259 lines
35 KiB
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259 lines
35 KiB
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<document id="C9A8E58E43C0F29BC48A8E760FF8E270" ID-CLB-Dataset="27726" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4539.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7c7a589-9f74-4546-9a7b-c3192b9659e5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2615911" ID-ZooBank="2C72727B-79C5-407F-BD92-B12F98196800" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553789058718" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2018" docId="193787A0FFF2FF8EF4CBFBA441EDC82B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4539.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4539 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Calliaster Gray 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="E50EFFD8FFE2FF9FF45CFFC04464CA17" masterDocTitle="New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698715174966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FE45AE2BCBACFF3FCC9155C64C916148">New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8F27131C73380AAF3C3438B45CD5DD4D">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="99777DAB4F88C967290BF01DBEF351D2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D7CBFA8DC5A101737F8BC01F9A003275">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1094F2383B49672F62200800F58AF085">2018-12-21</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C79FF3B237DC8002FCB03687DF481DF5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4539.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="193787A0FFF2FF8EF4CBFBA441EDC82B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5990707" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154521917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5990707" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:193787A0FFF2FF8EF4CBFBA441EDC82B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/193787A0FFF2FF8EF4CBFBA441EDC82B" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFF2FF8FF4CBFBA441FFCED7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFF2FF8FF4CBFBA44766CE69" blockId="16.[151,770,1124,1150]" box="[151,770,1124,1150]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="CA6981DAFFF2FF8FF4CBFBA44766CE69" bold="true" box="[151,770,1124,1150]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF4CBFBA44766CE69" bold="true" box="[151,770,1124,1150]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF4CBFBA445F3CE69" ID-CoL="87DSF" authority="Gray 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[151,407,1124,1150]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF4CBFBA44568CE69" bold="true" box="[151,268,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Calliaster</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF54FFBA445F3CE69" author="Gray, J. E." box="[275,407,1124,1150]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref70506" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias, Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 175 - 184 + 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443282" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray 1840</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(and the “
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF647FBA446F4CE69" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[539,656,1124,1150]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF647FBA446F4CE69" bold="true" box="[539,656,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Calliaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Group”)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFF2FF8FF4CBFB6A41FFCED7" blockId="16.[151,1436,1194,1370]" box="[151,1435,1194,1216]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF4CBFB6A4562CED7" author="Gray, J. E." box="[151,262,1194,1216]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref70506" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias, Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 175 - 184 + 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443282" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray 1840</bibRefCitation>
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: 280;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF51FFB6A4580CED7" author="Doderlein, L." box="[323,484,1194,1216]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="47 - 52" refId="ref69868" refString="Doderlein, L. (1922) Uber die Gattung Calliaster Gray. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 1922, 47 - 52." type="journal article" year="1922">Döderlein 1922</bibRefCitation>
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: 47;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF648FB6B47EFCED7" author="Clark, A. M. & Courtman-Stock, J." box="[532,907,1194,1216]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref69157" refString="Clark, A. M. & Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The echinoderms of Southern Africa. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">A.M. Clark & Courtman-Stock 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 60;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF7E7FB6B400FCED7" author="Clark, A. M." box="[955,1131,1194,1216]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref69077" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea-Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">A.M. Clark 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 246;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF0F4FB6A411DCED7" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[1192,1401,1194,1216]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref73976" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Fol. 33. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp. 1 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 419606" type="book chapter" year="1995">Gates & Rowe 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 64
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFF2FF8FF49BFB09458DCF4D" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFF2FF8FF49BFB0941F8CF2C" blockId="16.[151,1436,1194,1370]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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(as
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF4B7FB094534CEC8" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[235,336,1225,1247]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF4B7FB094534CEC8" box="[235,336,1225,1247]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Calliaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF4CBFB284576CEE9" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[151,274,1256,1278]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="599 - 648" refId="ref70256" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1913) Four new genera and fifty-eight new species of starfishes from the Philippine Islands, Celebes, and the Moluccas. Proceedings of the US National Museum, 43, 599 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.43 - 1944.599" type="journal article" year="1913">Fisher 1913</bibRefCitation>
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: 645; 1919: 320;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF59FFB284617CEE9" author="Clark, A. M." box="[451,627,1256,1278]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref69077" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea-Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">A.M. Clark 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 246;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF6EDFB284710CEE9" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[689,884,1256,1278]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref71887" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp, 23 pls." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 91;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF7F8FB294002CEE9" author="Kogure, Y. & Hashimoto, J. & Yamawaki, N." box="[932,1126,1256,1278]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="83 - 86" refId="ref71659" refString="Kogure, Y., Hashimoto, J. & Yamawaki, N. (2011) A large goniasterid sea star, Astrothauma euphylacteum (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) discovered at the northeastern edge of the East China Sea: a new record in Japanese waters. Biogeography, 13, 83 - 86." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Kogure
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF7ABFB294047CEE9" box="[1015,1059,1256,1278]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 83 (as
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF0EEFB284150CEE9" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[1202,1332,1256,1278]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Astrothauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF0EEFB284150CEE9" box="[1202,1332,1256,1278]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Astrothauma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF4CBFAC7457CCF0B" author="Macan, T. T." box="[151,280,1286,1308]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="324 - 432" refId="ref71993" refString="Macan, T. T. (1938) Asteroidea. British Museum of Natural History, John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34, Scientific Reports, IV (9), 324 - 432." type="journal article" year="1938">Macan 1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 391;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF509FAC74662CF0B" author="Clark, A. M." box="[341,518,1286,1308]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref69077" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea-Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">A.M. Clark 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 261;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF61FFAC74770CF0B" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[579,788,1286,1308]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref73976" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Fol. 33. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp. 1 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 419606" type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe & Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 64 (as
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF73EFAC64793CF0B" authorityName="Macan" authorityYear="1938" box="[866,1015,1286,1308]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mabahissaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF73EFAC64793CF0B" box="[866,1015,1286,1308]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mabahissaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF4CBFAE54531CF2C" author="Clark, H. E. S." box="[151,341,1317,1339]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="35 - 42" refId="ref69232" refString="Clark, H. E. S. (1982) A new genus and two new species of sea-stars from North of New Zealand, with notes on Rosaster species (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). National Museum of New Zealand Records, 2 (5), 35 - 42." type="journal article" year="1982">H.E.S. Clark 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: 35, figs 1–7;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF5BBFAE6463BCF2C" author="Rowe, F. W. E." box="[487,607,1317,1339]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="257 - 292" refId="ref73919" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. (1989) Nine New Deep-Water Species of Echinodermata from Norfolk Island and Wanganella Bank, northeastern Tasman Sea, with a Checklist of the Echinoderm Fauna. Proceedings of The Linnean Society of New South Wales, 111 (1 - 4), 257 - 292." type="journal article" year="1989">Rowe 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 289;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF6C1FAE6472BCF2C" author="Clark, A. M." box="[669,847,1317,1339]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref69077" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea-Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">A.M. Clark 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 264;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF7D0FAE6403BCF2C" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[908,1119,1317,1339]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref73976" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Fol. 33. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp. 1 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 419606" type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe & Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 66; H.E.S. Clark &
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF168FAE541F8CF2C" author="Clark, H. E. S. & McKnight, D. G." box="[1332,1436,1317,1339]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 270" refId="ref69285" refString="Clark, H. E. S. & McKnight, D. G. (2001) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea-stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 117, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="2001">McKnight</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFF2FF8FF49BFA84458DCF4D" blockId="16.[151,1436,1194,1370]" box="[199,489,1348,1370]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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2001: 82; (as
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF50DFA844584CF4D" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1893" box="[337,480,1348,1370]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF50DFA844584CF4D" box="[337,480,1348,1370]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Milteliphaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFF2FF8FF4CBFA464786CC38" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="912136B6FFF2FF8FF4CBFA464786CC38" blockId="16.[151,1437,1414,2015]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF4CBFA464575CF88" bold="true" box="[151,273,1414,1439]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
A highly variable goniasterid group whose primary characters include the presence of one to several enlarged subambulacral spines present in transverse series, enlarged conical pointed spines present on abactinal, marginal and actinal plates. Abactinal, marginal and actinal plate surfaces bare and smooth. Marginal plates form a prominent abactinal border in most genera but this varies among species (and see taxonomic notes below). Body stellate to strongly stellate with known occurrence only in the Indo-Pacific.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D984653DFFF2FF8EF49BF9FA41EDC82B" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="912136B6FFF2FF8FF49BF9FA4038CD10" blockId="16.[151,1437,1414,2015]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF49BF9FA452BCC44" bold="true" box="[199,335,1594,1619]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Comments.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF53EF9FA4751CC44" box="[354,821,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF53EF9FA45B6CC44" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[354,466,1594,1619]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Calliaster</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF5B5F9FA46EACC44" authorityName="Macan" authorityYear="1938" box="[489,654,1594,1619]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mabahissaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Mabahissaster</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF6F9F9FA4751CC44" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[677,821,1594,1619]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Astrothauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Astrothauma</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF7DFF9FA4045CC44" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1893" box="[899,1057,1594,1619]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF7DFF9FA4045CC44" box="[899,1057,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Milteliphaster</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
all show distinctive potential synapomorphies supporting these genera as closely related, either as part of a single lineage, or possibly as synonymous taxa.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF536F94246ECCC8C" author="Aziz, A. & Jangoux, M." box="[362,648,1666,1691]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="585 - 586" refId="ref68179" refString="Aziz, A. & Jangoux, M. (1985) On the status and affinities of the goniasterid genus Calliaster Gray, 1840. In: Keegan, B. F. & O'Connor, B. D. S. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5 th International Echinoderm Conference, Galway, 1984. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 585 - 586." type="book chapter" year="1985">Aziz and Jangoux (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
noted that
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF754F94247C9CC8C" authorityName="Macan" authorityYear="1938" box="[776,941,1666,1691]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mabahissaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF754F94247C9CC8C" box="[776,941,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mabahissaster</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
along with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF069F94240A1CC8C" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[1077,1221,1666,1691]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Astrothauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF069F94240A1CC8C" box="[1077,1221,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Astrothauma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF0A1F94241F8CC8C" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1893" box="[1277,1436,1666,1691]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF0A1F94241F8CC8C" box="[1277,1436,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Milteliphaster</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
showed similarities with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF5E9F9664640CCA8" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[437,548,1702,1727]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF5E9F9664640CCA8" box="[437,548,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Calliaster</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. All four genera display large, transversely aligned subambulacral spines and smooth bare, abactinal and marginal plates surfaces. Most have large, conical spines on plate surfaces. This result was supported by
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF53EF92E459DCD10" author="Mah, C. L." box="[354,505,1774,1799]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref72029" refString="Mah, C. L. (2005) Cladistic Analysis of the Goniasteridae (Asteroidea: Falvatoidea): Phylogeny, Evolution and Biodiversity. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Illinois, Illinois, 378 pp." type="book" year="2005">Mah’s (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
morphological-based phylogeny of the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF7E4F92E4033CD10" baseAuthorityName="Mah and Foltz" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[952,1111,1774,1799]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="912136B6FFF2FF8EF49BF8D34577CB0A" blockId="16.[151,1437,1414,2015]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
|||
|
|
In several instances, the identifying characters for these genera have been shown to be either variable or have otherwise displayed weak support as evidence for these groupings.
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF2FF8FF7D4F8F74042CD58" author="Macan, T. T." box="[904,1062,1847,1871]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="324 - 432" refId="ref71993" refString="Macan, T. T. (1938) Asteroidea. British Museum of Natural History, John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34, Scientific Reports, IV (9), 324 - 432." type="journal article" year="1938">Macan (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
established
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF0ECF8F64131CD58" authorityName="Macan" authorityYear="1938" box="[1200,1365,1846,1871]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mabahissaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF0ECF8F64131CD58" box="[1200,1365,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mabahissaster</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
based primarily on the presence of “numerous distal superomarginal plates in contact” and the granulation of the actinal plates. The abutting of superomarginal plates is variably observed in several species of
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF0D5F8BE4099CD80" box="[1161,1277,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF0D5F8BE409DCD80" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1161,1273,1918,1943]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Calliaster</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
including the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="4E258814FFF2FF8FF4CBF86344A3CDAC" box="[151,199,1955,1979]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
species,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF2FF8FF570F8624662CDAC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[300,518,1954,1979]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="childreni">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF2FF8FF570F8624662CDAC" box="[300,518,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Calliaster childreni</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, albeit only on the superomarginals adjacent to the arm tip. Based on observations of this species, actinal granules are present in larger-sized individuals but absent from smaller sized ones and are interpreted as variable based on size. As no other characters distinguish this genus,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF3FF8EF014FF5741E5CAA7" authority="Macan 1938" authorityName="Macan" authorityYear="1938" box="[1096,1409,151,176]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mabahissaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF3FF8EF014FF574089CAA7" box="[1096,1261,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mabahissaster</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF3FF8EF0A9FF5841E5CAA7" author="Macan, T. T." box="[1269,1409,152,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="324 - 432" refId="ref71993" refString="Macan, T. T. (1938) Asteroidea. British Museum of Natural History, John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34, Scientific Reports, IV (9), 324 - 432." type="journal article" year="1938">Macan 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is entered into the synonymy of the senior
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF3FF8EF601FF7C472BCAC3" authority="Gray 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[605,847,188,213]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF3FF8EF601FF7C46A9CAC2" box="[605,717,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Calliaster</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF3FF8EF688FF7C472BCAC3" author="Gray, J. E." box="[724,847,188,212]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="175 - 184" refId="ref70506" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias, Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 175 - 184 + 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443282" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray 1840</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. This synonymy described for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF3FF8EF0F6FF7C412BCAC2" authorityName="Macan" authorityYear="1938" box="[1194,1359,188,213]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Mabahissaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF3FF8EF0F6FF7C412BCAC2" box="[1194,1359,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mabahissaster</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
herein agrees with the conclusion of
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF3FF8EF65BFF20473DCAEF" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J." box="[519,857,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref73976" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Fol. 33. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp. 1 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 419606" type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe and Gates (1995: 64)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
, which was outlined without a formal character discussion.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="912136B6FFF3FF8EF49BFEE74585CBD8" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
|||
|
|
Examination of further specimens of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF3FF8EF6D9FEE74771CB57" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[645,789,295,320]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Astrothauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF3FF8EF6D9FEE74771CB57" box="[645,789,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Astrothauma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and published descriptions of more recently collected material (e.g.,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF3FF8EF565FE8D466FCB73" author="Kogure, Y. & Hashimoto, J. & Yamawaki, N." box="[313,523,332,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="83 - 86" refId="ref71659" refString="Kogure, Y., Hashimoto, J. & Yamawaki, N. (2011) A large goniasterid sea star, Astrothauma euphylacteum (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) discovered at the northeastern edge of the East China Sea: a new record in Japanese waters. Biogeography, 13, 83 - 86." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
|||
|
|
Kogure
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF3FF8EF5CFFE8D45A7CB72" box="[403,451,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. 2011
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFF3FF8EF64AFE8C468FCB72" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[534,747,332,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref71887" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp, 23 pls." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) indicate that Fisher’s identifying character, the enlarged preterminal superomarginal is variable and does not occur consistently.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF3FF8EF7FCFEAF4054CB9F" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[928,1072,367,392]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Astrothauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF3FF8EF7FCFEAF4054CB9F" box="[928,1072,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Astrothauma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is otherwise consistent with the character definition for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF3FF8EF5F0FE544678CBBA" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[428,540,404,429]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF3FF8EF5F0FE544678CBBA" box="[428,540,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Calliaster</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and conceptually is difficult to differentiate from
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF3FF8EF033FE54411ACBBA" box="[1135,1406,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF3FF8EF033FE544084CBBA" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[1135,1248,404,429]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Calliaster</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF3FF8EF0B2FE54411ACBBA" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[1262,1406,404,429]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Astrothauma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Astrothauma</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
is synonymized with
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF3FF8EF530FE7745BECBC7" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[364,474,439,464]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF3FF8EF530FE7745BECBC7" box="[364,474,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Calliaster</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="912136B6FFF3FF8EF49BFE1C41EDC82B" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
|||
|
|
Further discussion on
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF3FF8EF581FE1C461FCBE2" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1893" box="[477,635,476,501]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF3FF8EF581FE1C461FCBE2" box="[477,635,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Milteliphaster</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is outlined below under the comments for the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="4E258814FFF3FF8EF0BDFE1D4175CBE2" box="[1249,1297,477,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
species of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF3FF8EF4CBFE3F45A9C80F" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,461,511,536]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="woodmasoni">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF3FF8EF4CBFE3F45A9C80F" box="[151,461,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Milteliphaster woodmasoni</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Synonymy above reflects all incorrect usage of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF3FF8EF04DFE3F40D4C80F" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1893" box="[1041,1200,511,536]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Milteliphaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF3FF8EF04DFE3F40D4C80F" box="[1041,1200,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Milteliphaster</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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beyond the original description. Much further work on
|
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFF3FF8EF67CFDE446F4C82A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[544,656,548,573]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFF3FF8EF67CFDE446F4C82A" box="[544,656,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Calliaster</emphasis>
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
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|
|
remains to be done and, as such, an identification key is premature.
|
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|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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|
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</treatment>
|
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</document>
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