treatments-xml/data/27/08/50/27085036DC07FFF43F700A03D925FA7B.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab015" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cc82accd-7fe1-4f9f-a60d-c7c121456114" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-ZooBank="42E7A370-FCD8-492A-8604-C42863BDE6E2" checkinTime="1647256475265" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cupello, Mario, Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S. &amp; Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z." docDate="2022" docId="27085036DC07FFF43F700A03D925FA7B" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab015.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Bolbites Harold 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="981" masterDocId="DB31284EDC00FFFC3E380D0BDB22FFF3" masterDocTitle="The evolution of Bolbites onitoides (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Phanaeini): its phylogenetic significance, geographical polychromatism and the subspecies problem" masterLastPageNumber="1034" masterPageNumber="973" pageNumber="980" updateTime="1674149826608" updateUser="diego">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The evolution of Bolbites onitoides (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Phanaeini): its phylogenetic significance, geographical polychromatism and the subspecies problem</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cupello, Mario</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-07-12</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>194</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>973</mods:start>
<mods:end>1034</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab015</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">cc82accd-7fe1-4f9f-a60d-c7c121456114</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">42E7A370-FCD8-492A-8604-C42863BDE6E2</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6354399" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194018821" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6354399" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:27085036DC07FFF43F700A03D925FA7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/27085036DC07FFF43F700A03D925FA7B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="981" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">
<subSubSection box="[328,613,1799,1824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="7.[328,613,1799,1824]" box="[328,613,1799,1824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">
<heading box="[328,613,1799,1824]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" reason="2">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3B5Y" ID-ENA="377168" authority="HAROLD, 1868" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[328,613,1799,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bolbites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[328,441,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">BOLBITES</emphasis>
HAROLD, 1868
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="980" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="7.[163,780,1840,1892]" lastBlockId="7.[827,1444,197,924]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="7" pageNumber="980">
<treatmentCitation author="Harold E" box="[163,501,1840,1862]" page="81" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1868">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3B5Y" authority="Harold, 1868 a: 81" authorityName="Harold" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1868" box="[163,501,1840,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bolbites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[163,262,1840,1861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">Bolbites</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Harold E" box="[273,501,1840,1862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="80 - 86" refId="ref49890" refString="Harold E. 1868 a. Diagnosen neuer Coprophagen. Coleopterologische Hefte 3: 80 - 86." type="journal article" year="1868">Harold, 1868a: 81</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Harold E" box="[517,773,1840,1862]" page="1016" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1869">
<bibRefCitation author="Harold E" box="[517,773,1840,1862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="979 - 1346" refId="ref49928" refString="Harold E. 1869 a. Catalogus coleopterorum. Hucusque descriptorum, synonymicus et systematicus. Tom. IV. Scarabaeidae. Munich: E. H. Gummi, 979 - 1346." type="book chapter" year="1869">Harold, 1869a: 1016</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Harold E" box="[163,364,1870,1892]" page="62" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1869">
<bibRefCitation author="Harold E" box="[163,364,1870,1892]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="46 - 70" refId="ref49962" refString="Harold E. 1869 b. Ueber Coprophage Lamellicornien mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Pariser Sammlungen. Coleopterologische Hefte 5: 46 - 70." type="journal article" year="1869">Harold, 1869b: 62</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Burmeister H" box="[374,622,1870,1892]" page="129" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1874">
<bibRefCitation author="Burmeister H" box="[374,622,1870,1892]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="120 - 133" refId="ref46788" refString="Burmeister H. 1874. Lamellicornia Argentina [Fortsetzung]. Entomologische Zeitung Stettin 35: 120 - 133." type="journal article" year="1874">Burmeister, 1874: 129</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Jaeger G" box="[633,871,197,1892]" page="225" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1874">
<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger G" box="[633,871,197,1892]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" refId="ref50558" refString="Jaeger G. 1874. In Sachen Darwin's insbesondere contra Wigand. Ein Beitrag zur Rechtfertigung und Fortbildung der Umwandlungslehre. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung (E. Koch)." type="book" year="1874">Jaeger, 1874: 225</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Van Lansberge G" box="[882,1173,197,219]" page="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1875">
<bibRefCitation author="Van Lansberge G" box="[882,1173,197,219]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="5 - 148" refId="ref55143" refString="Van Lansberge G. 1875. Monographie des Onitides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 18: 5 - 148." type="journal article" year="1875">Van Lansberge, 1875: 12</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Waterhouse CO" box="[1185,1438,197,219]" page="59" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1891">
<bibRefCitation author="Waterhouse CO" box="[1185,1438,197,219]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref55561" refString="Waterhouse CO. 1891. New Scarabaeidae in the British Museum: a fifth contribution. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Sixth Series 8: 53 - 61." type="book chapter" year="1891">Waterhouse, 1891: 59</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Fabre J-H" box="[827,1003,228,250]" page="74" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation author="Fabre J-H" box="[827,1003,228,250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" refId="ref48519" refString="Fabre J-H. 1899. Souvenirs entomologiques (sixieme serie). Etudes sur l'instict et les moeurs des insectes. Paris: Librairie Ch. Delagrave, 418." type="book" year="1899">Fabre, 1899: 74</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 95; 
<treatmentCitation author="Kolbe HJ" box="[1056,1246,228,250]" page="531" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation author="Kolbe HJ" box="[1056,1246,228,250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="475 - 594" refId="ref50884" refString="Kolbe HJ. 1905. Uber die Lebensweise und die geographische Verbreitung der coprophagen Lamellicornier. Zoologischen Jahrbucher, Supplement 8: 475 - 594." type="journal article" year="1905">Kolbe, 1905: 531</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Lagoa R" box="[1258,1438,228,250]" page="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation author="Lagoa R" box="[1258,1438,228,250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" refId="ref51019" refString="Lagoa R. 1905. Catalogo do Museu Braga Junior. Rua de S. Lazaro n ° 267 (Palacete Braguinha), Porto (Portugal). Porto: Typographia Progresso, 46." type="book" year="1905">Lagôa, 1905: 28</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Kolbe HJ" box="[827,1014,258,280]" page="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation author="Kolbe HJ" box="[827,1014,258,280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" refId="ref50910" refString="Kolbe HJ. 1907. Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise. Coleopteren. Hamburg: L. Friederichsen &amp; Co., 125." type="book" year="1907">Kolbe, 1907: 31</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Enderlein G" box="[1027,1277,258,280]" page="335" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation author="Enderlein G" box="[1027,1277,258,280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="323 - 360" refId="ref48374" refString="Enderlein G. 1908. Die Biologische bedeutung der Antarktis. Und ihrer Faunengebiete mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der insektenwelt. Mit Tafel XXXIX und 2 Abbildungen im text. In: von Drygalski E, ed. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition. 1901 - 1903. Im auftrage des reichsamtes des innern. X. Band. Zoologie II. Band. Berlin: Druck und Verlag von Georg Reimer, 323 - 360." type="book chapter" year="1908">Enderlein, 1908: 335</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Bruch C" page="189" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation author="Bruch C" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="143 - 225" refId="ref46594" refString="Bruch C. 1911. Catalogo sistematico de los coleopteros de la Republica Argentina. Revista del Museo de la Plata 17: 143 - 225." type="journal article" year="1911">Bruch, 1911: 189</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Gillet JJE" box="[884,1069,289,311]" page="80" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation author="Gillet JJE" box="[884,1069,289,311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" refId="ref49242" refString="Gillet JJE. 1911. Coleopterorum catalogus. Pars 38: Scarabaeidae: Coprinae I. Berlin: W. Junk, 100." type="book" year="1911">Gillet, 1911: 80</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Bruch C" box="[1081,1284,289,311]" page="540" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation author="Bruch C" box="[1081,1284,289,311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="538 - 573" refId="ref46621" refString="Bruch C. 1915. Suplemento al catalogo sistematico de los coleopteros de la Republica Argentina. I (addenda, corrigenda y resumen). Revista del Museo de La Plata 19: 538 - 573." type="journal article" year="1915">Bruch, 1915: 540</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Fabre J-H" page="242" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1919">
<bibRefCitation author="Fabre J-H" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" refId="ref48549" refString="Fabre J-H. 1919. The glow-worm and other beetles. Toronto: McClelland &amp; Stewart, 488." type="book" year="1919">Fabre, 1919: 242</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Lucas R" box="[882,1075,320,341]" page="141" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1920">
<bibRefCitation author="Lucas R" box="[882,1075,320,341]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" refId="ref51288" refString="Lucas R. 1920. Catalogus alphabeticus generum et subgenerum Coleopterorum orbis terrarum totius (famil., trib., subtr., sect. incl.). Pars I. Berlin: Nicolaische." type="book" year="1920">Lucas, 1920: 141</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="d'Olsoufieff G" box="[1087,1314,320,342]" page="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation author="d'Olsoufieff G" box="[1087,1314,320,342]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="4 - 201" refId="ref52767" refString="d'Olsoufieff G. 1924. Les Phanaeides (Coleoptera - Lamellicornia), famille Scarabaeidae - tr. Coprini. Insecta 13: 4 - 201." type="journal article" year="1924">d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 9</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 12, 17, 19, 57–58, 133, 138; 
<treatmentCitation author="Balthasar V" box="[1019,1255,350,372]" page="350" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation author="Balthasar V" box="[1019,1255,350,372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="337 - 358" refId="ref46125" refString="Balthasar V. 1941. Scarabaeidae Laparostictae (Col.). Beitrage Fauna Perus 1: 337 - 358." type="journal article" year="1941">Balthasar, 1941: 350</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Pessoa SB &amp; Lane F" page="470" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1941">
<bibRefCitation author="Pessoa SB &amp; Lane F" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="389 - 504" refId="ref53199" refString="Pessoa SB, Lane F. 1941. Coleopteros necrofagos de interesse medico-legal. Ensaio monografico sobre a familia Scarabaeidae de S. Paulo e regioes vizinhas. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 2: 389 - 504." type="journal article" year="1941">Pessôa &amp; Lane, 1941: 470</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Blackwelder RE" box="[957,1234,381,403]" page="208" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation author="Blackwelder RE" box="[957,1234,381,403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref46316" refString="Blackwelder RE. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185: 189 - 341." type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder, 1944: 208</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Balthasar V" page="335" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation author="Balthasar V" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="322 - 344" refId="ref46146" refString="Balthasar V. 1951. Scarabaeidae Laparostictae (Col.). Beitrage Fauna Perus 2: 322 - 344." type="journal article" year="1951">Balthasar, 1951: 335</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Halffter G" box="[884,1096,412,434]" page="83" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation author="Halffter G" box="[884,1096,412,434]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="79 - 86" refId="ref49494" refString="Halffter G. 1952. Notas sobre el genero Phanaeus. I. Phanaeus quadridens Say, 1835 (Col., Scarab). Ciencia 12: 79 - 86." type="journal article" year="1952">Halffter, 1952: 83</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Martinez A" box="[1108,1335,412,434]" page="94" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez A" box="[1108,1335,412,434]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="1 - 126" refId="ref51548" refString="Martinez A. 1959. Catalogo de los Scarabaeidae Argentinos. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ' Bernardino Rivadavia', Ciencias Zoologicas 5: 1 - 126." type="journal article" year="1959">Martínez, 1959: 94</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Halffter G &amp; Matthews EG" page="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation author="Halffter G &amp; Matthews EG" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="1 - 312" refId="ref49650" refString="Halffter G, Matthews EG. 1966. The natural history of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Folia Entomologica Mexicana 12 - 14: 1 - 312." type="journal article" year="1966">Halffter &amp; Matthews, 1966: 17</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 30, 123, 131, 196, 210, 257; 
<treatmentCitation author="Edmonds WD" box="[827,1075,473,495]" page="816" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation author="Edmonds WD" box="[827,1075,473,495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="731 - 874" refId="ref48078" refString="Edmonds WD. 1972. Comparative skeletal morphology, systematics and evolution of the Phanaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 49: 731 - 874." type="journal article" year="1972">Edmonds, 1972: 816</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 818, 854; 
<treatmentCitation author="Halffter G &amp; Halffter V &amp; Lopez-Guerrero Y" box="[1210,1437,473,495]" page="253" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation author="Halffter G &amp; Halffter V &amp; Lopez-Guerrero Y" box="[1210,1437,473,495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="341 - 345" refId="ref49717" refString="Halffter G, Halffter V, Lopez-Guerrero Y. 1974. Phanaeus behavior: food transportation and bisexual cooperation. Environmental Entomology 3: 341 - 345." type="journal article" year="1974">Halffter 1974: 253</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Halffter G &amp; Edmonds WD" box="[827,1182,504,526]" page="137" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation author="Halffter G &amp; Edmonds WD" box="[827,1182,504,526]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" refId="ref49587" refString="Halffter G, Edmonds WD. 1982. The nesting behavior of dung beetles (Scarabaeinae). An ecological and evolutive approach. Mexico: Instituto de Ecologia, 176." type="book" year="1982">Halffter &amp; Edmonds, 1982: 137</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Zunino M" box="[1193,1438,504,526]" page="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation author="Zunino M" box="[1193,1438,504,526]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="21 - 23" refId="ref55981" refString="Zunino M. 1985 a. Las relaciones taxonomicas de los Phanaeina (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae) y sus implicancias biogeograficas (resumen). Revista Peruana de Entomologia 26: 21 - 23." type="journal article" year="1985">Zunino, 1985a: 22–23</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 1; 
<treatmentCitation author="Zunino M" box="[898,1120,534,556]" page="107" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation author="Zunino M" box="[898,1120,534,556]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="101 - 115" refId="ref56016" refString="Zunino M. 1985 b. Las relaciones taxonomicas de los Phanaeina (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae) y sus implicaciones biogeograficas. Folia Entomologica Mexicana 64: 101 - 115." type="journal article" year="1985">Zunino, 1985b: 107</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 109, fig. 4; 
<treatmentCitation author="Martinez A" page="50" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez A" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="45 - 69" refId="ref51578" refString="Martinez A. 1987. La entomofauna de Scarabaeinae de la provincia de Salta (Col. Scarabaeoidea). Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina 216: 45 - 69." type="journal article" year="1987">Martínez, 1987: 50</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Hanski I &amp; Cambefort Y" box="[868,1233,565,587]" page="466" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation author="Hanski I &amp; Cambefort Y" box="[868,1233,565,587]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" refId="ref49849" refString="Hanski I, Cambefort Y. 1991. Dung beetle ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 481." type="book" year="1991">Hanski &amp; Cambefort, 1991: 466</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Cabrera Walsh G &amp; Gandolfo D" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="581 - 588" refId="ref46837" refString="Cabrera Walsh G, Gandolfo D. 1996. Nidification of thirteen common Argentine dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 89: 581 - 588." type="journal article" year="1996">Cabrera Walsh &amp; Gandolfo, 1996</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7; 
<treatmentCitation author="Monteresino E &amp; Martinez A &amp; Zunino M" box="[1093,1438,596,618]" page="109" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation author="Monteresino E &amp; Martinez A &amp; Zunino M" box="[1093,1438,596,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="101 - 117" refId="ref52229" refString="Monteresino E, Martinez A, Zunino M. 1996. Los Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) de la provincia de Cordoba, Argentina. In: di Tada IE, Bucher EH, eds. Biodiversidad de la Provincia de Cordoba. Fauna, Vol. 1. Cordoba: Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, 101 - 117." type="book chapter" year="1996">
Monteresino 
<emphasis box="[1248,1308,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">et al.</emphasis>
, 1996: 109
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Philips 
<emphasis box="[914,971,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">et al.</emphasis>
, 2004: 43, 45, 50–54, 58, figs 6–8; Hamel-Leigue 
<emphasis box="[911,967,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">et al.</emphasis>
, 2006: 3; 
<treatmentCitation author="Krajcik M" box="[1075,1270,657,679]" page="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation author="Krajcik M" box="[1075,1270,657,679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref50932" refString="Krajcik M. 2006. Checklist of Scarabaeoidea of the world. 1. Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Anima. X, Supplement 3: 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="2006">Krajcik, 2006: 16</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Hamel-Leigue AC &amp; Herzog SK &amp; Mann DJ &amp; Larsen TH &amp; Gill BD &amp; Edmonds WD &amp; Spector S" page="56" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation author="Hamel-Leigue AC &amp; Herzog SK &amp; Mann DJ &amp; Larsen TH &amp; Gill BD &amp; Edmonds WD &amp; Spector S" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="43 - 95" refId="ref49799" refString="Hamel-Leigue AC, Herzog SK, Mann DJ, Larsen TH, Gill BD, Edmonds WD, Spector S. 2009. Distribucion e historia natural de escarabajos de la tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Bolivia. Kempffiana 5: 43 - 95." type="journal article" year="2009">
Hamel-Leigue 
<emphasis box="[827,885,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009: 56
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Price DL" box="[1011,1198,688,710]" page="148" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation author="Price DL" box="[1011,1198,688,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="137 - 150" refId="ref53533" refString="Price DL. 2009. Phylogeny and biogeography of the dung beetle genus Phanaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Systematic Entomology 34: 137 - 150." type="journal article" year="2009">Price, 2009: 148</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Scholtz CH" box="[1211,1438,688,710]" page="243" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation author="Scholtz CH" box="[1211,1438,688,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="225 - 327" refId="ref54323" refString="Scholtz CH. 2009 b. Section C. Phylogeny of the Scarabaeinae. In: Scholtz CH, Davis ALV, Kryger U, eds. Evolutionary biology and conservation of dung beetles. Sofia: Pensoft Publishers, 225 - 327." type="book chapter" year="2009">Scholtz, 2009b: 243</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 246–248, fig. 12.4; 
<treatmentCitation author="Scholtz CH &amp; Davis ALV &amp; Kryger U" box="[1053,1343,718,740]" page="537" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation author="Scholtz CH &amp; Davis ALV &amp; Kryger U" box="[1053,1343,718,740]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" refId="ref54253" refString="Scholtz CH, Davis ALV, Kryger U. 2009. Evolutionary biology and conservation of dung beetles. Sofia: Pensoft Publishers, 567." type="book" year="2009">
Scholtz 
<emphasis box="[1149,1209,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009: 537
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; Vaz-de-Mello &amp; Grossi, 2010: 220; 
<treatmentCitation author="Vaz-de-Mello FZ &amp; Edmonds WD &amp; Ocampo FC &amp; Schoolmeesters P" page="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation author="Vaz-de-Mello FZ &amp; Edmonds WD &amp; Ocampo FC &amp; Schoolmeesters P" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref55440" refString="Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Edmonds WD, Ocampo FC, Schoolmeesters P. 2011. A multilingual key to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Zootaxa 2854: 1 - 73." type="journal article" year="2011">
Vaz-de-Mello 
<emphasis box="[1307,1365,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 4
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 10, 17, 25, 32, 40, 44; 
<treatmentCitation author="Krajcik M" box="[1110,1313,780,802]" page="54" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation author="Krajcik M" box="[1110,1313,780,802]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="1 - 278" refId="ref50966" refString="Krajcik M. 2012. Checklist of the world Scarabaeoidea. Anima. X, Supplement 5: 1 - 278." type="journal article" year="2012">Krajcik, 2012: 54</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Cupello M &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ" page="439" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation author="Cupello M &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="439 - 482" refId="ref47132" refString="Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina). Zootaxa 3722: 439 - 482." type="journal article" year="2013">Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello, 2013: 439</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 441–443, 460; Cupello &amp; Vazde-Mello, 2015: 16, 18, 21–23; 
<treatmentCitation author="Tissiani ASO &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ &amp; Campelo-Junior JH" box="[1163,1439,841,863]" page="411" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation author="Tissiani ASO &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ &amp; Campelo-Junior JH" box="[1163,1439,841,863]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="401 - 418" refId="ref55039" refString="Tissiani ASO, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Campelo-Junior JH. 2017. Besouros rola-bostas das pastagens brasileiras e chave para identificacao dos generos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 52: 401 - 418." type="journal article" year="2017">
Tissiani 
<emphasis box="[1261,1316,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017: 411
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 413; 
<treatmentCitation author="Cupello M &amp; Ribeiro-Costa CS &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ" box="[882,1134,872,894]" page="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation author="Cupello M &amp; Ribeiro-Costa CS &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ" box="[882,1134,872,894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref47366" refString="Cupello M, Ribeiro-Costa CS, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2020. Systematics of the enigmatic South American Streblopus Van Lansberge, 1874 dung beetles and their transatlantic origin: a case study on the role of dispersal events in the biographical history of the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 603: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="2020">
Cupello 
<emphasis box="[978,1035,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020: 2
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Gillett CPT &amp; Toussaint EFA" page="662" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation author="Gillett CPT &amp; Toussaint EFA" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="661 - 682" refId="ref49266" refString="Gillett CPT, Toussaint EFA. 2020. Macroevolution and shifts in the feeding biology of the New World scarab beetle tribe Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 130: 661 - 682." type="journal article" year="2020">Gillett &amp; Toussaint, 2020: 662</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 666, 671–672, 676, fig. 3.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[827,1441,954,1007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">
<emphasis box="[827,915,954,975]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">Bolites</emphasis>
[incorrect subsequent spelling]: 
<bibRefCitation author="Fabre J-H" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" refId="ref48549" refString="Fabre J-H. 1919. The glow-worm and other beetles. Toronto: McClelland &amp; Stewart, 488." type="book" year="1919">Fabre, 1919: 268</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="981" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="7.[827,1442,1037,1090]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">
<emphasis box="[827,987,1038,1059]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">
<typeStatus box="[827,884,1038,1059]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Harold, 1868" authorityName="Harold des Cupello" authorityYear="1868" box="[1001,1399,1037,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bolbites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onitoides">
<emphasis box="[1001,1223,1037,1058]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">Bolbites onitoides</emphasis>
Harold, 1868
</taxonomicName>
, by original monotypy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[827,1456,1136,1894]" lastBlockId="8.[145,762,197,710]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="981" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">
<emphasis box="[827,955,1136,1157]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">Etymology:</emphasis>
According to 
<bibRefCitation author="Harold E" box="[1130,1306,1136,1158]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="979 - 1346" refId="ref49928" refString="Harold E. 1869 a. Catalogus coleopterorum. Hucusque descriptorum, synonymicus et systematicus. Tom. IV. Scarabaeidae. Munich: E. H. Gummi, 979 - 1346." type="book chapter" year="1869">Harold (1869a)</bibRefCitation>
, the genusgroup name 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[980,1076,1166,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bolbites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[980,1076,1166,1187]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">Bolbites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is derived from a Greek word supposedly spelled as βῐλβιτον and which he translated into Latin as ‘ 
<emphasis box="[980,1059,1228,1249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">stercus</emphasis>
’ (‘dung’). We did not find any word spelled like that in Greek dictionaries, but similar forms such as βόβλιτον (
<emphasis box="[1029,1121,1289,1310]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">bóbliton</emphasis>
, neuter in gender), βόλβιθος (
<emphasis box="[835,940,1320,1341]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">bólbithos</emphasis>
, masculine), βόλβιτος (
<emphasis box="[1207,1297,1320,1341]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">bólbitos</emphasis>
, masculine), and βόλιτον (
<emphasis box="[988,1071,1350,1371]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">bóliton</emphasis>
, neuter) are listed and indeed translated into English as ‘(of) cow dung’ or ‘cowpat’ (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation author="Liddell HG &amp; Scott R" box="[876,1109,1412,1434]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" refId="ref51155" refString="Liddell HG, Scott R. 1897. A Greek-English lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout with the cooperation of professor Drisler, of Columbia College, New York, 8 th edn. New York: Harper &amp; Brothers." type="book" year="1897">Liddell &amp; Scott, 1897</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Wiktionary" box="[1118,1309,1412,1434]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" refId="ref55720" refString="Wiktionary. 2020. Wiktionary. Available at: https: // en. wiktionary. org / wiki / (last accessed on 29 October 2020)." type="url" year="2020">Wiktionary, 2020</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, Harold’s translation seems to be correct, even though his exact transliteration of the word into the Latin script (i.e. the spelling 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[1098,1191,1504,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bolbites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1098,1191,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">Bolbites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) does not correspond to the way that any of the variants we found would be transliterated (see, for example, transliteration guidelines by: 
<bibRefCitation author="Grensted LW" box="[986,1157,1595,1618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="1110 - 1113" refId="ref49401" refString="Grensted LW. 1958. Case N ° 67. Existing ' Regles': action proposed to be taken by the London (1958) Congress for the purpose of consolidating in the revised ' Regles' the provisions appearing in section ' F' of the ' Appendice' to the existing ' Regles'. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 15: 1110 - 1113." type="journal article" year="1958">Grensted, 1958</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Papavero N" box="[1168,1339,1596,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="151 - 167" refId="ref52964" refString="Papavero N. 1994. Rudimentos de grego. In: Papavero N, ed. Fundamentos praticos de taxonomia zoologica (colecoes, bibliografia, nomenclatura). Sao Paulo: Editora Unesp, 151 - 167." type="book chapter" year="1994">Papavero, 1994</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Vlachos E" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref55483" refString="Vlachos E. 2015. Forming taxon names from Greek words. Bionomina 9: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2015">Vlachos, 2015</bibRefCitation>
). It seems that instead of transliterating one of those words directly, Harold used the stem of the word βόλβιτος (namely, βόλβι-, ‘ 
<emphasis box="[1124,1181,1688,1709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">bolbi</emphasis>
-’) in combination with the Greek masculine suffix -ῑ́της (- 
<emphasis box="[1231,1270,1719,1740]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">ites</emphasis>
), expressing the idea of relationship (
<bibRefCitation author="Brown RW" box="[1079,1230,1749,1771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" refId="ref46537" refString="Brown RW. 1956. Composition of scientific words. A manual of methods and a lexicon of materials for the practice of logotechnics. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 882." type="book" year="1956">Brown, 1956</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Papavero N" box="[1245,1428,1749,1770]" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="151 - 167" refId="ref52964" refString="Papavero N. 1994. Rudimentos de grego. In: Papavero N, ed. Fundamentos praticos de taxonomia zoologica (colecoes, bibliografia, nomenclatura). Sao Paulo: Editora Unesp, 151 - 167." type="book chapter" year="1994">Papavero, 1994</bibRefCitation>
), to render the noun βόλβῑ́της, i.e. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[1221,1313,1780,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bolbites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1221,1313,1780,1801]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="980">Bolbites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. An English translation of the genus name is thus ‘the one from the cowpat’. Based on the gender agreement that 
<bibRefCitation author="Harold E" pageId="7" pageNumber="980" pagination="979 - 1346" refId="ref49928" refString="Harold E. 1869 a. Catalogus coleopterorum. Hucusque descriptorum, synonymicus et systematicus. Tom. IV. Scarabaeidae. Munich: E. H. Gummi, 979 - 1346." type="book chapter" year="1869">Harold (1869a)</bibRefCitation>
proposed for the adjectival specific name of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[145,358,197,218]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis box="[145,358,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">Gromphas dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when he transferred the species to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[145,236,228,249]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bolbites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[145,236,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">Bolbites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(viz., as 
<emphasis box="[336,434,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">dichrous</emphasis>
), it is clear that he regarded the grammatical gender of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[485,583,258,279]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bolbites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[485,583,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">Bolbites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as masculine. In reason of the gender of the suffix -ῑ́τηςbeing masculine, a modern interpretation of the gender of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[145,238,350,371]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bolbites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[145,238,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">Bolbites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under Article 30.1.2 of the Code agrees with Harold’s and the name must indeed be treated as masculine. It should be noted that a feminine version of the noun, βόλβῑ́τις(‘ 
<emphasis box="[406,492,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">bolbitis</emphasis>
’), is listed in 
<bibRefCitation author="Liddell HG &amp; Scott R" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" refId="ref51155" refString="Liddell HG, Scott R. 1897. A Greek-English lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout with the cooperation of professor Drisler, of Columbia College, New York, 8 th edn. New York: Harper &amp; Brothers." type="book" year="1897">Liddell &amp; Scott (1897)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Brown RW" box="[339,494,473,495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" refId="ref46537" refString="Brown RW. 1956. Composition of scientific words. A manual of methods and a lexicon of materials for the practice of logotechnics. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 882." type="book" year="1956">Brown (1956)</bibRefCitation>
as referring to ‘a small kind of cuttle-fish with a strong smell’ (
<bibRefCitation author="Liddell HG &amp; Scott R" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" refId="ref51155" refString="Liddell HG, Scott R. 1897. A Greek-English lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout with the cooperation of professor Drisler, of Columbia College, New York, 8 th edn. New York: Harper &amp; Brothers." type="book" year="1897">Liddell &amp; Scott, 1897</bibRefCitation>
). This ‘strong smell’ was likely the reason for the reference to cow dung in the name of this cephalopod. In any case, there is no evidence that 
<bibRefCitation author="Harold E" box="[586,761,596,618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref49908" refString="Harold E. 1868 b. Monographie der gattung Canthon. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 12: 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1868">Harold (1868b)</bibRefCitation>
derived the name of his new genus from this word; if he had, he would have most probably mentioned it in the etymology given in 1869.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[145,762,750,1416]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">
<emphasis box="[145,403,751,772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">Species composition:</emphasis>
Authors have been almost unanimous in regarding 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harold des Cupello" authorityYear="1868" box="[464,611,781,803]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bolbites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="onitoides">
<emphasis box="[464,611,781,803]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">B. onitoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the sole extant species of 
<emphasis box="[355,457,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[355,453,812,833]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bolbites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bolbites</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This, as argued below, is indeed correct. The only two exceptions include 
<bibRefCitation author="Harold E" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" pagination="979 - 1346" refId="ref49928" refString="Harold E. 1869 a. Catalogus coleopterorum. Hucusque descriptorum, synonymicus et systematicus. Tom. IV. Scarabaeidae. Munich: E. H. Gummi, 979 - 1346." type="book chapter" year="1869">Harold (1869a)</bibRefCitation>
, who, in his world 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[470,631,873,895]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scarabaeidae</taxonomicName>
catalogue, listed 
<taxonomicName authority="Blanchard, 1846" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[215,623,904,926]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis box="[215,429,904,925]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">Gromphas dichroa</emphasis>
Blanchard, 1846
</taxonomicName>
as a second species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[263,356,934,955]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bolbites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[263,356,934,955]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">Bolbites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with no explicit justification. Soon thereafter, 
<bibRefCitation author="Harold E" box="[271,444,965,987]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" pagination="46 - 70" refId="ref49962" refString="Harold E. 1869 b. Ueber Coprophage Lamellicornien mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Pariser Sammlungen. Coleopterologische Hefte 5: 46 - 70." type="journal article" year="1869">Harold (1869b)</bibRefCitation>
examined Blanchard’s 
<typeStatus box="[711,760,966,987]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">type</typeStatus>
material and returned the species to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1838" box="[560,679,996,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[560,679,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">Gromphas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where it indeed belongs (
<bibRefCitation author="Cupello M &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ" box="[349,680,1026,1048]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" pagination="439 - 482" refId="ref47132" refString="Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina). Zootaxa 3722: 439 - 482." type="journal article" year="2013">Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello, 2013</bibRefCitation>
, 2016). Additionally, 
<bibRefCitation author="Van Lansberge G" box="[296,546,1057,1079]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" pagination="5 - 148" refId="ref55143" refString="Van Lansberge G. 1875. Monographie des Onitides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 18: 5 - 148." type="journal article" year="1875">Van Lansberge (1875)</bibRefCitation>
, in his monograph of the onitids, mentioned that one of the two species described by 
<bibRefCitation author="Perty JAM" box="[300,445,1118,1140]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" pagination="1830 - 1833" refId="ref53126" refString="Perty JAM. 1830. Insecta brasiliensia, pp. 1 - 60. In: Perty JAM, ed. 1830 - 1833. Delectus animalium articulatorum, quae in intinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martius. Munich: Privately published." type="book chapter" year="1830">Perty (1830)</bibRefCitation>
in 
<emphasis box="[485,761,1119,1140]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[485,557,1119,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Onitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Onitis</taxonomicName>
– O. aeruginosus
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Perty JAM" box="[145,279,1149,1170]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" pagination="1830 - 1833" refId="ref53126" refString="Perty JAM. 1830. Insecta brasiliensia, pp. 1 - 60. In: Perty JAM, ed. 1830 - 1833. Delectus animalium articulatorum, quae in intinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martius. Munich: Privately published." type="book chapter" year="1830">Perty, 1830</bibRefCitation>
or 
<emphasis box="[322,500,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">O. chalcomelas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Perty JAM" box="[509,644,1149,1170]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" pagination="1830 - 1833" refId="ref53126" refString="Perty JAM. 1830. Insecta brasiliensia, pp. 1 - 60. In: Perty JAM, ed. 1830 - 1833. Delectus animalium articulatorum, quae in intinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. de Martius. Munich: Privately published." type="book chapter" year="1830">Perty, 1830</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis box="[653,665,1150,1171]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">–</emphasis>
should, in fact, belong to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1868" box="[348,441,1180,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Bolbites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[348,441,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">Bolbites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but without stating which one, or giving any further explanation. Nevertheless, he was most probably referring to 
<emphasis box="[574,754,1241,1263]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">O. aeruginosus</emphasis>
, which had already been correctly and independently transferred to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1838" box="[311,430,1302,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[311,430,1302,1323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">Gromphas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation author="Sturm J" box="[471,624,1302,1324]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" refId="ref54727" refString="Sturm J. 1843. Catalog der Kaefer-Sammlung von Jacob Sturm. Nuremberg: Privately published." type="book" year="1843">Sturm (1843)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Harold E" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" pagination="193 - 224" refId="ref49869" refString="Harold E. 1859. Beitrage zur kenntnis einiger coprophagen Lamellicornien. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 3: 193 - 224." type="journal article" year="1859">Harold (1859)</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Cupello M &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ" box="[237,586,1333,1355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" pagination="439 - 482" refId="ref47132" refString="Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina). Zootaxa 3722: 439 - 482." type="journal article" year="2013">Cupello &amp; Vaz-de-Mello 2013</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Cupello M &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ" box="[602,673,1333,1354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" pagination="399 - 400" refId="ref47172" refString="Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2014 a. Correction of the type species of the South American genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Zootaxa 3790: 399 - 400." type="journal article" year="2014">2014a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Cupello M &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ" box="[689,746,1333,1355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref47264" refString="Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2015. A new species and the phylogeny of the South American genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Journal of Natural History (online edition): 1 - 27." type="book chapter" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
); 
<emphasis box="[145,315,1364,1385]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">O. chalcomelas</emphasis>
, in turn, is a 
<taxonomicName authority="MacLeay, 1819" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1819" box="[471,761,1364,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[471,584,1364,1385]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="981">Phanaeus</emphasis>
MacLeay, 1819
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Edmonds WD" box="[153,327,1394,1416]" pageId="8" pageNumber="981" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref48112" refString="Edmonds WD. 1994. Revision of Phanaeus MacLeay, a New World genus of Scarabaeinae dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science 443: 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1994">Edmonds, 1994</bibRefCitation>
, and elsewhere).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>