treatments-xml/data/61/7C/87/617C87EFFF8C7E3797C1FAB870D8FF49.xml

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<mods:title id="654768E9D3D8F69508B9A689FA2B9142">What is Ecdyonurus sumatranus Ulmer, 1939? A contribution to the knowledge of the genus Rhithrogena in the Oriental Region (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF8C7E3C97C1FAB872DAFACE" blockId="1.[151,733,1338,1363]" box="[151,733,1338,1363]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
<heading id="B2228195FF8C7E3C97C1FAB872DAFACE" bold="true" box="[151,733,1338,1363]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" reason="2">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8C7E3C97C1FAB872DAFACE" bold="true" box="[151,733,1338,1363]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8C7E3C97C1FAB87251FACE" authority="(Ulmer, 1939)" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[151,598,1338,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8C7E3C97C1FAB871ABFACF" bold="true" box="[151,428,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Rhithrogena sumatrana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF8C7E3C96EDFAB87249FACE" author="Ulmer, G." box="[443,590,1338,1363]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0925790FF8C7E3C950BFAB872DAFACE" box="[605,733,1338,1363]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="A1CF6572FF8C7E3C97C1FA0072C1F98E" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF8C7E3C97C1FA007369FA05" blockId="1.[151,1027,1410,1555]" box="[151,878,1410,1432]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8C7E3C97C1FA007213FA05" authority="Ulmer, 1939" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,532,1410,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Ecdyonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8C7E3C97C1FA00718BFA05" box="[151,396,1410,1432]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Ecdyonurus sumatranus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF8C7E3C96C5FA007213FA05" author="Ulmer" box="[403,532,1410,1432]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
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female only, not nymph
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF8C7E3C97C1FA2372C3FA2A" blockId="1.[151,1027,1410,1555]" box="[151,708,1441,1463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8C7E3C97C1FA23717DFA2A" box="[151,378,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8C7E3C97C1FA237151FA2A" ID-CoL="4SBQD" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[151,342,1441,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">Rhithrogena parva</taxonomicName>
(?)
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF8C7E3C96D6FA237206FA2A" author="Ulmer" box="[384,513,1441,1463]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
, nymph, not imago
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8C7E3C97C1FA427259FA4B" authority="Dang, 1967" authorityName="Dang" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,606,1472,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Ecdyonuroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrensis">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8C7E3C97C1FA4271ABFA4B" box="[151,428,1472,1494]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Ecdyonuroides sumatrensis</emphasis>
[sic] 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF8C7E3C96B3FA437259FA4B" author="Dang" box="[485,606,1472,1494]" firstAuthor="Dang" journalOrPublisher="Sinh Vat Dia Hoc" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" pagination="155 - 165" part="6" refId="ref6533" refString="Dang, N. T. (1967) Cac loai va giong moi tim thay trong khu he dong vat khong xuong song nuoc ngot va nuoc lo mien Bac Viet-nam. Sinh Vat Dia Hoc, 6, 155 - 165." title="Cac loai va giong moi tim thay trong khu he dong vat khong xuong song nuoc ngot va nuoc lo mien Bac Viet-nam" type="journal article" year="1967">Dang, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<typeStatus id="366E885BFF8C7E3C953EFA437293FA4B" box="[616,660,1473,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8C7E3C943AFA427404FA4B" authorityName="Dang" authorityYear="1967" box="[876,1027,1472,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Ecdyonuroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8C7E3C943AFA427404FA4B" box="[876,1027,1472,1494]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Ecdyonuroides</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8C7E3C97C1FA5C7208FA69" authority="Kluge, 1989" authorityName="Kluge" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,527,1502,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Ecdyonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8C7E3C97C1FA5C718BFA68" box="[151,396,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Ecdyonurus sumatranus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF8C7E3C96C5FA5C7208FA69" author="Kluge" box="[403,527,1502,1524]" firstAuthor="Kluge" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" pagination="1 - 24" part="68" refId="ref6772" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1989) Generic revision of the Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera): I. Diagnosis of tribes, genera and subgenera of the subfamily Heptageniinae. Entomological Review, 68 (3), 1 - 24." title="Generic revision of the Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera): I. Diagnosis of tribes, genera and subgenera of the subfamily Heptageniinae" type="journal article" year="1989">Kluge, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8C7E3C97C1FA7F72C1F98E" ID-CoL="55ZWS" authority="Wang &amp; McCafferty, 2004" authorityName="Wang &amp; McCafferty" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,710,1533,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8C7E3C97C1FA7F71B6F98E" box="[151,433,1533,1555]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Thalerosphyrus sumatranus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF8C7E3C96EEFA7C72C1F98E" author="Wang &amp; McCafferty" box="[440,710,1533,1555]" firstAuthor="Wang" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" pagination="11 - 45" part="130" refId="ref7506" refString="Wang, T. - Q. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (2004) Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) of the world. Part I: Phylogenetic higher classification. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 130, 11 - 45" title="Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) of the world. Part I: Phylogenetic higher classification" type="journal article" year="2004">Wang &amp; McCafferty, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF8C7E3C97C1F9BD72D5F9E1" blockId="1.[151,1437,1599,1949]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8C7E3C97C1F9BD7101F9C5" bold="true" box="[151,262,1599,1624]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="59BD3CA4FF8C7E3C9658F9C272D5F9E1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3707770303" collectingDate="1929-05-07" collectingMethod="light trap" collectionCode="ZMH" collectorName="Prof. Feuerborn" country="Indonesia" location="Tjurup" municipality="South Sumatra" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-imago="1" stateProvince="Bengkulu" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="FFD3FD70FF8C7E3C9658F9C271D8F9C5" box="[270,479,1599,1624]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">One female imago</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="366E885BFF8C7E3C96B1F9BD7249F9C5" box="[487,590,1599,1624]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF8C7E3C950FF9BD72CEF9C5" box="[601,713,1599,1624]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="090EAC83FF8C7E3C9583F9BD737BF9C5" box="[725,892,1599,1624]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">South Sumatra</collectingMunicipality>
[actual province of 
<collectingRegion id="2B11F81BFF8C7E3C9335F9BD74D2F9C5" box="[1123,1237,1599,1624]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Bengkulu</collectingRegion>
], 
<location id="EC0A6022FF8C7E3C93BEF9BD7533F9C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:617C87EFFF8C7E3797C1FAB870D8FF49:EC0A6022FF8C7E3C93BEF9BD7533F9C5" box="[1256,1332,1599,1624]" country="Indonesia" municipality="South Sumatra" name="Tjurup" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" stateProvince="Bengkulu">Tjurup</location>
[
<location id="EC0A6022FF8C7E3C9215F9C27596F9C5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:617C87EFFF8C7E3797C1FAB870D8FF49:EC0A6022FF8C7E3C9215F9C27596F9C5" box="[1347,1425,1600,1624]" country="Indonesia" municipality="South Sumatra" name="Curup" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" stateProvince="Bengkulu">Curup</location>
], at 
<collectingMethod id="30944EEEFF8C7E3C97E4F9E6711CF9E1" box="[178,283,1636,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">light trap</collectingMethod>
, 
<date id="9D6B1039FF8C7E3C9670F9E6718AF9E1" box="[294,397,1636,1660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" value="1929-05-07">
<collectingDate id="8D2FE9D1FF8C7E3C9670F9E6718AF9E1" box="[294,397,1636,1660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" value="1929-05-07">7.V.1929</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="4420532FFF8C7E3C96CEF9E6724DF9E0" box="[408,586,1636,1661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Prof. Feuerborn</collectorName>
leg. [
<collectionCode id="8FC4AE3CFF8C7E3C95DEF9E772CBF9E1" box="[648,716,1637,1660]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">ZMH</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF8C7E3C9791F9057465F93D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1599,1949]" box="[199,1122,1671,1696]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
Specimen kept in alcohol, except one hindleg mounted on slide in 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF8C7E3C94E6F9057403F93D" box="[944,1028,1671,1696]" name="Canada" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Canada</collectingCountry>
balsam.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF8C7E3C9791F92E72B1F97A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1599,1949]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
<materialsCitation id="59BD3CA4FF8C7E3C9791F92E72B1F97A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3707770309" collectingDate="1928-10-18" collectionCode="ZMH, MZL" collectorName="Prof. Thienemann" country="Indonesia" elevation="1500" location="Kali Kemantan" municipality="Java" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-nymphe="7">
<specimenCount id="FFD3FD70FF8C7E3C9791F92E7172F958" box="[199,373,1708,1733]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Seven nymphs</specimenCount>
: 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF8C7E3C96D0F92E71F1F958" box="[390,502,1708,1733]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="090EAC83FF8C7E3C9551F92F723CF959" box="[519,571,1709,1732]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Java</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="EC0A6022FF8C7E3C951BF92E72FAF959" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:617C87EFFF8C7E3797C1FAB870D8FF49:EC0A6022FF8C7E3C951BF92E72FAF959" box="[589,765,1708,1733]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Java" name="Kali Kemantan" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Kali Kemantan</location>
in 
<location id="EC0A6022FF8C7E3C947BF92E73E5F958" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:617C87EFFF8C7E3797C1FAB870D8FF49:EC0A6022FF8C7E3C947BF92E73E5F958" box="[813,994,1708,1733]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Java" name="Kari Highlands" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Kari Highlands</location>
, mountain stream at ca 
<quantity id="2E2D9B1CFF8C7E3C925FF92E7561F959" box="[1289,1382,1708,1733]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation id="62F8D1CAFF8C7E3C925FF92E7561F959" box="[1289,1382,1708,1733]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, P2, 
<date id="9D6B1039FF8C7E3C97C1F9527117F975" box="[151,272,1744,1768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" value="1928-10-18">
<collectingDate id="8D2FE9D1FF8C7E3C97C1F9527117F975" box="[151,272,1744,1768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" value="1928-10-18">18.X.1928</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="4420532FFF8C7E3C964DF94D71E2F975" box="[283,485,1743,1768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Prof. Thienemann</collectorName>
leg. [
<collectionCode id="8FC4AE3CFF8C7E3C9575F9527260F97A" box="[547,615,1744,1767]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">ZMH</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="8FC4AE3CFF8C7E3C9524F95272B7F97A" box="[626,688,1744,1767]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pm5v-0p6q" name="Musee Zoologique" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">MZL</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF8C7E3C9791F97673C1F8B2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1599,1949]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
Specimens in alcohol, one specimen partially mounted on two slides by 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF8C7E3C94A2F97674D0F891" author="Ulmer, G." box="[1012,1239,1780,1805]" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer (Ulmer 1939</bibRefCitation>
, figs 467–469) in 
<collectionCode id="8FC4AE3CFF8C7E3C97C1F89A70DFF8B2" box="[151,216,1816,1839]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">ZMH</collectionCode>
, one other specimen entirely mounted on microscopic slide [
<collectionCode id="8FC4AE3CFF8C7E3C9429F89A73C7F8B2" box="[895,960,1816,1839]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pm5v-0p6q" name="Musee Zoologique" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">MZL</collectionCode>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF8C7E3C9791F8BE757CF8C9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1599,1949]" box="[199,1403,1852,1877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
<materialsCitation id="59BD3CA4FF8C7E3C9791F8BE757CF8C9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3707770301" box="[199,1403,1852,1877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
One nymph: 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF8C7E3C960FF8BE71CEF8C8" box="[345,457,1852,1877]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Java, Buitenzorg in Tjiliwung River, FB3, 
<date id="9D6B1039FF8C7E3C94E4F8BE7420F8C8" box="[946,1063,1852,1877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" value="1929-05-25">25.V.1929</date>
, Prof. Feuernborn leg. [
<collectionCode id="8FC4AE3CFF8C7E3C9266F8BF7573F8C9" box="[1328,1396,1853,1876]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">ZMH</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF8C7E3C9791F8E2729CF801" blockId="1.[151,1437,1599,1949]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">
<materialsCitation id="59BD3CA4FF8C7E3C9791F8E2729CF801" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3707770310" collectingDate="2010-05-09" collectionCode="MZL" collectorName="J. - M. Elouard" country="Indonesia" location="Malang Batu Jalang" municipality="Java" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-nymphe="1">
<specimenCount id="FFD3FD70FF8C7E3C9791F8E2714CF8E5" box="[199,331,1887,1912]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">One nymph</specimenCount>
entirely mounted on microscopic slide: 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF8C7E3C9458F8DD7379F8E5" box="[782,894,1887,1912]" name="Indonesia" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="090EAC83FF8C7E3C94DFF8E273BAF8EA" box="[905,957,1888,1911]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Java</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="EC0A6022FF8C7E3C949FF8DD74AAF8E5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:617C87EFFF8C7E3797C1FAB870D8FF49:EC0A6022FF8C7E3C949FF8DD74AAF8E5" box="[969,1197,1887,1912]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Java" name="Malang Batu Jalang" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">Malang Batu Jalang</location>
, forested stream with waterfall, 
<date id="9D6B1039FF8C7E3C965EF8067168F801" box="[264,367,1924,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" value="2010-05-09">
<collectingDate id="8D2FE9D1FF8C7E3C965EF8067168F801" box="[264,367,1924,1948]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194" value="2010-05-09">9.V.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="4420532FFF8C7E3C962DF8077211F800" box="[379,534,1924,1949]" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">J.-M. Elouard</collectorName>
leg. [
<collectionCode id="8FC4AE3CFF8C7E3C9505F8077293F801" box="[595,660,1925,1948]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pm5v-0p6q" name="Musee Zoologique" pageId="1" pageNumber="194">MZL</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="BDAA6671FF8F7E3F97C1F8EE70CDF842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226424/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" targetBox="[229,1348,196,1846]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF8F7E3F97C1F8EE70CDF842" blockId="2.[151,1437,1900,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8F7E3F97C1F8EE713CF81F" bold="true" box="[151,315,1900,1923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">FIGURES 1–7.</emphasis>
Hind legs of different 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8F7E3F957FF8EF72BCF81E" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1901" box="[553,699,1901,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Heptageniidae</taxonomicName>
female imagos. Fig. 1: 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8F7E3F94E4F8EF74A3F81E" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[946,1188,1901,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8F7E3F94E4F8EF74A3F81E" box="[946,1188,1901,1923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Rhithrogena sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Fig. 2: 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8F7E3F93A8F8EF70E1F83F" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1885" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybrida">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8F7E3F93A8F8EF70E1F83F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Rhithrogena cf. hybrida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Fig. 3: 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8F7E3F9607F80E7210F83F" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[337,535,1932,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8F7E3F9607F80E7210F83F" box="[337,535,1932,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Rhithrogena parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Fig. 4: 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8F7E3F95D4F80E736FF83F" baseAuthorityName="Eaton" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[642,872,1932,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupulatus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8F7E3F95D4F80E736FF83F" box="[642,872,1932,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Paegniodes cupulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(all Rhithrogeninae); Fig. 5: 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8F7E3F93E2F80F713AF85D" authority="(Heptageniinae)" authorityName="Heptageniinae" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Heptagenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulphurea">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8F7E3F93E2F80F759BF83F" box="[1204,1436,1932,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Heptagenia sulphurea</emphasis>
(Heptageniinae)
</taxonomicName>
; Fig. 6: 
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8F7E3F96C2F82872AAF85D" box="[404,685,1962,1984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
“ 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8F7E3F96CDF8287240F85D" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[411,583,1962,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thalerosphyrus</taxonomicName>
” 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8F7E3F9500F82972AAF85D" baseAuthorityName="Navas" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[598,685,1963,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosus">sinuosus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
; Fig. 7: “ 
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8F7E3F9445F82873B8F85D" box="[787,959,1962,1984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8F7E3F9445F82873BFF85D" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[787,952,1962,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thalerosphyrus</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8F7E3F9491F82874F3F85D" authority="(Ecdyonurinae)" authorityName="Ecdyonurinae" baseAuthorityName="Ecdyonurinae" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[967,1268,1962,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="determinatus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8F7E3F9491F828744CF85D" box="[967,1099,1962,1984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">determinatus</emphasis>
(Ecdyonurinae)
</taxonomicName>
. All at the same scale
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BDAA6671FF8E7E3E97C1F8247149F841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226425/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" targetBox="[186,1404,204,1936]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF8E7E3E97C1F8247149F841" blockId="3.[151,1436,1958,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8E7E3E97C1F824713EF821" bold="true" box="[151,313,1958,1981]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">FIGURES 8–9.</emphasis>
Egg structures of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8E7E3E96A7F8257281F820" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[497,646,1959,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8E7E3E96A7F8257281F820" box="[497,646,1959,1981]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Rh. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 8) and 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8E7E3E9450F82573E2F820" baseAuthorityName="Eaton" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[774,997,1959,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupulatus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8E7E3E9450F82573E2F820" box="[774,997,1959,1981]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Paegniodes cupulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 9). a: egg in toto; b: detail of the pole; c: micropyle area.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BDAA6671FF897E3997C1FADD7256FA09" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226426/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" targetBox="[185,1402,193,1350]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF897E3997C1FADD7256FA09" blockId="4.[151,1436,1375,1428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF897E3997C1FADD7153FAE8" bold="true" box="[151,340,1375,1398]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">FIGURES 10–13.</emphasis>
Larval structures of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF897E39957DFAE272C5FAEB" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[555,706,1376,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF897E39957DFAE272C5FAEB" box="[555,706,1376,1398]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Rh. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs 10 and 12) and 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF897E3994F0FAE27461FAEB" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[934,1126,1376,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF897E3994F0FAE27461FAEB" box="[934,1126,1376,1398]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Rhithrogena parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs 11 and 13). Figs 10–11: labrum in dorsal position; Figs 12–13: gill I
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF897E399791FA3F7436FA65" blockId="4.[151,1437,1468,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
<materialsCitation id="59BD3CA4FF897E399791FA3F7436FA65" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3707770302" collectingDate="1985-10-23" collectionCode="MZL" collectorName="J. T &amp; D. A. Polhemus" country="Indonesia" elevation="350" location="Nusa Tenggara Barat" municipality="Lombok" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-nymphe="2">
<specimenCount id="FFD3FD70FF897E399791FA3F715BFA48" box="[199,348,1468,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Two nymphs</specimenCount>
, one entirely mounted on microscopic slide: 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF897E39940DFA3E73CCFA48" box="[859,971,1468,1493]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="090EAC83FF897E399481FA3E743EFA48" box="[983,1081,1468,1493]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Lombok</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="EC0A6022FF897E399313FA3F7531FA49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:617C87EFFF8C7E3797C1FAB870D8FF49:EC0A6022FF897E399313FA3F7531FA49" box="[1093,1334,1469,1493]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Lombok" name="Nusa Tenggara Barat" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Nusa Tenggara Barat</location>
, 
<location id="EC0A6022FF897E399215FA3E70D0FA64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:617C87EFFF8C7E3797C1FAB870D8FF49:EC0A6022FF897E399215FA3E70D0FA64" country="Indonesia" municipality="Lombok" name="Aik Jud River" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Aik Jud River</location>
, 
<quantity id="2E2D9B1CFF897E3997B4FA62711CFA64" box="[226,283,1504,1529]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" unit="km" value="1.0">
<locationDeviation id="F8D82FDBFF897E3997B4FA62711CFA64" box="[226,283,1504,1529]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
north of 
<location id="EC0A6022FF897E3996D4FA6271C9FA65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:617C87EFFF8C7E3797C1FAB870D8FF49:EC0A6022FF897E3996D4FA6271C9FA65" box="[386,462,1504,1528]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Lombok" name="Sesaot" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Sesaot</location>
, 
<quantity id="2E2D9B1CFF897E39968FFA627225FA65" box="[473,546,1504,1529]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="350.0">
<elevation id="62F8D1CAFF897E39968FFA627225FA65" box="[473,546,1504,1529]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="9D6B1039FF897E399578FA6272A1FA64" box="[558,678,1504,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" value="1985-10-23">
<collectingDate id="8D2FE9D1FF897E399578FA6272A1FA64" box="[558,678,1504,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" value="1985-10-23">23.X.1985</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="4420532FFF897E3995E4FA6372D2FA65" box="[690,725,1505,1528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">J.T</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="4420532FFF897E3995AFFA6373A2FA64" box="[761,933,1504,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">D.A. Polhemus</collectorName>
leg. [
<collectionCode id="8FC4AE3CFF897E3994B5FA637421FA65" box="[995,1062,1505,1528]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pm5v-0p6q" name="Musee Zoologique" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">MZL</collectionCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1CF6572FF897E359791F9867384FCE2" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="201" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" type="description">
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF897E399791F986739AF9F8" blockId="4.[151,1437,1468,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF897E399791F9867332F980" bold="true" box="[199,821,1540,1565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
Supplementary description of the female 
<typeStatus id="366E885BFF897E399591F9867337F980" box="[711,816,1540,1565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF897E399469F98674E6F981" author="Ulmer, G." box="[831,1249,1540,1565]" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="p">Ulmer (1939, p. 558, figs 129–131)</bibRefCitation>
gave a detailed description of this specimen, which is correct. As usual with Ulmer’s collection, the specimen is entirely faded, so coloration pattern is not more visible, except for the hindleg on slide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF897E399791F9F272B1F968" blockId="4.[151,1437,1468,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
Of importance are the following characters: the dorsal face of femora bears a dark macula (
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF897E3993ECF9F274C9F930" author="Ulmer, G." journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="p">Ulmer 1939, p. 559: … mit hell honigfarbenen Schenkeln, die in der Mitte einen deutlichen schwarzen Punkt haben”</bibRefCitation>
); the hind tarsi are short, reported as one third the length of the tibia by 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF897E3995B6F93A73C9F94C" author="Ulmer, G." box="[736,974,1720,1745]" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939" yearSuffix="p">Ulmer (1939, p. 559)</bibRefCitation>
, they are in fact closer to one fourth (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF897E399239F93A70A3F969" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[229,1348,196,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[216,1363,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Hind legs of different Heptageniidae female imagos. Fig. 1: Rhithrogena sumatrana; Fig. 2: Rhithrogena cf. hybrida; Fig. 3: Rhithrogena parva; Fig. 4: Paegniodes cupulatus (all Rhithrogeninae); Fig. 5: Heptagenia sulphurea (Heptageniinae); Fig. 6: “ Thalerosphyrus ” sinuosus; Fig. 7: “ Thalerosphyrus ” determinatus (Ecdyonurinae). All at the same scale" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226424/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); the subanal plate is deeply cleft and bilobate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF897E399791F883736FF8A0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1468,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Not mentioned by Ulmer are the following details of the thorax: mesonotum with a transverse suture; medial depression of mesothoracic furcasternum is narrowed anteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF897E399791F8CA7158F86D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1468,2033]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF897E399791F8CA71E4F8FC" bold="true" box="[199,483,1864,1889]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Description of the eggs.</emphasis>
Size: ca 150 µm 
<date id="9D6B1039FF897E3995E6F8CB72E4F8FD" box="[688,739,1864,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" value="1980-10">x 80</date>
µm, regularly ovoid (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF897E3994B7F8CA7421F8FD" box="[993,1062,1864,1889]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[186,1404,204,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[175,1411,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 9. Egg structures of Rh. sumatrana (Fig. 8) and Paegniodes cupulatus (Fig. 9). a: egg in toto; b: detail of the pole; c: micropyle area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226425/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
a). Chorionic surface covered by macrogranulae; macrogranulae asymmetrical and elongated (ca 3.5 µm 
<date id="9D6B1039FF897E399498F8EF73F4F819" box="[974,1011,1900,1924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">x 2</date>
µm), each directed toward one pole. Opposite pole covered with large KCTs (ca 5 µm in diameter), smaller KCT’s present between macrogranulae (2.5–3 µm in diameter) (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF897E3996E6F83671F3F850" box="[432,500,1972,1997]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[186,1404,204,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[175,1411,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 9. Egg structures of Rh. sumatrana (Fig. 8) and Paegniodes cupulatus (Fig. 9). a: egg in toto; b: detail of the pole; c: micropyle area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226425/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
b). Micropyles oval (ca 8 µm 
<date id="9D6B1039FF897E39941DF8377377F850" box="[843,880,1972,1997]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">x 5</date>
µm) and located in equatorial area, with smooth margins (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF897E399656F85A7144F86D" box="[256,323,2008,2033]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[186,1404,204,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[175,1411,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 9. Egg structures of Rh. sumatrana (Fig. 8) and Paegniodes cupulatus (Fig. 9). a: egg in toto; b: detail of the pole; c: micropyle area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226425/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
c).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BDAA6671FF887E3897C1F8D17419F815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226427/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" targetBox="[151,1436,200,1845]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF887E3897C1F8D17419F815" blockId="5.[151,1435,1875,1928]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF887E3897C1F8D17153F8F5" bold="true" box="[151,340,1875,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">FIGURES 14–19.</emphasis>
Mouthparts of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF887E3896A7F8D17281F8F4" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[497,646,1875,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF887E3896A7F8D17281F8F4" box="[497,646,1875,1897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="198">Rh. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Fig. 14: left mandible; Fig. 15: right mandible; Fig. 16: comb-shape setae on the galea-lacinia; Fig. 17: outer dentiseta (arrow); Fig. 18: hypopharynx; Fig. 19: labium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BDAA6671FF8B7E3B97C1F82474EFF841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226428/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="199" targetBox="[175,1411,204,1918]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF8B7E3B97C1F82474EFF841" blockId="6.[151,1436,1958,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="199">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8B7E3B97C1F8247152F821" bold="true" box="[151,341,1958,1981]" pageId="6" pageNumber="199">FIGURES 20–23.</emphasis>
Leg larval structures of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8B7E3B9503F82572EBF820" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[597,748,1959,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8B7E3B9503F82572EBF820" box="[597,748,1959,1981]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="199">Rh. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Fig. 20: bristles on the dorsal face of hind femora; Fig. 21: tarsal claw. Shape of the lateral sclerites on the first abdominal sternite. Fig. 22: 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8B7E3B94D1F844741CF841" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[903,1051,1990,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8B7E3B94D1F844741CF841" box="[903,1051,1990,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="199">Rh. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Fig. 23: 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8B7E3B9328F84474E5F841" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1150,1250,1990,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8B7E3B9328F84474E5F841" box="[1150,1250,1990,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="199">Rh. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BDAA6671FF8A7E3A97C1F82470DBF841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226429/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="200" targetBox="[175,1411,193,1936]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF8A7E3A97C1F82470DBF841" blockId="7.[151,1437,1958,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="200">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8A7E3A97C1F8247150F821" bold="true" box="[151,343,1958,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="200">FIGURES 24–26.</emphasis>
Posterior margin of abdominal tergites IV–V. Fig. 24: 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8A7E3A94C9F825743FF820" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[927,1080,1959,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8A7E3A94C9F825743FF820" box="[927,1080,1959,1981]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="200">Rh. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Fig. 25: 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8A7E3A93F2F825750CF820" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1188,1291,1959,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8A7E3A93F2F825750CF820" box="[1188,1291,1959,1981]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="200">Rh. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Fig. 26: 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF8A7E3A922FF82570D1F841" authorityName="Kang &amp; Yang" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF8A7E3A922FF82570D1F841" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="200">Rh. ampla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF857E359791FF15730EFF48" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359791FF15733EFF2D" bold="true" box="[199,825,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Supplementary description of the supposed nymph.</emphasis>
Described under the name 
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359321FF157571FF32" box="[1143,1398,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E359321FF15754AFF2D" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1143,1357,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">Rhithrogena parva</taxonomicName>
(?)
</emphasis>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E3597C1FF3E7135FF49" author="Ulmer" box="[151,306,188,213]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer (1939)</bibRefCitation>
, supplementary information is as follows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF857E359791FF5D7471FD18" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">
Labrum ca 2.5x wider than long (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E35951DFF5D72A7FF65" box="[587,672,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1375,1398]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,193,1350]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[166,1420,173,1372]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Larval structures of Rh. sumatrana (Figs 10 and 12) and Rhithrogena parva (Figs 11 and 13). Figs 10 – 11: labrum in dorsal position; Figs 12 – 13: gill I" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226426/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
); lateral margins slightly angled, anteromedian emargination small and rounded, presence of irregular and pointed teeth in median area; anterior margin covered with long and thin setae up to two thirds of margin; tuft of short and thin setae in median position. Mandibles (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E3593CDFEA5751CFEDD" box="[1179,1307,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 19. Mouthparts of Rh. sumatrana. Fig. 14: left mandible; Fig. 15: right mandible; Fig. 16: comb-shape setae on the galea-lacinia; Fig. 17: outer dentiseta (arrow); Fig. 18: hypopharynx; Fig. 19: labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226427/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Figs 14–15</figureCitation>
) with outer margin covered with long and thin setae, outer incisor ca 2–2.5 times longer than wide at base, below inner incisor one row of thin setae decreasing in length and ending ca at half distance to mola. Left mandible (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E35938DFEED752BFE15" box="[1243,1324,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 19. Mouthparts of Rh. sumatrana. Fig. 14: left mandible; Fig. 15: right mandible; Fig. 16: comb-shape setae on the galea-lacinia; Fig. 17: outer dentiseta (arrow); Fig. 18: hypopharynx; Fig. 19: labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226427/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) with tuft of dense and thin setae above mola and one row of numerous thin and long setae below mola. Right mandible (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E359239FE1670B3FE4D" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 19. Mouthparts of Rh. sumatrana. Fig. 14: left mandible; Fig. 15: right mandible; Fig. 16: comb-shape setae on the galea-lacinia; Fig. 17: outer dentiseta (arrow); Fig. 18: hypopharynx; Fig. 19: labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226427/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) without tuft of dense and thin setae above mola, and with row of numerous thin and long setae below mola. Galea-lacinia of maxillae with ca 12 comb-shape setae, median one composed of ca 13–15 teeth (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E3593A4FE5E7540FE68" box="[1266,1351,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 19. Mouthparts of Rh. sumatrana. Fig. 14: left mandible; Fig. 15: right mandible; Fig. 16: comb-shape setae on the galea-lacinia; Fig. 17: outer dentiseta (arrow); Fig. 18: hypopharynx; Fig. 19: labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226427/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Outer dentiseta fringed on its outer margin (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E359504FE7D72AEFD85" box="[594,681,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 19. Mouthparts of Rh. sumatrana. Fig. 14: left mandible; Fig. 15: right mandible; Fig. 16: comb-shape setae on the galea-lacinia; Fig. 17: outer dentiseta (arrow); Fig. 18: hypopharynx; Fig. 19: labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226427/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Hypopharynx (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E359438FE7D73C4FD85" box="[878,963,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 19. Mouthparts of Rh. sumatrana. Fig. 14: left mandible; Fig. 15: right mandible; Fig. 16: comb-shape setae on the galea-lacinia; Fig. 17: outer dentiseta (arrow); Fig. 18: hypopharynx; Fig. 19: labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226427/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) with stout and almost quadratic lingua, without distal emargination, with one row of thin and short setae anteriorly, superlinguae oval, bearing one row of thin and long setae down to ca ¼ margin. Labium (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E35958FFDC5732CFDFD" box="[729,811,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 – 19" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1875,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1854]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14 – 19. Mouthparts of Rh. sumatrana. Fig. 14: left mandible; Fig. 15: right mandible; Fig. 16: comb-shape setae on the galea-lacinia; Fig. 17: outer dentiseta (arrow); Fig. 18: hypopharynx; Fig. 19: labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226427/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) with glossae rib-shaped, 1.5 times longer than wide at base; paraglossae quadrangular with well-marked inner angle and outer margin rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF857E359791FD0D73E7FD6D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">
Each leg with distinct blackish rounded macula in middle of dorsal face of femora. Bristles on dorsal face elongated, with slightly divergent margins, and with rounded apex (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E3594F7FD3673FFFD51" box="[929,1016,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 23" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[175,1411,204,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[175,1411,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 23. Leg larval structures of Rh. sumatrana. Fig. 20: bristles on the dorsal face of hind femora; Fig. 21: tarsal claw. Shape of the lateral sclerites on the first abdominal sternite. Fig. 22: Rh. sumatrana; Fig. 23: Rh. parva." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226428/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). Tibio-patellar suture on hind tibiae with row of ca 8–10 spatulate bristles. Tarsal claw with 2–4 teeth (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E359429FD5573D4FD6D" box="[895,979,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 23" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[175,1411,204,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[175,1411,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 23. Leg larval structures of Rh. sumatrana. Fig. 20: bristles on the dorsal face of hind femora; Fig. 21: tarsal claw. Shape of the lateral sclerites on the first abdominal sternite. Fig. 22: Rh. sumatrana; Fig. 23: Rh. parva." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226428/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF857E359791FD7E7384FCE2" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">
Gill I (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E359643FD7E716FFC89" box="[277,360,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1375,1398]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,193,1350]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[166,1420,173,1372]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 13. Larval structures of Rh. sumatrana (Figs 10 and 12) and Rhithrogena parva (Figs 11 and 13). Figs 10 – 11: labrum in dorsal position; Figs 12 – 13: gill I" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226426/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) with regularly crenulated margin, and with very long and thick plica; gills II–VII with entire, smooth margin. First abdominal sternite with lateral sclerites directed perpendicular to body axis (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E359263FC9D7597FCA5" box="[1333,1424,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 23" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[175,1411,204,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[175,1411,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 23. Leg larval structures of Rh. sumatrana. Fig. 20: bristles on the dorsal face of hind femora; Fig. 21: tarsal claw. Shape of the lateral sclerites on the first abdominal sternite. Fig. 22: Rh. sumatrana; Fig. 23: Rh. parva." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226428/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of abdominal tergites (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E35953AFCC672C5FCC1" box="[620,706,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 26" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[175,1411,193,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[175,1411,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 26. Posterior margin of abdominal tergites IV – V. Fig. 24: Rh. sumatrana; Fig. 25: Rh. parva; Fig. 26: Rh. ampla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226429/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
) with one row of irregular teeth, some long and thick, others smaller and thinner, and some submarginal microdenticles present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1CF6572FF857E359791FC0E73A9F899" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF857E359791FC0E7541FB8D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359791FC0E714BFC38" bold="true" box="[199,332,908,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Discussion.</emphasis>
According to 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E359550FC0E72A2FC39" author="Kluge" box="[518,677,908,933]" firstAuthor="Kluge" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="1 - 24" part="68" refId="ref6772" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1989) Generic revision of the Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera): I. Diagnosis of tribes, genera and subgenera of the subfamily Heptageniinae. Entomological Review, 68 (3), 1 - 24." title="Generic revision of the Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera): I. Diagnosis of tribes, genera and subgenera of the subfamily Heptageniinae" type="journal article" year="1989">Kluge (1989)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E3595BAFC0E7447FC39" author="Webb &amp; McCafferty" box="[748,1088,908,933]" firstAuthor="Webb" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="1 - 55" part="7" refId="ref7595" refString="Webb, J. M. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (2008) Heptageniidae of the world. Part II: Key to the Genera. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 7, 1 - 55" title="Heptageniidae of the world. Part II: Key to the Genera" type="journal article" year="2008">Webb &amp; McCafferty (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, the structure of the female furcasternum reveals that this species cannot belong to the subfamily Ecdyonurinae, and thus cannot be associated with 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E359786FC567178FC70" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[208,383,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359786FC567178FC70" box="[208,383,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Thalerosphyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other characters which are never found in 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E359425FC567425FC70" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[883,1058,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Thalerosphyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359425FC567425FC70" box="[883,1058,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Thalerosphyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include the presence of a macula on the dorsal face of the femora, the subanal plate being bilobate and hind tarsi that are so short (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E359385FC75753EFB8D" box="[1235,1337,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[229,1348,196,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[216,1363,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Hind legs of different Heptageniidae female imagos. Fig. 1: Rhithrogena sumatrana; Fig. 2: Rhithrogena cf. hybrida; Fig. 3: Rhithrogena parva; Fig. 4: Paegniodes cupulatus (all Rhithrogeninae); Fig. 5: Heptagenia sulphurea (Heptageniinae); Fig. 6: “ Thalerosphyrus ” sinuosus; Fig. 7: “ Thalerosphyrus ” determinatus (Ecdyonurinae). All at the same scale" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226424/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Figs 1–7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF857E359791FB9E7488F905" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">
So if the specimen at hand is not a member of Ecdyonurinae, to which subfamily does this female belong? The subfamily Heptageniinae has very few species in Southeast Asia. The only genus known for certain is 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E359242FBBD71ACFBE1" authority="Braasch &amp; Soldan, 1988" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Soldan" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Trichogenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359242FBBD759CFBC5" box="[1300,1435,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Trichogenia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E3597C1FBE671ACFBE1" author="Braasch &amp; Soldan" box="[151,427,1124,1149]" firstAuthor="Braasch" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="119 - 124" part="25" refId="ref6486" refString="Braasch, D. &amp; Soldan, T. (1988) Trichogenia gen. n., eine neue Gattung der Eintagsfliegen aus Vietnam (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). Reichenbachia Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 25, 119 - 124." title="Trichogenia gen. n., eine neue Gattung der Eintagsfliegen aus Vietnam (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)" type="journal article" year="1988">Braasch &amp; Soldán, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, represented by 3 species known only as larvae from 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF857E359356FBE67461FBE0" box="[1024,1126,1124,1149]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF857E359324FBE674D3FBE0" box="[1138,1236,1124,1149]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, Sumatra, Borneo and Sulawesi (
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E35966FFB057241FB3D" author="Braasch &amp; Soldan" box="[313,582,1159,1184]" firstAuthor="Braasch" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="119 - 124" part="25" refId="ref6486" refString="Braasch, D. &amp; Soldan, T. (1988) Trichogenia gen. n., eine neue Gattung der Eintagsfliegen aus Vietnam (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). Reichenbachia Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 25, 119 - 124." title="Trichogenia gen. n., eine neue Gattung der Eintagsfliegen aus Vietnam (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)" type="journal article" year="1988">Braasch &amp; Soldán 1988</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E359507FB057314FB3D" author="Webb" box="[593,787,1159,1184]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Webb" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="55 - 68" part="1335" refId="ref7550" refString="Webb, J. M., Braasch, D. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (2006) Reevaluation of the genera Compsoneuria Eaton and Trichogenia Braasch &amp; Soldan (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa, 1335, 55 - 68" title="Reevaluation of the genera Compsoneuria Eaton and Trichogenia Braasch &amp; Soldan (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)" type="journal article" year="2006">
Webb 
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E3595CEFB0B72D7FB3D" box="[664,720,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E359473FB0573F3FB3D" author="Webb" box="[805,1012,1159,1184]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Webb" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="55 - 68" part="1335" refId="ref7550" refString="Webb, J. M., Braasch, D. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (2006) Reevaluation of the genera Compsoneuria Eaton and Trichogenia Braasch &amp; Soldan (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Zootaxa, 1335, 55 - 68" title="Reevaluation of the genera Compsoneuria Eaton and Trichogenia Braasch &amp; Soldan (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)" type="journal article" year="2006">
Webb 
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E35943AFB0B73A4FB3D" box="[876,931,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
proposed to include also in this genus the species 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E359674FB2F729CFB59" authority="Ulmer, 1939" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[290,667,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Heptagenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasuta">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359674FB2F71FCFB59" box="[290,507,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Heptagenia nasuta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E359550FB2E729CFB59" author="Ulmer" box="[518,667,1196,1221]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, known only from the imaginal stage, on the basis that no other Heptageniinae has ever been collected in the area, and the similarity in the tinted violet tinge found on the 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E3592D7FB5370E5FA91" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Heptagenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasuta">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E3592D7FB5370E5FA91" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">H. nasuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forewing and on a dissected wingpad of a 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E359592FB76734CFA90" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Soldan" authorityYear="1988" box="[708,843,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Trichogenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359592FB76734CFA90" box="[708,843,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Trichogenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nymph. Whether or not correct, our female does not match any 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E359641FA957199FAAD" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Soldan" authorityYear="1988" box="[279,414,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Trichogenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359641FA957199FAAD" box="[279,414,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Trichogenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species because the latter all lack dark maculae on the femora; the shape of the subanal plate resembles the one of the 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E3596ADFABF726CFAC9" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[507,619,1341,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Heptagenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasuta">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E3596ADFABF726CFAC9" box="[507,619,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">H. nasuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female (
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E359587FABE73CDFAC8" author="Ulmer, G." box="[721,970,1340,1365]" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer 1939, fig. 158</bibRefCitation>
), but the proportions of the hindlegs are completely different, with hind tarsi ca. 8.0x the size of the tibia, compared to 0.33x maximum in my specimen. The subfamily Rhithrogeninae, however, remains a candidate for placement of this taxon under study, of which three genera are recorded from Southeast Asia: 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E3595E8FA2B73B6FA5D" authority="Eaton, 1881" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[702,945,1448,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E3595E8FA2B731CFA5D" box="[702,795,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Epeorus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E359473FA2B73B6FA5D" author="Eaton" box="[805,945,1448,1472]" firstAuthor="Eaton" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist Monthly Magazine" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="21 - 27" part="18" refId="ref6606" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1881) An announcement of new genera of the Ephemeridae (continued). Entomologist Monthly Magazine, 18, 21 - 27." title="An announcement of new genera of the Ephemeridae (continued)" type="journal article" year="1881">Eaton, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E359496FA2574D2FA5D" authority="Eaton, 1881" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[960,1237,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359496FA257444FA5D" box="[960,1091,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Paegniodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E35931AFA2B74D2FA5D" author="Eaton" box="[1100,1237,1448,1472]" firstAuthor="Eaton" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist Monthly Magazine" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="21 - 27" part="18" refId="ref6606" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1881) An announcement of new genera of the Ephemeridae (continued). Entomologist Monthly Magazine, 18, 21 - 27." title="An announcement of new genera of the Ephemeridae (continued)" type="journal article" year="1881">Eaton, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E359247FA257124FA79" authority="Eaton, 1881" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359247FA25759BFA5D" box="[1297,1436,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Rhithrogena</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E3597C1FA4F7124FA79" author="Eaton" box="[151,291,1484,1508]" firstAuthor="Eaton" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist Monthly Magazine" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="21 - 27" part="18" refId="ref6606" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1881) An announcement of new genera of the Ephemeridae (continued). Entomologist Monthly Magazine, 18, 21 - 27." title="An announcement of new genera of the Ephemeridae (continued)" type="journal article" year="1881">Eaton, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The presence of a transverse suture on the mesonotum excludes 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E35934EFA4F7471FA79" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[1048,1142,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Epeorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E35934EFA4F7471FA79" box="[1048,1142,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Epeorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a possibility (
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E35926CFA4E715AF995" author="Webb &amp; McCafferty" firstAuthor="Webb" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="1 - 55" part="7" refId="ref7595" refString="Webb, J. M. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (2008) Heptageniidae of the world. Part II: Key to the Genera. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, 7, 1 - 55" title="Heptageniidae of the world. Part II: Key to the Genera" type="journal article" year="2008">Webb &amp; McCafferty 2008</bibRefCitation>
). The female of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E359545FA6D73ACF995" authority="(Eaton, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Eaton" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[531,939,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupulatus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359545FA6D730DF995" box="[531,778,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Paegniodes cupulatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E35944FFA7273A4F995" author="Eaton" box="[793,931,1520,1544]" firstAuthor="Eaton" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="1 - 164" part="1871" refId="ref6577" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1871) A Monograph of the Ephemeridae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1871, 1 - 164." title="A Monograph of the Ephemeridae" type="journal article" year="1871">Eaton, 1871</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
possesses hind tibiae ca 
<date id="9D6B1039FF857E359394FA7274D9F995" box="[1218,1246,1520,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">2x</date>
the length of the tarsi that have a segment composition, in decreasing order, of 2=5&gt;3&gt;1&gt;4 (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E3594B5F996742FF9B1" box="[995,1064,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[229,1348,196,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[216,1363,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Hind legs of different Heptageniidae female imagos. Fig. 1: Rhithrogena sumatrana; Fig. 2: Rhithrogena cf. hybrida; Fig. 3: Rhithrogena parva; Fig. 4: Paegniodes cupulatus (all Rhithrogeninae); Fig. 5: Heptagenia sulphurea (Heptageniinae); Fig. 6: “ Thalerosphyrus ” sinuosus; Fig. 7: “ Thalerosphyrus ” determinatus (Ecdyonurinae). All at the same scale" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226424/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), whereas it is 1=5&gt;2&gt;3&gt; 
<quantity id="2E2D9B1CFF857E359210F9967574F9B0" box="[1350,1395,1556,1581]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
the examined female (
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E359630F9B571AFF9CD" box="[358,424,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[229,1348,196,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[216,1363,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Hind legs of different Heptageniidae female imagos. Fig. 1: Rhithrogena sumatrana; Fig. 2: Rhithrogena cf. hybrida; Fig. 3: Rhithrogena parva; Fig. 4: Paegniodes cupulatus (all Rhithrogeninae); Fig. 5: Heptagenia sulphurea (Heptageniinae); Fig. 6: “ Thalerosphyrus ” sinuosus; Fig. 7: “ Thalerosphyrus ” determinatus (Ecdyonurinae). All at the same scale" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226424/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Moreover, the subanal plate of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E35944AF9BB73A2F9CD" baseAuthorityName="Eaton" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[796,933,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupulatus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E35944AF9BB73A2F9CD" box="[796,933,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">P. cupulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is entire and not cleft, and the femora do not possess dark maculae (Eaton 1885). Additionally, the eggs of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E35942CF9DE73FAF9E8" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[890,1021,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E35942CF9DE73FAF9E8" box="[890,1021,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Paegniodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
do not present the same chorionic arrangement as those of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E3596FEF9FD7234F905" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[424,563,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E3596FEF9FD7234F905" box="[424,563,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Rhithrogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, in particular those of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E3594DFF9FD7429F905" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[905,1070,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E3594DFF9FD7429F905" box="[905,1070,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Rh. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF857E35936BF9FD7486F905" box="[1085,1153,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 9" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1958,1981]" captionTargetBox="[186,1404,204,1936]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[175,1411,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 9. Egg structures of Rh. sumatrana (Fig. 8) and Paegniodes cupulatus (Fig. 9). a: egg in toto; b: detail of the pole; c: micropyle area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226425/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF857E359791F92673A9F899" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">
Thus 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E359653F9267197F920" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[261,400,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359653F9267197F920" box="[261,400,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Rhithrogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the best candidate to accommodate 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E35946BF926744AF921" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[829,1101,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Ecdyonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatranus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E35946BF926744AF921" box="[829,1101,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Ecdyonurus sumatranus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All the mentioned characters are, or can be, found in members of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E359562F94572B8F97D" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[564,703,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359562F94572B8F97D" box="[564,703,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Rhithrogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
., which is a diverse genus encompassing more than 150 species, most of which have Holarctic distributions (
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E3595D2F96E73A5F899" author="Barber-James" box="[644,930,1772,1797]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barber-James" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="339 - 350" part="595" refId="ref6242" refString="Barber-James, H. M., Gattolliat, J. L., Sartori, M. &amp; Hubbard, M. D. (2008) Global diversity of mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595, 339 - 350. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 007 - 9028 - y" title="Global diversity of mayflies (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) in freshwater" type="journal article" year="2008">
Barber-James 
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359470F96F7359F898" box="[806,862,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1CF6572FF857E3597C1F8B6733FF8D0" box="[151,824,1844,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF857E3597C1F8B6733FF8D0" blockId="8.[151,824,1844,1869]" box="[151,824,1844,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">
Five species of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E359610F8B671D6F8D0" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[326,465,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E359610F8B671D6F8D0" box="[326,465,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Rhithrogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known from Southeast Asia
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1CF6572FF857E349791F8FF7221FE4D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF857E349791F8FF71AAFF48" blockId="8.[199,1437,1916,2013]" lastBlockId="9.[199,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">
• 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E3597A3F8FE7211F809" authority="(Ulmer, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[245,534,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E3597A3F8FE7160F809" box="[245,359,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Rh. parva</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E35962FF8FE7209F809" author="Ulmer" box="[377,526,1916,1941]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="369 - 375" part="1" refId="ref7321" refString="Ulmer, G. (1912) H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute, Ephemeriden. Entomologische Mitteilungen, 1, 369 - 375." title="H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute, Ephemeriden" type="journal article" year="1912">Ulmer, 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, male and female imagoes described from 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF857E35935BF8FF7468F809" box="[1037,1135,1917,1940]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Formosa</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF857E3593D7F8FE74D1F808" box="[1153,1238,1916,1941]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
) under the name 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E3597A5F82271C9F825" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1912" box="[243,462,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Ecdyonurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E3597A5F82271C9F825" box="[243,462,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">Ecdyonurus parvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, recombined later without more comment (
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E359495F8227455F825" author="Ulmer" box="[963,1106,1952,1977]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="97 - 144" part="81" refId="ref7344" refString="Ulmer, G. (1920) Ubersicht uber die Gattungen der Ephemeropteren, nebst Bemerkungen uber einzelne Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 81, 97 - 144" title="Ubersicht uber die Gattungen der Ephemeropteren, nebst Bemerkungen uber einzelne Arten" type="journal article" year="1920">Ulmer 1920</bibRefCitation>
). Nymphs mentioned for the first time from Java (
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF857E359689F846726EF841" author="Ulmer" box="[479,617,1988,2013]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer 1939</bibRefCitation>
) under the name 
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF857E35947BF8467411F841" box="[813,1046,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="201">
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF857E35947BF8467407F841" authority="Nymphs" authorityName="Nymphs" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[813,1024,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">Rhithrogena parva</taxonomicName>
?
</emphasis>
Nymphs and eggs illustrated from 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF847E3497A5FF157142FF2D" box="[243,325,151,176]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E349621FF1A7275FF2D" author="Kang &amp; Yang" box="[375,626,152,176]" firstAuthor="Kang" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Taiwan Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="5 - 36" part="47" refId="ref6677" refString="Kang, S. C. &amp; Yang, C. T. (1994) Heptageniidae of Taiwan (Ephemeroptera). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 47, 5 - 36." title="Heptageniidae of Taiwan (Ephemeroptera)" type="journal article" year="1994">Kang &amp; Yang (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, without mentioning on which basis they associate their nymph with Ulmer’s species;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF847E349791FF62758BFF65" blockId="9.[199,1437,151,464]" box="[199,1420,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
• 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3497A3FF5D72AFFF65" authority="Braasch &amp; Soldan, 1986" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Soldan" authorityYear="1986" box="[245,680,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diehliana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3497A3FF5D718BFF65" box="[245,396,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. diehliana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E3496C5FF5D72AFFF65" author="Braasch &amp; Soldan" box="[403,680,223,248]" firstAuthor="Braasch" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="91 - 92" part="24" refId="ref6447" refString="Braasch, D. &amp; Soldan, T. (1986) Rhithrogena diehliana n. sp. von Sumatra (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). Reichenbachia Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 24, 91 - 92" title="Rhithrogena diehliana n. sp. von Sumatra (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)" type="journal article" year="1986">Braasch &amp; Soldán, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a single male subimago poorly described from northern Sumatra;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF847E349791FE877548FEDD" blockId="9.[199,1437,151,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
• 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3497A3FE867267FE81" authority="Kang &amp; Yang, 1994" authorityName="Kang &amp; Yang" authorityYear="1994" box="[245,608,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3497A3FE86716CFE80" box="[245,363,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. ampla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E349622FE877267FE81" author="Kang &amp; Yang" box="[372,608,260,285]" firstAuthor="Kang" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Taiwan Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="5 - 36" part="47" refId="ref6677" refString="Kang, S. C. &amp; Yang, C. T. (1994) Heptageniidae of Taiwan (Ephemeroptera). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 47, 5 - 36." title="Heptageniidae of Taiwan (Ephemeroptera)" type="journal article" year="1994">Kang &amp; Yang, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, nymphs described from 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF847E3494D3FE8673DDFE80" box="[901,986,260,285]" name="Taiwan" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, which are barely distinguishable from those of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349605FEA571C6FEDD" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[339,449,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349605FEA571C6FEDD" box="[339,449,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but present egg chorionic structure differences, and may live in higher altitudes;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF847E349791FECF726BFE15" blockId="9.[199,1437,151,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
• 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3497A3FECE7250FEF9" authority="Zhou &amp; Peters, 2004" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Peters" authorityYear="2004" box="[245,599,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unica">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3497A3FECE7166FEF9" box="[245,353,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. unica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E34963EFECE7250FEF9" author="Zhou &amp; Peters" box="[360,599,332,357]" firstAuthor="Zhou" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="898 - 902" part="97" refId="ref7635" refString="Zhou, C. F. &amp; Peters, J. G. (2004) A new subgenus of Rhithrogena from China, with description of a new species (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, 898 - 902. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2004) 097 [0898: ansorf] 2.0. co; 2" title="A new subgenus of Rhithrogena from China, with description of a new species (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)" type="journal article" year="2004">Zhou &amp; Peters, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, all stages described from southern 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF847E3494BDFECE7436FEF8" box="[1003,1073,332,357]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">China</collectingCountry>
, and type-species of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349248FECE71DBFE15" authority="Zhou &amp; Peters, 2004" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Peters" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Tumungula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349248FECE759BFEF8" box="[1310,1436,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Tumungula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E3497A5FEED71DBFE15" author="Zhou &amp; Peters" box="[243,476,367,392]" firstAuthor="Zhou" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="898 - 902" part="97" refId="ref7635" refString="Zhou, C. F. &amp; Peters, J. G. (2004) A new subgenus of Rhithrogena from China, with description of a new species (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, 898 - 902. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2004) 097 [0898: ansorf] 2.0. co; 2" title="A new subgenus of Rhithrogena from China, with description of a new species (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)" type="journal article" year="2004">Zhou &amp; Peters, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see below);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF847E349791FE177221FE4D" blockId="9.[199,1437,151,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
• 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3497A3FE1672E6FE31" authority="Braasch &amp; Boonsoong, 2009" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Boonsoong" authorityYear="2009" box="[245,737,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3497A3FE167197FE31" box="[245,400,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. siamensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E3496CEFE1672E6FE31" author="Braasch &amp; Boonsoong" box="[408,737,404,429]" firstAuthor="Braasch" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="33 - 44" part="2166" refId="ref6352" refString="Braasch, D. &amp; Boonsoong, B. (2009) A new Notacanthurus Tshernova, 1974 and a new Rhithrogena Eaton, 1881 (subgenus Tumungula Zhou &amp; Peters, 2004) from Thailand (Heptageniidae, Ephemeroptera). Zootaxa, 2166, 33 - 44." title="A new Notacanthurus Tshernova, 1974 and a new Rhithrogena Eaton, 1881 (subgenus Tumungula Zhou &amp; Peters, 2004) from Thailand (Heptageniidae, Ephemeroptera)" type="journal article" year="2009">Braasch &amp; Boonsoong, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, all stages described from 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF847E349359FE167474FE30" box="[1039,1139,404,429]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and placed by the authors in the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3496FEFE357221FE4D" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Peters" authorityYear="2004" box="[424,550,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Tumungula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3496FEFE357221FE4D" box="[424,550,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Tumungula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1CF6572FF847E379791FE7D70D8FF49" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF847E349791FE7D7260FD35" blockId="9.[151,1437,511,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349791FE7D71E3FD85" authority="(Ulmer, 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[199,484,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349791FE7D7138FD85" box="[199,319,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. ornata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E34961BFE7D71DBFD85" author="Ulmer" box="[333,476,511,536]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is not listed here because I cannot accept the synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3493CFFE7D70C8FDA1" authority="Ulmer, 1939" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogeniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3493CFFE7D754FFD85" box="[1177,1352,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rhithrogeniella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E349218FE7D70C8FDA1" author="Ulmer" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="366E885BFF847E34978BFDA67108FDA1" box="[221,271,548,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">type</typeStatus>
species 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349638FDA6730DFDA1" authority=", Ulmer, 1939" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[366,778,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogeniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349638FDA67268FDA1" box="[366,623,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rhithrogeniella ornata</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E34952BFDA6730DFDA1" author="Ulmer" box="[637,778,548,573]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Java and Sumatra) proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E3493E3FDA770E2FDFD" author="Wang &amp; McCafferty" firstAuthor="Wang" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="11 - 45" part="130" refId="ref7506" refString="Wang, T. - Q. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (2004) Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) of the world. Part I: Phylogenetic higher classification. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 130, 11 - 45" title="Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) of the world. Part I: Phylogenetic higher classification" type="journal article" year="2004">Wang &amp; McCafferty (2004)</bibRefCitation>
. Examination of the 
<typeStatus id="366E885BFF847E349684FDCA7205FDFD" box="[466,514,584,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">type</typeStatus>
material show 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3495E4FDC57366FDFD" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" box="[690,865,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogeniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3495E4FDC57366FDFD" box="[690,865,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rhithrogeniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not a Rhithrogeninae because the depression of the furcasternum is not narrowed anteriorly and consequently cannot be a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349308FDEE74EEFD18" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[1118,1257,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349308FDEE74EEFD18" box="[1118,1257,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rhithrogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Its exact status will be treated elsewhere (
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E3496EAFD0D725CFD35" author="Sartori" box="[444,603,655,680]" firstAuthor="Sartori" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" refId="ref6953" refString="Sartori, M. (2014 a) About the status of the enigmatic Oriental genus Rhithrogeniella Ulmer 1939 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). Oriental Insects. [submitted]" title="About the status of the enigmatic Oriental genus Rhithrogeniella Ulmer 1939 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)" type="journal volume" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">Sartori 2014a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF847E349791FD367303FC55" blockId="9.[151,1437,511,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
All these species present a dark macula on the femora. The female of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349482FD36747EFD51" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[980,1145,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349482FD36747EFD51" box="[980,1145,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be compared to those of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3497EEFD557121FD6D" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Peters" authorityYear="2004" box="[184,294,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unica">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3497EEFD557121FD6D" box="[184,294,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. unica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349634FD557201FD6D" box="[354,518,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349634FD557205FD6D" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Boonsoong" authorityYear="2009" box="[354,514,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis">Rh. siamensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
with which it shares the short hind tarsi (between one third and one fourth the length of the tibia), and the subanal plate deeply cleft. It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3494FEFD7E7444FC89" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Boonsoong" authorityYear="2009" box="[936,1091,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3494FEFD7E7444FC89" box="[936,1091,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. siamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the egg chorionic structure (
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E3497C8FCA271EDFCA5" author="Boonsoong &amp; Braasch" box="[158,490,799,824]" firstAuthor="Boonsoong" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="61 - 93" part="272" refId="ref6309" refString="Boonsoong, B. &amp; Braasch, D. (2013) Heptageniidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) of Thailand. Zookeys, 272, 61 - 93. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 272.3638" title="Heptageniidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) of Thailand" type="journal article" year="2013">Boonsoong &amp; Braasch 2013</bibRefCitation>
), those of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349531FC9D72D2FCA5" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Peters" authorityYear="2004" box="[615,725,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unica">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349531FC9D72D2FCA5" box="[615,725,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. unica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being unfortunately undescribed. The female of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349258FC9D7587FCA5" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1294,1408,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349258FC9D7587FCA5" box="[1294,1408,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is incompletely described, but based on its redescription (see below), 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3494C3FCC67433FCC1" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[917,1076,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3494C3FCC67433FCC1" box="[917,1076,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs by the hind tibiae being much longer than the femora (subequal in 
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349521FCE572EAFC1D" box="[631,749,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349521FCE572EEFC1D" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[631,745,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">Rh. parva</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
compare 
<figureCitation id="71EE2A7CFF847E34940BFCE573EDFC1D" box="[861,1002,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1900,1923]" captionTargetBox="[229,1348,196,1846]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[216,1363,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Hind legs of different Heptageniidae female imagos. Fig. 1: Rhithrogena sumatrana; Fig. 2: Rhithrogena cf. hybrida; Fig. 3: Rhithrogena parva; Fig. 4: Paegniodes cupulatus (all Rhithrogeninae); Fig. 5: Heptagenia sulphurea (Heptageniinae); Fig. 6: “ Thalerosphyrus ” sinuosus; Fig. 7: “ Thalerosphyrus ” determinatus (Ecdyonurinae). All at the same scale" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226424/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Figs 1 and 3</figureCitation>
), by the tarsal composition and by the subanal plate being not so cleft. It remains a possibility that 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349413FC0E73D9FC38" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Soldan" authorityYear="1986" box="[837,990,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diehliana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349413FC0E73D9FC38" box="[837,990,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. diehliana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3493B9FC0E7592FC39" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[1263,1429,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3493B9FC0E7592FC39" box="[1263,1429,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but due to the scarcity of data, more material is needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF847E349791FC577499FAE5" blockId="9.[151,1437,511,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
In the absence of mature female nymphs, the association between the female adult and the nymphs described here is based on the following interpretations. In Southeast Asia, the genus 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E34937AFC7574B0FB8D" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[1068,1207,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E34937AFC7574B0FB8D" box="[1068,1207,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rhithrogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not only poorly diversified, but is also very rare and uncommon in stream and rivers. The genus appears to be absent from 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF847E349260FB9E759FFBA8" box="[1334,1432,1052,1077]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF847E3497C1FBBD70F9FBC5" box="[151,254,1087,1112]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
and the 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF847E349634FBBD71E3FBC5" box="[354,484,1087,1112]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3496B9FBBD727DFBC5" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[495,634,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3496B9FBBD727DFBC5" box="[495,634,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rhithrogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the Sunda Islands are known from Sumatra, Java and Lombok; the conspecificity of the populations of Lombok and Java, which are located on each side of the Wallace line, makes the conspecificity of the populations of Java and Sumatra credible, although no 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349364FB0574BAFB3D" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[1074,1213,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349364FB0574BAFB3D" box="[1074,1213,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rhithrogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nymphs have been collected or reported from Sumatra (contrary to what was stated by 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E3494EAFB2E74B7FB59" author="Zhou &amp; Peters" box="[956,1200,1196,1221]" firstAuthor="Zhou" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="898 - 902" part="97" refId="ref7635" refString="Zhou, C. F. &amp; Peters, J. G. (2004) A new subgenus of Rhithrogena from China, with description of a new species (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, 898 - 902. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2004) 097 [0898: ansorf] 2.0. co; 2" title="A new subgenus of Rhithrogena from China, with description of a new species (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)" type="journal article" year="2004">Zhou &amp; Peters 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Both islands share several mayfly species in common, such as 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3495D3FB52743BFB75" authority="Eaton, 1881" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[645,1084,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Compsoneuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3495D3FB5273ADFB75" box="[645,938,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Compsoneuria spectabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E3494E7FB53743BFB75" author="Eaton" box="[945,1084,1232,1256]" firstAuthor="Eaton" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist Monthly Magazine" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="21 - 27" part="18" refId="ref6606" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1881) An announcement of new genera of the Ephemeridae (continued). Entomologist Monthly Magazine, 18, 21 - 27." title="An announcement of new genera of the Ephemeridae (continued)" type="journal article" year="1881">Eaton, 1881</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E34931FFB4D7129FA91" authority="Ulmer, 1939" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Compsoneuriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thienemanni">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E34931FFB4D759BFB75" box="[1097,1436,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Compsoneuriella thienemanni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E3497C1FB767129FA91" author="Ulmer" box="[151,302,1268,1293]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, both in the 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349681FB76727EFA90" authorityName="Needham" authorityYear="1901" box="[471,633,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Heptageniidae</taxonomicName>
(Sartori, unpublished); 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3494CAFB767541FA91" authority="Eaton, 1881" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[924,1350,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" genus="Rhoenanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3494CAFB7674AEFA91" box="[924,1193,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rhoenanthus speciosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E3493E1FB777541FA91" author="Eaton" box="[1207,1350,1268,1292]" firstAuthor="Eaton" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist Monthly Magazine" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="21 - 27" part="18" refId="ref6606" refString="Eaton, A. E. (1881) An announcement of new genera of the Ephemeridae (continued). Entomologist Monthly Magazine, 18, 21 - 27." title="An announcement of new genera of the Ephemeridae (continued)" type="journal article" year="1881">
Eaton, 
<quantity id="2E2D9B1CFF847E349258FB767541FA91" box="[1294,1350,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.77774" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" unit="in" value="1881.0">1881</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3497C1FA957269FAAD" authority="(Bae &amp; McCafferty 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Bae &amp; McCafferty" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[151,622,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Potamanthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Potamanthidae (
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E34961BFA9A7262FAAD" author="Bae &amp; McCafferty" box="[333,613,1303,1328]" firstAuthor="Bae" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="1 - 143" part="117" refId="ref6151" refString="Bae, Y. J. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1991) Phylogenetic systematics of the Potamanthidae (Ephemeroptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 117, 1 - 143." title="Phylogenetic systematics of the Potamanthidae (Ephemeroptera)" type="journal article" year="1991">Bae &amp; McCafferty 1991</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E34952CFA95744FFAAD" authority="(Ulmer, 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[634,1096,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Neoephemeridae" genus="Potamanthellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenoides">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E34952CFA9573A6FAAD" box="[634,929,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Potamanthellus caenoides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E3494E6FA957447FAAD" author="Ulmer" box="[944,1088,1303,1328]" firstAuthor="Ulmer" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer, 1939</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E34933BFA957529FAAD" authorityName="Traver" authorityYear="1935" box="[1133,1326,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Neoephemeridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Neoephemeridae</taxonomicName>
, with this species’ range of distribution also including Lombok (
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E34945EFABE7421FAC9" author="Bae &amp; McCafferty" box="[776,1062,1340,1365]" firstAuthor="Bae" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Insects" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="35 - 68" part="20" refId="ref6189" refString="Bae, Y. J. &amp; McCafferty, W. P. (1998) Phylogenetic, systematics and biogeography of the Neoephemeridae (Ephemeroptera: Pannota). Aquatic Insects, 20, 35 - 68. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1076 / aqin. 20.1.35.4489" title="Phylogenetic, systematics and biogeography of the Neoephemeridae (Ephemeroptera: Pannota)" type="journal article" year="1998">Bae &amp; McCafferty 1998</bibRefCitation>
); and 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349338FABE70C8FAE5" authority="Sartori, 2008" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Teloganodidae" genus="Dudgeodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulmeri">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349338FABE7538FAC8" box="[1134,1343,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Dudgeodes ulmeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E34921FFABE70C8FAE5" author="Sartori" firstAuthor="Sartori" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="1 - 51" part="1957" refId="ref7026" refString="Sartori, M., Peters, J. G. &amp; Hubbard, M. D. (2008) A revision of Oriental Teloganodidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Ephemerelloidea). Zootaxa, 1957, 1 - 51." title="A revision of Oriental Teloganodidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Ephemerelloidea)" type="journal article" year="2008">
Sartori, 
<quantity id="2E2D9B1CFF847E3497C1FAE270C8FAE5" box="[151,207,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.10032" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" unit="in" value="2008.0">2008</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3497A5FADD719CFAE5" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1965" box="[243,411,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Teloganodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Teloganodidae</taxonomicName>
, recently also reported from Bali (
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E34944FFADD73EFFAE5" author="Sartori" box="[793,1000,1375,1400]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sartori" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="1 - 51" part="1957" refId="ref7026" refString="Sartori, M., Peters, J. G. &amp; Hubbard, M. D. (2008) A revision of Oriental Teloganodidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Ephemerelloidea). Zootaxa, 1957, 1 - 51." title="A revision of Oriental Teloganodidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Ephemerelloidea)" type="journal article" year="2008">
Sartori 
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349438FAE373A1FAE5" box="[878,934,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E3494A2FADD7495FAE5" author="Sartori" box="[1012,1170,1375,1400]" firstAuthor="Sartori" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="1939" refId="ref6984" refString="Sartori, M. (2014 b) Complementary description of Dudgeodes ulmeri Sartori, 2008 and Teloganopsis media Ulmer, 1939 (Ephemeroptera: Teloganodidae, Ephemerellidae). Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg. [in press]" title="Complementary description of Dudgeodes ulmeri Sartori, 2008 and Teloganopsis media Ulmer, 1939 (Ephemeroptera: Teloganodidae, Ephemerellidae)" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="b">Sartori 2014b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF847E349791FA0670F1F995" blockId="9.[151,1437,511,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
The nymph of 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E34962FFA067225FA01" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[377,546,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E34962FFA067225FA01" box="[377,546,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily separated from all other Southeast Asian species by the numerous crenulations of the gill I. The mandible illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E3495A6FA2573F0FA5D" author="Ulmer, G." box="[752,1015,1447,1472]" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Hydrobiologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="443 - 692" part="16" refId="ref7373" refString="Ulmer, G. (1939) Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 16, 443 - 692." title="Eintagsfliegen (Ephemeropteren) von den Sunda-Inseln" type="journal article" year="1939">Ulmer (1939: Fig. 467)</bibRefCitation>
is much more elongated than the one showed here, because on his slide preparation the mandible has been folded, appearing much more slender than it is actually.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E96A36F9FF847E379791F99770D8FF49" blockId="9.[151,1437,511,2013]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">
It is impossible to know if 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3496ACF99672A6F9B1" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[506,673,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3496ACF99672A6F9B1" box="[506,673,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349497F9967533F9B1" authority="Zhou &amp; Peters, 2004" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Peters" authorityYear="2004" box="[961,1332,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Tumungula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349497F9967438F9B0" box="[961,1087,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Tumungula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E349311F9967533F9B1" author="Zhou &amp; Peters" box="[1095,1332,1556,1581]" firstAuthor="Zhou" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="898 - 902" part="97" refId="ref7635" refString="Zhou, C. F. &amp; Peters, J. G. (2004) A new subgenus of Rhithrogena from China, with description of a new species (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, 898 - 902. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2004) 097 [0898: ansorf] 2.0. co; 2" title="A new subgenus of Rhithrogena from China, with description of a new species (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)" type="journal article" year="2004">Zhou &amp; Peters, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
or to the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349651F9B57195F9CD" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[263,402,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349651F9B57195F9CD" box="[263,402,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rhithrogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0925790FF847E3496F4F9BA71C2F9D2" box="[418,453,1592,1615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E34969BF9B5724CF9CD" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Peters" authorityYear="2004" box="[461,587,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Tumungula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E34969BF9B5724CF9CD" box="[461,587,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Tumungula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by several unique apomorphies which are present only on the male imago, such as a hypertrophied foreleg claw, the first segment of the fore tarsi longer than the second, and various details of the genitalia. 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E349553F9FD7304F905" author="Zhou &amp; Peters" box="[517,771,1663,1688]" firstAuthor="Zhou" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="898 - 902" part="97" refId="ref7635" refString="Zhou, C. F. &amp; Peters, J. G. (2004) A new subgenus of Rhithrogena from China, with description of a new species (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, 898 - 902. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2004) 097 [0898: ansorf] 2.0. co; 2" title="A new subgenus of Rhithrogena from China, with description of a new species (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)" type="journal article" year="2004">Zhou &amp; Peters (2004)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned anyway, in the diagnosis of the subgenus, the presence of an incised subanal plate, as in 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349525F926731FF921" authorityName="Sartori" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[627,792,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349525F926731FF921" box="[627,792,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. sumatrana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This is also the case not only in the species 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349247F9267197F97D" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Boonsoong" authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis" subGenus="Tumugula">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349247F9267197F97D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rhithrogena (Tumugula) siamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as illustrated by 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E34950CF94573B4F97D" author="Braasch &amp; Boonsoong" box="[602,947,1735,1760]" firstAuthor="Braasch" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="33 - 44" part="2166" refId="ref6352" refString="Braasch, D. &amp; Boonsoong, B. (2009) A new Notacanthurus Tshernova, 1974 and a new Rhithrogena Eaton, 1881 (subgenus Tumungula Zhou &amp; Peters, 2004) from Thailand (Heptageniidae, Ephemeroptera). Zootaxa, 2166, 33 - 44." title="A new Notacanthurus Tshernova, 1974 and a new Rhithrogena Eaton, 1881 (subgenus Tumungula Zhou &amp; Peters, 2004) from Thailand (Heptageniidae, Ephemeroptera)" type="journal article" year="2009">Braasch &amp; Boonsoong (2009)</bibRefCitation>
, but also in some 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3493DFF9457513F97D" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[1161,1300,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3493DFF9457513F97D" box="[1161,1300,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rhithrogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0925790FF847E349248F94A7546F942" box="[1310,1345,1736,1759]" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
species such as 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3497A7F96E728EF899" authority="(Sartori &amp; Sowa 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Sartori &amp; Sowa" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[241,649,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paulinae">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3497A7F96E7187F898" box="[241,384,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. paulinae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E3496D9F96E7286F899" author="Sartori &amp; Sowa" box="[399,641,1772,1797]" firstAuthor="Sartori" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Insects" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="31 - 40" part="14" refId="ref7068" refString="Sartori, M. &amp; Sowa, R. (1992) New data on some Rhithrogena species from the Near and Middle East (Ephemeroptera; Heptageniidae). Aquatic Insects, 14, 31 - 40." title="New data on some Rhithrogena species from the Near and Middle East (Ephemeroptera; Heptageniidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">Sartori &amp; Sowa 1992</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="91C27669FF847E349598F96F72F8F899" box="[718,767,1773,1796]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Iran</collectingCountry>
. This character is rather rare within the genus 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E34925CF96E7592F898" authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" box="[1290,1429,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E34925CF96E7592F898" box="[1290,1429,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rhithrogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where most of the Holarctic species possess an oval to ellipsoidal subanal plate that is entire or slightly concave (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E349799F8B671BEF8D0" author="Needham" bookContentInfo="759 pp." box="[207,441,1844,1869]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Needham" journalOrPublisher="Comstock Publishing Company, Ithaca, New York" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" refId="ref6867" refString="Needham, J. G., Traver, J. R. &amp; Hsu, Y. - S. (1935) The biology of mayflies with a systematic account of North American species. Comstock Publishing Company, Ithaca, New York, 759 pp." title="The biology of mayflies with a systematic account of North American species" type="book" year="1935">
Needham 
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349617F8B7717FF8D0" box="[321,376,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">et al.</emphasis>
1935
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E349692F8B67255F8D1" author="Sartori" box="[452,594,1844,1869]" firstAuthor="Sartori" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="835 - 858" part="99" refId="ref6916" refString="Sartori, M. (1992) Mayflies from Israel (Insecta; Ephemeroptera). I. Heptageniidae, Ephemerellidae, Leptophlebiidae, Palingeniidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 99, 835 - 858." title="Mayflies from Israel (Insecta; Ephemeroptera). I. Heptageniidae, Ephemerellidae, Leptophlebiidae, Palingeniidae" type="journal article" year="1992">Sartori 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E34950BF8B6731DF8D0" author="Sowa" box="[605,794,1844,1869]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sowa" journalOrPublisher="Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="135 - 137" part="55" refId="ref7170" refString="Sowa, R., Gaino, E. &amp; Degrange, C. (1985) Description de Rhithrogena hybrida Eaton, 1885 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) a partir d'exemplaires de l'une des stations types (Chalets de Joux-Plane, Haute Savoie, France). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 55, 135 - 137." title="Description de Rhithrogena hybrida Eaton, 1885 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) a partir d'exemplaires de l'une des stations types (Chalets de Joux-Plane, Haute Savoie, France)" type="journal article" year="1985">
Sowa 
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3495F4F8B772DEF8D0" box="[674,729,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">et al.</emphasis>
1985
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF847E349473F8B67411F8D0" author="Sowa &amp; Soldan" box="[805,1046,1844,1869]" firstAuthor="Sowa" journalOrPublisher="Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" pagination="557 - 572" part="56" refId="ref7228" refString="Sowa, R. &amp; Soldan, T. (1986) Three new species of the Rhithrogena hybrida group from Poland and Czechoslovakia with a supplementary description of R. hercynia Landa, 1969 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 56, 557 - 572." title="Three new species of the Rhithrogena hybrida group from Poland and Czechoslovakia with a supplementary description of R. hercynia Landa, 1969 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)" type="journal article" year="1986">Sowa &amp; Soldán 1986</bibRefCitation>
). As in 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E34933DF8B6756BF8D1" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Peters" authorityYear="2004" box="[1131,1388,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unica" subGenus="Tumungula">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E34933DF8B6756BF8D1" box="[1131,1388,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. (Tumungula) unica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the first sternite of the nymph possesses lateral sclerites perpendicular to the body axis, contrary to 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349399F8D5753AF8ED" baseAuthorityName="Ulmer" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1231,1341,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349399F8D5753AF8ED" box="[1231,1341,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E349220F8D570DAF808" authorityName="Kang &amp; Yang" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampla">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E349220F8D570DAF808" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. ampla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below); the same also occurs in 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF847E3495E4F8FE73F6F809" authorityName="Braasch &amp; Boonsoong" authorityYear="2009" box="[690,1009,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Rhithrogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siamensis" subGenus="Tumungula">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF847E3495E4F8FE73F6F809" box="[690,1009,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="202">Rh. (Tumungula) siamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B. Boonsoong, pers. comm.). The combination of gill VII with a smooth margin, and lateral sclerites perpendicular to the body axis (and to some extent the maculae on the femora) may support the monophyly of these three species (hence the validity of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="2ED54D7AFF877E37965EFF157181FF2D" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Peters" authorityYear="2004" box="[264,390,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Tumungula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF877E37965EFF157181FF2D" box="[264,390,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">Tumungula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), as it has been shown also to some extent for European species (
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF877E37932CFF1A74F8FF2D" author="Sowa" box="[1146,1279,152,176]" editor="Landa, V. &amp; Soldan, T. &amp; Tonner, M." firstAuthor="Sowa" journalOrPublisher="CSAV, Bechyne" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" pagination="37 - 52" refId="ref7107" refString="Sowa, R. (1984) Contribution a la connaissance des especes europeennes de Rhithrogena Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae). In: Landa, V., Soldan, T. &amp; Tonner, M. (Eds.), Proceeding of the fourth international conference on Ephemeroptera. CSAV, Bechyne, pp. 37 - 52." title="Contribution a la connaissance des especes europeennes de Rhithrogena Eaton (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Proceeding of the fourth international conference on Ephemeroptera" year="1984">Sowa 1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D444B08FF877E37925AFF1A70D4FF49" author="Vuataz" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vuataz" journalOrPublisher="Plos One" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" pagination="e 19728" part="6" refId="ref7398" refString="Vuataz, L., Sartori, M., Wagner, A. &amp; Monaghan, M. T. (2011) Toward a DNA Taxonomy of Alpine Rhithrogena (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) Using a Mixed Yule-Coalescent Analysis of Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA. Plos One, 6, e 19728. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0019728" title="Toward a DNA Taxonomy of Alpine Rhithrogena (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) Using a Mixed Yule-Coalescent Analysis of Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA" type="journal article" year="2011">
Vuataz 
<emphasis id="DBA1EAEBFF877E379234FF1B759BFF2D" box="[1378,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>