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<document id="8890E32E78E6041DD6DF58F19B882AEA" ENCODING="UTF8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="136d3827-356b-46c9-9e34-e1b560619de6" ID-HNS-Pub="6757" ModsDocAuthor="Brown, WL Jr.," ModsDocDate="1978" ModsDocID="6757" ModsDocOrigin="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/6757/6757.pdf" ModsDocTitle="Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography." checkinTime="1378920127982" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Brown, WL Jr.," docDate="1978" docId="8060AEDC6143F7F44E8B91DE11EF88D9" docLanguage="en" docName="6757.xml" docOrigin="Studia Entomologica 20" docSource="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/6757/6757.pdf" docTitle="Anochetus gladiator" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="575" masterDocId="6195622D95A73D1D80B80D4635AA90CB" masterDocTitle="Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography." masterLastPageNumber="638" masterPageNumber="549" pageNumber="574" updateTime="1694044870025" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="4D84308F2FDD00C1FA09045C8F0E2E8E">Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F94B2C1C7203725EDF5EF6DF53F767A9">Brown, WL Jr.,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="02DF473267B60695DC7FE63DB11C8BA7">Studia Entomologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9387E2FEFF91BF48AB8DEBEEC0973A8F">1978</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="362FCFD5F5B2DB1B7CEC1F74F838D577" type="volume">
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<mods:classification id="30EF8BE85A20DD70E7FBF6CA93B48DE6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="8060AEDC6143F7F44E8B91DE11EF88D9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6284089" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100103682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6284089" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8060AEDC6143F7F44E8B91DE11EF88D9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8060AEDC6143F7F44E8B91DE11EF88D9" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="575" pageId="25" pageNumber="574">
<subSubSection id="F110A73A9F8F2FD589E05D776A326EB9" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1D3A3CB889F379B2EC0B5733C60FD952" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" type="mainText">
[1]
<taxonomicName id="0633ED0683473C5B994F30785F358B9F" ID-CoL="5V3Y2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus gladiator (Mayr)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">Anochetus gladiator</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1E3886151173AA542C98329DBD90CEE" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="575" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CD04C0D048DC4F6FE93AD79ABD9A5E66" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" type="mainText">
The nomenclature of
<taxonomicName id="23E23A2E3FDF8C71EC4F79092A46D437" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anochetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Anochetus gladiator (Mayr)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">A. gladiator</taxonomicName>
has caused trouble since Frederick Smith confused it with his
<taxonomicName id="E3261A6E03DC3FB0DAD9AFDF14BFC35E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33025" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tyrannicus">Odontomachus tyrannicus</taxonomicName>
in 1862 (not 1859). He apparently noticed the mistake early, and labeled certain of his specimens as
<taxonomicName id="98B7DC929373D18E544EE8F7378559D0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133653" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus gladiator Donisthorpe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">O. gladiator</taxonomicName>
, including some later sent to other collections. Mayr and Roger evidently had such specimens, and
<bibRefCitation id="54C095F4C02D7C470AE69FFA471E97AC" author="Mayr, G. L." journalOrPublisher="Verh. Zool. - Bot. Ges. Wien" pagination="649 - 776" part="12" refId="ref50251" refString="Mayr, G. L., 1862, Myrmecologische Studien. Verh. Zool. - Bot. Ges. Wien, 12: 649 - 776, pi. 19." title="Myrmecologische Studien" type="journal article" year="1862">Mayr (1862: 712)</bibRefCitation>
listed &quot;
<taxonomicName id="05144A7FBB1607A6444B8658B998FD00" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133652" authorityName="Smith" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Stenomyrmex gladiator Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">S. gladiator Smith</taxonomicName>
&quot; as one of the two included species in his then
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4015763C7C41BEB0C6ADF2BC930F940D" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="F5A2D7872C5A2F661B34E23282FACB71" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147245" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Stenomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stenomyrmex</taxonomicName>
, remarking of it, &quot;Von Herrn Smith in meiner Sammlung aus Mysol in Australasien&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="65FCFD45E0556051238610165F738470" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="575" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" type="mainText">
In 1863, Roger listed in his catalog (p. 21) an
<taxonomicName id="27C12F2C7FFB9CADB469344BF7351D42" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133650" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus smithii Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">Odontomachus smithii</taxonomicName>
as a replacement name for the
<taxonomicName id="C106DF76A055BE2E27FFBAF6398B1263" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33025" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tyrannicus">O. tyrannicus</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="A37D77E7CC263B76CE0DB52FBD8FD3CC" author="Smith, F." journalOrPublisher="J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool." pagination="36 - 66" part="6" refId="ref51445" refString="- 1862 a (1861), Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Wallace at Ceram, Celebes, Ternate and Gilolo. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., 6: 36 - 66." title="Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Wallace at Ceram, Celebes, Ternate and Gilolo" type="journal article" year="1862">Smith 1862</bibRefCitation>
, not 1859, and in the same year,
<bibRefCitation id="8A0D4FD61ED3B1F6A632707878C08D3B" author="Mayr, G. L." journalOrPublisher="Verh. Zool. - Bot. Ges. Wien" pagination="385 - 460" part="13" refId="ref50284" refString="- 1863, Formicidarum Index synonymicus. Verh. Zool. - Bot. Ges. Wien, 13: 385 - 460." title="Formicidarum Index synonymicus" type="journal article" year="1863">Mayr (1863: 454)</bibRefCitation>
published a brief but formal description of
<taxonomicName id="01B1EFDFF78EB0FF222B957DDE03AD6B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133652" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Stenomyrmex gladiator Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">Stenomyrmex gladiator</taxonomicName>
&quot;Sm. in litt.&quot; from Mysol. I have expended much effort trying to find out which of the
<pageBreakToken id="50B62CDA950CBF2A12502E820AEF8F6B" pageId="26" pageNumber="575" start="start">two</pageBreakToken>
1863 papers, both synonymic lists of the ants described up to that time, was published first during that year,
<normalizedToken id="E023AB905DFF47C7ABAC6B3CF4A9A337" originalValue="Roger’s" pageId="26" pageNumber="575">Roger's</normalizedToken>
or
<normalizedToken id="3D61636B58A774815B13E790C339DA51" originalValue="Mayr’s" pageId="26" pageNumber="575">Mayr's</normalizedToken>
. Dr. Max Fischer of the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna has also gone to some trouble on my accqunt to try to determine the exact dates of these papers. The results of our researches, without going into the tiresome details (mostly evidence internal to the articles themselves and the volumes in which they were published) were not conclusive, although it seems most likely that
<normalizedToken id="97C8D1ECD60F7E1BD52A76D5B2111305" originalValue="Roger’s" pageId="26" pageNumber="575">Roger's</normalizedToken>
paper appeared first. If this were true, we would have
<taxonomicName id="567D202292BF884C64CF9FE423F21154" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133650" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus smithii Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithii">Odontomachus smithii</taxonomicName>
as the prior name for the species, which would be unfortunate, because the name
<taxonomicName id="3738014D0A41C8F4D18A0F76C3E51D73" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133653" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus gladiator Donisthorpe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">gladiator</taxonomicName>
has much more frequently been applied to it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A5A550377C21D028C15F739527B354FC" pageId="26" pageNumber="575" type="mainText">
Happily, a rereading of the 1862 reference of Mayr now reveals a solution to the problem that will allow us to reserve priority for the name
<taxonomicName id="85A674ABFCFEAE3D6EE3765DB31AB700" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133653" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus gladiator Donisthorpe" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">gladiator</taxonomicName>
. Although Mayr himself, as well as later authors, regarded the 1862
<taxonomicName id="6E1EDE5833E2A42F8AD4893B7FBF6023" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133652" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Stenomyrmex gladiator Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">Stenomyrmex gladiator</taxonomicName>
as without a description, and therefore a nomen nudum, the context of that entry can reasonably be held to furnish descriptive material that applies unequivocally to the
<taxonomicName id="637443B93A092928F3F682EF8E838BF5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133652" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Stenomyrmex gladiator Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">S. gladiator</taxonomicName>
combination. On page 711 of
<bibRefCitation id="38231F9B5E724BD261A4ED9D402FE904" author="Mayr, G. L." journalOrPublisher="Verh. Zool. - Bot. Ges. Wien" pagination="649 - 776" part="12" refId="ref50251" refString="Mayr, G. L., 1862, Myrmecologische Studien. Verh. Zool. - Bot. Ges. Wien, 12: 649 - 776, pi. 19." title="Myrmecologische Studien" type="journal article" year="1862">
<normalizedToken id="777F1A89DFCE8FA037C68FDBD4D4C138" originalValue="Mayr’s" pageId="26" pageNumber="575">Mayr's</normalizedToken>
1862
</bibRefCitation>
paper appears the beginning of the diagnosis of his &quot;
<taxonomicName id="6781E1028730ECACA8DCBC8A9B419486" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147245" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Stenomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="n.g.">Stenomyrmex</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="85D6BE7A038AD0C74FA007F774F45E02" pageId="26" pageNumber="575" rank="genus">n.g.</taxonomicNameLabel>
&quot;. This continues on the top of page 712; the diagnosis concludes, &quot;Das Stielchen
<normalizedToken id="A2D5E6CD6421759756F272735AAE7041" originalValue="trägt" pageId="26" pageNumber="575">traegt</normalizedToken>
einen dicken oder
<normalizedToken id="A029ED8CB51B7072846AC9B898584317" originalValue="dünnen" pageId="26" pageNumber="575">duennen</normalizedToken>
Kegel, der oben in einen Dorn endet oder
<normalizedToken id="6B5D1C87CE8B100E31F1EF6191E31915" originalValue="Zweizähnig" pageId="26" pageNumber="575">Zweizaehnig</normalizedToken>
ist&quot;. Mayr includes only two species in his genus:
<taxonomicName id="9B560A83EA8A713231D242592E2469D0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:187782" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Stenomyrmex emarginatus (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">S. emarginatus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="404B23523001958C9E6CC70FCAD19100" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133652" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Stenomyrmex gladiator Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">S. gladiator</taxonomicName>
. It is clear that the generic diagnosis applies to both species except for the part about the petiole; 5.
<taxonomicName id="8AE57C18E1E2FF28CF3B4ABDD65F409B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:187782" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Stenomyrmex emarginatus (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">emarginatus</taxonomicName>
has the
<normalizedToken id="ED45F964A7C419A3A33792635820F795" originalValue="«zweizähnig»" pageId="26" pageNumber="575">&quot;zweizaehnig&quot;</normalizedToken>
node, and the node of
<taxonomicName id="4369E2EFF2843BBCCF39D121457F90AA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133652" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Stenomyrmex gladiator Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">S. gladiator</taxonomicName>
(fig. 27) is the one ending in the
<normalizedToken id="BC15381EC0B6FBB1F22E0536C11CB807" originalValue="«Dorn»" pageId="26" pageNumber="575">&quot;Dorn&quot;</normalizedToken>
. This, then, is the original description, and Mayr is the author of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B961F23867B6E79C2250C017C1041CA" pageId="26" pageNumber="575" type="mainText">
<bibRefCitation id="43AB49096E20C97EB84DCEE42929894A" author="Donisthorpe, H." journalOrPublisher="Ann. Mag. Natur. Hist." pagination="441 - 476" part="10" refId="ref47065" refString="Donisthorpe, H., 1932, On the identity of Smith's types of Formicidae (Hymenoptera) collected by Alfred Russell Wallace in the Malay Archipelago, with descriptions of two new species. Ann. Mag. Natur. Hist., (10) 10: 441 - 476." title="On the identity of Smith's types of Formicidae (Hymenoptera) collected by Alfred Russell Wallace in the Malay Archipelago, with descriptions of two new species" type="journal article" year="1932">Donisthorpe (1932: 467)</bibRefCitation>
named this species again, but fortunately he used the label name
<taxonomicName id="CC60E4543F9F16FEB1B94E4C20117006" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:133652" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Stenomyrmex gladiator Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladiator">gladiator</taxonomicName>
that he found on
<normalizedToken id="FF028AF93D7729672945D3448865C12E" originalValue="Smith’s" pageId="26" pageNumber="575">Smith's</normalizedToken>
(British Museum) specimen, so the name falls harmlessly as both a synonym and a homonym.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9566B59B4710DEC069CC307B9BA02917" pageId="26" pageNumber="575" type="mainText">Smith originally had samples collected by Wallace in northern Celebes and on the island of Mysol. I collected this striking species again in northern Celebes in wet forest on the lower slopes of Mt. Klabat. The nest contained approximately 50 workers and was made in a rotten stump at about 500 m elevation. Another small colony came from a rotten branch lying on the forest floor of a steep slope at Silea, 28 km west of Kendari, southeastern Celebes.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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