364 lines
41 KiB
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364 lines
41 KiB
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<document id="8F9C9C947DB9A5E0813195C63C96747F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.214977" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77ee786b-c3de-46c0-a2e8-9247decffea5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="214977" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460494379731" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sh, Hossein Rajaei, Stüning, Dieter & Trusch, Robert" docDate="2012" docId="03A487B4573BFF8F72A7A768F484DC05" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03360p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3360" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gnopharmia rubraria Staudinger" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FF9DFFCC572CFF977230A44DF034D952" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision and zoogeographical patterns of the species of Gnopharmia Staudinger, 1892 (Geometridae, Ennominae)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698310700469" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="18F86D4E4D9243F630DDB38ED326A5C8">
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<mods:title id="CF3CA6AA25A8565925BCA88CD639B32C">Taxonomic revision and zoogeographical patterns of the species of Gnopharmia Staudinger, 1892 (Geometridae, Ennominae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A42BE0138924C700979F68CD6BB2CDE9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D143E7DCC5D982795BD34FFBA697C4FB">Sh, Hossein Rajaei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="221477655D81E731EB36C1C15372FACA">Stüning, Dieter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="751135BA9D27A0541ABB8279D922E5C6">Trusch, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="977A9FF5D0754421815E9392F31E096C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7B820430BB7350EBF13D38F9CFE3E7AD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="77CC1C2FD87563C3CB3FFE43982A868B">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="425A6772A25352FC1A46096899FEADB7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A1EC404CA317EBDA2E9C4CC34E63A38A">3360</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="826B50135DB8758149B5A576D94BF77C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A5A32FEFAC065D8E508360D71777E55D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.214977</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="29AB8E94CB2BA6B645B615EA26D5373F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A487B4573BFF8F72A7A768F484DC05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6177448" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119520351" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6177448" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487B4573BFF8F72A7A768F484DC05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487B4573BFF8F72A7A768F484DC05" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="C3176529573BFF8072A7A768F20FDA32" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB236A2573BFF8072A7A768F21ADA6D" blockId="23.[151,571,805,864]" box="[151,558,805,831]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="D0FA81CE573BFF8072A7A768F21ADA6D" bold="true" box="[151,558,805,831]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573BFF8072A7A768F21ADA6D" ID-CoL="3GNDP" authority="Staudinger" authorityName="Staudinger" box="[151,558,805,831]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573BFF8072A7A768F21ADA6D" bold="true" box="[151,558,805,831]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573BFF8072A7A768F194DA6D" bold="true" box="[151,416,805,831]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gnopharmia rubraria</emphasis>
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Staudinger
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236A2573BFF8072A7A705F20FDA32" blockId="23.[151,571,805,864]" box="[151,571,840,864]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">(Figs 27, 28, 29, 30, 43 & 44; Map 3)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3176529573BFF8072A7A7DDF2D5DD50" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB236A2573BFF8072A7A7DDF403DAB1" blockId="23.[151,1436,912,1026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D118C573BFF8072A7A7DDF403DAB1" infered="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573BFF8072A7A7DDF257DAF4" ID-CoL="3GNDP" authority="Staudinger, 1892: 184" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityPageNumber="184" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,611,912,934]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573BFF8072A7A7DDF143DAF4" box="[151,375,912,934]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gnopharmia rubraria</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10B3573BFF80734FA7DDF257DAF4" author="Staudinger" box="[383,611,912,934]" page="184" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1892">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B53573BFF80734FA7DDF204DAF4" author="Staudinger" box="[383,560,912,934]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Staudinger, O. (1892) Neue Arten u Varietaten von palaarktischen Geometriden. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 5, 141 - 260." type="journal article" year="1892">Staudinger, 1892</bibRefCitation>
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: 184
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 2, fig. 12.
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573BFF8070CEA7DCF36FDAF4" box="[766,859,913,934]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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4 3, 3 Ƥ, coll. Staudinger in MNHU (examined).
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573BFF80775AA7DCF5A8DAF4" box="[1386,1436,913,934]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
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localities: Marasch (SE Taurus,
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573BFF80703BA7E3F26CDA96" box="[523,600,942,964]" name="Turkey" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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); Aintab (S.
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573BFF8070E7A7E3F310DA96" box="[727,804,942,964]" name="Turkey" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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), Jerusalem (
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573BFF807197A7E3F3D1DA96" box="[935,997,942,964]" name="Israel" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Israel</collectingCountry>
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).
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573BFF8071C5A7E2F51FDA97" bold="true" box="[1013,1323,942,965]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573BFF8071C5A7E2F454DA96" box="[1013,1120,943,964]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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designated herein.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573BFF8072A7A780F251DAB1" ID-CoL="3GNDP" authority="Staudinger, 1901: 344" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityPageNumber="344" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,613,973,995]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573BFF8072A7A780F141DAB1" box="[151,373,973,995]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gnopharmia rubraria</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10B3573BFF8073B3A780F251DAB1" author="Staudinger" box="[387,613,973,995]" page="344" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1901">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B53573BFF8073B3A780F206DAB1" author="Staudinger" box="[387,562,973,995]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (1901) Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palaearctischen Faunengebietes (Ed. 3). R. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin, 368 pp." type="book" year="1901">Staudinger, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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: 344
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Prout, 1915: 384; Wehrli, 1953: 567, pl. 47d.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236A2573BFF8072A7A7A1F2D5DD50" blockId="23.[151,1436,912,1026]" box="[151,737,1004,1026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1D118C573BFF8072A7A7A1F2D5DD50" box="[151,737,1004,1026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573BFF8072A7A7A1F2E9DD50" ID-CoL="3GNDP" authority="Parsons et al., 1999: 406" authorityName="Parsons et al." authorityPageNumber="406" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,733,1004,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rubraria" subSpecies="rubraria">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573BFF8072A7A7A1F1E7DD50" box="[151,467,1004,1026]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gnopharmia rubraria rubraria</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAC10B3573BFF8073D1A7A0F2E9DD50" author="Parsons" box="[481,733,1004,1026]" page="406" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B53573BFF8073D1A7A0F29EDD53" author="Parsons" box="[481,682,1004,1026]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Parsons, M. S., Scoble, M. J., Honey, H. R., Pitkin, L. M. & Pitkin, R. B. (1999) The catalogue. in: Scoble, M. J., ed. Geometrid Moths of the world: a catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, 1046 pp." type="book" year="1999">Parsons et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 406
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3176529573BFF8072A7A07DF455DC4D" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB236A2573BFF8072A7A07DF455DC4D" blockId="23.[151,1436,1071,2031]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573BFF8072A7A07DF0FBDD1A" box="[151,207,1072,1096]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
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material examined.
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573BFF8073F8A07DF20CDD1A" box="[456,568,1072,1096]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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3 (hereby designated in order to stabilize nomenclature), ‘Jerusalem | 91, Paulus, [1891]’, ‘Origin’, ‘Rubraria’, ‘GloblnG specimen ID: 0024’, ‘gen. prep. 402/2008 H. R.’, ‘
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573BFF807735A01EF54EDD39" box="[1285,1402,1107,1131]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573BFF8077B4A019F1F9DDDD" authority="Staudinger, 1892" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573BFF8077B4A019F0CCDDDD" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. rubraria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B53573BFF807337A03AF1F9DDDD" author="Staudinger" box="[263,461,1143,1167]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Staudinger, O. (1892) Neue Arten u Varietaten von palaarktischen Geometriden. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 5, 141 - 260." type="journal article" year="1892">Staudinger, 1892</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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| design. here’, ‘
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573BFF80709BA035F43DDDDD" authority="Staudinger, 1892" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1892" box="[683,1033,1143,1167]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573BFF80709BA035F300DDDD" box="[683,820,1143,1167]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. rubraria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B53573BFF807172A03AF43DDDDD" author="Staudinger" box="[834,1033,1143,1167]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Staudinger, O. (1892) Neue Arten u Varietaten von palaarktischen Geometriden. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 5, 141 - 260." type="journal article" year="1892">Staudinger, 1892</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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| det. H. R., 2009’, in
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE67573BFF80770FA035F5ACDDDD" box="[1343,1432,1144,1167]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MNHU</collectionCode>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573BFF8072A7A0D6F10BDDE1" box="[151,319,1179,1203]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
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: 1 Ƥ [Jerusalem, 91, Paulus, 1891]’, ‘Origin’, ‘gen. prep. 403/2008 H. R.’, ‘
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<typeStatus id="54B68800573BFF8076EAA0D6F54CDDE1" box="[1242,1400,1179,1203]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D21573BFF8077B4A0D1F189DD85" authority="Staudinger, 1892" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573BFF8077B4A0D1F0CCDD85" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. rubraria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B53573BFF8072CEA0F2F189DD85" author="Staudinger" box="[254,445,1215,1239]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Staudinger, O. (1892) Neue Arten u Varietaten von palaarktischen Geometriden. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 5, 141 - 260." type="journal article" year="1892">Staudinger, 1892</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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| design. here’, ‘
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<emphasis id="B979EAB0573BFF80704AA08DF2C2DD85" box="[634,758,1215,1239]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G. r u b r a r i a</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B53573BFF807131A0F2F38BDD85" author="Staudinger" box="[769,959,1215,1239]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Staudinger, O. (1892) Neue Arten u Varietaten von palaarktischen Geometriden. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 5, 141 - 260." type="journal article" year="1892">Staudinger, 1892</bibRefCitation>
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|
|
| det. H. R., 2009’; 1 3, 1 Ƥ, ‘Palaestina’, ‘Cotype’, in coll. Püngeler; 13, ‘Aintab’, ‘87 Man’.; ‚Origin.’13, ‘Marasch’, ‘82 Manis’, 1Ƥ, ‘Origin’. ‘18.5.’, all in coll. Staudinger in
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE67573BFF8073B8A145F1D6DC4D" box="[392,482,1288,1311]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MNHU</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
. Additional material studied: 223 3; 20 Ƥ, see appendix.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3176529573BFF8F72F7A167F56FD986" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB236A2573BFF8F72F7A167F56FD986" blockId="23.[151,1436,1071,2031]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1436,151,1367]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB0573BFF8072F7A167F16DDC11" bold="true" box="[199,345,1322,1347]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Wings and body (Figs 27–30). Frons moderately extended, with a shallow depression and a weak central protrusion distally. 12–13 apical segments of male antennae without pectination. Tibial spine acute, moderately long, with broad base. Wings broad, wingspan
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CF59B47573BFF807102A13EF39ADCD9" box="[818,942,1395,1419]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="28.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="26.0">26–30 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, ground colour from pale cream to reddishbrown, suffused with dark grey scales or groups of scales, distinctly so on the hindwing upperside. Transverse lines of fore- and hindwings almost obsolete, only single small dark brown spots representing them are left, but those on costa at antemedial, medial and postmedial position are rather strong. The light, dentate submarginal line present, but a darker band and a distinct apical patch are mostly absent. Marginal line with black, interrupted streaks. Discal dots present, but small. Under side cream-coloured, strongly suffused with darker scales, dark marginal band absent or weak visible. Small discal dots present. Variation. Specimens intensively coloured reddish-brown mainly occur in SE.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573BFF807318A222F14DDFD5" box="[296,377,1647,1671]" name="Turkey" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, N.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573BFF807396A222F1D5DFD5" box="[422,481,1647,1671]" name="Syria" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573BFF807027A222F26CDFD5" box="[535,600,1647,1671]" name="Israel" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, but already
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B53573BFF8070D8A222F3DFDFD5" author="Staudinger" box="[744,1003,1647,1671]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Staudinger, O. (1892) Neue Arten u Varietaten von palaarktischen Geometriden. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 5, 141 - 260." type="journal article" year="1892">Staudinger (1892: 185)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
mentions three specimens of the typeseries having this colouration reduced to remnants in the basal part of the fore wings and an indistinct postmedial line. Often, especially in the western part of the distribution area, specimens almost or completely without reddishbrown colour occur. In this area, also specimens with a rather strong submarginal band on upper- and a broad marginal band on under side occur. The dark suffusion may be strong and also very dark, almost black specimens have been collected (fig. 30a). Male genitalia and pre-genital abdomen (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="13362A27573BFF80718AA36EF40DDE69" box="[954,1081,1827,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 43 – 44" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[195,1396,217,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[172,1416,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 43 – 44. Male genitalia and abdominal sternites of G. r u b r a r i a, 43: specimen from Köprüköy, Kizilirmak (Central Turkey), gen. prep. 654 / 2008 H. R., SEM prep. 30 / 2009 H. R., 44: lectotype, gen. prep. 406 / 2008 H. R., SEM prep. 14 / 2009 H. R., a: genital capsule; b: aedeagus; c: distal part of aedeagus (SEM; with scales); d. sternite A 8. Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214991/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 43–44</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
). Sacculus with proximal toothlike projections slightly longer than dorsal ones. Aedeagus long (1.3–1.9 mm) with a very large ventral fin. 1–2 (rarely 3) small distal subapical spines on ventral side near tip of aedeagus present, proximal subapical spines at large distance to them, variable in size: there may be two or three long or moderately long spines in the eastern and southern populations (East
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573BFF8073E3A3FEF210DE99" box="[467,548,1971,1995]" name="Turkey" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573BFF807003A3FEF245DE99" box="[563,625,1971,1995]" name="Syria" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573BFF8070B0A3FEF2DCDE99" box="[640,744,1971,1995]" name="Palestine" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Palestina</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573BFF8070C6A3FEF30CDE99" box="[758,824,1971,1995]" name="Israel" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
; see map 3), one very short in the populations from western
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573BFF8072C8A39AF17DDEBD" box="[248,329,2007,2031]" name="Turkey" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, often it is completely absent in specimens from Central and Northern
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A7632573BFF8076B3A39AF4E1DEBD" box="[1155,1237,2007,2031]" name="Turkey" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. Specimens from Marasch (Maraš), geographically in the middle between both, exhibit long and short and also intermediate forms of spines. Cornutus on vesica absent. Octavals bulged at basal part, constricted subapically; length 0.4–0.5 mm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31765295734FF8F72F7A492F17DDB6E" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB236A25734FF8F72F7A492F17DDB6E" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,1367]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F72F7A492F175D9AA" bold="true" box="[199,321,223,248]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
The reddish-brown ground colour of the wings may be a useful character to distinguish this species from other
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7326A549F191D84E" box="[278,421,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7326A549F191D84E" box="[278,421,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Gnopharmia</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but specimens with similar coloration are also known from other species, in addition, the variability of ground colour is high in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7076A565F292D812" box="[582,678,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7076A565F292D812" box="[582,678,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">rubraria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Consideration of the geographical origin is important (see map 3). In the Levant, obviously (as far as we know) only
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F70F7A500F372D836" box="[711,838,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F70F7A500F372D836" box="[711,838,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. rubraria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
occurs. In Eastern
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F762CA501F459D836" box="[1052,1133,332,356]" name="Turkey" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, however, also
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7728A500F5AFD836" box="[1304,1435,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7728A500F5AFD836" box="[1304,1435,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. irakensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F72F8A53DF15ED8DA" box="[200,362,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colchidaria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F72F8A53DF15ED8DA" box="[200,362,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. colchidaria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are present, but rare. In males, the length of the unpectinated distal part of the antennae may help to distinguish
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7349A5D9F1EED8FE" box="[377,474,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7349A5D9F1EED8FE" box="[377,474,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">rubraria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7015A5D9F2BED8FE" box="[549,650,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7015A5D9F2BED8FE" box="[549,650,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">irakensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(12–13 free segments in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F718BA5D9F42FD8FE" box="[955,1051,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F718BA5D9F42FD8FE" box="[955,1051,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">rubraria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CF59B475734FF8F761DA5D9F45ED8FE" box="[1069,1130,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7645A5D9F4EED8FE" box="[1141,1242,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7645A5D9F4EED8FE" box="[1141,1242,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">irakensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
). Also the tibial spines are different: rather long and acute in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F70A6A5F5F2C2D882" box="[662,758,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F70A6A5F5F2C2D882" box="[662,758,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">rubraria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, short and triangular in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F763BA5F5F4B8D882" box="[1035,1164,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colchidaria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F763BA5F5F4B8D882" box="[1035,1164,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">colchidaria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, absent in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F773AA5F5F55BD882" box="[1290,1391,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F773AA5F5F55BD882" box="[1290,1391,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">irakensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Of course, the male genitalia are also distinct in the three species. Especially distinctive is the very large ventral fin in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F72A7A64DF0CCDB4A" box="[151,248,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F72A7A64DF0CCDB4A" box="[151,248,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">rubraria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(small in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7340A64DF1C5DB4A" box="[368,497,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colchidaria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7340A64DF1C5DB4A" box="[368,497,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">colchidaria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, absent in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7043A64DF2ECDB4A" box="[627,728,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irakensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7043A64DF2ECDB4A" box="[627,728,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">irakensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
). Barcoding results (see fig. 54) confirmed that
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7739A64DF55EDB4A" box="[1289,1386,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7739A64DF55EDB4A" box="[1289,1386,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">rubraria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is a distinct species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31765295734FF8F72F7A60AF2D7DC60" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB236A25734FF8F72F7A60AF2B5DA95" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,1367]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F72F7A60AF1A2DB32" bold="true" box="[199,406,583,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535734FF8F73ACA60AF2AADB0D" author="Staudinger" box="[412,670,583,607]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Staudinger, O. (1892) Neue Arten u Varietaten von palaarktischen Geometriden. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 5, 141 - 260." type="journal article" year="1892">Staudinger (1892: 184)</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
described
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7126A605F3A4DB32" box="[790,912,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. r u b r a r i a</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
based on seven specimens, two males and two females from Jerusalem, one male from “Aintab” (Gaziantep, SE.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F71AAA621F3DADBD6" box="[922,1006,620,644]" name="Turkey" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
), and one male and one female from “Marasch” (Maraš, Kahramanmaraš; S.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F7049A6C2F2FADBF5" box="[633,718,655,679]" name="Turkey" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
). He stated already a certain variability in the type-series, concerning reduction of the reddish-brown ground colour. The same did Wehrli (1953), stating an extremely high variability for his material from S.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F702DA69AF25BDBBD" box="[541,623,727,751]" name="Turkey" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. We even found specimens without any trace of reddish colour and some being almost black. Wehrli (l.c.) also expanded the area of distribution for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F71CEA6B1F46ADA46" box="[1022,1118,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F71CEA6B1F46ADA46" box="[1022,1118,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">rubraria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, adding
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F76F5A6B1F513DA46" box="[1221,1319,764,788]" name="Armenia" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(Negram, Darasham),
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F7313A76CF164DA6A" box="[291,336,801,824]" name="Iran" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(Elburs, Demavend) and “Transcaspien” (Turkmenia: Ashkhabad, Merw). All these specimens have been examined. They are very similar to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F708DA709F329DA0E" box="[701,797,836,860]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F708DA709F329DA0E" box="[701,797,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">rubraria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by the reddish-brown ground colour, but belong to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F77B4A708F195DAD2" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="colchidaria" subSpecies="colchidaria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F77B4A708F195DAD2" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. colchidaria colchidaria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7380A725F268DAD2" box="[432,604,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="colchidaria" subSpecies="sinesefida">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7380A725F268DAD2" box="[432,604,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. c. sinesefida</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F70A5A725F377DAD2" box="[661,835,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="colchidaria" subSpecies="objectaria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F70A5A725F377DAD2" box="[661,835,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. c. objectaria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, respectively. Only the two specimens from “Merw” (NE. Turkmenia) are true
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F738BA7C0F20EDAF6" box="[443,570,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F738BA7C0F20EDAF6" box="[443,570,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. rubraria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, but very probably they are mislabelled. To our knowledge,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F76D2A7C0F555DAF6" box="[1250,1377,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F76D2A7C0F555DAF6" box="[1250,1377,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. rubraria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
does not occur in the whole Transcaspian region.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB236A25734FF8F72F7A79EF2D7DC60" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,1367]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F72F7A79EF1D8DABE" bold="true" box="[199,492,979,1004]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Life history and habitat.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Early stages and biology unknown, but larval foodplant probably –as in other taxais a species of bitter almond. As the geographic distribution of the three
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F7189A7B5F402DD42" box="[953,1078,1016,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Amygdalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F7189A7B5F402DD42" box="[953,1078,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Amygdalus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
species (
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F76ADA7B5F5ACDD5D" authority="Duhamel" authorityName="Duhamel" box="[1181,1432,1015,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Amygdalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F76ADA7B5F513DD42" box="[1181,1319,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. orientalis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Duhamel
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F72A7A051F151DD66" box="[151,357,1052,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Amygdalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trichamygdalus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F72A7A051F151DD66" box="[151,357,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. trichamygdalus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Hand.-Marz.) Woronow and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F708CA051F307DD66" box="[700,819,1052,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Amygdalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F708CA051F307DD66" box="[700,819,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. arabica</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
) (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B535734FF8F717CA051F44ADD66" author="Browicz" box="[844,1150,1051,1076]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Browicz, K. & Zieninski, J. (1984) Chorology of Trees and Shrubs in South-West Asia and Adjucent Regions. Vol. 4, Warszawa- Poznen, Polish scientific publishers." type="journal volume" year="1984">Browicz & Zieliński, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
) is matching with that of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D215734FF8F72A7A00DF12EDD0A" box="[151,282,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Gnopharmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubraria">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F72A7A00DF12EDD0A" box="[151,282,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. rubraria</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, we suppose that one or more of these species should be the larval hostplant. Wehrli (1953: 568) concluded from his large, dated material from Marasch (Maraš; S.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F718CA029F43ADD2E" box="[956,1038,1124,1148]" name="Turkey" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
) that
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F766AA028F4EFDD2E" box="[1114,1243,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G. r u b r a r i a</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
occurs in three generations, during April-May, June-August and in November, with a peak-activity in May and June (June-July according to our material). Obviously, the generations are not clearly separated. Elevation of collecting sites according to Wehrli (l. c.) between
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CF59B475734FF8F7000A082F24DDDBA" box="[560,633,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CF59B475734FF8F7084A082F33FDDBA" box="[692,779,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(between
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CF59B475734FF8F71B4A082F3F9DDBA" box="[900,973,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CF59B475734FF8F7638A082F46ADDBA" box="[1032,1118,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
according to our additional material). Earliest record
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFB310625734FF8F7387A0BAF221DC50" box="[439,533,1268,1295]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">April 6th</date>
|
|||
|
|
(Urfa,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F7058A0BAF28DDC5D" box="[616,697,1271,1295]" name="Turkey" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CF59B475734FF8F70F5A0BAF339DC5D" box="[709,781,1271,1295]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
a.s.l., the latest date
|
|||
|
|
<date id="FFB310625734FF8F71CCA0BAF490DC50" box="[1020,1188,1268,1295]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">September 15th</date>
|
|||
|
|
(
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F7684A0BAF537DC5D" box="[1204,1283,1271,1295]" name="Jordan" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, Irbid,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="4CF59B475734FF8F7764A0BAF5A8DC5D" box="[1364,1436,1271,1295]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
a.s.l.) and even November at Marasch (Wehrli, l. c.).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="C31765295734FF8F72F7A173F484DC05" box="[199,1200,1342,1367]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8BB236A25734FF8F72F7A173F484DC05" blockId="24.[151,1436,151,1367]" box="[199,1200,1342,1367]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B979EAB05734FF8F72F7A173F16DDC05" bold="true" box="[199,345,1342,1367]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Distribution</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Map 3).
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F73F9A172F23EDC05" box="[457,522,1343,1367]" name="Israel" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F7025A172F249DC05" box="[533,637,1343,1367]" name="Palestine" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Palestine</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F70B8A172F2F2DC05" box="[648,710,1343,1367]" name="Syria" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Syria</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F70E1A172F32ADC05" box="[721,798,1343,1367]" name="Jordan" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F711AA172F3BBDC05" box="[810,911,1343,1367]" name="Lebanon" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, East and Central
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31A76325734FF8F766AA172F498DC05" box="[1114,1196,1343,1367]" name="Turkey" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|