155 lines
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155 lines
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.733.14052" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0c062593-7e13-4c0c-8850-a1359910b829" ID-PMC="PMC5799742" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-733-25" ID-PubMed="29416406" ID-ZBK="121ED4602B814911B147A3D6AB04652D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-733-25" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 733" ModsDocTitle="Ampithoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from New Zealand" checkinTime="1517004405061" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peart, Rachael A. & Loerz, Anne-Nina" docDate="2018" docId="300817EF098B806EBE066CFCD19DCAA3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 733: 25-48" docOrigin="ZooKeys 733" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.733.14052" docTitle="Exampithoe plumosa Peart & Loerz, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="9ABFEAC2-509F-42C0-936A-C3FAABB215B2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFB3FFF9FFB9FF8565090405AA51FFFB" masterDocTitle="Ampithoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1668165383096" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Ampithoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from New Zealand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Peart, Rachael A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Loerz, Anne-Nina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>733</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>25</mods:start>
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<mods:end>48</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.733.14052</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.733.14052</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-733-25</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">121ED4602B814911B147A3D6AB04652D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">121ED4602B814911B147A3D6AB04652D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="140496143" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9ABFEAC2-509F-42C0-936A-C3FAABB215B2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/300817EF098B806EBE066CFCD19DCAA3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/9ABFEAC2-509F-42C0-936A-C3FAABB215B2" class="Malacostraca" family="Ampithoidae" genus="Exampithoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Exampithoe plumosa" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumosa">Exampithoe plumosa</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="28">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2, 3, 4
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="28" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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Holotype, male, 10 mm, NIWA 121270, KH-NZ1-9, from drifting
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<taxonomicName class="Phaeophyceae" family="Durvillaeaceae" genus="Durvillaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Durvillaea antarctica" order="Durvillaeales" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">Durvillaea antarctica</taxonomicName>
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raft from near Taiaroa Head, inside Otago Harbour, Dunedin, New Zealand,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-45.771946">45°46'19"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="170.72499">170°43'30"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 0 m depth, 22 January 2010, J. Waters.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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Paratypes: Female, 7 mm, NIWA 121269, Male, 9 mm, ZMH K-46915, KH-NZ1-9, from drifting
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<taxonomicName class="Phaeophyceae" family="Durvillaeaceae" genus="Durvillaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Durvillaea antarctica" order="Durvillaeales" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">Durvillaea antarctica</taxonomicName>
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raft near Taiaroa Head, inside Otago Harbour, Dunedin, New Zealand,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-45.771946">45°46'19"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="170.72499">170°43'30"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 0 m depth, 22 January 2010, J. Waters.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Male: Eye prominent. Antennae similar length to each other. Antenna 2 peduncular articles robust but not elongated. Epistome and upper lip, in situ, directed straight down, perpendicular to the head. Lower lip outer plate entire. Mandible molar well developed and triturating; palp slender and three-articulate, article three distally rounded. Maxilla 1 palp moderately developed. Pereopods setose with plumose setae. Gnathopod 1 robust and sexually dimorphic, coxa slightly produced anteriorly, basis anteroventral lobe prominent and setose, propodus subrectangular, anterodistal setose lobe absent, palm acute and concave, defined by a very small rounded posterodistal tooth and a large robust seta; dactylus shorter than palm. Gnathopod 2 slender and slightly longer than gnathopod 1, sexually dimorphic; basis anteroventral lobe medium sized and setose; carpus subovoid; propodus subequal in length to carpus, propodus narrow, anterodistal lobe absent, palm acute, midpalmar tooth/corner present, defining posterodistal tooth absent, robust seta present; dactylus shorter than palm length. Pereopods 3 and 4 similar in size and shape, basis expanded and glandular; merus slightly expanded, lobe present. Pereopod 5 basis ovoid; distal articles slender; propodus weakly prehensile. Pereopods 6-7 similar lengths; merus and carpus broader than propodus; propodus weakly prehensile.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner rounded without tooth. Uropod 1, in situ, reaching to the end of uropod 2, peduncle distoventral spur absent. Uropod 2 peduncle rounded lateral distoventral process absent. Uropod 3 broad, peduncle with two distal robust setae; rami very short, outer ramus with two recurved robust setae, patch of denticles; inner ramus with just slender distal setae. Telson subrectangular, cusps absent, light denticles present, with lateral and apical setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Female. Similar to male except for gnathopod 1 merus lobe reduced and weakly setose, carpus more slender than male and less setose and subequal in length to the propodus; propodus narrow, weakly setose, palm convex, not sculptured.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Ampithoidae" genus="Exampithoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Exampithoe plumosa" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumosa">Exampithoe plumosa</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype, male, 10 mm, NIWA 121270, Otago Harbour, New Zealand.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Ampithoidae" genus="Exampithoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Exampithoe plumosa" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumosa">Exampithoe plumosa</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. holotype, male, 10 mm, NIWA 121270, Otago Harbour, New Zealand. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A1-2); 0.1 mm (MX1, MXP, LL); 0.2 mm (UL, MD).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Ampithoidae" genus="Exampithoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Exampithoe plumosa" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumosa">Exampithoe plumosa</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. holotype, male, 10 mm, NIWA 121270, paratype, female, 7 mm, NIWA 121269, Otago Harbour, New Zealand. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (male G1-2); 0.2 mm (female G1-2).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Ampithoidae" genus="Exampithoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Exampithoe plumosa" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumosa">Exampithoe plumosa</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. holotype, male, 10 mm, NIWA 121270, Otago Harbour, New Zealand. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (P3-7); 0.2 mm (U1-3, T).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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Named
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<taxonomicName genus="Senticaudata" lsidName="Senticaudata plumosa" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="plumosa">plumosa</taxonomicName>
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, a derivative of the latin plumosus meaning feathered, referring to the feathered nature of majority of the setae present on the type material.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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This is an interesting species for a couple of reasons. Firstly, it is the first record of this genus from the South Island of New Zealand. The only other
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Ampithoidae" genus="Exampithoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Exampithoe" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Exampithoe</taxonomicName>
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species recorded from New Zealand is
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Ampithoidae" genus="Exampithoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Exampithoe taylori" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taylori">Exampithoe taylori</taxonomicName>
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Hughes & Peart, 2015. These two species are recorded from almost opposite ends of the country with over 1000 km between them and situated on water bodies influenced by different currents and geophysical history. Though the two species have some similarities, such as the shape of gnathopod 2 propodus (narrow, palm with a subquadrate midmedial tooth), the shape of the lower lip outer plate (entire), similar setation and shape of uropod 3 (broad peduncle, small rami, 2 distal peduncular robust setae, 1 marginal robust seta), there are also a number strong differences that give the necessity of these being separate species. These differences include: the shape and length of the antennae (A1 and A2 similar length in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. plumosa" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="plumosa">E. plumosa</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A1 shorter than A2 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. taylori" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="taylori">E. taylori</taxonomicName>
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. Antenna 2 peduncular articles are robust but not elongated in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. plumosa" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="plumosa">E. plumosa</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and are robust but considerably elongated in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. taylori" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="taylori">E. taylori</taxonomicName>
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); the shape and size of gnathopod 1 (robust with shortened articles, propodus ovoid to subrectangular, palm excavate with small posterodistal tooth, subquadrate predactylus tooth and large defining robust seta in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. plumosa" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="plumosa">E. plumosa</taxonomicName>
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n.sp. and narrow with elongated articles, propodus subrectangular, palm convex, no defining tooth or predactylus tooth or robust seta in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. taylori" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="taylori">E. taylori</taxonomicName>
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). The other main difference between the two species is the majority of the setae on every appendage of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. plumosa" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="plumosa">E. plumosa</taxonomicName>
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are feathered (plumose) giving this animal a strongly fuzzy look. Whilst
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<taxonomicName lsidName="E. taylori" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="taylori">E. taylori</taxonomicName>
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has numerous setae on the appendages, very few are plumose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="29" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
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second interesting aspect of the discovery of this species is that the specimens were collected from a kelp raft. While many organisms can be found on floating or rafting macroalgae, ampithoids are only occasionally recorded rafting (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="29">Thiel and Gutow 2005</bibRefCitation>
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) but are not obligate rafters. As there are no other records of this species, it cannot be inferred whether it is an obligate rafter or not. The kelp was determined to have been drifting in the water for around five weeks (determined by the stage of goose barnacle
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="30" start="start">settlement</pageBreakToken>
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-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="30">Waters et al. in press</bibRefCitation>
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) and probably originating from southern New Zealand. This is the first record of an ampithoid in this area of New Zealand.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="30">Only known from the type locality, Otago Harbour, South Island, New Zealand.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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