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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1141-75" ID-Pensoft-UUID="438276C9DC2C5C48B0D5EEDDD17EA7FF" ID-ZooBank="1E409C8A53714330ACCDC1F02E06037C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1141-75" checkinTime="1674223443282" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C., Falcon-Reiban, Jose M. &amp; Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F." docDate="2023" docId="312214B4BB225E70B94AFCBEF7B4DFEE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1141: 75-92" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1141" docPubDate="2023-01-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290" docTitle="Hyloscirtus tolkieni Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0DA4A78A-D514-43FA-B5DA-8F5074F9E353" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="438276C9DC2C5C48B0D5EEDDD17EA7FF" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="438276C9DC2C5C48B0D5EEDDD17EA7FF" masterDocTitle="A new stream treefrog of the genus Hyloscirtus (Amphibia, Hylidae) from the Rio Negro-Sopladora National Park, Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1674223443282" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new stream treefrog of the genus Hyloscirtus (Amphibia, Hylidae) from the Rio Negro-Sopladora National Park, Ecuador</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sanchez-Nivicela, Juan C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7971-1216</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Laboratorio de Zoologia Terrestre, Museo de Zoologia, Quito 170901, Ecuador &amp; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Investigacion Evolucion y Ecologia de Fauna Neotropical, Bogota D. C., Colombia &amp; Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Division de Herpetologia, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Falcon-Reiban, Jose M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1588-9044</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Madrid, Espana</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6132-2738</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical IBIOTROP, Laboratorio de Zoologia Terrestre, Museo de Zoologia, Quito 170901, Ecuador &amp; Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Division de Herpetologia, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">diegofrancisco.cisneros@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-01-19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1141</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>75</mods:start>
<mods:end>92</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1141-75</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1E409C8A53714330ACCDC1F02E06037C</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">438276C9DC2C5C48B0D5EEDDD17EA7FF</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0DA4A78A-D514-43FA-B5DA-8F5074F9E353" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/312214B4BB225E70B94AFCBEF7B4DFEE" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/0DA4A78A-D514-43FA-B5DA-8F5074F9E353" authority="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia, 2023" authorityName="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus tolkieni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolkieni" status="sp. nov.">Hyloscirtus tolkieni</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="75">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. (SVL = 64.9 mm) in life: a fronto-lateral view b lateral view of head c frontal view d dorso-lateral view. Photographs by Juan C. Sanchez-Nivicela." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797467" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. in preservative a dorsal view b ventral view c lateral view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797468" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Details of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. in preservative a lateral view of head b dorsal view of head c ventral view of hand d ventral view of foot. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797469" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal colouration patterns in species of the northern clade of the Hyloscirtus larinopygion species group a H. antioquia b H. caucanus c H. criptico d H. larinopygion e H. lindae f H. pacha g H. pantostictus h H. princecharlesi i H. psarolaimus j H. ptychodactylus k H. sarampiona l H. sethmacfarlanei m H. staufferorum n H. tigrinus o H. tolkieni sp. nov. Illustrations by Jose M. Falcon-Reiban." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797470" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">, 5o</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ventral colouration patterns in species of the northern clade of the Hyloscirtus larinopygion species group: a H. antioquia b H. caucanus c H. criptico d H. larinopygion e H. lindae f H. pacha g H. pantostictus h H. princecharlesi i H. psarolaimus j H. ptychodactylus k H. sarampiona l H. sethmacfarlanei m H. staufferorum n H. tigrinus o H. tolkieni sp. nov. Illustrations by Jose M. Falcon-Reiban." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797471" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">, 6o</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Flank colouration patterns in species of the northern clade of the Hyloscirtus larinopygion species group: a H. antioquia b H. caucanus c H. criptico d H. larinopygion e H. lindae f H. pacha g H. pantostictus h H. princecharlesi i H. psarolaimus j H. ptychodactylus k H. sarampiona l H. sethmacfarlanei m H. staufferorum n H. tigrinus o H. tolkieni sp. nov. Illustrations by Jose M. Falcon-Reiban." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797472" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
, 7o English common name: Rio Negro Stream Treefrog Spanish common name: Rana de Torrente de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Negro
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Holotype</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. (SVL = 64.9 mm) in life: a fronto-lateral view b lateral view of head c frontal view d dorso-lateral view. Photographs by Juan C. Sanchez-Nivicela." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797467" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Details of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. in preservative a lateral view of head b dorsal view of head c ventral view of hand d ventral view of foot. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797469" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">4</figureCitation>
) ZSFQ-4142 (field number JCS-1613), adult female collected at Puente de Piedra (
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-2.7869444">2°47'13&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="16" value="-78.60445">78°36'16&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; 3190 m), Parque Nacional
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Negro-Sopladora, provincia de Morona Santiago,
<normalizedToken originalValue="República">Republica</normalizedToken>
del Ecuador, by
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falcón-Reibán">Falcon-Reiban</normalizedToken>
, Juan C.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez-Nivicela">Sanchez-Nivicela</normalizedToken>
, and Tarquino Valverde, on 5 February 2020.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797467" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus tolkieni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (SVL = 64.9 mm) in life:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">a</emphasis>
fronto-lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">b</emphasis>
lateral view of head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">c</emphasis>
frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">d</emphasis>
dorso-lateral view. Photographs by Juan C.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez-Nivicela">Sanchez-Nivicela</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797468" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus tolkieni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in preservative
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">a</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">b</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">c</emphasis>
lateral view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797469" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Details of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus tolkieni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in preservative
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">a</emphasis>
lateral view of head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">b</emphasis>
dorsal view of head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">c</emphasis>
ventral view of hand
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">d</emphasis>
ventral view of foot. Scale bar: 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus tolkieni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other congeneric species by the following combination of characters: large body size (64.9 mm SVL in a single adult female); broad dermal fringes in fingers and toes; discs slightly expanded; head 7% wider than long; snout truncate in dorsal and lateral view; tympanic membrane and annulus evident, partially covered by supratympanic fold; dentigerous process of vomers slightly separated, with 9-13 vomerine teeth; forearm robust and slightly thicker than arm; discs slightly expanded; broad dermal fringes in fingers and toes; prepollex enlarged, hidden under thenar tubercle and not projected into a prepollical spine; subarticular tubercles on hands and feet rounded and poorly projected; calcar tubercle present; dorsum greyish-green, with paler-hued reticulum, yellow spots and black speckles; throat, venter, flanks and hidden surfaces of limbs yellow with large black blotches and spots; fingers, toes and webbing yellow with black bars and spots; iris pale pink with black periphery, sclera greyish-blue, and nictitating membrane yellow (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. (SVL = 64.9 mm) in life: a fronto-lateral view b lateral view of head c frontal view d dorso-lateral view. Photographs by Juan C. Sanchez-Nivicela." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797467" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Details of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. in preservative a lateral view of head b dorsal view of head c ventral view of hand d ventral view of foot. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797469" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus tolkieni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily distinguishable from all other species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1882" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its greyish-green dorsum with paler reticulations, yellow spots, and black speckles. Based on its colouration pattern,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus tolkieni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(characteristics in parentheses) is easily differentiated from all other species of the northern clade of the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus larinopygion" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larinopygion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus larinopygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal colouration patterns in species of the northern clade of the Hyloscirtus larinopygion species group a H. antioquia b H. caucanus c H. criptico d H. larinopygion e H. lindae f H. pacha g H. pantostictus h H. princecharlesi i H. psarolaimus j H. ptychodactylus k H. sarampiona l H. sethmacfarlanei m H. staufferorum n H. tigrinus o H. tolkieni sp. nov. Illustrations by Jose M. Falcon-Reiban." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797470" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">5</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Flank colouration patterns in species of the northern clade of the Hyloscirtus larinopygion species group: a H. antioquia b H. caucanus c H. criptico d H. larinopygion e H. lindae f H. pacha g H. pantostictus h H. princecharlesi i H. psarolaimus j H. ptychodactylus k H. sarampiona l H. sethmacfarlanei m H. staufferorum n H. tigrinus o H. tolkieni sp. nov. Illustrations by Jose M. Falcon-Reiban." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797472" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">7</figureCitation>
) as follows: Dorsal surfaces of
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. antioquia" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="antioquia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. antioquia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. caucanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. caucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. criptico" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="criptico">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. criptico</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. larinopygion" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="larinopygion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. larinopygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. lindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="lindae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. lindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pacha" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pacha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pacha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pantostictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pantostictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pantostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. princecharlesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="princecharlesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. princecharlesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. psarolaimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="psarolaimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. psarolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. ptychodactylus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="ptychodactylus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. ptychodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sethmacfarlanei" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sethmacfarlanei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sethmacfarlanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. staufferorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="staufferorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. staufferorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are dark or light brown or black with or without paler or darker marks,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sarampiona" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sarampiona">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sarampiona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is pale olive green with orange spots, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tigrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is green or yellow with thick black reticulum or stripes (greyish-green dorsum with paler reticulum, yellow spots and black speckles). Flanks of
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. antioquia" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="antioquia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. antioquia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. caucanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. caucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. criptico" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="criptico">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. criptico</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. lindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="lindae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. lindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pacha" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pacha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pacha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pantostictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pantostictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pantostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. princecharlesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="princecharlesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. princecharlesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. ptychodactylus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="ptychodactylus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. ptychodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sarampiona" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sarampiona">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sarampiona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sethmacfarlanei" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sethmacfarlanei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sethmacfarlanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. staufferorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="staufferorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. staufferorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are dark brown or black with or without paler or darker marks; bluish grey or cream with dark bars, blotches, or spots in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. larinopygion" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="larinopygion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. larinopygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. psarolaimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="psarolaimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. psarolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and yellow or green with thick black stripes or reticulum in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tigrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(yellow flanks with large black blotches and spots). Fingers, toes and discs are dark brown in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. criptico" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="criptico">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. criptico</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. staufferorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="staufferorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. staufferorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; dark brown with orange discs in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. lindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="lindae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. lindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; bluish grey with dark bars in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. larinopygion" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="larinopygion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. larinopygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; dark brown with pale bars in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pacha" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pacha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pacha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; black with pale discs in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. caucanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. caucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pantostictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pantostictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pantostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; black with orange or red spots in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. princecharlesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="princecharlesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. princecharlesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sethmacfarlanei" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sethmacfarlanei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sethmacfarlanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; cream with dark marks in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. psarolaimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="psarolaimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. psarolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; black with reddish-brown marks in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. ptychodactylus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="ptychodactylus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. ptychodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; dark olive green with orange dots in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sarampiona" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sarampiona">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sarampiona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and yellow or green with black marks in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tigrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(yellow with black marks). Irises of
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. criptico" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="criptico">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. criptico</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pacha" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pacha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pacha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pantostictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pantostictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pantostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. princecharlesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="princecharlesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. princecharlesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. staufferorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="staufferorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. staufferorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are dark grey or brown without reticulations; grey with dark grey reticulations in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sethmacfarlanei" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sethmacfarlanei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sethmacfarlanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; grey with burgundy reticulations in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. antioquia" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="antioquia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. antioquia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; pale yellow with brown reticulations in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. caucanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. caucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; golden with black reticulations in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. larinopygion" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="larinopygion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. larinopygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; dark brown with minute grey flecks in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. lindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="lindae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. lindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; dull bronze with black reticulations in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. psarolaimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="psarolaimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. psarolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; pale blue in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. ptychodactylus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="ptychodactylus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. ptychodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; gold with black reticulations in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sarampiona" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sarampiona">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sarampiona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and light grey or yellow with black reticulations in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tigrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pale pink with very thin, almost imperceptible, reticulations). Snout rounded in dorsal view in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. antioquia" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="antioquia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. antioquia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. caucanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. caucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. larinopygion" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="larinopygion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. larinopygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. lindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="lindae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. lindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pacha" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pacha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pacha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pantostictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pantostictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pantostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. psarolaimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="psarolaimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. psarolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sarampiona" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sarampiona">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sarampiona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. staufferorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="staufferorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. staufferorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tigrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(truncated). Vomerine teeth 12-20 in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. antioquia" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="antioquia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. antioquia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 21-25 in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. staufferorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="staufferorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. staufferorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(9-13). Calcar tubercles absent in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. princecharlesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="princecharlesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. princecharlesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(present).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797470" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Dorsal colouration patterns in species of the northern clade of the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus larinopygion" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larinopygion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus larinopygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">a</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. antioquia" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="antioquia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. antioquia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">b</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. caucanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. caucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">c</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. criptico" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="criptico">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. criptico</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">d</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. larinopygion" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="larinopygion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. larinopygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">e</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. lindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="lindae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. lindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">f</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pacha" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pacha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pacha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">g</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pantostictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pantostictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pantostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">h</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. princecharlesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="princecharlesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. princecharlesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">i</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. psarolaimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="psarolaimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. psarolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">j</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. ptychodactylus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="ptychodactylus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. ptychodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">k</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sarampiona" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sarampiona">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sarampiona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">l</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sethmacfarlanei" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sethmacfarlanei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sethmacfarlanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">m</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. staufferorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="staufferorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. staufferorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">n</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tigrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">o</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tolkieni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Illustrations by
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falcón-Reibán">Falcon-Reiban</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797471" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Ventral colouration patterns in species of the northern clade of the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus larinopygion" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larinopygion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus larinopygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">a</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. antioquia" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="antioquia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. antioquia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">b</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. caucanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. caucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">c</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. criptico" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="criptico">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. criptico</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">d</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. larinopygion" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="larinopygion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. larinopygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">e</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. lindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="lindae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. lindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">f</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pacha" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pacha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pacha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">g</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pantostictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pantostictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pantostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">h</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. princecharlesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="princecharlesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. princecharlesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">i</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. psarolaimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="psarolaimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. psarolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">j</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. ptychodactylus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="ptychodactylus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. ptychodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">k</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sarampiona" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sarampiona">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sarampiona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">l</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sethmacfarlanei" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sethmacfarlanei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sethmacfarlanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">m</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. staufferorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="staufferorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. staufferorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">n</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tigrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">o</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tolkieni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Illustrations by
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falcón-Reibán">Falcon-Reiban</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797472" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Flank colouration patterns in species of the northern clade of the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Duellman" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus larinopygion" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="larinopygion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus larinopygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">a</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. antioquia" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="antioquia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. antioquia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">b</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. caucanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="caucanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. caucanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">c</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. criptico" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="criptico">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. criptico</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">d</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. larinopygion" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="larinopygion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. larinopygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">e</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. lindae" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="lindae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. lindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">f</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pacha" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pacha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pacha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">g</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. pantostictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="pantostictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. pantostictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">h</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. princecharlesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="princecharlesi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. princecharlesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">i</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. psarolaimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="psarolaimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. psarolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">j</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. ptychodactylus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="ptychodactylus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. ptychodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">k</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sarampiona" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sarampiona">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sarampiona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">l</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. sethmacfarlanei" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="sethmacfarlanei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. sethmacfarlanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">m</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. staufferorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="staufferorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. staufferorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">n</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tigrinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tigrinus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tigrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">o</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tolkieni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Illustrations by
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Falcón-Reibán">Falcon-Reiban</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus tolkieni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has non-protruding prepollex and narrower head (HW/HL = 1.07), more vomerine teeth (9-13), and thinner forearms than species of the southern clade of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. larinopygion" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="larinopygion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. larinopygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (including
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="condor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. condor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. diabolus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="diabolus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. diabolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. hillisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="hillisi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. hillisi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tapichalaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tapichalaca">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tapichalaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), which have protruding prepollical spines, wider heads (HW/HL ≥ 1.10), less vomerine teeth (2-6), and hypertrophied forearms. Also, all species of the southern clade of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. larinopygion" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="larinopygion">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. larinopygion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group are dark-coloured dorsally and ventrally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus tolkieni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from species of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. armatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group by the absence of clusters of keratinised spines on the prepollex and the proximal ventral surface of the humerus (present in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. armatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. charazani" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="charazani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. charazani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), non-expanded prepollex (expanded in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. armatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. charazani" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="charazani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. charazani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), robust but not hypertrophied forearms (hypertrophied in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. armatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. charazani" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="charazani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. charazani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and absence of a skin fold in the proximoventral portion of upper arm (present in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. armatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="armatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. armatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. charazani" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="charazani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. charazani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. chlorostea" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="chlorostea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. chlorostea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus tolkieni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from species of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. bogotensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. bogotensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, including
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. albopunctulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="albopunctulatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. albopunctulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. phyllognathus" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="phyllognathus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. phyllognathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that inhabit the eastern Andes of Ecuador, and from
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. jahni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="jahni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. jahni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, single member of its homonym group, by its larger body size with 64.9 mm in SVL (smaller in the
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. bogotensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. bogotensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. jahni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="jahni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. jahni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species groups with SVL&lt;36 mm), greyish-green dorsum with paler reticulum, yellow spots and black speckles (green or brown dorsum with or without pale or dark spots and speckles and pale lines in the
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. bogotensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. bogotensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. jahni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="jahni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. jahni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species groups), ventral surfaces yellow with large black blotches and spots (venter cream or yellowish without dark marks in the
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. bogotensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="bogotensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. bogotensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. jahni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="jahni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. jahni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species groups).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
Adult female (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. (SVL = 64.9 mm) in life: a fronto-lateral view b lateral view of head c frontal view d dorso-lateral view. Photographs by Juan C. Sanchez-Nivicela." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797467" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Details of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. in preservative a lateral view of head b dorsal view of head c ventral view of hand d ventral view of foot. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797469" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">4</figureCitation>
), 64.9 mm SVL, body robust. Head wider than long (HW/HL = 1.07, HW/SVL = 0.31, HL/SVL = 0.29); snout truncate in dorsal and lateral view; canthus rostralis rounded, distinct; loreal region slightly concave, nearly vertical; lips rounded, slightly flared; nostrils slightly protuberant, openings directed anterolaterally, located at level of anterior margin of lower jaw, area between nostril slightly concave; dorsal surface of internarial region concave; interorbital distance shorter than eye (IOD/ED = 0.91); eye prominent (ED/HL = 0.37, ED/EN = 1.33); tympanic membrane and annulus evident (TD/ED = 0.41); supratympatic fold prominent, extending from below eye across upper and posterior margins of tympanum towards posterior end of mouth and down to arm insertion; region between head and suprascapula slightly depressed; dentigerous processes of vomer prominent, oval, in transverse position, between choanae, narrowly separated, left process with 9 vomerine teeth and right one with 13; choanae small, rounded, separated about 4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
their maximum diameter; tongue cordiform, broad, attached to 80% of mouth floor; mental gland absent (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. (SVL = 64.9 mm) in life: a fronto-lateral view b lateral view of head c frontal view d dorso-lateral view. Photographs by Juan C. Sanchez-Nivicela." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797467" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Details of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. in preservative a lateral view of head b dorsal view of head c ventral view of hand d ventral view of foot. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797469" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Skin on dorsum shagreen, throat slightly granular, flanks and venter granular, posterior surfaces of limbs strongly granular; pectoral fold absent; cloacal opening directed posteroventrally at upper level of thighs; supracloacal flap present; two pairs of swollen, thick, vertical, pericloacal folds.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
Forearms robust, slightly thicker than arms, not hypertrophied; axillary membrane absent; ulnar fold present, covering dorsal surface of forearms; fingers long, with thick lateral fringes; discs round, slightly expanded; all discs with rounded pads, circumferential groove of each disc clearly defined; disc on Finger III wider than tympanum (Fin3DW/TD = 1.11); relative lengths on fingers I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;V; webbing formula:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">III</emphasis>
3--3-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">IV</emphasis>
; palmar surface with deep grooves; subarticular tubercles round and poorly projected, distal tubercles larger; supernumerary tubercles small, rounded; thenar tubercle large, elliptical; palmar tubercle flat, bifid, same length as thenar; broad elliptical prepollex hidden under thenar tubercle (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. (SVL = 64.9 mm) in life: a fronto-lateral view b lateral view of head c frontal view d dorso-lateral view. Photographs by Juan C. Sanchez-Nivicela." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797467" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Details of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. in preservative a lateral view of head b dorsal view of head c ventral view of hand d ventral view of foot. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797469" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
Hindlimbs robust (TL/SVL = 0.48, FL/SVL = 0.48); small calcar tubercle present; short and thin inner tarsal fold; without outer tarsal fold or tubercles; inner metatarsal tubercle large, ovoid; outer metatarsal tubercle indistinct; toes long, with thick lateral fringes, bearing discs slightly smaller than those on fingers; relative lengths of toes: I&lt;II&lt;III=V&lt;IV; Toe I with last phalange twisted inside on both feet; webbing formula:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">I</emphasis>
2-2
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">II</emphasis>
1⅔-
<normalizedToken originalValue="2½">21/2</normalizedToken>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">III</emphasis>
2-3-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">IV</emphasis>
3-2-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">V</emphasis>
. Subarticular tubercles large, round; supernumerary tubercles low, round, and sparse (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. (SVL = 64.9 mm) in life: a fronto-lateral view b lateral view of head c frontal view d dorso-lateral view. Photographs by Juan C. Sanchez-Nivicela." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797467" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Details of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. in preservative a lateral view of head b dorsal view of head c ventral view of hand d ventral view of foot. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797469" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="colouration in life">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Colouration in life.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
Dorsal surfaces of head, body and limbs greyish-green, with thick paler-hued reticulum, yellow spots, and black speckles; head with a light greyish-green medial line; throat, venter and flanks yellow (more intense on the throat and turning greyish towards posterior end of venter) with large black blotches and spots; hidden surfaces of limbs yellow with transversely distributed black oval dots; fingers, toes and webbing yellow with black bars and spots; iris pale pink with black periphery, sclera greyish-blue, and nictitating membrane yellow (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. (SVL = 64.9 mm) in life: a fronto-lateral view b lateral view of head c frontal view d dorso-lateral view. Photographs by Juan C. Sanchez-Nivicela." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797467" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="colouration in preservative">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Colouration in preservative.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
Same colouration patterns as described for the colouration in life, but greyish-green dorsal areas turned darker grey, yellow on venter and flanks turned golden-grey to grey (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. in preservative a dorsal view b ventral view c lateral view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797468" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">3</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Details of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. in preservative a lateral view of head b dorsal view of head c ventral view of hand d ventral view of foot. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797469" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Measurements of the holotype</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">(in mm).</emphasis>
SVL=64.9, HL=18.8, HW=20.2, IND=4.6, IOD=6.3, EW=4.9, EN=5.2, ED=6.9; TD=2.8, TL=31.2, FL=30.9, Fin3DW=3.1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
The specific epithet
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus tolkieni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in honour of the writer, poet, philologist, and academic John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (J.R.R. Tolkien, 1892-1973), creator of Middle-earth and author of fantasy works like &quot;The Hobbit&quot; and &quot;The Lord of the Rings&quot;. The amazing colours of the new species evoke the magnificent creatures that seem to only exist in fantasy worlds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Distribution, natural history, and conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus tolkieni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from its type locality on the southeastern slopes of the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes of Ecuador, at 3190 m elevation, in the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Negro-Sopladora National Park, province of Morona Santiago (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Map showing the type locality of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. at the Rio Negro-Sopladora National Park, province of Morona Santiago, Republic of Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797473" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">8</figureCitation>
). The ecosystem in the area is High Montane Forest of the Eastern Cordillera of the Southern Andes of Ecuador (MAE et al. 2013). The holotype was active at night at 20:30 amidst tree branches,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">c.</emphasis>
5 m above ground and 8 m from the nearest stream (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Habitat of Hyloscirtus tolkieni sp. nov. General landscape (above, red arrow pointing to collection site); and at the collection site inside the forest (below). Photographs by Juan C. Sanchez-Nivicela." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797474" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">9</figureCitation>
). It was found in sympatry with an undescribed species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Pristimantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797473" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Map showing the type locality of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus tolkieni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. at the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Negro-Sopladora National Park, province of Morona Santiago, Republic of Ecuador.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1141.90290.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/797474" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Habitat of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sánchez-Nivicela &amp; Falcón-Reibán &amp; Cisneros-Heredia" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Arboranae" genus="Hyloscirtus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyloscirtus tolkieni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">Hyloscirtus tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. General landscape (above, red arrow pointing to collection site); and at the collection site inside the forest (below). Photographs by Juan C.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez-Nivicela">Sanchez-Nivicela</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="75">
Very few herpetological surveys have been conducted in the region, with James A. Peters being one of the few herpetologists that visited the area (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.145" author="Peters, JA" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 49" refId="B27" refString="Peters, JA, 1973. The frog genus Atelopus in Ecuador (Anura: Bufonidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 145: 1 - 49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.145" title="The frog genus Atelopus in Ecuador (Anura: Bufonidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.145" volume="145" year="1973">Peters 1973</bibRefCitation>
). Our surveys were carried out over 13 effective days, and we could not detect additional individuals of
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tolkieni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, despite focalised searches. The type locality of
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tolkieni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is officially protected as part of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Negro-Sopladora National Park, a protected area created in 2018 where little habitat loss has occurred. Large, forested areas remain unstudied in the national park, and the species may have a wider distribution beyond the immediate surrounding of its type locality. In the absence of sufficient information to evaluate the conservation status and extinction risk of
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. tolkieni" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="tolkieni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="75">H. tolkieni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we propose that it be classified under the Data Deficiency category until more data is obtained (
<bibRefCitation author="Glaw, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" refId="B19" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. (2nd edn.).International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, 32 pp." year="1997">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Glaw, F" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" refId="B20" refString="IUCN (2017) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13.Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, IUCN Species Survival Commission, 108 pp." year="1997">2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251027" author="Ortega-Andrade, HM" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo" pageId="0" pageNumber="75" refId="B26" refString="Ortega-Andrade, HM, Rodes Blanco, M, Cisneros-Heredia, DF, Guerra Arevalo, N, Lopez de Vargas-Machuca, KG, Sanchez-Nivicela, JC, Armijos-Ojeda, D, Caceres Andrade, JF, Reyes-Puig, C, Quezada Riera, AB, Szekely, P, Rojas Soto, OR, Szekely, D, Guayasamin, JM, Siavichay Pesantez, FR, Amador, L, Betancourt, R, Ramirez-Jaramillo, SM, Timbe-Borja, B, Gomez Laporta, M, Webster Bernal, JF, Oyagata Cachimuel, LA, Chavez Jacome, D, Posse, V, Valle-Pinuela, C, Padilla Jimenez, D, Reyes-Puig, JP, Teran-Valdez, A, Coloma LA Perez Lara, MaB, Carvajal-Endara, S, Urgiles, M, Yanez Munoz, MH, 2021. Red List assessment of amphibian species of Ecuador: A multidimensional approach for their conservation. PLoS ONE 16(5): e0251027. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251027" title="Red List assessment of amphibian species of Ecuador: A multidimensional approach for their conservation. PLoS ONE 16 (5): e 0251027." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251027" year="2021">Ortega-Andrade et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Urgent research and monitoring actions should be established to study its life history and ecology, population size and trends, survey new sites where additional populations may exist and evaluate if threats are impacting its long-term conservation, such as invasive species, emerging diseases, or climate changes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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