322 lines
28 KiB
XML
322 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<document id="C754E0CC284D620CB1E8DE06C8EFDD13" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757" ID-ZooBank="6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D" ID-publisher-id="123757" URI-arpha="E0E2E4CE-0D0E-533C-9BD4-A1327BB57504" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1716923959232" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jordal, Bjarte H." docDate="2024" docId="17ED380A580250828897C93779E72F7B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1203: 95-130" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1203" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/123757/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Ctonoxylon spinifer Eggers 1920" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="130" masterDocId="E0E2E4CE0D0E533C9BD4A1327BB57504" masterDocTitle="An integrated taxonomic revision of Ctonoxylon (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) reveals new Malagasy species originating from multiple recent colonisations of the island" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1716924051971" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods id="DAD7B563152936F8F6F0506B58B7F8EE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9F8B6BCABEB649AB46068173CC8D9F7D">
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<mods:title id="5A4A820BE9D20259DA70287FADA6BAC6">An integrated taxonomic revision of Ctonoxylon (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) reveals new Malagasy species originating from multiple recent colonisations of the island</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="BD985CF87A3762D11FEE07D76F1120B7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D6CD6EC6A567B0DB4CCDB81A78EEB2A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1616509375C26116EB91D9CEEDC4D0C1">Jordal, Bjarte H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CEDF8627B886B1CB16162AD2C63D2B30" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6082-443X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="B7A142E822C3C50FBE098FCED7C9DB95">Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, P. O. 7800, NO- 5020 Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="135562DB33405D3B22955FC5A32BF511">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="76C74EBC68DF8ADE9C2F7A8F950A63CB">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6B81737CF62730CFCE7C0505E48E6D74">
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<mods:date id="1F5F6A76B18ED178D5E4F37BDEDF03D2">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="52ADA4C02EFA8CE675BE1F819F810806" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="342C5460AE708E51DA028F76F6877BC5">2024-05-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="AA38DF436452C66B2F03B41DC4C4F01B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8BC77C7ACDBF30C637127A12A96D626C">1203</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="57E8BEF867334E9F36676793F4B0D331">95</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="6F969C4CE601B1E83B6141826531F051">130</mods:end>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="CA2EF86CDC7141FD49A4A306305DD353">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="83FD36789289629B80DB8FAD4C25E20B" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="ABCD43DEE7825DCD26750071B5FAB1E2" type="ZooBank">6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="17ED380A580250828897C93779E72F7B" ID-arpha="17ED380A-5802-5082-8897-C93779E72F7B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:17ED380A580250828897C93779E72F7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/17ED380A580250828897C93779E72F7B">
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<subSubSection id="3BB5BAFBE66F49CD993C8645AA83345F" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9FF684AE7279A163192B1D3C64E4BA17">
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<taxonomicName id="262701D1B397BA05E8464368969B2DB4" ID-CoL="3283Z" authority="Eggers" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinifer">
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<emphasis id="E601FB31DEC2EEF0D337DACD49DA3206" italics="true">Ctonoxylon spinifer</emphasis>
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Eggers
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3EBB23D4D2A965F6AB858AFECBAC0A2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9A6D2A6027C22FEEE54550DF659506CB">
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<figureCitation id="D764EEE0017795B27FD9D94E01918D95" captionStart="Figures 81–89" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 81–89. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of 81, 84, 87 Ctonoxylon amanicum female 82, 85, 88 Ctonoxylon uniseriatum female, and 83, 86, 89 Ctonoxylon spinifer female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures81-89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057229">Figs 83</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="900B6AAEF57120E52DEF0849F9FD40AA" captionStart="Figures 81–89" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 81–89. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of 81, 84, 87 Ctonoxylon amanicum female 82, 85, 88 Ctonoxylon uniseriatum female, and 83, 86, 89 Ctonoxylon spinifer female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures81-89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057229">86</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E4E134EDECCA26191488EC34A0469F6D" captionStart="Figures 81–89" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 81–89. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of 81, 84, 87 Ctonoxylon amanicum female 82, 85, 88 Ctonoxylon uniseriatum female, and 83, 86, 89 Ctonoxylon spinifer female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures81-89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057229">89</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C4B4E7A257F112F13C9AD2375486E749" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="E7BF93530105BADA025F16F5D9B65FEE">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="4FD472E7C768DEFEDB47BCB53A64DE70">
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<treatmentCitation id="E4AE3270B03C1F446106FBB8461629D2" author="Eggers H" page="39" year="1920">
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<taxonomicName id="4F4410524E3423DFDF24BCD9B2EEF944" ID-CoL="3283Z" authority="Eggers, 1920: 39" authorityName="Eggers" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinifer">
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<emphasis id="F55C259669F4C87FC994AA50E42CEDCD" italics="true">Ctonoxylon spinifer</emphasis>
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<comment id="4EBBAE0DB8C8FA25977732045D2575A3">
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<bibRefCitation id="D2B03C17B267C8929AC5F9E667202C87" author="Eggers H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Blätter" pagination="33-45" refId="B2" refString="Eggers H (1920) 60 Neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, nebst zehn neuen Gattungen, zwei Abarten. (Fortsetzung). Entomologische Blatter 16: 33 - 45." title="60 Neue Borkenkäfer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, nebst zehn neuen Gattungen, zwei Abarten. (Fortsetzung)." volume="16" year="1920">Eggers, 1920: 39</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</comment>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="70812086EA6578E8E1F2C95CBD288C59">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="69B207D2FD14705A59FC50A981857A84">
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<treatmentCitation id="79D207253FCA9622E1880E4275E18E3E" author="Eggers H" page="39" year="1920">
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<taxonomicName id="53CF0668EBA1610CA6D101ABBE421E8D" ID-CoL="3283X" authority="Eggers, 1920: 39" authorityName="Eggers" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setifer" status="syn. nov.">
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<emphasis id="673863D52387B65FBCFF42E71F8A21DA" italics="true">Ctonoxylon setifer</emphasis>
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<comment id="E85C2CC9B0EA5A997B69662DB01DFEBB">
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<bibRefCitation id="93CBD5EAB4A4B3D12F9ACC6AB55B6C03" author="Eggers H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Blätter" pagination="33-45" refId="B2" refString="Eggers H (1920) 60 Neue Borkenkafer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, nebst zehn neuen Gattungen, zwei Abarten. (Fortsetzung). Entomologische Blatter 16: 33 - 45." title="60 Neue Borkenkäfer (Ipidae) aus Afrika, nebst zehn neuen Gattungen, zwei Abarten. (Fortsetzung)." volume="16" year="1920">Eggers, 1920: 39</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="EA526DA3DCD360186BCD9F767F0C472D">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</comment>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0ER3DI" type="Links">
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<paragraph id="3AE9A8E854725D4868AAB8E5AA3550EF">
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<heading id="6DFF66897CE5E34C45B874A76A67D68F" reason="title">Links.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A123EB5C2549F27753158A1271BA102">
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<ext-link id="37593A4DC975D3761DB04D70FB9967AD" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="https://www.barkbeetles.info/photos_target_species.php?lookUp=7983" xlink_type="simple">https://www.barkbeetles.info/photos_target_species.php?lookUp=7983</ext-link>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0E33DI" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="3B07D5F4C875BB915C54BE7C26783F68">
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<heading id="87A0D80E1E30B6DAA823E9B965952F8B" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="84052525931734B4F50687660386EE21">
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<materialsCitation id="9F988A8172927241A07EEF7067A55638" collectionCode="USNM, NHMW" collectorName="v. Rothkirch" country="Cameroon" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<emphasis id="595CC30D5D2840AA347C737B905C4B46" bold="true" italics="true">
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<typeStatus id="E3CE7136FE50BF9E2CDEB0DD05C83A8F" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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, male of
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<taxonomicName id="4C81EAB3F1A23F6AC90AA45FE0D7E243" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinifer">
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<emphasis id="6F7111D7C41118BCC40DB4DBA6EC1E18" italics="true">C. spinifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="78616048E9BABF7E9EBA6466A17DEA27" name="Cameroon">Kamerun</collectingCountry>
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, Soppo, 1912,
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<collectorName id="73E4F5AA3F0963500B9C4719B55BBDA7">v. Rothkirch</collectorName>
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leg. [
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<named-content id="199FF3C70BE570D10C7A88A7F6DB2F63" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/smithsonian-institution-national-museum-natural-history-0" xlink_title="National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., USA">
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<collectionCode id="98B482554307B1C1B0B1B75A648E04D0" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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</named-content>
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];
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<emphasis id="37145D0F5409DBD8AFE01D72FD45A4E4" bold="true" italics="true">
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<typeStatus id="E36BF8CAEAA6E6BFA5F7998940880094" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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, female, same data [
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<named-content id="CE036F4B53E1B0E0C7FDF656491CF6F0" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/naturhistorisches-museum-wien-0" xlink_title="Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria">
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<collectionCode id="04B86164D7ED163C6A1298516CF1E248" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
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</named-content>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="5AA7FC5759FEB0E0425D7F36040953B4" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Tanzania" location="Amani" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="527DD2B057A212668FFD9150E2A4BBAF" italics="true">
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<emphasis id="0C15E2191F5493FC7F1C5E189EB5020E" bold="true" italics="true">
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<typeStatus id="444361947D5637415D296506CC18E82B" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8DB3029DE80DC63F5024EE290316D415" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setifer">C. setifer</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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: [
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<collectingCountry id="30EBFC4B4EA064E8A331FCBBFFF1A309" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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]
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<location id="7A46258142C8DE435E6F69031BAF6751" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:17ED380A580250828897C93779E72F7B:7A46258142C8DE435E6F69031BAF6751" country="Tanzania" name="Amani">Amani</location>
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[lost];
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<emphasis id="75BA758751EA2479D8F5EF322B1B0E5D" bold="true" italics="true">
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<typeStatus id="78D29F2F66B5B2703D15C90CC381747D" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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[
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<named-content id="8D90E64340467ED02EF43C2D92A9A5F3" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/naturhistorisches-museum-wien-0" xlink_title="Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria">
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<collectionCode id="6514D723B25E3E45104693F16BA59F61" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
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</named-content>
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]
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EV5DI" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6803259644DB2109353CCC63F7EE735F">
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<heading id="A4DC3800EF4032A3DCB73B09565D9C26" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="34CED358516F717D4E5B0B24278ECA02">
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Length
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<quantity id="A9C0ABC7FEEB9C5ED7771B1F33CF77AE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.2" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.8 mm</quantity>
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. 2.2–2.3 × as long as broad; colour brown. Female frons sparsely punctured, lightly granulated with short erect setae; male frons flat, smooth, impunctate and glabrous on central third, with longer setae near eyes and epistoma; eye parts separated by the size of upper half; anterior lateral margin of prothorax with faint eye scraper, below this point with a short elongated groove near front of procoxa; propleural pit present above coxa; scutellar shield detached from elytra; elytral suture a little buckled at midlength; apex entire; interstrial vestiture of mainly regular rows of bristle-like erect setae, interstrial punctures on both disc and declivity dense, distinct; posterior metaventrite with unusually broad and long setae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0E15DI" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="F319D3C83737C3A5ACAC60646480C40F">
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<heading id="36D961E82D0907858DA5373C445E8F28" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="905CC11DCB82DE6F3B286D6AFC06C9D4">
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Burkino Faso (new country record),
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<collectingCountry id="BE6B9E01D17CB826D4828E6D6DBEEBCA" name="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
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,
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|
|
<collectingCountry id="F18405386810C163F03012AC69E27A9F" name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="8F814FAC69A49AC35D524869B28F2C93" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="EEF25A8C81DDEAD4469064F729B48E22" name="Kenya">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="D4499E91CCDE257D4E75E8F39645B187" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F817015FA24C0B51A12465F4FD6E3248" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
(new country record).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="SECID0E65DI" type="New records">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="AA2631D67F96A860CED99809FD713A40">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="7881514E9996FA739683C5A3DB23DA6C" reason="title">New records.</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="24F615E7F2DF69AE8FE6EF117DEDF7F6">
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="AEB1DBCBAA2ED9376FAE340B9EF7BC09" name="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, Foret de Boulon [
|
|||
|
|
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EI6DI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-4.510000,10.343000]}">
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="A2B68E5B1AD19CD3BD4553F6DF9EC462" degrees="10.343" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="10.343">10.343</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="843CB2BE8B5C35EA83F70577DAA4A9AF" degrees="4.510" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-4.51">- 4.510</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
],
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="35FCEF3CCDB48E64BFAB3D2AC188BE5A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="m" value="270.0">270 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
, piege interception (1), piege limeneux (1),
|
|||
|
|
<date id="0A2B30647A5FCCA5374EDBE8CEC82586" value="2006-07-09">9. 7. 2006</date>
|
|||
|
|
, F. Genier, leg. [
|
|||
|
|
<named-content id="FC7705C1A551571595243A0E4B293740" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/canadian-museum-nature-3" xlink_title="Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="04AD34C79E14541035B413AE4F600726">CMNC</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="A9E67A90DA9763035DEBC2FF4E22E897" name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, Adamoua,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="FC7E52C7635886F2022687C704771BBD" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
S. Minim [
|
|||
|
|
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EV6DI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[12.520000,6.490000]}">6.49, 12.52</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
],
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="7C4A1699AB75FC0F30F12302046A2899" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
alt.,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="147CFFB7D98705C33C9E3598C52CECFD" value="1982-03-08">8. 3. 1982</date>
|
|||
|
|
, Flacke & Nagel, leg. [1,
|
|||
|
|
<named-content id="92DFECCA1689E5530799C34776E860BC" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/zoologisches-forschungsmuseum-alexander-koenig" xlink_title="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum “Alexander Koenig”, Bonn, Germany">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="A9EC10E4AB75B18E6082BA85044DC01D" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" type="Museum">ZFMK</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="A72CF121D72ADDFCCC0EA01D269D2B15" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, Udzungwa National Park HQ, Mang’ula [GIS:
|
|||
|
|
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EDAAK" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[36.880000,-7.845000]}">
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="2C0B8382D09AFCD6FC945DEA798B5FF5" degrees="7.845" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-7.845">- 7.845</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="76574AB289496C65AEC21C34C726E26D" degrees="36.880" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="36.88">36.880</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
],
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="E1C9B122EB068CCBAF893DE2A90BCF82" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
alt., ex liana,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="918EFA3DF74A805E524333627431573E" value="2009-11-09">9. 11. 2009</date>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<date id="4EC5C89ADA9D288561BD1186C35EF812" value="2010-06-29">29. 6. 2010</date>
|
|||
|
|
, B. Jordal, leg.; Mang’ula [GIS:
|
|||
|
|
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ELAAK" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[36.883000,-7.850000]}">
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="3889735EBF983A16E68738D3F7656CB3" degrees="7.850" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-7.85">- 7.850</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="A07C1886C54444507E02C8D94D1F8610" degrees="36.883" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="36.883">36.883</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
], ex liana,
|
|||
|
|
<date id="E2E791F72397D20CEE89E4A89848CDA4" value="2009-11-14">14. 11. 2009</date>
|
|||
|
|
, B. Jordal, leg. [
|
|||
|
|
<named-content id="8429F70CFE478B110FD6C938A74E2D98" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museum-zoology-university-bergen-vertebrate-collections" xlink_title="University Museum of Bergen, Norway">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="3DBB9A42A9E433096D8A6D84BB5C833E" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" type="">ZMUB</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<collectingRegion id="E2C0A9D659D139DD796F574108F3AC65" country="Tanzania" name="Morogoro">Morogoro</collectingRegion>
|
|||
|
|
, Kimboza Forest Reserve [
|
|||
|
|
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EYAAK" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[37.806000,-7.023000]}">
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="95E6597CA23774710E930151A30D9E98" degrees="7.023" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-7.023">- 7.023</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="16BE7F0E6EACF498EF7727CF5B110C59" degrees="37.806" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="37.806">37.806</geoCoordinate>
|
|||
|
|
</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
], S. S. Madoffe, leg. [1,
|
|||
|
|
<named-content id="BF2BB53F5B54F6E650B49D79D7BC18F1" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London, UK">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="3B369F5499081C1CE3C9B05C4A09CBB9" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
];
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="3B817579389D7F190766F749F5B65020" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
, Reserve speciale de l’Ankarana,
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="6F54E724870741C2CD7DF757C4843566" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.29" unit="km" value="22.9">22.9 km</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
SW Anivoran [
|
|||
|
|
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EFBAK" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[49.160000,-12.930000]}">- 12.93, 49.16</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
], B. Fischer, leg. [1,
|
|||
|
|
<named-content id="E7C3C04DCE1911462F94EE17A5CCC3EB" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/california-academy-sciences" xlink_title="California Academy of Science, San Francisco, USA">
|
|||
|
|
<collectionCode id="8602A47D081149A3AB9638EEA29E0DD3" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
|
|||
|
|
</named-content>
|
|||
|
|
].
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPBAK" type="biology">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="92A09F98B0AE6D6C7CC9EC172F3381C5">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="1737AE422F300A09D4CA7ED2186DE1CD" reason="title">Biology.</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="8E22DB2AC2BF65C43D8DAD34B1152A70">Specimens were dissected from the pith of thin lianas, 0.6–1.0 cm diameter, still exuding latex.</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUBAK" type="comments">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="D9F42F1FE24AD9C9A2509BC33D4CEA7B">
|
|||
|
|
<heading id="D04B783AD3E6201C5144444C68BA7B10" reason="title">Comments.</heading>
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="07047A22D52EACBCDF1354FD1DD72F1C">
|
|||
|
|
The co-types (
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="B0170434E68EEE32FD7385F88BDFDEA0" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
) of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="04C456A734D73EA3828087DF885702D6" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinifer">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="1D6FBA6909981DB9823444B966C5FFE8" italics="true">C. spinifer</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are identical to those of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83A30A54B51BAD1EAF6D18F46EA0B75C" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setifer">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="3BDBC9614D1568EC32164F48A8539852" italics="true">C. setifer</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Because the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="85D845B013C372F4B4FA340D47F6CDCB" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="36C361D3585179414243472E6585610B" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setifer">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="6CDD9702F63803B7445D125FD88D53DE" italics="true">C. setifer</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is lost, and using the principle of first reviser, the name
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F8704B98990DB659EDFA12E9D77E84B6" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinifer">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="2C5D898445ACAAE842253FC5BADFF1E9" italics="true">spinifer</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is given priority. Eggers’ descriptions are very similar and not useful to distinguish specimens. There is some variation within series of various other collections, particularly in the regularity of interstrial rows of setae but this variation follows no predictable pattern. This species is very similar to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="12AA4388BBAEE5259307108BEE5F0688" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniseriatum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AC988DB7601BC428FB9BED84FB377906" italics="true">C. uniseriatum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
but differs by the erect interstrial setae, particularly on the declivity where setae are not directed sideways as in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="174012297B8564DED1FDCC84130A845E" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniseriatum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="E9C1577A4A781C018042C2A17133562A" italics="true">uniseriatum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, by the densely placed interstrial punctures, and in males also by the less inflated upper central frons. Genetic data supported a sister relationship to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="08ED6B365550D480CC17431F5EA6A261" authorityName="Hagedorn" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amanicum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="1AAB0B373A2FC334F03BD4CC9190BFDB" italics="true">C. amanicum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
instead of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABBE9C2219E6826D972EF859D1BD95D0" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniseriatum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="BAD3EAE1B77B0C4626396765FFD85E2B" italics="true">C. uniseriatum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(Fig.
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="87A8B0F8444089BAFDF595DDD47AE558" captionStart="Figures 10–11" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 10–11. Phylogeny of Ctonoxylon. Node support is given as posterior probabilities above and parsimony bootstrap values below nodes 10 tree topology resulting from the parsimony analysis of 14 morphological characters for all species using implied weighting (Goloboff et al. 2018) 11 partial tree topology redrawn from a previously published Bayesian tree topology based on 1958 nucleotide position from three gene fragments (Jordal 2023). Species found in Madagascar marked in purple." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures10-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057220">11</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="F3C977664564E0FE59FE6013A14151F8">
|
|||
|
|
A single specimen is recorded from near the north-west coast of
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="0F041BF7CC30094B783D989AC947D31A" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
. This is not too surprising given the broad Afrotropical distribution of this species.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|