endangerment, and paucity of conservation attention. Despite this, there may be new hope for the Saola’s survival with the establishment of a dedicated nature reserve in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499878E7995FFFE40109F69AFD20F6B0" box="[543,717,2328,2353]" country="Vietnam" name="Quang Nam" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Quang Nam</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34BF695995FFFE401CDF69AFCB9F6B0" box="[731,852,2328,2353]" name="Vietnam" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C346E58E995FFFE4034CF6BDFE1EF59C" pageId="20" pageNumber="591" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE3B605995FFFE4034CF6BDFE1EF59C" blockId="20.[83,1294,274,2589]" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B9286A17995FFFE4034CF6BDFF1DF6D9" box="[90,240,2367,2392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Bibliography</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Anonymous (2006), Evans et al. (2000), Gatesy & Arctander (2000), Hardcastle et al. (2004), Hassanin & Douzery (1999), Henshaw (1997), Keatts & McWilliam (2010), Kemp et al. (1995), Robichaud, W.G. (1998, 1999), Saola Working Group (2009), Schaller & Rabinowitz (1995), Thomas (1994), Timmins (2001), Timmins, Robichaud et al. (2008), Vu
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499878E7995FFFE402D1F637FE00F64F" box="[455,493,2485,2510]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Van</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
Dung, Nguyen Ngoc Chinh et al. (1995), Vu
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499878E7995FFFE400C6F637FC1BF64F" box="[976,1014,2485,2510]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Van</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
Dung, Pham Mong Giao, Nguyen Ngoc Chinh, Do Touc & MacKinnon (1994), Vu
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499878E7995FFFE401ACF65FFD0DF677" box="[698,736,2525,2550]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="20" pageNumber="591">Van</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
Dung, Pham Mong Giao, Nguyen Ngoc Chinh, Do Touc, Arctander & MacKinnon (1993).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|