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<document id="57B7AE316D9756F3A61781C969491462" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2fb83006-f93c-4492-aed0-f5f0707f553e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286956" ID-ZooBank="7DE3BCBA-E5F0-4F0D-B2FD-B5B59E4DAE51" checkinTime="1460883007773" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R., Schories, Dirk, Försterra, Günter &amp; Häussermann, Verena" docDate="2014" docId="03D92A2C476FFFDFFF5184E95AA8A01C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03852p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3852 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@4b05a9b1" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.journal_article" docTitle="Phialella" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFE052544768FFD8FFC68437590FA657" masterDocTitle="New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698345302202" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F5D799432A5CD66B57E75D0EC4F6D9C3">New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8B29FDCAE70053F8213C4773F4B8F627">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="89A76ECC385BBBEEDB4F701F8D7EA142">Schories, Dirk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="79B8738EB9369454DB46F179F3E797DD">Försterra, Günter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1FCA3B0C4AD1B96865F7B5DE49961B6E">Häussermann, Verena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="FDA46E539072EFC6F2D993EA22E612CF">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AE4EB9168F81B1CBCDB3C045281FC7D0">3852</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7517BE901EC3BD76FA193FA448CC40C4" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3852.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D92A2C476FFFDFFF5184E95AA8A01C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6143159" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127669441" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6143159" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D92A2C476FFFDFFF5184E95AA8A01C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D92A2C476FFFDFFF5184E95AA8A01C" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1476FFFDFFF5184E95832A74E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A476FFFDFFF5184E95B53A6AF" blockId="7.[151,604,222,282]" box="[151,604,222,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D0872C56476FFFDFFF5184E95B53A6AF" bold="true" box="[151,604,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFF5184E95B53A6AF" bold="true" box="[151,604,222,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFF5184E9580BA6AF" ID-CoL="7PRB5" box="[151,260,222,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFF5184E9580BA6AF" bold="true" box="[151,260,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phialella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFEE784E95B53A6AF" authority="Browne, 1902" authorityName="Browne" authorityYear="1902" box="[289,604,222,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="falklandica">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFEE784E958A5A6AF" bold="true" box="[289,426,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">falklandica</emphasis>
Browne,
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</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A476FFFDFFF5185365832A74E" blockId="7.[151,604,222,282]" box="[151,317,257,282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
(
<figureCitation id="134B87BF476FFFDFFF59853659D0A74E" box="[159,223,257,282]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A, B" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,198,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,195,1707]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, B: Hebella cf. scandens (Bale, 1888) — hydrotheca (A); gonotheca (B). C ‒ D: Hebella striata Allman, 1888 — hydrotheca (C); gonotheca (D). E, G, H: Phialella? falklandica Browne, 1902 — portion of erect stem (E) compared with that of P. quadrata (Forbes, 1848) (F); gonotheca seen laterally (G) and apically (H), compared with those of P. quadrata (I, stolonal; J, borne of stem). K, L: Silicularia? bilabiata (Coughtrey, 1876) — two hydrothecae (K); female gonotheca (L). M ‒ O: Silicularia rosea Meyen, 1834 — two hydrothecae (M) compared with specimens from Tristan da Cunha assigned to S. hemisphaerica (Allman, 1888) (P); female (N) and male (O) gonothecae, compared to homologous gonothecae (Q and R, respectively) from Tristan. S: Halecium corrugatissimum Trebilcock, 1828 — small stem with female gonotheca. Scale bars: 300 µm (A, B, E, F, S), 500 µm (C, D, G ‒ J), and 1 mm (K ‒ R)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286957/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFF12853659D0A74E" box="[212,223,257,281]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
</figureCitation>
E, G, H)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1476FFFDFFF51857E5A20A7D7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A476FFFDFFF51857E5A20A7D7" blockId="7.[151,1197,329,384]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB60BC14476FFFDFFF51857E5A20A7D7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFF51857E5870A708" box="[151,383,329,351]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFF51857E5870A708" box="[151,383,329,351]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Campanulina chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
―
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1BD2B476FFFDFFE5F857D5BE2A708" author="Naumov" box="[409,749,329,351]" page="76" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB476FFFDFFE5F857D5BC8A708" author="Naumov" box="[409,711,329,351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Naumov, D. V. &amp; Stepanjants, S. D. (1962) Gidroidy podotryada Thecaphora, sobrannye v antarkticheskikh i subantarkticheskikh vodakh sovetskoi antarkticheskoi ekspeditsiei na dizel' - elektrokhode &quot; Ob &quot;. In: Resul'taty biologicheskikh issledovanii sovetskoi antarkticheskoi ekspeditsii (1955 - 1958 gg), 1. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 1 (9), 69 - 104." type="journal article" year="1962">
Naumov &amp; Stepanjants,
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFD57857E5BC8A708" box="[657,711,329,351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1962.0">1962</number>
</bibRefCitation>
:
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFD17857E5BE2A708" box="[721,749,329,351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="76.0">76</number>
</treatmentCitation>
, Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFCE0857E5A3EA708" box="[806,817,329,351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="3.0">3</number>
.―
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1BD2B476FFFDFFC88857E5D20A708" author="Stepanjants" box="[846,1071,329,351]" page="42" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB476FFFDFFC88857E5D06A708" author="Stepanjants" box="[846,1033,329,351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Gidroidy vod antarktiki i subantarktiki. In: Rezul'taty biologicheskikh issledovanii sovetskikh antarkticheskikh ekspeditsii, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 22 (30), pp. 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1979">
Stepanjants,
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFC15857E5D06A708" box="[979,1033,329,351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1979.0">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
:
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFBD5857E5D20A708" box="[1043,1071,329,351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="42.0">42</number>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl.
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Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFB5C857D5DA6A708" box="[1178,1193,330,351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="7.0">7</number>
. not
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFF7B855D5B74A7D7" authority="Hartlaub, 1905: 589" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityPageNumber="589" authorityYear="1905" box="[189,635,362,384]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFF7B855D58A9A7D7" box="[189,422,362,384]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Campanulina chilensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AD1BD2B476FFFDFFE6A855D5B74A7D7" author="Hartlaub" box="[428,635,362,384]" page="589" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB476FFFDFFE6A855D5B46A7D7" author="Hartlaub" box="[428,585,362,384]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1905) Die Hydroiden der Magalhaensischen Region und chilenischen Kuste. In: Fauna chilensis. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 6 (3) (Supplement), 497 - 714." type="journal article" year="1905">
Hartlaub,
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFDD4855D5B46A7D7" box="[530,585,362,384]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1905.0">1905</number>
</bibRefCitation>
:
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFD94855D5B74A7D7" box="[594,635,362,384]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="589.0">589</number>
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</taxonomicName>
, Figs L
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, M
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFD3685505BF8A724" box="[752,759,359,371]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2.0">2</number>
b, N
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFCE485505A26A724" box="[802,809,359,371]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2.0">2</number>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1476FFFDFFF51859A5C8AA465" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A476FFFDFFF51859A5C8AA465" blockId="7.[151,1437,429,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFF51859A5874A791" bold="true" box="[151,379,429,454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined</emphasis>
. HF
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,
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA476FFFDFFE0A859A58FBA791" box="[460,500,429,454]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Isla</collectingCountry>
Tres Hermanas, lat. -
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFD2C859A5A57A791" box="[746,856,429,454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="43.77537">43.77537</number>
, long. -
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFC6885995D13A791" box="[942,1052,430,454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="73.02893">73.02893</number>
,
<date id="FFCEBDFA476FFFDFFBEE859A5D9CA791" box="[1064,1171,429,454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2011-01-17">
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFBEE859A5D4BA791" box="[1064,1092,429,454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="17.0">17</number>
.i.
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFB92859A5D9CA791" box="[1108,1171,429,454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2011.0">2011</number>
</date>
,
<quantity id="4C8836DF476FFFDFFB6785995DFDA792" box="[1185,1266,430,454]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.91" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="19.1">19.1 m</quantity>
, sample C
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFAAD859A5C96A791" box="[1387,1433,429,454]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="504.0">504</number>
: colony with both stolonal and erect growth forms, epizoic on
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFCAF85E65C6CA7BE" authority="Allman, 1888" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1888" box="[873,1379,465,490]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFCAF85E65DA9A7BE" box="[873,1190,465,489]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Symplectoscyphus filiformis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB476FFFDFFB7E85E65C55A7BE" author="Allman" box="[1208,1370,465,490]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Allman, G. J. (1888) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. - The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the year 1873 - 76, Zoology, 23 (70), 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="1888">
Allman,
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFAD885E65C55A7BE" box="[1310,1370,465,489]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1888.0">1888</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; two gonothecae occur: one mature, given off from the stem (MHNG-INVE-
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFC7A85C25D0DA459" box="[956,1026,501,526]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="86205.0">86205</number>
), and one immature, borne of stolon.
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA476FFFDFFF51862D59E9A466" box="[151,230,538,561]" name="France" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">France</collectingCountry>
, Brittany, collected in
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFE24862E5B13A466" box="[482,540,537,561]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2011.0">2011</number>
, HRG-0566: fertile colony of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFCAB862E5DFFA466" authority="Forbes, 1848" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1848" box="[877,1264,537,562]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFCAB862E5D4DA466" box="[877,1090,537,561]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phialella quadrata</emphasis>
(Forbes,
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFB6A862E5DE8A466" box="[1196,1255,537,561]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1848.0">1848</number>
)
</taxonomicName>
, on seaweed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1476FFFDFFF0186085B5CA388" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A476FFFDFFF0186085C43A42A" blockId="7.[151,1437,429,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFF018608583BA40F" bold="true" box="[199,308,575,600]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks</emphasis>
. There are numerous subantarctic records
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFCC8860B5A19A41D" box="[782,790,572,586]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFC6586775C56A40F" authority="Hartlaub, 1905" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityYear="1905" box="[931,1369,575,600]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFC6586775DA9A40F" box="[931,1190,576,600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Campanulina chilensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB476FFFDFFB6886085C56A40F" author="Hartlaub" box="[1198,1369,575,600]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1905) Die Hydroiden der Magalhaensischen Region und chilenischen Kuste. In: Fauna chilensis. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 6 (3) (Supplement), 497 - 714." type="journal article" year="1905">
Hartlaub,
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFAD886085C56A40F" box="[1310,1369,575,600]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1905.0">1905</number>
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, most of them based on sterile material, except for some rare instances where fertile specimens were encountered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A476FFFDFFF0186BF5D31A55A" blockId="7.[151,1437,429,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
On one hand, several accounts (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB476FFFDFFDEB86B05BCFA4F7" author="Leloup" box="[557,704,647,672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Leloup, E. (1974) Hydropolypes calyptoblastiques du Chili. Report no. 48 of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 1949. Sarsia, 55, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1974">
Leloup
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFD4086BF5BCFA4F7" box="[646,704,648,672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1974.0">1974</number>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB476FFFDFFD0B86B05A90A4F7" author="Blanco" box="[717,927,647,672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Blanco, O. M., Zamponi, M. O. &amp; Genzano, G. N. (2000) Campanulinidae de la Argentina (Coelenterata, Hydrozoa, Hydroida). Revista del Museo de La Plata, 14 (163), 267 - 278." type="journal article" year="2000">
Blanco
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFCE586BE5A5AA4F7" box="[803,853,648,672]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
.
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFCA286BF5A90A4F7" box="[868,927,648,672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2000.0">2000</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, Galea
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFC3586BF5D22A4F7" box="[1011,1069,648,672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2007.0">2007</number>
) describe and depict gonothecae that are morphologically indistinguishable from those of European specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFBF5869A5C69A493" authority="Forbes, 1848" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1848" box="[1075,1382,684,709]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFBF5869A5DB8A493" box="[1075,1207,684,708]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. quadrata</emphasis>
(Forbes,
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFAE3869B5C51A493" box="[1317,1374,684,708]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1848.0">1848</number>
)
</taxonomicName>
(see
<figureCitation id="134B87BF476FFFDFFF5186F859D8A4BF" box="[151,215,719,744]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A, B" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,198,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,195,1707]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, B: Hebella cf. scandens (Bale, 1888) — hydrotheca (A); gonotheca (B). C ‒ D: Hebella striata Allman, 1888 — hydrotheca (C); gonotheca (D). E, G, H: Phialella? falklandica Browne, 1902 — portion of erect stem (E) compared with that of P. quadrata (Forbes, 1848) (F); gonotheca seen laterally (G) and apically (H), compared with those of P. quadrata (I, stolonal; J, borne of stem). K, L: Silicularia? bilabiata (Coughtrey, 1876) — two hydrothecae (K); female gonotheca (L). M ‒ O: Silicularia rosea Meyen, 1834 — two hydrothecae (M) compared with specimens from Tristan da Cunha assigned to S. hemisphaerica (Allman, 1888) (P); female (N) and male (O) gonothecae, compared to homologous gonothecae (Q and R, respectively) from Tristan. S: Halecium corrugatissimum Trebilcock, 1828 — small stem with female gonotheca. Scale bars: 300 µm (A, B, E, F, S), 500 µm (C, D, G ‒ J), and 1 mm (K ‒ R)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286957/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Fig.
<date id="FFCEBDFA476FFFDFFF0D86E759D8A4BF" box="[203,215,720,744]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFF0D86E759D8A4BF" box="[203,215,720,744]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
</date>
</figureCitation>
I, J). On the other hand,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB476FFFDFFE2886E75A48A4BF" author="Naumov" box="[494,839,719,744]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Naumov, D. V. &amp; Stepanjants, S. D. (1962) Gidroidy podotryada Thecaphora, sobrannye v antarkticheskikh i subantarkticheskikh vodakh sovetskoi antarkticheskoi ekspeditsiei na dizel' - elektrokhode &quot; Ob &quot;. In: Resul'taty biologicheskikh issledovanii sovetskoi antarkticheskoi ekspeditsii (1955 - 1958 gg), 1. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 1 (9), 69 - 104." type="journal article" year="1962">
Naumov &amp; Stepanjants (
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFCC386F85A4FA4BF" box="[773,832,719,744]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1962.0">1962</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB476FFFDFFCB986F85D5DA4BF" author="Stepanjants" box="[895,1106,719,744]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Gidroidy vod antarktiki i subantarktiki. In: Rezul'taty biologicheskikh issledovanii sovetskikh antarkticheskikh ekspeditsii, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 22 (30), pp. 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1979">
Stepanjants (
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFBD686E75D45A4BF" box="[1040,1098,720,744]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1979.0">1979</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
found fertile specimens with longitudinally ridged gonothecae, similar to those occurring in the present material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A476FFFDFFF01872F5AF7A597" blockId="7.[151,1437,429,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Two gonothecae, one immature and another mature, provided with
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFC75872F5AC0A567" box="[947,975,792,816]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="10.0">10</number>
and
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFBC2872F5D1BA567" box="[1028,1044,792,816]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="9.0">9</number>
, respectively, rounded longitudinal ridges (
<figureCitation id="134B87BF476FFFDFFF2A870B5824A503" box="[236,299,828,853]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A, B" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,198,1707]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,195,1707]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, B: Hebella cf. scandens (Bale, 1888) — hydrotheca (A); gonotheca (B). C ‒ D: Hebella striata Allman, 1888 — hydrotheca (C); gonotheca (D). E, G, H: Phialella? falklandica Browne, 1902 — portion of erect stem (E) compared with that of P. quadrata (Forbes, 1848) (F); gonotheca seen laterally (G) and apically (H), compared with those of P. quadrata (I, stolonal; J, borne of stem). K, L: Silicularia? bilabiata (Coughtrey, 1876) — two hydrothecae (K); female gonotheca (L). M ‒ O: Silicularia rosea Meyen, 1834 — two hydrothecae (M) compared with specimens from Tristan da Cunha assigned to S. hemisphaerica (Allman, 1888) (P); female (N) and male (O) gonothecae, compared to homologous gonothecae (Q and R, respectively) from Tristan. S: Halecium corrugatissimum Trebilcock, 1828 — small stem with female gonotheca. Scale bars: 300 µm (A, B, E, F, S), 500 µm (C, D, G ‒ J), and 1 mm (K ‒ R)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286957/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Fig.
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFEE7870B5824A503" box="[289,299,828,852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1.0">1</number>
</figureCitation>
G, H), were found in the present material. The mature specimen is
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFBE0870B5D51A503" box="[1062,1118,828,852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1300.0">1300</number>
µm long and
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFB39870B5C26A502" box="[1279,1321,828,853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="500.0">500</number>
µm wide, and contains two medusa buds, the proximal one being the youngest. Its size exceeds that given (
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFB1587685C39A52F" box="[1235,1334,863,888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="625.0" valueMax="650.0" valueMin="600.0">600–650</number>
µm long and
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFF0087B35827A5CB" box="[198,296,900,924]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="415.0" valueMax="430.0" valueMin="400.0">400–430</number>
µm wide) by Naumov &amp; Stepanjants for their material from off
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA476FFFDFFC3087B25D81A5CA" box="[1014,1166,900,925]" name="New Zealand" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, though both exhibit the same longitudinal ridges, suggesting that they are most probably conspecific.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A476FFFDFFF0187FB5D4BA204" blockId="7.[151,1437,429,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Despite the opinion expressed by a number of authors [primarily
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB476FFFDFFC5B87FB5D5EA5B2" author="Hartlaub" box="[925,1105,972,997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1905) Die Hydroiden der Magalhaensischen Region und chilenischen Kuste. In: Fauna chilensis. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 6 (3) (Supplement), 497 - 714." type="journal article" year="1905">
Hartlaub (
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFBCB87FB5D46A5B2" box="[1037,1097,972,997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1905.0">1905</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, but also
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB476FFFDFFB7D87FA5C7FA5B3" author="Vervoort" box="[1211,1392,972,996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Vervoort, W. (1972) Hydroids from the Theta, Vema and Yelcho cruises of the Lamont-Doherty geological observatory. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 120, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1972">
Vervoort (
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFAEA87FB5C67A5B3" box="[1324,1384,972,996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1972.0">1972</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, for example], claiming a reliable distinction between
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFD0387C75A47A25F" box="[709,840,1008,1032]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFD0387C75A47A25F" box="[709,840,1008,1032]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. chilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFCB887C65D0EA25F" box="[894,1025,1008,1032]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFCB887C65D0EA25F" box="[894,1025,1008,1032]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. quadrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on features of the trophosome alone
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFF12802459D3A276" box="[212,220,1043,1057]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2.0">2</number>
, it appears that one is not distinguishable from the other. The supposed differences are further confounded by the lack of knowledge of both the gonothecae and the medusa of Hartlaub’s species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A476FFFDFFF0180695BABA350" blockId="7.[151,1437,429,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Although records of the medusa of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFD9580575BD9A220" box="[595,726,1119,1143]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFD9580575BD9A220" box="[595,726,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. quadrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are reliably documented from
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA476FFFDFFBE980695D64A220" box="[1071,1131,1118,1143]" name="Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chile</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB476FFFDFFBBC80695C03A220" author="Fagetti" box="[1146,1292,1118,1143]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Fagetti, E. G. (1973) Medusas de aguas chilenas. Revista de Biologia Marina Valparaiso, 15 (1), 31 - 75." type="journal article" year="1973">
Fagetti
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFB1780685C03A220" box="[1233,1292,1119,1143]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1973.0">1973</number>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE1E6CB476FFFDFFAD1806959DDA2CC" author="Palma" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Palma, S., Apablaza, P. &amp; Soto, D. (2007) Diversity and aggregation areas of planktonic cnidarians of the southern channels of Chile (Boca del Guafo to Pulluche Channel). Investigaciones Marinas, Valparaiso, 35 (3), 71 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4067 / s 0717 - 71782007000200008" type="journal article" year="2007">
Palma
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFAA280575C9AA220" box="[1380,1429,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
.
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFF5180B459DDA2CC" box="[151,210,1155,1179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2007.0">2007</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, Galea
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFEE380B4586EA2CC" box="[293,353,1155,1179]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2007.0">2007</number>
), only rearing experiments and molecular studies could test the relationships between the benthic and planktonic stages occurring in the country, as well as with their European counterpart. For the time being, fertile hydroids from
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA476FFFDFFE4C80FD58C9A2B4" box="[394,454,1226,1251]" name="Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chile</collectingCountry>
with smooth-walled to slightly undulated gonothecae are provisionally included in the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFEF780C758BCA350" box="[305,435,1263,1287]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFEF780C758BCA350" box="[305,435,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. quadrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as did Galea (
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFD9D80D85B96A350" box="[603,665,1263,1287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2007.0">2007</number>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A476FFFDFFF0181255B5CA388" blockId="7.[151,1437,429,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Conversely, the hydroids bearing longitudinally folded gonothecae are thought to belong to a different congener. At least another species of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFDFA81005BACA318" box="[572,675,1335,1359]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFDFA81005BACA318" box="[572,675,1335,1359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phialella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs along the Patagonian coast and around the
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA476FFFDFFB1B81015C97A318" box="[1245,1432,1334,1359]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Falkland islands</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFF51816C59B9A325" box="[151,182,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">viz</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFF03816C5B04A324" authority="Browne, 1902" authorityName="Browne" authorityYear="1902" box="[197,523,1371,1395]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="falklandica">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFF03816C586FA324" box="[197,352,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. falklandica</emphasis>
Browne,
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFE16816C5B04A324" box="[464,523,1371,1395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1902.0">1902</number>
</taxonomicName>
, but it is known exclusively from its medusa stage (see Galea
<number id="3DB8891D476FFFDFFB14816C5C00A324" box="[1234,1295,1371,1395]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2007.0">2007</number>
). It could be the case that the present hydroid and the medusa of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFD2D81B75A89A3C0" box="[747,902,1407,1431]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="falklandica">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFD2D81B75A89A3C0" box="[747,902,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. falklandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are synonymous but, in the absence of rearing experiments or genetic comparison, there is little evidence, besides the restricted geographical occurrence in the subantarctic, to support this hypothesis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AC8B1476FFFDFFF0181DD5AA8A01C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A476FFFDFFF0181DD5AD2A055" blockId="7.[151,1437,429,1611]" box="[199,989,1514,1539]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFF0181DD58B1A054" bold="true" box="[199,446,1514,1539]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Distribution in
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA476FFFDFFEB881DD58B1A054" box="[382,446,1514,1539]" name="Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chile</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. The present record is from
<collectingCountry id="F367DBAA476FFFDFFD3A81DD5A2BA054" box="[764,804,1514,1539]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Isla</collectingCountry>
Tres Hermanas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCF9B3A476FFFDFFF0182395AA8A01C" blockId="7.[151,1437,429,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFF0182395878A070" bold="true" box="[199,375,1550,1575]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">World records</emphasis>
. Since this hydroid could not be linked with certainty to the medusa of
<taxonomicName id="4C70E0B9476FFFDFFB0D82275C67A070" box="[1227,1384,1551,1575]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Phialellidae" genus="Phialella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="falklandica">
<emphasis id="B9044728476FFFDFFB0D82275C67A070" box="[1227,1384,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. falklandica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the geographical distribution of the latter could not be evaluated properly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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