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<document id="67058389540C4C301BDABDD8BDC9DE0B" ID-CLB-Dataset="28894" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.27546" ID-GBIF-Dataset="629f2177-aa3f-47da-a3bd-076e5c35d5ec" ID-PMC="PMC6209763" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-791-1" ID-PubMed="30386152" ID-ZooBank="BB9D61A3752B4570A1AA8A790579177C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-791-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 791" ModsDocTitle="Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae)" checkinTime="1540260168337" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Santodomingo, Nadiezhda &amp; Becking, Leontine E." docDate="2018" docId="7602C5A9ECCF764C435951D799E6C116" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 791: 1-46" docOrigin="ZooKeys 791" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.27546" docTitle="Cinachyrella paterifera Wilson 1925" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="1828B64DFFE8FFD7FFCDFFBCFFA1FFA2" masterDocTitle="Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae)" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1701380729858" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F2F5CEBE1B0FA741E4982C80793FD6E3">Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DC636AE1940AD13F9B14E644A7E6F2EC">Santodomingo, Nadiezhda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="563A4D17F3F8B1D933BE3A7906D5BA1D">Becking, Leontine E.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="7602C5A9ECCF764C435951D799E6C116" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148891996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7602C5A9ECCF764C435951D799E6C116" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7602C5A9ECCF764C435951D799E6C116" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection id="2C95EA082EBCDECCC47B6267FE3EBA91" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7F215F0CF2CF73AA58513B4FD1284D49" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="949B061B073E42DFED56FEC9896EDDA8" ID-CoL="VCQG" authority="Wilson, 1925" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1925" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyrella paterifera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="paterifera">Cinachyrella paterifera (Wilson, 1925)</taxonomicName>
Figs 12, 13
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="455D31CBAF3C08DE0B6B03F7960E9BC6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5A2157826E5120A0EE8CDD8B5745539A" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="8EEC4F843ADA80DED625620BF59AD7C6" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla (Cinachyrella) paterifera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="paterifera" subGenus="Cinachyrella">Tetilla (Cinachyrella) paterifera</taxonomicName>
Wilson, 1925: 375; plate 39, figs 6, 8; plate 48, fig. 4 (type seen).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="09DBF8D1292C0ED9A290863D01FA882A" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3CA2B2008E25120B29644110FCDE7CC7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9FA3376CF8A2BC7F151944CB5FBAE032" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Holotype USNM21314, South of Tumindao Reef, Tibutu Island, Sibutu Group, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, 18 m, 27 Feb 1908. INDONESIA. East Kalimantan, Berau reef, RMNH.POR.11207; RMNH.POR.11208; RMNH.POR.11209; RMNH.POR.11211. West Papua, Wallace Lake, RMNH.POR.11212, RMNH.POR.11213, RMNH.POR.11214; Outside Wallace Lake, RMNH.POR.11215; Gam Island, RMNH.POR.11216, RMNH.POR.11217, RMNH.POR.11218, RMNH.POR.11219, RMNH.POR.11220; Ctenophore Lake, RMNH.POR.11221.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67C2D47F4140A26C4D0E8EB5AB33E94A" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="743E0261019DC8CE6873006FE9E63FCC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8643EA2050C2F4DA47D0D59DB469ADFD" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
External morphology. Globular sponges, size from 5 to 7 cm in diameter attached to the substrate by a large peduncle/shaft 3
<normalizedToken id="9021E92E9C88F0B52AD1D56654EF0E62" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5 cm (Figure 12 A, B). Surface smooth to hispid due to the projecting spicules, covered by porocalices. Porocalices are bowl or pocket-shape, with rounded apertures, up to 5
<normalizedToken id="66E5B966E1324DAC478372B1B6F3CAF6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7 mm and 2-4 mm deep; a central cloaca is located on the top, 15
<normalizedToken id="08C9B9515CA4BCB33B07744CA002288E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
12 mm in diameter and 10 mm deep. Color bright pink when alive, which turns slightly paler in ethanol. Skeleton composed by bundles of oxeas and triaenes radiating from a central core. No cortex.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C1B4F524A7FA1B1C6A4A1E67783CD064" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<paragraph id="2C20A8F7F523FB1B53941BD1A6B970A0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Figure 12.
<taxonomicName id="1EF44B6B1F723491979A9ADFB0ED784B" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyrella paterifera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="paterifera">Cinachyrella paterifera</taxonomicName>
. A, C, E-H, M RMNH.POR.11207, Berau Reef, Indonesia (left side). B, D, I-L, N holotype USNM 21314, Timundao Reef, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines (right side) A specimen recently collected showing typical pink color, porocalices and stalk B Holotype, showing porocalices and stalk C skeleton showing radial bundles D spicules showing oxeas (ox) and strongyle (st), (scale bar 500
<normalizedToken id="00323D4AACB7B4C1BE71252EFFEBC243" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
); E oxea, end detail F strongyle, end detail G protriaene H anatriaenes with short or abnormal cladus I oxea, end detail J strongyle, end detail K protriaenes L anatriaene with short or abnormal cladus M, N sigmaspires. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500
<normalizedToken id="041D29968E62A281E484E9458A00AF61" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(C, D); 40
<normalizedToken id="22E8112DF022083B0DBA9C3099715590" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="636068F12F1FB27BB919FA453CB90006" originalValue="EL">E-L</normalizedToken>
); 5
<normalizedToken id="A3B1703790F073F35128E899430A299A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(M, N)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3D98FC52CE31786B870405CFE3AD1EB9" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Megascleres. The holotype and Indonesian measurements are shown in Table 6. Holotype, oxeas 1400
<normalizedToken id="598B7F9BFDDED8EE4C8719E5A4989CD8" originalValue="3011.5">-3011.5-</normalizedToken>
4750 mm
<normalizedToken id="E881FB2B008CDF57F747ED3AEAEB173A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10
<normalizedToken id="839364E8501F005479F5A3867E165C6D" originalValue="34.5">-34.5-</normalizedToken>
62.5 mm (Figure 12D, I); few anatriaenes (Figure 12L), with a thick, small, poorly developed cladi, 17.5
<normalizedToken id="CEF24C9669D11877F35148F9FBECE6A7" originalValue="24.2">-24.2-</normalizedToken>
30 mm
<normalizedToken id="B6F619E3FF02FB84B9C1EF2CFE23A118" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2
<normalizedToken id="3149EDE33CB2C0C31976152EF46F596A" originalValue="6.5">-6.5-</normalizedToken>
10 mm
<normalizedToken id="DD4518E0317814F324435A57F78FD559" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5
<normalizedToken id="B886E17BD6E71EC2682BD8F9BA4DB95A" originalValue="5.8">-5.8-</normalizedToken>
7.5 mm, rhabd slightly thicker in the middle 15-25 mm, and tapering to dimensions of &lt;1 mm.; two different types of protriaenes, first one rare, with thick and small cladi (Figure 12K), 30
<normalizedToken id="7B6941D8C99454CDBE71319E2BBE6C9A" originalValue="32.5">-32.5-</normalizedToken>
35 mm
<normalizedToken id="8D8A2D6209E300C0C68408C802A5AD7A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
22.5
<normalizedToken id="EA7F75A83BF57CCB7F1FAFDE6D430E8E" originalValue="31.3">-31.3-</normalizedToken>
40 mm
<normalizedToken id="BCDC2884B438CD19DE02D827F60E75A1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.5
<normalizedToken id="892A78DEEB0628E8A12C6A5274948DD7" originalValue="7.5">-7.5-</normalizedToken>
7.5 mm, rhabd usually broken, up to 5000
<normalizedToken id="3BE56B188A384D1AA04EA3F1DC2751E1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
10 mm, thicker in the middle 40 mm, and tapering to dimensions of &lt;1 mm, the second type smaller, very abundant around porocalices, with small cladi in acute angle (fork-shape), 7.5
<normalizedToken id="F3ADBAD3462FC950ACFBC4C55082CF4C" originalValue="12.5">-12.5-</normalizedToken>
17.5 mm
<normalizedToken id="FCADF702474F14A51689E8DDE55A8FDA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
12
<normalizedToken id="B235115A28EE76EC26A2EC8DADE955F6" originalValue="15.5">-15.5-</normalizedToken>
20 mm
<normalizedToken id="3B88DE0ED2B613942B907737016D193B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5
<normalizedToken id="58E140E1B17FA315E53689E51996700A" originalValue="2.5">-2.5-</normalizedToken>
2.5 mm, rhabd up to 820
<normalizedToken id="B5A5048F1497A7F369C32EBF6FEED33B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5 mm; strongyles are common, although only broken spicules observed in the holotype (Figure 12J), Indonesian specimens are 1800
<normalizedToken id="74D19984B4872C56D714264A7F3168DE" originalValue="2545.8">-2545.8-</normalizedToken>
3700 mm
<normalizedToken id="EC9538F2A83E553865CFAF83CD9A4311" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
35
<normalizedToken id="C629292C4DBF5821B32DC7CF65273FEA" originalValue="42.7">-42.7-</normalizedToken>
62.5 mm (Figure 12F); no calthrop-like triaenes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="914C5F45C4119CEEFCE736D129E7A1A1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Microscleres. No microxeas; sigmaspires 10
<normalizedToken id="F6D52060EB3BA07F567A7FB61ECBF774" originalValue="13.2">-13.2-</normalizedToken>
17.5 mm in the holotype (Figure 12N) and 10
<normalizedToken id="472402A40D9D318A174C417D659864BF" originalValue="14.8">-14.8-</normalizedToken>
20 mm in Indonesian material (Figure 12M); C-S shape.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="490B8F0D9FA6E86F619D09482C9BECA3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="DC9E21F903947839348F11028F94807A" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<pageBreakToken id="B49E58A0D5DDEEA2DAA5CF1EE8108858" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">Ecology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA4398A70C4328E4CB9617D45439E168" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">The species occurs mainly in reefs, and it is rare in marine lakes and mangroves. It usually inhabits sand bottoms, in which the penduncle serves as a support structure.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="576954CC9822638EE1DBBC122C9A4F6A" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="ABC35F5536BA9A87E26713ED34834B5F" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C46E3C52AEE31A9910646E5EE63194E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Indonesia, including East Kalimantan and West Papua. It is also known from Sibutu Island in Philippines (
<bibRefCitation id="01C884EA257532E8E6786EFFF9121216" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Wilson 1925</bibRefCitation>
). Although it is found in a variety of habitats,
<taxonomicName id="7BD35C46E089AF143D3EF3B29B1A4E59" lsidName="C. paterifera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="paterifera">C. paterifera</taxonomicName>
is the least common species of
<taxonomicName id="89F78749C2F8E0246936263588AF023D" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyrella" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cinachyrella</taxonomicName>
from Indonesia.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9EFE9A9DE187FA6ADB2E78A5CF68C12E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<paragraph id="EE665CB2C2745789541F219900BA6F44" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
Figure 13. Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="705BBC1FD33EF7B77190EB5E3794F3CF" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyrella paterifera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="paterifera">Cinachyrella paterifera</taxonomicName>
. Red dot: type locality,
<taxonomicName id="2762CE98BC56A1AF359837B3BF64E868" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla (Cinachyrella) paterifera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="paterifera" subGenus="Cinachyrella">Tetilla (Cinachyrella) paterifera</taxonomicName>
Wilson, 1925, Sibutu Island, Philippines. Green dots: Indonesian localities where the species was collected recently.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0855E0BFCF555BFD5D099203FCB0FAA" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="3E9FDFC72D1477AC0C0F2EE50A4CDF48" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3AB03435C9A702BDB213256F5AF8488D" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="FFAC188DD851FA3AA68B0AB74670A389" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyrella paterifera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="paterifera">Cinachyrella paterifera</taxonomicName>
has a characteristic elongated peduncle, it is pink to violet colored, and it contains abnormal anatriaenes. Interestingly,
<bibRefCitation id="254FFF82D276C30DE43AA6F5E3CC9D5B" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Wilson (1925)</bibRefCitation>
described rare microxeas (250
<normalizedToken id="5D5B7852E99391C35969268C56DE370C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2
<normalizedToken id="801519BA43FFCD029365B8AB643BF7FF" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) in one specimen of the type series, whilst they were very abundant in the other two types. After a detailed examination of the type specimen USNM 21314 and preparations from different parts of the individual sponge, no microxeas were observed, suggesting that this character is not diagnostic of the species. Although
<taxonomicName id="986246E6976AFD9349C539C1B9F19790" lsidName="C. tenuiviolacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="tenuiviolacea">C. tenuiviolacea</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="594C26E80493252B2F77530C7498FEE5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pulitzer-Finali 1982</bibRefCitation>
) from the Great Barrier Reef resembles
<taxonomicName id="56C816F4FD65A270C9DF4C74C1FE64C2" lsidName="C. paterifera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="paterifera">C. paterifera</taxonomicName>
in the distinctive pink to violet color and presence of abnormal anatriaenes, it remains to be investigated if these two species could be synonymized. We could not access type material from
<taxonomicName id="6F3E1285E60B2D700DC504E06BD023F5" lsidName="C. tenuiviolacea" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="tenuiviolacea">C. tenuiviolacea</taxonomicName>
, and from the bad conditions of preservation noted by
<bibRefCitation id="036EA25CCE89E6EABDFDCA2E475EB27E" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pulitzer-Finali (1982)</bibRefCitation>
in his type specimen, it is not possible to determine whether the specimen has or does not have the peduncle characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="5CF9E1E4A6E0157B870AD3F86503E406" lsidName="C. paterifera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="paterifera">C. paterifera</taxonomicName>
. The large numbers of hair-like protri- and prodiaenes around the porocalices of
<taxonomicName id="3F94FBE6ACDAE549F4C4042E7724A162" lsidName="C. paterifera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="paterifera">C. paterifera</taxonomicName>
, resemble those described for
<taxonomicName id="09A9EE242E54E270FC415A684FDD427B" lsidName="C. vaccinata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="vaccinata">C. vaccinata</taxonomicName>
(Dendy, 1905), yet the
<taxonomicName id="75B5B6D1F7AD7E7AA3B344F1472D6ECB" lsidName="C. vaccinata" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="vaccinata">C. vaccinata</taxonomicName>
type contains acanthose microxea characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="50295600691E23B9464B618FFAE89B5C" lsidName="C. australiensis" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="australiensis">C. australiensis</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="98207D4DE326C5B4F847D4282551F412" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyrella paterifera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="paterifera">Cinachyrella paterifera</taxonomicName>
share with
<taxonomicName id="742D03AEB446C500AD8A34124B8812E4" lsidName="C. porosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="porosa">C. porosa</taxonomicName>
the absence of microxea, but they differ by the larger sigmaspires and abnormal protriaenes of
<taxonomicName id="42423C843F12359849CE0F20DAC27410" lsidName="C. paterifera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="paterifera">C. paterifera</taxonomicName>
. Indonesian specimens vary within the morphological range of the species. Specimens of this
<pageBreakToken id="499D90D74F97D6A10167415E8B62D63D" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">species</pageBreakToken>
belong to the same phylogenetic clade supporting its monophyly (
<bibRefCitation id="1AB7D912FB95F88465F585A1835BDA86" author="Szitenberg, A" journalOrPublisher="Molecular phylogenetics and evolution" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="509 - 519" title="Phylogeny of Tetillidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorida) based on three molecular markers." volume="67" year="2013">Szitenberg et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>