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<document id="8C74CCC5DB1BC8EF5B1A76919D550ED8" ID-CLB-Dataset="56043" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.813.1729" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ac406bb4-11b2-425e-b793-599560c503d9" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448751" ID-ZooBank="687DE2C9-28A4-43E6-A47D-DE2D2839AB60" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1649696887367" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Cole, Mary L. &amp; Herbert, David G." docDate="2022" docId="03A387ECFB747A40CDF0312D0558F99E" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-813_1-32.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 813" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.813.1729" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Gulella crookesi Cole &amp; Herbert 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="DFA049BF-A8B0-4B47-B04C-E6EB64CEE8F0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FF9AFF94FB647A51CF7633470125FFEF" masterDocTitle="Eight new species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from the south-east coast of South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae)" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1699319808271" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="746623AF0CB4FF6E09D910B89C36718C">
<mods:title id="B85EC4034F1236FB1FD4E29FC6824AD5">Eight new species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from the south-east coast of South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6EB4119450C8E06971D531D2FF9080C0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="176681DC4EAA1BD365230F693A337B85">
<mods:roleTerm id="76B35A2D07A0BBCE66D275AB8C77BD02">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="722F63FDD89C3DA6B89D2B650CD5286C">Cole, Mary L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AE403E8508DE1B9724D2F770FB9EA8D9" type="LSID">FDA80F4A-4E08-401E-8FF6-778E033BBBA7</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="4BE4FAA2BB5EE28BB76984CEE8858CAB">East London Museum, 319 Oxford St, East London, 5201, South Africa and Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6516AF07026577E47CB72D2FD07FE324" type="email">marybursey@elmuseum.za.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AC4A9C2262A9275A30481CBAC460C8B0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E1C9484CAB896407B8D5E7718503D5AE">
<mods:roleTerm id="A7E8B6156A29A30C4874B599A5C7D2BF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9D6277D2658B5985FA5BA1E032B46CEF">Herbert, David G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8B57ECC781F8F29ED1E3C14B8BAFE332" type="LSID">0C09EE45-6198-482E-857A-EF690C2A016F</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E2A565762247860F10A8920822668E0D">Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom and University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag. X 01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BAB746069DD43258F3E93BC60CF9B16E" type="email">phasianella@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="01F07EC9AA3A41660B852126EB774004">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="9647DC40A823A9988744BF5572C6168F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="8ACEC13D9ABE103D093CBE0E0B80BD0F">
<mods:title id="F523D6F531AF2E06C6875F6357D5EABE">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="3C1E2020B58C5907019A34281F97E137">
<mods:date id="0720A580D731033E33ED16E115E03244">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9BE8A36A5A8B2FBD8ECFF47B280FAB24" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="AED2B92D559C3BF1D58BD7408A00EF51">2022-04-11</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="67D51C6644D9DD9AF539FDCE7FBFC416" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A4B63BAE8628E17828EB84F9F9172D71">813</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="F47B7EDABB2866DD6F0B6EAF1D391BB8">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="A8099FDBEB10A7EFE0DD1DB488EA2774">32</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="A57322C3369D2C5231B90BE3A51C4AA5">
<mods:url id="0ED7CAE2EC7011F6CC2516E62B4C2A2E">http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.813.1729</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="9F292F26B3961825235E103CAE8C62B5">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="243CFECA1F04F15EB4849827E5D8FEF4" type="CLB-Dataset">56043</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1B169D213B498A20BA22206004E4E8AB" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2022.813.1729</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D74FFB19A204DDD885088CBE9613160B" type="GBIF-Dataset">ac406bb4-11b2-425e-b793-599560c503d9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="34800E51BEF82E62277DB5672C86E48C" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EEFFA6E3DAC2D5B1E24A4321717A6990" type="Zenodo-Dep">6448751</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6776AE2E2F9874AA8D25FBDE845F8050" type="ZooBank">687DE2C9-28A4-43E6-A47D-DE2D2839AB60</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A387ECFB747A40CDF0312D0558F99E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6452999" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194587701" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6452999" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DFA049BF-A8B0-4B47-B04C-E6EB64CEE8F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A387ECFB747A40CDF0312D0558F99E" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="C3106571FB747A41CDF0312D028BFD6A" box="[646,942,618,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB747A41CDF0312D028BFD6A" blockId="16.[358,1229,618,715]" box="[646,942,618,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="D0FD8196FB747A41CDF0312D028BFD6A" box="[646,942,618,645]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D79FB747A41CDF0312D0269FD6A" ID-CoL="8ZG98" authority="Cole &amp; Herbert, 2022" authorityName="Cole &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2022" box="[646,844,618,645]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crookesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB747A41CDF0312D0269FD6A" bold="true" box="[646,844,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Gulella crookesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D5793FB747A41CC25312C028BFD6A" box="[851,942,619,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106571FB747A41CE1031CA024CFD24" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB747A41CE1031CA05E8FD48" blockId="16.[358,1229,618,715]" box="[358,1229,653,679]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<uri id="FF9B3AF8FB747A41CE1031CA05E8FD48" box="[358,1229,653,679]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFAC0C2FFB747A41CDF231CA05E8FD48" box="[644,1229,653,679]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">DFA049BF-A8B0-4B47-B04C-E6EB64CEE8F0</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB747A41CDBC31F6024CFD24" blockId="16.[358,1229,618,715]" box="[714,873,689,715]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<figureCitation id="13312A7FFB747A41CDBC31F60230FD24" box="[714,789,689,715]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-327@6.[189,1398,1181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Distribution map of Gulella kenbrowni sp. nov. (pink circles), G. fordycei sp. nov. (blue squares), G. mkombeni sp. nov. (green triangles) and G. crookesi sp. nov. (orange square). Contour at 1000 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448759/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13312A7FFB747A41CC5731F6024CFD24" box="[801,873,689,715]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,296,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[189,1399,281,1873]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Gulella crookesi sp. nov., holotype (NMSA P1680/T4526), length 2.44 mm, width 1.17 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. View into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448773/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7A–D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106571FB747A41CFCB31B50330FC04" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB747A41CFCB31B50013FCE3" blockId="16.[189,310,754,780]" box="[189,310,754,780]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="D0FD8196FB747A41CFCB31B50013FCE3" bold="true" box="[189,310,754,780]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB747A41CFCB31B50013FCE3" bold="true" box="[189,310,754,780]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB747A41CFCB30660330FC04" blockId="16.[189,1399,801,1003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Shell minute, sub-cylindrical; smooth and glossy; aperture markedly constricted by teeth and narrower towards base; apertural dentition nine-fold, including an oblique parietal lamella with a notch in its lower margin, a large triangular labral tooth, its upper margin sinuous, and with a denticle near lip edge and another further into aperture, three inset basal teeth in close apposition, a low, broad rounded denticle on columella lip and a large inset tricuspid columella lamella; umbilicus widely open and with distinct peri-umbilical pleats.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106571FB747A41CFCB375505A5FBB4" box="[189,1152,1042,1115]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB747A41CFCB37550061FBC3" blockId="16.[189,324,1042,1068]" box="[189,324,1042,1068]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="D0FD8196FB747A41CFCB37550061FBC3" bold="true" box="[189,324,1042,1068]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB747A41CFCB37550061FBC3" bold="true" box="[189,324,1042,1068]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB747A41CFCB370605A5FBB4" blockId="16.[189,1152,1089,1115]" box="[189,1152,1089,1115]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Named for the
<typeStatus id="54B18858FB747A41CE1837060084FBB4" box="[366,417,1089,1115]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
locality, the Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve,
<collectingRegion id="49CEF818FB747A41CCB637060559FBB4" box="[960,1148,1089,1115]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106571FB747A41CFCB37C50452F9A5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB747A41CFCB37C5008FFB73" blockId="16.[189,426,1154,1180]" box="[189,426,1154,1180]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="D0FD8196FB747A41CFCB37C5008FFB73" bold="true" box="[189,426,1154,1180]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB747A41CFCB37C5008FFB73" bold="true" box="[189,426,1154,1180]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB747A41CF9C37F60320FADB" blockId="16.[189,1398,1201,1333]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<materialsCitation id="3B623CA7FB747A41CF9C37F60320FADB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3750850388" collectingDate="2010-01-12" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="M. and K. Cole" country="South Africa" elevation="410" latitude="-30.2728" location="Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="30.6052" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="P1680/ T4526" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB747A41CF9C37F60079FB24" bold="true" box="[234,348,1201,1227]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="54B18858FB747A41CF9C37F60079FB24" box="[234,348,1201,1227]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F31D766AFB747A41CFCB379300AAFB01" box="[189,399,1236,1262]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB747A41CEDD379303A4FB01" bold="true" box="[427,641,1236,1262]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<collectingRegion id="49CEF818FB747A41CEDD37930355FB01" box="[427,624,1236,1262]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
•
</emphasis>
<location id="8ED56021FB747A41CDFC3793052DFB01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387ECFB747A40CDF0312D0558F99E:8ED56021FB747A41CDFC3793052DFB01" box="[650,1032,1236,1262]" country="South Africa" latitude="-30.2728" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="30.6052" name="Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A072FD8FB747A41CB6237930457FB01" box="[1044,1394,1236,1263]" location="Scottburgh" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<quantity id="4CF29B1FFB747A41CB6237930551FB01" box="[1044,1140,1236,1263]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="km" value="13.5">13.5 km</quantity>
WNW of Scottburgh
</locationDeviation>
,
<location id="8ED56021FB747A41CFCB37BF0069FAFE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387ECFB747A40CDF0312D0558F99E:8ED56021FB747A41CFCB37BF0069FAFE" box="[189,332,1271,1298]" country="South Africa" latitude="-30.2728" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="30.6052" name="scarp forest" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">scarp forest</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E503DFB747A41CE2F37B000FFFAFE" box="[345,474,1271,1297]" degrees="30.2728" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5" value="-30.2728">30.2728° S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3E503DFB747A41CE9F37B0034FFAFD" box="[489,618,1271,1298]" degrees="30.6052" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5" value="30.6052">30.6052°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0027D1C9FB747A41CD0F37B0022DFAFE" box="[633,776,1271,1298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="410.0">
<quantity id="4CF29B1FFB747A41CD0F37B003E3FAFD" box="[633,710,1271,1298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="410.0">410 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<date id="FFB4103AFB747A41CC6E37B00290FAFE" box="[792,949,1271,1298]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2010-01-12">
<collectingDate id="EFF0E9D2FB747A41CC6E37B00290FAFE" box="[792,949,1271,1298]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2010-01-12">12 Jan. 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26FF532CFB747A41CCB537BF05A5FAFE" box="[963,1152,1271,1298]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M. and K. Cole</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE3FFB747A41CBB137B0043FFAFE" box="[1223,1306,1271,1297]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBAC9E81FB747A41CA5537B00029FADA" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P1680/ T4526</specimenCode>
, prev. ELMD 16438.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB747A41CF9C361B0452F9A5" blockId="16.[189,1399,1372,1610]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<materialsCitation id="3B623CA7FB747A41CF9C361B0326FA53" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3750850301" collectingDate="2010-01-12" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="M. and K. Cole" country="South Africa" elevation="410" latitude="-30.2728" location="KwaZulu-Natal" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="30.6052" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="P1617/ T4499" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB747A41CF9C361B0042FA99" bold="true" box="[234,359,1372,1398]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="54B18858FB747A41CF9C361B0042FA99" box="[234,359,1372,1398]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F31D766AFB747A41CFCB363800B4FA76" box="[189,401,1407,1433]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
–
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB747A41CEC03638035EFA76" bold="true" box="[438,635,1407,1433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<collectingRegion id="49CEF818FB747A41CEC03638035EFA76" box="[438,635,1407,1433]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD73FB747A41CDEE363803D5FA76" box="[664,752,1407,1433]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for holotype;
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE3FFB747A41CBB03638043CFA76" box="[1222,1305,1407,1433]" collectionName="South Africa, Kwa-Zulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Natal Museum" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBAC9E81FB747A41CA5536380029FA53" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P1617/ T4499</specimenCode>
, prev. ELMD 16438
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B623CA7FB747A41CD5736E5046FFA53" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3750850372" box="[545,1354,1442,1469]" collectingDate="2010-01-12" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="M. and K. Cole" country="South Africa" elevation="410" latitude="-30.2728" location="Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="30.6052" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="ELMD 16438/T 230" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD73FB747A41CD5736E5035AFA52" box="[545,639,1442,1469]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4 specs</specimenCount>
.; same collection data as for holotype;
<specimenCode id="DBAC9E81FB747A41CB2336E4046FFA53" box="[1109,1354,1442,1469]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ELMD 16438/T 230</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B623CA7FB747A41CA1E36E50594FA30" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3750850305" collectingDate="2010-01-12" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="M. and K. Cole" country="South Africa" elevation="410" latitude="-30.2728" location="Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="30.6052" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="NHMUK 20210071" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD73FB747A41CA1E36E50020FA0F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2 specs</specimenCount>
.; same collection data as for holotype;
<specimenCode id="DBAC9E81FB747A41CDA4368102E4FA30" box="[722,961,1477,1504]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">NHMUK 20210071</specimenCode>
, prev. ELMD 16438
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B623CA7FB747A41CBBA36820563F9ED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3750850392" collectingDate="2010-01-12" collectionCode="NMW" collectorName="M. and K. Cole" country="South Africa" elevation="410" latitude="-30.2728" location="Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="30.6052" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="NMW.Z.2021.011.00003" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD73FB747A41CBBA3682040CFA0F" box="[1228,1321,1477,1504]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2 specs</specimenCount>
.; same collection data as for holotype;
<specimenCode id="DBAC9E81FB747A41CD5936AE027CF9EC" box="[559,857,1513,1539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">NMW.Z.2021.011.00003</specimenCode>
, prev. ELMD 16438
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B623CA7FB747A41CB2936AE0280F9C9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3750850411" collectingDate="2010-01-12" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="M. and K. Cole" country="South Africa" elevation="410" latitude="-30.2728" location="Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="30.6052" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="RMNH.MOL.452590" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD73FB747A41CB2936AE0591F9EC" box="[1119,1204,1513,1539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
; same collection data as for holotype;
<specimenCode id="DBAC9E81FB747A41CEC5354B0393F9C8" box="[435,694,1548,1575]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">RMNH.MOL.452590</specimenCode>
, prev. ELMD 16438
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B623CA7FB747A41CCCB354B0456F9A5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3750850380" collectingDate="2011-04-15" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="D. Herbert &amp; Davis &amp; M. Cole &amp; R. Daniels" country="South Africa" elevation="410" latitude="-30.2728" location="Station 11 - 14" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="30.6052" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="W8095/T4484" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D0CFD73FB747A41CCCB354B0537F9C9" box="[957,1042,1548,1574]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
; same locality as for holotype,
<location id="8ED56021FB747A41CFCB35680078F9A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A387ECFB747A40CDF0312D0558F99E:8ED56021FB747A41CFCB35680078F9A6" box="[189,349,1583,1609]" country="South Africa" latitude="-30.2728" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="30.6052" name="Station 11 - 14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">Station 11-14</location>
;
<date id="FFB4103AFB747A41CE1F35680328F9A6" box="[361,525,1583,1610]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2011-04-15">
<collectingDate id="EFF0E9D2FB747A41CE1F35680328F9A6" box="[361,525,1583,1610]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2011-04-15">15 April 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26FF532CFB747A41CD6F356803BCF9A6" box="[537,665,1583,1609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D. Herbert</collectorName>
, L,
<collectorName id="26FF532CFB747A41CDB23568022EF9A6" box="[708,779,1583,1609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Davis</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26FF532CFB747A41CC6035680253F9A6" box="[790,886,1583,1609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">M. Cole</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26FF532CFB747A41CCD83568050FF9A6" box="[942,1066,1583,1609]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R. Daniels</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED1BAE3FFB747A41CB1C35680598F9A6" box="[1130,1213,1583,1609]" collectionName="South Africa, Kwa-Zulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Natal Museum" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBAC9E81FB747A41CBB235680456F9A5" box="[1220,1395,1583,1610]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">W8095/T4484</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106571FB747A40CFCB35370443FDF6" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB747A41CFCB3537006BF965" blockId="16.[189,334,1648,1674]" box="[189,334,1648,1674]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="D0FD8196FB747A41CFCB3537006BF965" bold="true" box="[189,334,1648,1674]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB747A41CFCB3537006BF965" bold="true" box="[189,334,1648,1674]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB747A40CFCB35D80443FDF6" blockId="16.[189,1400,1695,2003]" lastBlockId="17.[188,1400,265,538]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
SHELL (
<figureCitation id="13312A7FFB747A41CE6035D80047F956" box="[278,354,1695,1721]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,296,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[189,1399,281,1873]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Gulella crookesi sp. nov., holotype (NMSA P1680/T4526), length 2.44 mm, width 1.17 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. View into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448773/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Shell minute, sub-cylindrical to squat, length
<quantity id="4CF29B1FFB747A41CCDD35D80565F956" box="[939,1088,1695,1721]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.4">2.4–2.6 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="4CF29B1FFB747A41CBEB35D80417F956" box="[1181,1330,1695,1721]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.2 mm</quantity>
, L:W 2.0–2.2 (n = 7). Protoconch approx.
<quantity id="4CF29B1FFB747A41CDF0358503C0F932" box="[646,741,1730,1757]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
in diameter, comprising approx. 2.5 whorls, smooth; junction between protoconch and teleoconch not distinct. Teleoconch comprising approx. 4 whorls; whorls weakly convex; smooth and glossy but with fine growth lines (
<figureCitation id="13312A7FFB747A41CC84344F0554F8CC" box="[1010,1137,1800,1827]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,296,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[189,1399,281,1873]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Gulella crookesi sp. nov., holotype (NMSA P1680/T4526), length 2.44 mm, width 1.17 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. View into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448773/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
), surface often eroded and pitted even in live-collected shells; axial pleats on lower half of last whorl and around umbilicus (
<figureCitation id="13312A7FFB747A41CFBE34080003F886" box="[200,294,1871,1897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,296,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[189,1399,281,1873]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Gulella crookesi sp. nov., holotype (NMSA P1680/T4526), length 2.44 mm, width 1.17 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. View into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448773/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
), extending to adapical suture just prior to outer lip (
<figureCitation id="13312A7FFB747A41CCF9340802C9F886" box="[911,1004,1871,1897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,296,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[189,1399,281,1873]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Gulella crookesi sp. nov., holotype (NMSA P1680/T4526), length 2.44 mm, width 1.17 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. View into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448773/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Aperture narrower towards base on right hand side (in aperture view); peristome thickened and reflected; aperture markedly constricted by teeth, dentition nine-fold (
<figureCitation id="13312A7FFB747A41CD6A34D20359F840" box="[540,636,1941,1967]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,296,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[189,1399,281,1873]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Gulella crookesi sp. nov., holotype (NMSA P1680/T4526), length 2.44 mm, width 1.17 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. View into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448773/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
): 1) a parietal lamella, with outer portion markedly oblique and then curving inward so that remainder runs into aperture, and with a notch in its lower margin; 2) a large triangular labral tooth, its upper margin sinuous and with a denticle near lip edge and another further into aperture; 3, 4 and 5) two deeply inset ridge-like basal teeth in close apposition plus one behind labral tooth, visible through translucent shell, 6) a low, broad rounded denticle at base of somewhat thickened columella lip, and in some specimens, an even less prominent one at top of columella lip; 7–9) a large inset tricuspid columella lamella, the upper and middle teeth large and rounded (particularly the middle one), the lower one smaller, often little more than a bump. Labral tooth corresponds with a deep pit behind outer lip (
<figureCitation id="13312A7FFB757A40CEFF329B00C2FE18" box="[393,487,476,503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,296,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[189,1399,281,1873]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Gulella crookesi sp. nov., holotype (NMSA P1680/T4526), length 2.44 mm, width 1.17 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. View into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448773/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Umbilicus widely open, elongate-oval, approx.
<quantity id="4CF29B1FFB757A40CB58329B05ACFE18" box="[1070,1161,476,503]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
in length (
<figureCitation id="13312A7FFB757A40CA7C329B044CFE18" box="[1290,1385,476,503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,296,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-18@18.[189,1399,281,1873]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 7. Gulella crookesi sp. nov., holotype (NMSA P1680/T4526), length 2.44 mm, width 1.17 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. View into aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448773/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). Shell almost transparent when fresh, orange-red coloration of dried tissue of animal visible internally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106571FB757A40CFCB3107000CFD43" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB757A40CFCB31070093FDB4" blockId="17.[189,438,576,603]" box="[189,438,576,603]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CFCB31070073FDB5" bold="true" box="[189,342,576,602]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13312A7FFB757A40CE1031060088FDB4" box="[358,429,577,603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1181,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-327@6.[189,1398,1181,1899]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Distribution map of Gulella kenbrowni sp. nov. (pink circles), G. fordycei sp. nov. (blue squares), G. mkombeni sp. nov. (green triangles) and G. crookesi sp. nov. (orange square). Contour at 1000 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448759/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB757A40CFCB3137000CFD43" blockId="17.[188,1398,623,685]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Known only from Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve, in southern
<collectingRegion id="49CEF818FB757A40CCD631280579FD66" box="[928,1116,623,649]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
; at approx.
<quantity id="4CF29B1FFB757A40CB973128040FFD65" box="[1249,1322,623,650]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
above sea level.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106571FB757A40CFCB319305CDFCF3" box="[189,1256,724,797]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB757A40CFCB31930038FD01" blockId="17.[189,285,724,750]" box="[189,285,724,750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D0FD8196FB757A40CFCB31930038FD01" bold="true" box="[189,285,724,750]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CFCB31930038FD01" bold="true" box="[189,285,724,750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB757A40CFCB304505CDFCF3" blockId="17.[189,1256,770,797]" box="[189,1256,770,797]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Patches of
<collectingRegion id="49CEF818FB757A40CE48304500D3FCF3" box="[318,502,770,796]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
Scarp forest (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B0BFB757A40CDEF304502A9FCF2" author="Mucina L. &amp; Lotter M. C. &amp; Tichy L. &amp; Siebert S. J. &amp; Scott-Shaw C. R." box="[665,908,770,797]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="125 - 225" refId="ref16288" refString="Mucina L., Lotter M. C., Tichy L., Siebert S. J. &amp; Scott-Shaw C. R. 2018 b. Classification of the Eastern scarp forests. In: Mucina L. (ed.) Vegetation Survey and Classification of Subtropical Forests of Southern Africa: 125 - 225. Geobotany Studies series. Springer, Cham, Switzerland. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 67831 - 3 _ 6" type="book chapter" year="2018">
Mucina
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CD8A30440212FCF3" box="[764,823,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2018b
</bibRefCitation>
); in leaf-litter and under logs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106571FB757A40CFCB3003046AFB2A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB757A40CFCB3003000AFCB1" blockId="17.[189,303,836,862]" box="[189,303,836,862]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D0FD8196FB757A40CFCB3003000AFCB1" bold="true" box="[189,303,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CFCB3003000AFCB1" bold="true" box="[189,303,836,862]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB757A40CFCB3035050FFB8F" blockId="17.[187,1399,882,1120]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The two closely adpressed, ridge-like basal teeth are unusual; in taxa with a basal tooth to the right of centre, it is usually low and transverse, not in-running. The tricuspid columella lamella of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D79FB757A40CFCB30FE0058FC3C" authority="Cole &amp; Herbert, 2022" authorityName="Cole &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,381,953,979]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crookesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CFCB30FE0058FC3C" box="[189,381,953,979]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gulella crookesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D5793FB757A40CEF530FE00F9FC3C" box="[387,476,953,979]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D79FB757A40CDDC30FE020EFC3C" authority="Cole &amp; Herbert, 2022" authorityName="Cole &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2022" box="[682,811,953,979]" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Amatholedonta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fordycei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CDDC30FE020EFC3C" box="[682,811,953,979]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. fordycei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D5793FB757A40CC4530FE02A9FC3C" box="[819,908,953,979]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and several species from the
<collectingRegion id="49CEF818FB757A40CBAB30FE0453FC3C" box="[1245,1398,953,979]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
coast, particularly
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D79FB757A40CEE5309B0304FC19" authorityName="Cole &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2009" box="[403,545,988,1014]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bomvana">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CEE5309B0304FC19" box="[403,545,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. bomvana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D79FB757A40CD21309B03D0FC19" authority="Cole &amp; Herbert, 2022" authorityName="Cole &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2022" box="[599,757,988,1014]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kenbrowni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CD21309B03D0FC19" box="[599,757,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. kenbrowni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D5793FB757A40CD8A309A0273FC18" box="[764,854,989,1015]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The latter two taxa are also smooth and glossy. The labral tooth of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D79FB757A40CED43747030DFBF6" authority="Cole &amp; Herbert, 2022" authorityName="Cole &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2022" box="[418,552,1023,1050]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crookesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CED43747030DFBF6" box="[418,552,1023,1050]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. crookesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D5793FB757A40CD46374703AEFBF5" box="[560,651,1024,1050]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is relatively larger than that of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D79FB757A40CC88374705A4FBF6" authority="Cole &amp; Herbert, 2022" authorityName="Cole &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2022" box="[1022,1153,1023,1050]" class="Gastropoda" family="Charopidae" genus="Amatholedonta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fordycei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CC88374705A4FBF6" box="[1022,1153,1023,1050]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. fordycei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D5793FB757A40CBFF374705C3FBF5" box="[1161,1254,1024,1050]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, obstructing the aperture to a larger degree and obscuring the details of the columella lamella. The labral tooth of
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D79FB757A40CFCB37010068FB8F" authorityName="Cole &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2009" box="[189,333,1094,1120]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bomvana">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CFCB37010068FB8F" box="[189,333,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. bomvana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also very large, but it extends behind the columella lamella.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB757A40CFCB37C0046AFB2A" blockId="17.[189,1399,1159,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D79FB757A40CFCB37C0005BFB4E" authority="Cole &amp; Herbert, 2022" authorityName="Cole &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,382,1159,1185]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crookesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CFCB37C0005BFB4E" box="[189,382,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gulella crookesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D5793FB757A40CEF337CF00FAFB4D" box="[389,479,1160,1186]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
also resembles the variable species,
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D79FB757A40CCFD37CF0457FB4D" authority="(Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[907,1394,1159,1186]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="farquhari">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CCFD37CF053BFB4E" box="[907,1054,1159,1186]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. farquhari</emphasis>
(Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1895)
</taxonomicName>
, but the two basal teeth and tricuspid columella lamella immediately distinguish
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D79FB757A40CB1137EC05C9FB2B" authority="Cole &amp; Herbert, 2022" authorityName="Cole &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2022" box="[1127,1260,1194,1221]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crookesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CB1137EC05C9FB2B" box="[1127,1260,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. crookesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D5793FB757A40CB8237EC046AFB2A" box="[1268,1359,1195,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3106571FB757A40CFCB37AC0558F99E" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB757A40CFCB37AC0040FAEA" blockId="17.[189,357,1259,1285]" box="[189,357,1259,1285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D0FD8196FB757A40CFCB37AC0040FAEA" bold="true" box="[189,357,1259,1285]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CFCB37AC0040FAEA" bold="true" box="[189,357,1259,1285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Conservation</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB536FAFB757A40CFCB365D0558F99E" blockId="17.[188,1399,1306,1649]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D79FB757A40CFCB365D00A7FADB" authority="Cole &amp; Herbert, 2022" authorityName="Cole &amp; Herbert" authorityYear="2022" box="[189,386,1306,1332]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crookesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CFCB365D00A7FADB" box="[189,386,1306,1332]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gulella crookesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24D5793FB757A40CEF8365C00C9FADA" box="[398,492,1307,1333]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has been found only at Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve, a protected area under the jurisdiction of Ezemvelo-KZN Wildlife. The south coast of
<collectingRegion id="49CEF818FB757A40CB7F367A05E4FAB8" box="[1033,1217,1341,1367]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
and hinterland have been extensively modified by sugarcane farming and development. Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve, although small, is a very important haven for biodiversity in the region. Twenty-nine species of terrestrial Mollusca have been recorded, including
<taxonomicName id="4C0A4D79FB757A40CC6036E0042FFA2D" authority="(Watson, 1915)" baseAuthorityName="Watson" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[790,1290,1447,1474]" class="Gastropoda" family="Rhytididae" genus="Chlamydephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dimidius">
<emphasis id="B97EEAE8FB757A40CC6036E0056EFA2E" box="[790,1099,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Chlamydephorus dimidius</emphasis>
(Watson, 1915)
</taxonomicName>
, listed as Vulnerable and several other narrow-range species. It is the
<typeStatus id="54B18858FB757A40CC01368C028FFA0A" box="[887,938,1483,1509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">type</typeStatus>
and only known locality of two species of microchaetid earthworm, and the major locality for a third species which has also been recorded just outside the reserve (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9B4B0BFB757A40CEDF3556031FF9C4" author="Plisko J. D." box="[425,570,1553,1579]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="249 - 300" refId="ref16438" refString="Plisko J. D. 1998. New and little-known species of Microchaetus Rapp, 1849, with a key to all species and notes on the significance of certain morphological features (Oligochaeta: Microchaetidae). Annals of the Natal Museum 39: 249 - 300." type="journal article" year="1998">Plisko 1998</bibRefCitation>
). The reserve is surrounded by sugarcane farms and rural villages, and portions of the fence are missing, enabling cattle to enter, which poses a threat to the integrity of the indigenous forest patches and the well-being of their litter-dwelling invertebrates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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