178 lines
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178 lines
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<document id="D192119A6C1B2AE718AA0F9B1F477482" ID-CLB-Dataset="32460" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.12135" ID-GBIF-Dataset="60c96364-0fcd-4ccd-84af-123d176a6a52" ID-PMC="PMC5523382" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-680-105" ID-PubMed="28769718" ID-ZooBank="657770F9FCFA4D72BB08AFAF7371B1BA" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-680-105" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 680" ModsDocTitle="Demosponge diversity from North Sulawesi, with the description of six new species" checkinTime="1502744605313" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Calcinai, Barbara, Bastari, Azzurra, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Bertolino, Marco, Horcajadas, Santiago Bueno, Pansini, Maurizio, Makapedua, Daisy M. & Cerrano, Carlo" docDate="2017" docId="187BE5BDD59BE9292C08E1E29007E28D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 680: 105-150" docOrigin="ZooKeys 680" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.12135" docTitle="Amphimedon sulcata Fromont 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="110" masterDocId="8A0DFFF7FFB02806FFE0A3014E580F49" masterDocTitle="Demosponge diversity from North Sulawesi, with the description of six new species" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="110" updateTime="1701374198444" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5E6DF97E7D2AE57098BD684A4566C639">Demosponge diversity from North Sulawesi, with the description of six new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="659F7E48BDA0BE31E848C8F5BBA50C1D">Calcinai, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DDE013074AB51D6D648B9EE98E776598">Bastari, Azzurra</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F8034602CF2916B33F43F3DE4C94A64D">Bavestrello, Giorgio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="201694C2FAED183A376331220F465999">Bertolino, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="937AB12917CBF34736CF63D16FB0AF14">Horcajadas, Santiago Bueno</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0BFCB7823B16BD8F55148205E91CD011">Pansini, Maurizio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FFF0D594944D0B97BF26310728401E26">Makapedua, Daisy M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F74EE2B358CB041804148C82C78BDAA8">Cerrano, Carlo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0DE25A7DE72A462337ACAC562755741C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="75C568D2CC6ACC5F46C76EB5F870B730">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A570CFFF5E11B00238166411F8A9F859">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A8BCA354274A730B117D39D03847AA29" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F9DC9E98E737CDB3D4BBB9A399ABCF1D">680</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="9F78AA9D1714C6D3DE787EAFA50B663A">105</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="14B42908EBDEE0E4027B4769FD6B6781">150</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="636344F00783F190B2168450B37738E9">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.12135</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="AB6FC743706A9652CCEB90B70E507D92">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1169840950008CF4DE705118A3E51BEC" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.680.12135</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="80C7C68DA45903B02889F6CF8B5BE786" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-680-105</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="07DF19C4E3E692B98279B0CF6FD0FB3D" type="ZooBank">657770F9FCFA4D72BB08AFAF7371B1BA</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="187BE5BDD59BE9292C08E1E29007E28D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132649472" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:187BE5BDD59BE9292C08E1E29007E28D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/187BE5BDD59BE9292C08E1E29007E28D" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<subSubSection id="70A93807791A4D7E5F51A14F88D38724" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B91AF48084722257482DB55FB3BE2EF8" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="F5C63C06642ACA1054CA9C57A666EF89" ID-CoL="D3PB" authority="Fromont, 1993" authorityName="Fromont" authorityYear="1993" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphimedon sulcata" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata">Amphimedon cf. sulcata Fromont, 1993</taxonomicName>
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Figure 6
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6DEF6C42B564F31D68FBCF8C46AE855A" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="BF66A38C46AFF4CC09D5DC692E131EE5" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="08E6B1D5BD72E12BA848EB324E47797D" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">BU-560, 26/06/2004, Bualo (Bunaken Island), unknown depth. BU-575, 27/06/2004, Alung Bauna (Bunaken Island), 27 m depth.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="85B027AD1882B18E9E9DC4FF1B9FB189" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="description">
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<paragraph id="81F9EBC678923DD4250D74B4B003D458" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="455ACDEF66A395D21344C4690790280B" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">The sponge is flat, with a roundish contour, about 1 cm thick, without visible oscules. It is completely free of epibiotic organisms. Colour in situ may be greyish-white (Figs 5A, 6A) or pale cerulean (Figs 5B, 6B), off-white to greyish in the preserved state. The sponge shows ridges and grooves, covered by a very thin membrane, that give a typical convoluted or brain-like aspect to its surface (Fig. 6B).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BBA81919DB1AC5FE48C91648EE5F8346" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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Skeleton. The ectosomal skeleton is a reticulation of pauci-spicular tracts (3-4 spicules) (Fig. 6C) organised in quite regular triangular meshes with scarce spongin at the nodes. The choanosomal skeleton (Fig. 6D) is formed by a reticulation of multi-spicular tracts and round meshes of approximately 60
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<normalizedToken id="B393B6771A0A0045B4277D93980B93F9" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter, with abundant scattered spicules. The spicule tract extremities barely protrude from the sponge surface, causing micro-hispidation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3D2CED61767F60623D4981FC30762DA0" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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Spicules. Megascleres are straight or slightly curved oxeas with sharp tips; they measure 125 - (188.9
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<normalizedToken id="47782ADEA6E1D7B1257AB2FB76923EE8" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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33.5) - 247.5
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<normalizedToken id="B0A0C66F28D36A22F4FF189087CBE4B9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2 - (5.2
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<normalizedToken id="66034140EE8C5362AA86D1448F39342B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3.4) - 12.5
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<normalizedToken id="2184B51A0135D9152BB7CE8047BF968A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(Fig. 6E); numerous thin oxeas are present (Fig. 6F); microscleres are very thin, C-shaped, sigmas 10 - (12.9
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<normalizedToken id="B0C8C1254FCE374FC8FD4B2F3A32A7BF" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.5) - 15
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<normalizedToken id="EE72268FA52972619B575C4C8F061829" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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≤ 1µm (Fig. 6G).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="173C6B169CD362CC79C45F9CDCD201DC" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<paragraph id="B644F7CE6499534DFBA2A91CACA0CAE1" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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Figure 6.
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<taxonomicName id="922326788A7AABEFC2AADB47DF92147A" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphimedon sulcata" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata">Amphimedon cf. sulcata</taxonomicName>
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Fromont, 1993 A, B specimens in situ (a), partially covering the associated sponge
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<taxonomicName id="87B19BDA4D618FA8B9BFE244C40F29A8" genus="Rhabdstrella" lsidName="Rhabdstrella distincta" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="distincta">Rhabdstrella distincta</taxonomicName>
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(r), specimen BU-560a1 in Figure 6A, BU-560 in Figure 6BCSEM image of the ectosome DSEM image of the choanosome E oxea F thin oxea G sigma.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2CFFD600B9EA88241A1BC04C8553A4B1" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="7E61D0C51D3658F58499683A3A245647" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2AD4D8C1CF3EE39D92FA489EB1480C6D" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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The sponge here described has a skeleton organisation fitting with the diagnosis of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="9F825CFBBABEC0F3C3B967B82888E437" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphimedon" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Amphimedon</taxonomicName>
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that is characterised by an ectosomal skeleton of tangential fibres forming meshes, covered by a thin membrane and by a choanosomal skeleton formed by a plumose, irregular reticulation of multispicular tracts (
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<normalizedToken id="C4C42740598E86F9340AFFF2EC26F137" originalValue="Desqueyroux-Fáundez">Desqueyroux-Faundez</normalizedToken>
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and Valentine 2002).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DB32489C8B37950010C45D46C47E86F7" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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Our specimens are similar to
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<taxonomicName id="362D773B757712720861026284FC929A" lsidName="A. sulcata" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="sulcata">A. sulcata</taxonomicName>
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, especially for the very characteristic surface: "meandering parallel ridges, interspersed with spaces, give a convolute or brain-like appearance to the surface" (
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<bibRefCitation id="625688DE20B770960703C2ECF26803BF" author="Fromont, J" journalOrPublisher="The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences" pageId="17" pageNumber="122" pagination="7 - 40" title="Descriptions of species of the Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) occurring in tropical waters of the Great Barrier Reef." volume="10" year="1993">Fromont 1993</bibRefCitation>
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), for the thin membrane covering the ridges and the absence of abundant spongin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="61ECD906ED6685E04AE733FBBF9B7805" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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Among the Indo-Pacific species of
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<taxonomicName id="68438F9B12A7E7DF6FB6F7D41AC5512C" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphimedon" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Amphimedon</taxonomicName>
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, only
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<taxonomicName id="53722F64FF60F2602F974A51C80AB251" lsidName="A. sulcata" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="sulcata">A. sulcata</taxonomicName>
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has sigmas similar in size (13 - (15.9) - 16.9
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<normalizedToken id="0ED66B86A9F44F671FA506EE348E3895" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) to our specimens, but its oxeas (122 - (139) - 153
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<normalizedToken id="E4D0D180C3957620274148988AF0B7C2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3 - (4.5) - 5.3
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<normalizedToken id="FC811416F5939AFA3F7C91BA04D57762" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) are smaller than those we observed. Another difference is in the colour: "mauve alive, cream or fawn in alcohol" in
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<taxonomicName id="83B6A0D9A8EC46741FD3C4081507ABBF" lsidName="A. sulcata" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="sulcata">A. sulcata</taxonomicName>
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(Fromont, 1993).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A8798F1B760C13D925E4998725112EF9" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="8F0E2CEE38A179CE2463540CBE419257" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Remarks on the association.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="44DFE5F799FF6226EF9A66ACF4F39D59" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="EFCF54A69FD77EDC9830982C7AC7CFE1" class="Demospongiae" family="Niphatidae" genus="Amphimedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphimedon sulcata" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sulcata">Amphimedon cf. sulcata</taxonomicName>
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is not tightly attached to
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<taxonomicName id="A22FE5E8B53C803A9924AFC639C7BBC3" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Rhabdastrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhabdastrella distincta" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="distincta">Rhabdastrella distincta</taxonomicName>
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, and the two sponges can be separated rather easily. Frequently, wide areas of
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<taxonomicName id="43064FE1D8A184B3A9D231E1C75C5C33" lsidName="R. distincta" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="distincta">R. distincta</taxonomicName>
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are not covered by the outer sponge (Figs 5A, B, 6A, B), and exhalant and probably also inhalant parts of
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="1C47AD08C4006D286AEBE80F85CD7F18" lsidName="R. distincta" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="distincta">R. distincta</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are in these portions, free from the epibiont.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="B0840DE55876377E47E6FAE1D56728B3" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
|||
|
|
In the boundary between the two sponges, a thin collagenous layer is present. Both in the histological preparations and in SEM images, the oxeas of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5056B1A81F61377AA8A3E878CEAF5934" lsidName="R. distincta" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="distincta">R. distincta</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are clearly visible, protruding out of the surface and penetrating inside the tissues of the external sponge (Fig. 5C, D), as it is usual in similar associations (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="519CF3868F723667CCA36D6AE8042305" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
|||
|
|
<normalizedToken id="1F6DACD712CDEB98A7026C3FCE9BDADB" originalValue="Ávila">Avila</normalizedToken>
|
|||
|
|
et al. 2007
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). This association was frequently observed in North Sulawesi, usually below a depth of 30 m.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|