treatments-xml/data/5D/5F/AC/5D5FAC5DAF07518CA816410B129D7C33.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47620" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6b7dff3a-b036-4615-ac66-8946bbfd39e2" ID-PMC="PMC7200892" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-930-3" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CCE966F157C6546F9D8A0471493C80F6" ID-PubMed="32390746" ID-ZooBank="21AD97D78E864F0A9C205E1E4BFDDB56" ModsDocID="1313-2970-930-3" checkinTime="1588165351563" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wesener, Thomas &amp; Anilkumar, Pooja Avinipully" docDate="2020" docId="5D5FAC5DAF07518CA816410B129D7C33" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 930: 3-35" docOrigin="ZooKeys 930" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47620" docTitle="Zoosphaerium taitii Anilkumar &amp; Wesener 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="DA735EC5-8612-4C13-A42E-910718F6ED4C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="CCE966F157C6546F9D8A0471493C80F6" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="CCE966F157C6546F9D8A0471493C80F6" masterDocTitle="The millipedes collected by the Museum &quot; La Specola &quot; on Madagascar 1989 / 1991, with the description of three new species of giant pill-millipedes (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="3" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1668168794877" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>The millipedes collected by the Museum &quot; La Specola &quot; on Madagascar 1989 / 1991, with the description of three new species of giant pill-millipedes (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wesener, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Anilkumar, Pooja Avinipully</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113, Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8473-1457</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">pooja.anilkumar54@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>930</mods:number>
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<mods:start>3</mods:start>
<mods:end>35</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47620</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.47620</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-930-3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163875355" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DA735EC5-8612-4C13-A42E-910718F6ED4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D5FAC5DAF07518CA816410B129D7C33" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName LSID="5D5FAC5D-AF07-518C-A816-410B129D7C33" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener" authorityYear="2020" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoosphaerium taitii" order="Diplopoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taitii" status="sp. nov.">Zoosphaerium taitii Anilkumar &amp; Wesener</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="3">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM, Endotergum of mid body tergites, ventral view. A Zoosphaerium mangabe sp. nov., male from Marojejy B Zoosphaerium bartolozzii sp. nov., male holotype C Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype. Abbreviations: IA = inner area; ci = cuticular impressions; mr = marginal ridge; mb = marginal bristles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404587" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Figures 5C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype, SEM, Right antenna. A lateral view B antennomeres 1 and 2 with sclerotized teeth C apical disc with four sensory cones. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; ad = apical disc; sb = sensilla basiconica; sc-t = sclerotized teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404590" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">, 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype. A, B Coxae of first and second right legs, D - F Left anterior telopod. A first stigmatic plate B second stigmatic plate C 9 th left leg D anterior view E posterior view F mesal view. Abbreviations: as = apical spine; cx = coxa; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; fe = femur; f-rdg = femur ridge; gp = gonopore; mem-p = apical membranous part of plate covering gonopore; pf = prefemur; po = postfemur; scl-p = sclerotized plate; sp-p = second podomere process; sr = stridulation rib; ss = sclerotized spot; st = stigmatic plate; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = tracheal opening. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404591" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">, 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype, left anterior telopod. G lateral view. H, I Left posterior telopod. H posterior view I anterior view. Abbreviations: cr-t = crenulated teeth; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; imm-f = immovable finger; mf = movable finger; ml = membranous lobes; s-ca = shallow cavity sn = sclerotized nubs; ss = sclerotized spot. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404592" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">, 10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Adjective, the species is named after the land isopod expert Dr. Stefano Taiti who collected this species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">1</emphasis>
♂ 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Holotype</emphasis>
(MZUF)
</emphasis>
, Madagascar: SW 17 km Edi Sakaraha, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
de Zombitsy, foresta secca, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.1" value="-22.87975">22°52'47.1&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="44" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="41.1" value="44.611416">44°36'41.1&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, n. Mag. 1107. Legit: Bartolozzi, S. Taiti, C. Raharimina, 15 May 1991.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
1 ♂, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">CAS BLF Mei-99 Ma-14</emphasis>
, Province Toliara, Zombitse Nature Reserve, 16 km E Sakaraha, 825 m, tropical forest on sand, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.88231" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.88231">22.88231°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="44.70062" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="44.70062">44.70062°E</geoCoordinate>
, coll. E. L. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin, 15-18 Dec 1999.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener" authorityYear="2020" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoosphaerium taitii" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taitii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Zoosphaerium taitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is mostly similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. isalo" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="isalo">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. isalo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both differing from all other species in the anterior telopod where sclerotized teeth are absent on the third podomere. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener" authorityYear="2020" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoosphaerium taitii" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taitii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Zoosphaerium taitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. isalo" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="isalo">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. isalo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the shorter marginal bristles of the endotergum (protruding above the tergite margin in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. isalo" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="isalo">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. isalo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the higher number of ventral spines on leg 2 (four or five versus six or seven) and the slightly differently shaped anal shield (tapering in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. isalo" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="isalo">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. isalo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, well-rounded in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. taitii" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="taitii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. taitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">(all measurements in mm):</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Body length: holotype male: length 20.4, width 9.4 (2nd) up to 9.9 (tergite 9 = widest), height 5.4 (2nd = highest).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Coloration</emphasis>
: Strongly faded due to exposure to alcohol. Antennae dark green. Legs basally brown and apically green. Head and collum light green. Tergites and anal shield faded light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Head</emphasis>
: Eyes with 60-70 ommatidia. Antennae short, protruding up to leg 3 or 4. Size of antennomeres 1&gt;2&lt;3&gt;4&lt;5&lt;6 (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype, SEM, Right antenna. A lateral view B antennomeres 1 and 2 with sclerotized teeth C apical disc with four sensory cones. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; ad = apical disc; sb = sensilla basiconica; sc-t = sclerotized teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404590" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">8A</figureCitation>
). Antennomeres 1-3 with sclerotized teeth. Antennomeres 1 and 6 with a single row of sensilla basiconica (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype, SEM, Right antenna. A lateral view B antennomeres 1 and 2 with sclerotized teeth C apical disc with four sensory cones. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; ad = apical disc; sb = sensilla basiconica; sc-t = sclerotized teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404590" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">8B, C</figureCitation>
). Antennomeres 3-6 with long setae. Antennomere 6 with an apical disc containing four apical sensory cones (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype, SEM, Right antenna. A lateral view B antennomeres 1 and 2 with sclerotized teeth C apical disc with four sensory cones. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; ad = apical disc; sb = sensilla basiconica; sc-t = sclerotized teeth." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404590" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">8B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404590" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener" authorityYear="2020" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoosphaerium taitii" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taitii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Zoosphaerium taitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male holotype, SEM, Right antenna. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">A</emphasis>
lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">B</emphasis>
antennomeres 1 and 2 with sclerotized teeth 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">C</emphasis>
apical disc with four sensory cones. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; ad = apical disc; sb = sensilla basiconica; sc-t = sclerotized teeth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Gnathochilarium</emphasis>
: Stipites and central mentum with long setae, setae absent at center of lamellae linguales. Inner palpi protruding to medial side of gnathochilarium, bearing single field of sensory cones. Rudimentary lateral palpi sharing a well-developed base bearing four sensory cones. Hypopharynx with one row of marginal teeth. Central pads apically protruding from lamellae linguales, with a median triangular incision on each pad. Posterior half of underside with single field of large sensory cones interspersed with longer, slimmer structures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Mandible</emphasis>
not dissected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Stigmatic plates</emphasis>
: First stigmatic plate apically elliptical with marginal setae, lateral end pointed (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype. A, B Coxae of first and second right legs, D - F Left anterior telopod. A first stigmatic plate B second stigmatic plate C 9 th left leg D anterior view E posterior view F mesal view. Abbreviations: as = apical spine; cx = coxa; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; fe = femur; f-rdg = femur ridge; gp = gonopore; mem-p = apical membranous part of plate covering gonopore; pf = prefemur; po = postfemur; scl-p = sclerotized plate; sp-p = second podomere process; sr = stridulation rib; ss = sclerotized spot; st = stigmatic plate; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = tracheal opening. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404591" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">9A</figureCitation>
). Second stigmatic plate trapezoidal with nine spines near tracheal opening, covered with tiny setae inside and few long marginal setae (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype. A, B Coxae of first and second right legs, D - F Left anterior telopod. A first stigmatic plate B second stigmatic plate C 9 th left leg D anterior view E posterior view F mesal view. Abbreviations: as = apical spine; cx = coxa; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; fe = femur; f-rdg = femur ridge; gp = gonopore; mem-p = apical membranous part of plate covering gonopore; pf = prefemur; po = postfemur; scl-p = sclerotized plate; sp-p = second podomere process; sr = stridulation rib; ss = sclerotized spot; st = stigmatic plate; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = tracheal opening. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404591" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">9B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404591" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener" authorityYear="2020" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoosphaerium taitii" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taitii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Zoosphaerium taitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male holotype. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">B</emphasis>
Coxae of first and second right legs, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">F</emphasis>
Left anterior telopod. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">A</emphasis>
first stigmatic plate 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">B</emphasis>
second stigmatic plate 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">C</emphasis>
9th left leg 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">D</emphasis>
anterior view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">E</emphasis>
posterior view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">F</emphasis>
mesal view. Abbreviations: as = apical spine; cx = coxa; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; fe = femur; f-rdg = femur ridge; gp = gonopore; mem-p = apical membranous part of plate covering gonopore; pf = prefemur; po = postfemur; scl-p = sclerotized plate; sp-p = second podomere process; sr = stridulation rib; ss = sclerotized spot; st = stigmatic plate; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = tracheal opening. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Pleurite</emphasis>
: First pleurite weakly extending posteriorly with a well-rounded tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Collum</emphasis>
: Glabrous, anterior and posterior margin with sparse rows of isolated setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Thoracic shield</emphasis>
: Glabrous expect for narrow lateral grooves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Tergites</emphasis>
: Surface glabrous and shiny, chagrined. Paratergite tips not projecting.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Endotergum</emphasis>
: Inner area with narrow conical spines, very few isolated setae. A single row of rounded-elliptical cuticular impressions. Broad smooth marginal ridge. Two rows of marginal bristle protruding towards marginal brim, few reaching tip, other few reaching 1/4-3/4 of distance to margin (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM, Endotergum of mid body tergites, ventral view. A Zoosphaerium mangabe sp. nov., male from Marojejy B Zoosphaerium bartolozzii sp. nov., male holotype C Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype. Abbreviations: IA = inner area; ci = cuticular impressions; mr = marginal ridge; mb = marginal bristles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404587" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Anal shield</emphasis>
: Large and well rounded, surface glabrous. Two locking carinae, second carina 2.3 times longer than first, close to anal shield margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Legs</emphasis>
: Leg 1 with four or five spines, leg 2 with six or seven spines, leg 3 with seven or eight ventral spines and an apical spine, legs 4-21 with nine ventral spines and one apical spine. In leg 9 femur 2.0, tarsus 4.7 times longer than wide. Uniform distribution of setae on all podomeres. Prefemur and femur with few long setae. Femur ridge length reaching 1/4 of femur length (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype. A, B Coxae of first and second right legs, D - F Left anterior telopod. A first stigmatic plate B second stigmatic plate C 9 th left leg D anterior view E posterior view F mesal view. Abbreviations: as = apical spine; cx = coxa; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; fe = femur; f-rdg = femur ridge; gp = gonopore; mem-p = apical membranous part of plate covering gonopore; pf = prefemur; po = postfemur; scl-p = sclerotized plate; sp-p = second podomere process; sr = stridulation rib; ss = sclerotized spot; st = stigmatic plate; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = tracheal opening. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404591" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">9C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Female unknown</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Male sexual characters</emphasis>
: Gonopore slightly oval, rounded apically, divided, reaching 1/2 length and 1/4 width of coxa, covered by 1/4 semicircular membranous plate apically and 3/4 sclerotized plate basally with few setae (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype. A, B Coxae of first and second right legs, D - F Left anterior telopod. A first stigmatic plate B second stigmatic plate C 9 th left leg D anterior view E posterior view F mesal view. Abbreviations: as = apical spine; cx = coxa; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; fe = femur; f-rdg = femur ridge; gp = gonopore; mem-p = apical membranous part of plate covering gonopore; pf = prefemur; po = postfemur; scl-p = sclerotized plate; sp-p = second podomere process; sr = stridulation rib; ss = sclerotized spot; st = stigmatic plate; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = tracheal opening. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404591" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">9B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Anterior telopod</emphasis>
: Harp carrying one stridulation rib positioned medially with one end pointing laterad. Podomere 1 broad with marginal setae, few setae above stridulation rib (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype. A, B Coxae of first and second right legs, D - F Left anterior telopod. A first stigmatic plate B second stigmatic plate C 9 th left leg D anterior view E posterior view F mesal view. Abbreviations: as = apical spine; cx = coxa; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; fe = femur; f-rdg = femur ridge; gp = gonopore; mem-p = apical membranous part of plate covering gonopore; pf = prefemur; po = postfemur; scl-p = sclerotized plate; sp-p = second podomere process; sr = stridulation rib; ss = sclerotized spot; st = stigmatic plate; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = tracheal opening. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404591" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">9D</figureCitation>
) and a shallow mesal cavity laterally (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype. A, B Coxae of first and second right legs, D - F Left anterior telopod. A first stigmatic plate B second stigmatic plate C 9 th left leg D anterior view E posterior view F mesal view. Abbreviations: as = apical spine; cx = coxa; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; fe = femur; f-rdg = femur ridge; gp = gonopore; mem-p = apical membranous part of plate covering gonopore; pf = prefemur; po = postfemur; scl-p = sclerotized plate; sp-p = second podomere process; sr = stridulation rib; ss = sclerotized spot; st = stigmatic plate; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = tracheal opening. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404591" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">9E</figureCitation>
). Podomere 2, process visible in anterior view, reaching 2/3rd of length of podomere 3 (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype. A, B Coxae of first and second right legs, D - F Left anterior telopod. A first stigmatic plate B second stigmatic plate C 9 th left leg D anterior view E posterior view F mesal view. Abbreviations: as = apical spine; cx = coxa; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; fe = femur; f-rdg = femur ridge; gp = gonopore; mem-p = apical membranous part of plate covering gonopore; pf = prefemur; po = postfemur; scl-p = sclerotized plate; sp-p = second podomere process; sr = stridulation rib; ss = sclerotized spot; st = stigmatic plate; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = tracheal opening. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404591" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">9D</figureCitation>
), with sclerotized nubs along apical-mesal margin and one basal spine present below field of spots (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype. A, B Coxae of first and second right legs, D - F Left anterior telopod. A first stigmatic plate B second stigmatic plate C 9 th left leg D anterior view E posterior view F mesal view. Abbreviations: as = apical spine; cx = coxa; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; fe = femur; f-rdg = femur ridge; gp = gonopore; mem-p = apical membranous part of plate covering gonopore; pf = prefemur; po = postfemur; scl-p = sclerotized plate; sp-p = second podomere process; sr = stridulation rib; ss = sclerotized spot; st = stigmatic plate; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = tracheal opening. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404591" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">9F</figureCitation>
). Podomere 3 apically broad, rounded, longer than podomere 2 (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype. A, B Coxae of first and second right legs, D - F Left anterior telopod. A first stigmatic plate B second stigmatic plate C 9 th left leg D anterior view E posterior view F mesal view. Abbreviations: as = apical spine; cx = coxa; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; fe = femur; f-rdg = femur ridge; gp = gonopore; mem-p = apical membranous part of plate covering gonopore; pf = prefemur; po = postfemur; scl-p = sclerotized plate; sp-p = second podomere process; sr = stridulation rib; ss = sclerotized spot; st = stigmatic plate; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = tracheal opening. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404591" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">9F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype, left anterior telopod. G lateral view. H, I Left posterior telopod. H posterior view I anterior view. Abbreviations: cr-t = crenulated teeth; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; imm-f = immovable finger; mf = movable finger; ml = membranous lobes; s-ca = shallow cavity sn = sclerotized nubs; ss = sclerotized spot. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404592" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">10G</figureCitation>
), and carrying one dark sclerotized spot at apical tip (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype. A, B Coxae of first and second right legs, D - F Left anterior telopod. A first stigmatic plate B second stigmatic plate C 9 th left leg D anterior view E posterior view F mesal view. Abbreviations: as = apical spine; cx = coxa; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; fe = femur; f-rdg = femur ridge; gp = gonopore; mem-p = apical membranous part of plate covering gonopore; pf = prefemur; po = postfemur; scl-p = sclerotized plate; sp-p = second podomere process; sr = stridulation rib; ss = sclerotized spot; st = stigmatic plate; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = tracheal opening. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404591" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">9F</figureCitation>
). Field of sclerotized spots run along apical-basal margin with four spines out of six visible (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype. A, B Coxae of first and second right legs, D - F Left anterior telopod. A first stigmatic plate B second stigmatic plate C 9 th left leg D anterior view E posterior view F mesal view. Abbreviations: as = apical spine; cx = coxa; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; fe = femur; f-rdg = femur ridge; gp = gonopore; mem-p = apical membranous part of plate covering gonopore; pf = prefemur; po = postfemur; scl-p = sclerotized plate; sp-p = second podomere process; sr = stridulation rib; ss = sclerotized spot; st = stigmatic plate; syn = syncoxite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = tracheal opening. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404591" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">9F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype, left anterior telopod. G lateral view. H, I Left posterior telopod. H posterior view I anterior view. Abbreviations: cr-t = crenulated teeth; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; imm-f = immovable finger; mf = movable finger; ml = membranous lobes; s-ca = shallow cavity sn = sclerotized nubs; ss = sclerotized spot. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404592" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">10G</figureCitation>
). Three spines positioned at apical margin above field of spots, one in middle of cavity with tip protruding to sclerotized spot, one small single spine in lateral projected area slightly towards base, and one spine at base of field of spots (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype, left anterior telopod. G lateral view. H, I Left posterior telopod. H posterior view I anterior view. Abbreviations: cr-t = crenulated teeth; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; imm-f = immovable finger; mf = movable finger; ml = membranous lobes; s-ca = shallow cavity sn = sclerotized nubs; ss = sclerotized spot. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404592" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">10G</figureCitation>
). Podomeres 2 and 3 covered with setae except mesally (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype, left anterior telopod. G lateral view. H, I Left posterior telopod. H posterior view I anterior view. Abbreviations: cr-t = crenulated teeth; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; imm-f = immovable finger; mf = movable finger; ml = membranous lobes; s-ca = shallow cavity sn = sclerotized nubs; ss = sclerotized spot. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404592" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">10G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404592" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener" authorityYear="2020" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoosphaerium taitii" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taitii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Zoosphaerium taitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., male holotype, left anterior telopod. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">G</emphasis>
lateral view. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">H</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">I</emphasis>
Left posterior telopod. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">H</emphasis>
posterior view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">I</emphasis>
anterior view. Abbreviations: cr-t = crenulated teeth; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; imm-f = immovable finger; mf = movable finger; ml = membranous lobes; s-ca = shallow cavity sn = sclerotized nubs; ss = sclerotized spot. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Posterior telopod</emphasis>
: Movable finger 2.5 times longer than wide with tip slightly curving towards immovable finger. Apical tip with a dark sclerotized spot, eight sclerotized crenulated teeth (arranged in three groups), three mesal spines (two merged at tip), with very few setae at base and a shallow mesal cavity with two membranous lobes (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype, left anterior telopod. G lateral view. H, I Left posterior telopod. H posterior view I anterior view. Abbreviations: cr-t = crenulated teeth; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; imm-f = immovable finger; mf = movable finger; ml = membranous lobes; s-ca = shallow cavity sn = sclerotized nubs; ss = sclerotized spot. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404592" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">10H, I</figureCitation>
). First five teeth positioned below apically merged spines, other two teeth below middle spine, located in middle of first membranous lobe, two isolated single tooth located between both membranous lobes (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype, left anterior telopod. G lateral view. H, I Left posterior telopod. H posterior view I anterior view. Abbreviations: cr-t = crenulated teeth; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; imm-f = immovable finger; mf = movable finger; ml = membranous lobes; s-ca = shallow cavity sn = sclerotized nubs; ss = sclerotized spot. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404592" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">10H</figureCitation>
). Immovable finger 4.3 times longer than wide, reaching 3/4th of length of movable finger, slender, tip curved towards movable finger with a row of small sclerotized spots along 1/4 apical mesal margin, covered with setae in posterior aspect (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Zoosphaerium taitii sp. nov., male holotype, left anterior telopod. G lateral view. H, I Left posterior telopod. H posterior view I anterior view. Abbreviations: cr-t = crenulated teeth; ds-p = dark sclerotized spot; imm-f = immovable finger; mf = movable finger; ml = membranous lobes; s-ca = shallow cavity sn = sclerotized nubs; ss = sclerotized spot. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.930.47620.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/404592" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">10H</figureCitation>
). Podomere 1 glabrous except for very few marginal setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="3" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
This species was described as a population of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. isalo" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="isalo">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. isalo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a previous study, already with a remark that the status of the population should be evaluated when more male specimens become available (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2097.1.1" author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 131" refId="B55" refString="Wesener, T, 2009. Unexplored richness: discovery of 31 new species of Giant Pill-Millipedes endemic to Madagascar, with a special emphasis on micro-endemism (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida). Zootaxa 2097: 1 - 131, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2097.1.1" title="Unexplored richness: discovery of 31 new species of Giant Pill-Millipedes endemic to Madagascar, with a special emphasis on micro-endemism (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2097.1.1" volume="2097" year="2009">Wesener 2009</bibRefCitation>
). With the additional male specimen available from the collections of the &quot;La Specola&quot; Museum, we feel more confident in describing the Zombitse specimens as a species separate from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. isalo" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="isalo">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. isalo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species lives in sympatry with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. album" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="album">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. album</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wesener, 2009, a species belonging to a different species group (
<bibRefCitation author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="Bonn Zoological Bulletin Supplementum" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 104" refId="B58" refString="Wesener, T, 2016. The Giant Pill-Millipedes, order Sphaerotheriida - An annotated species catalogue with morphological atlas and list of apomorphies (Arthropoda: Diplopoda). Bonn Zoological Bulletin Supplementum 63: 1 - 104" title="The Giant Pill-Millipedes, order Sphaerotheriida - An annotated species catalogue with morphological atlas and list of apomorphies (Arthropoda: Diplopoda)." volume="63" year="2016">Wesener 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="09FF8801A769263A849B0ACE01C8C169" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/09FF8801A769263A849B0ACE01C8C169" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Table 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. isalo" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="isalo">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. isalo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wesener, 2009, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. bilobum" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="bilobum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. bilobum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wesener, 2009, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. tigrioculatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="tigrioculatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. tigrioculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wesener &amp; Bespalova, 2010, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. bartolozzii" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="bartolozzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. bartolozzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. taitii" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="taitii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. taitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Abbreviations: ANT - Antenna; aT - anterior telopod, bas - basiconica, Endo - endotergum. Modified after 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0102" author="Wesener, T" journalOrPublisher="African Invertebrates" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" pagination="133 - 161" refId="B68" refString="Wesener, T, Bespalova, I, Sierwald, P, 2010b. Madagascar's living giants: discovery of five new species of endemic giant pill-millipedes from Madagascar (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Arthrosphaeridae: Zoosphaerium). African Invertebrates 51 (1): 133 - 161, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0102" title="Madagascar's living giants: discovery of five new species of endemic giant pill-millipedes from Madagascar (Diplopoda: Sphaerotheriida: Arthrosphaeridae: Zoosphaerium)." url="https://doi.org/10.5733/afin.051.0102" volume="51" year="2010 b">Wesener et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Character</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. isalo" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="isalo">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. isalo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. bilobum" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="bilobum">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. bilobum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. tigrioculatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="tigrioculatum">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. tigrioculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. bartolozzii" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="bartolozzii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. bartolozzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName lsidName="Z. taitii" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="taitii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Z. taitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Shape of anal shield</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">Tapering</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">Tapering</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">Weakly bell shaped</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">Well rounded</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">Well rounded</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Locking carinae</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
2nd 3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1st
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
2nd 2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1st
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
2nd 4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1st
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
2nd 3.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1st
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
2nd 2.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1st
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">1st leg no. of ventral spines</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">3 or 4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">6 or 7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">4 or 5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">3 or 4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">4 or 5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">2nd leg no. of ventral spines</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">4 or 5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">8 or 9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">6 or 7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">6 or 7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">6 or 7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">aT, 2nd podomere in av</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">visible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">Not visible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">visible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">visible</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">visible</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">aT, 3rd podomere in av</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">without crenulated teeth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">without crenulated teeth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">with crenulated teeth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">with crenulated teeth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">without crenulated teeth</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">ANT, sclerotized teeth</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">on antennomeres 1-4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">on antennomeres 1-5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">on antennomeres 1-3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">on antennomeres 1-3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">on antennomeres 1-3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">ANT, sensilla bas.</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">only on 1st</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">only on 1st and 5th</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">on 1st and 2nd</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">only on 1st</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Endo, marginal bristle</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">protruding slightly above margin</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">extending beyond margin</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">extending beyond</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">protruding to margin</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">protruding to margin</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="3">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="3">Endo, cuticular patterns</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">single row</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">two rows</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">two rows</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">single row</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="3" rowspan="1">single row</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>