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<mods:title id="A2FE061E046A10B8562C37D900441299">Notes on the genus Polycaena Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) with descriptions of two new species from China</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFF18FC6CB15BFC13" bold="true" box="[151,857,966,992]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311DFF9CFF18FC6CB0CBFC13" authority="Chou &amp; Yuan, 2001" authorityName="Chou &amp; Yuan" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,713,966,992]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lua" status="stat. nov." subSpecies="taibaiensis">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFF18FC6CB3C8FC13" bold="true" box="[151,458,966,992]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Polycaena lua taibaiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9505748F311DFF9CFE5EFC6CB0CBFC13" author="Chou" box="[465,713,966,992]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" refString="Chou, I. &amp; Yuan, X. - Q. (2001) New species, new subspecies and new record of butterflies (Lepidoptera) from China (IV). Entomotaxonomia, 23, 141 - 146." type="journal article" year="2001">
Chou &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="898349EE311DFF9CFDB2FC6CB083FC13" box="[573,641,966,992]" name="Vietnam" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Yuan</collectingCountry>
, 2001
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</taxonomicName>
, 
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<paragraph id="F12B097E311DFF9CFF18FC43B056FBF1" blockId="10.[151,857,966,1026]" box="[151,596,1001,1026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
(
<figureCitation id="69AF15FB311DFF9CFF10FC43B325FBF1" box="[159,295,1001,1026]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 24" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1725,1748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,195,1701]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 24. Habitus of Polycaena taxa at same scale. 1 – 8 — Polycaena kansuensis; 1 – 2 — syntype ♂ and its labels; 3 – 6 — ♂♂ from Xiahe, S Gansu; 7 – 8 — ♂ from Xining, NE Qinghai. 9 – 13 — P. lama; 9 — syntype ♂ (after Leech [1893]); 10 — syntype ♀ (after Leech [1893]); 11 — ♂ from Litang; 12 — ♀ from Kangding; 13 — ♂ from Yajiang. 14 — P. wangjiaqii, holotype ♂. 15 – 18 — P. sejila; 15 – 16 — holotype ♂; 17 – 18 — paratype ♂. 19 – 20 — P. lua taibaiensis, ♂♂ from Chang-an, Shaanxi. 21 – 22 — P. lua lua; 21 — ♂ from Huangyuan, NE Qinghai; 22 — ♂ from Guoluo, Qinghai. 23 – 24 — P. m i no r; 23 — ♂ from Batang, W Sichuan; 24 — ♂ from Yushu, SE Qinghai. 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 17 — upper side; 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 18 — underside; 9 – 14, 19 – 24 — upper side (left half) and underside (right half)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258395/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Figs. 19–20</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="69AF15FB311DFF9CFEBDFC40B379FBF1" box="[306,379,1002,1026]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 49" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1858,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,733,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,733,1838]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 49. ♂ genitalia in lateral view at same scale. 41 — Polycaena lama (specimen shown in Fig. 11); 42 — P. wangjiaqii, holotype (Fig. 14); 43 — P. kansuensis (Fig. 5); 44 — P. sejila, holotype (Fig. 15); 45 — P. lua lua (Fig. 22); 46 — P. lua lua (Fig. 21); 47 — P. lua taibaiensis (Fig. 19); 48 — P. lua taibaiensis (Fig. 20); 49 — P. minor (Fig. 23)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258397/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">47–48</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="69AF15FB311DFF9CFE09FC43B3CDFBF1" box="[390,463,1001,1026]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 58" captionStartId="5.[151,264,823,846]" captionTargetBox="[185,1415,193,792]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[172,1416,193,805]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 58. Tegumen and scaphium in dorsal view (50 – 52, 55 – 58 at same scale; 53 – 54 at an enlarged scale). 50 — Polycaena lama (specimen shown in Fig. 11); 51 — P. wangjiaqii, holotype (Fig. 14); 52 — P. kansuensis (Fig. 7); 53 — P. sejila, holotype (Fig. 15); 54 — P. m i no r (Fig. 23); 55 — P. lua lua (Fig. 22); 56 — P. lua lua (Fig. 21); 57 — P. lua taibaiensis (Fig. 19); 58 — P. lua taibaiensis (Fig. 20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258398/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">57–58</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="69AF15FB311DFF9CFE55FC43B3FBFBF1" box="[474,505,1001,1026]" captionStart="FIGURES 59 – 65" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[175,1410,1001,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[175,1411,987,1891]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 59 – 65. Inner lateral view of left valva (left half) and outer lateral view of left valva (right half) (59 – 61 at same scale; 62 – 65 at an enlarged scale). 59 — Polycaena lama (specimen shown in Fig. 11); 60 — P. wangjiaqii, holotype (Fig. 14); 61 — P. kansuensis (Fig. 7); 62 — P. sejila, holotype (Fig. 15); 63 — P. minor (Fig. 23); 64 — P. lua lua (Fig. 22); 65 — P. lua taibaiensis (Fig. 19)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258399/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">65</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="69AF15FB311DFF9CFD8BFC40B020FBF1" box="[516,546,1002,1026]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 72" captionStartId="6.[151,264,893,916]" captionTargetBox="[177,1412,193,876]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[177,1413,193,877]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 72. Inner lateral view of right valva, central plate, juxta and phallus and dorsal view of juxta (at left bottom) (66 – 68 at same scale; 69 – 72 at an enlarged scale). 66 — Polycaena lama (specimen shown in Fig. 11); 67 — P. wangjiaqii, holotype (Fig. 14); 68 — P. kansuensis (Fig. 7); 69 — P. sejila, holotype (Fig. 15); 70 — P. lua lua (Fig. 22); 71 — P. lua taibaiensis (Fig. 19); 72 — P. minor (Fig. 23)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258400/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">71</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="69AF15FB311DFF9CFDA1FC40B049FBF1" box="[558,587,1002,1026]" captionStart="FIGURES 73 – 79" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1465,1488]" captionTargetBox="[169,1412,339,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[169,1413,339,1439]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 73 – 79. Lateral view of central plate (at top), dorsal view of central plate (at center) and lateral or ventral view of phallus (at bottom) (73 – 75 at same scale; 76 – 79 at an enlarged scale). 73 — Polycaena lama (specimen shown in Fig. 11); 74 — P. kansuensis (Fig. 7); 75 — P. wangjiaqii, holotype (Fig. 14); 76 — P. sejila, holotype (Fig. 15); 77 — P. lua lua (Fig. 22); 78 — P. lua taibaiensis (Fig. 19); 79 — P. minor (Fig. 23)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/258401/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">78</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B98E5AF5311DFF9CFF18FB80B66FFBB3" box="[151,1133,1066,1088]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F12B097E311DFF9CFF18FB80B66FFBB3" blockId="10.[151,1133,1066,1088]" box="[151,1133,1066,1088]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D1842E50311DFF9CFF18FB80B66FFBB3" box="[151,1133,1066,1088]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311DFF9CFF18FB80B0B7FBB3" authority="Chou &amp; Yuan, 2001: 142" authorityName="Chou &amp; Yuan" authorityPageNumber="142" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,693,1066,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lama" subSpecies="taibaiensis">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFF18FB80B3ADFBB3" box="[151,431,1066,1088]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Polycaena lama taibaiensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="70352F6F311DFF9CFE3AFB80B0B7FBB3" author="Chou" box="[437,693,1066,1088]" page="142" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="9505748F311DFF9CFE3AFB80B081FBB3" author="Chou" box="[437,643,1066,1088]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" refString="Chou, I. &amp; Yuan, X. - Q. (2001) New species, new subspecies and new record of butterflies (Lepidoptera) from China (IV). Entomotaxonomia, 23, 141 - 146." type="journal article" year="2001">
Chou &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="898349EE311DFF9CFD83FB81B041FBB3" box="[524,579,1067,1088]" name="Vietnam" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Yuan</collectingCountry>
, 2001
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: 142
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</taxonomicName>
, figs. 9–10 for ♂, TL: Taibaishan, Shaanxi.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B98E5AF5311DFF9CFF18FBCCB610FAA5" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F12B097E311DFF9CFF18FBCCB3B8FB50" blockId="10.[151,1437,1126,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFF18FBCCB2FDFB8C" bold="true" box="[151,255,1126,1151]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Material</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCountry id="898349EE311DFF9CFE80FBCDB36EFB8C" box="[271,364,1127,1151]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">CHINA</collectingCountry>
: Shaanxi province: 4♂♂, Xi-an City, Chang-an County, Qinling-liang, 
<quantity id="366CA49B311DFF9CFB13FBCCB6F7FB8D" box="[1180,1269,1126,1151]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="852A2FBE311DFF9CFA8CFBCCB77FFB8C" box="[1283,1405,1126,1151]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" value="2013-07-06">6.VII.2013</date>
&amp; 
<date id="852A2FBE311DFF9CFF18FB20B320FB50" box="[151,290,1162,1187]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" value="2015-07-24">24.VII.2015</date>
, Y.-F. Li leg..
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F12B097E311DFF9CFF48FB04B6F3FB18" blockId="10.[151,1437,1126,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFF48FB04B372FB34" bold="true" box="[199,368,1198,1223]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Identification.</emphasis>
This taxon was originally described from Taibaishan, Shaanxi, with photos of the unique 
<typeStatus id="2E2FB7DC311DFF9CFF18FB78B2FBFB18" box="[151,249,1234,1259]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
published. The specimens examined agree with the 
<typeStatus id="2E2FB7DC311DFF9CFCCDFB78B1A6FB18" box="[834,932,1234,1259]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in all details of wing-pattern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F12B097E311DFF9CFF48FB5CB610FAA5" blockId="10.[151,1437,1126,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFF48FB5CB373FAFC" bold="true" box="[199,369,1270,1295]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Wing-pattern.</emphasis>
This taxon has its wing-pattern generally as in 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311DFF9CFC0DFB5DB1EEFAFD" box="[898,1004,1270,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lua" subSpecies="lua">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFC0DFB5DB1EEFAFD" box="[898,1004,1270,1294]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">P. lua lua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except for the following points. Apex of forewing upper side of male has three clear white subapical spots. Discal spots in spaces 4–5 on forewing upper side of male are conjoined with discocellular spot into a single large black spot.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B98E5AF5311DFF9CFF48FAC8B1FBFA30" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" type="description">
<paragraph id="F12B097E311DFF9CFF48FAC8B1FBFA30" blockId="10.[151,1437,1126,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFF48FAC8B379FA88" bold="true" box="[199,379,1378,1403]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
This taxon has its male genitalia generally as in 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311DFF9CFC3CFAC9B620FA88" box="[947,1058,1379,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lua" subSpecies="lua">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFC3CFAC9B620FA88" box="[947,1058,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">P. lua lua</emphasis>
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, except for the following points. Size of the whole genitalia is larger in accordance with the size of the body. Valva is more elongate. Central plates between valvae are less depressed in lateral view. Phallus is markedly longer.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B98E5AF5311DFF9CFF48FA64B31AF9A0" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F12B097E311DFF9CFF48FA64B31AF9A0" blockId="10.[151,1437,1126,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFF48FA64B339FA14" bold="true" box="[199,315,1486,1511]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Remarks.</emphasis>
The male genitalic morphology supports this taxon as a subspecies of 
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFB03FA65B6CFFA15" box="[1164,1229,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">P. l ua</emphasis>
, with only slight differences in measurements of some genital structures. Thus it is transferred from the subspecies of 
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFA8DFA59B751F9F9" box="[1282,1363,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">P. l am a</emphasis>
to the subspecies of 
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFEB7F9BDB374F9DD" box="[312,374,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">P. l u a</emphasis>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="9505748F311DFF9CFE06F9BCB078F9DC" author="Chou" box="[393,634,1558,1583]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" refString="Chou, I. &amp; Yuan, X. - Q. (2001) New species, new subspecies and new record of butterflies (Lepidoptera) from China (IV). Entomotaxonomia, 23, 141 - 146." type="journal article" year="2001">
Chou &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="898349EE311DFF9CFE62F9BDB025F9DD" box="[493,551,1559,1582]" name="Vietnam" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Yuan</collectingCountry>
(2001)
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overlooked 
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311DFF9CFC85F9BCB1AFF9DD" box="[778,941,1558,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lua">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFC85F9BCB1AFF9DD" box="[778,941,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Polycaena lua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when they described their 
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFB6AF9BCB31AF9A0" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<taxonomicName id="369472FD311DFF9CFB6AF9BCB316F9A0" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Polycaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lama" subSpecies="taibaiensis">Polycaena lama taibaiensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B98E5AF5311DFF9CFF48F9F4B0F9F984" box="[199,763,1630,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F12B097E311DFF9CFF48F9F4B0F9F984" blockId="10.[151,1437,1126,1655]" box="[199,763,1630,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="C3E0D56C311DFF9CFF48F9F4B362F984" bold="true" box="[199,352,1630,1655]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Distribution.</emphasis>
Restricted to Qinling Mts., Shaanxi.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>