<documentID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052"ID-GBIF-Dataset="348e46a4-8819-4e3c-b4b9-b5e88bee10d7"ID-PMC="PMC8238928"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1046-1"ID-Pensoft-UUID="DBC42C98E4DA5074B86525CF2FB2FA64"ID-PubMed="34239337"ID-ZooBank="66E61C4EFAFE45DE9145DB38199BDEC3"ModsDocID="1313-2970-1046-1"checkinTime="1624307367557"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Jordaens, Kurt, Goergen, Georg, Skevington, Jeffrey H., Kelso, Scott & Meyer, Marc De"docDate="2021"docId="251C351C606C5B46884DCE570E23B925"docLanguage="en"docName="ZooKeys 1046: 1-141"docOrigin="ZooKeys 1046"docPubDate="2021-06-21"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052"docTitle="Mesembrius rex Curran 1927"docType="treatment"docVersion="5"id="DBC42C98E4DA5074B86525CF2FB2FA64"lastPageNumber="1"masterDocId="DBC42C98E4DA5074B86525CF2FB2FA64"masterDocTitle="Revision of the Afrotropical species of the hover fly genus Mesembrius Rondani (Diptera, Syrphidae) using morphological and molecular data"masterLastPageNumber="141"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="1"updateTime="1732487030840"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="76FE3D9FDB6698928A246A6E9DE07F5B">Revision of the Afrotropical species of the hover fly genus Mesembrius Rondani (Diptera, Syrphidae) using morphological and molecular data</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="7D7B142A5C3DFEA22AC9BBF2F405619F">Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B- 3080 Tervuren, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="ABF8C06CD777897A8C54A5520E927652">International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Biodiversity Centre, 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal, Cotonou, Benin</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="BA0E46DD35DA630BCCB41996F1F081D1">Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K. W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K 1 A 0 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="100B17A989BC4119515789D027D2BDA6">Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K. W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K 1 A 0 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="2030FE428B6D5C79F94960F3D9AC0115">Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B- 3080 Tervuren, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="874EF5B2EAA612A92C7020E05B8F9E9B"ID-CoL="8CTB4"LSID="251C351C-606C-5B46-884D-CE570E23B925"authority="Curran, 1927"authorityName="Curran"authorityYear="1927"class="Insecta"family="Syrphidae"genus="Mesembrius"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Mesembrius rex"order="Diptera"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="species"species="rex">Mesembrius rex Curran, 1927</taxonomicName>
<figureCitationid="C0F457954517D7C1B34091646D28D476"captionStart="Figures 19, 20"captionStartId="F10"captionText="Figures 19, 20. 19 Mesembrius spp., habitus, lateral view. M. rex Curran (♂) 20 M. senegalensis (Macquart) (♂)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052.figures19-20"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557471"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">Figs 19</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="0167D68E0F250A7E98E9E77AAB3A9C21"captionStart="Figures 39, 40"captionStartId="F20"captionText="Figures 39, 40. Mesembrius spp., habitus, lateral view 39 M. rex Curran (♀) 40 M. senegalensis (Macquart) (♀)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052.figures39-40"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557481"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 39</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="A6AEEEA94260640B379293331859D010"captionStart="Figures 58–63"captionStartId="F26"captionText="Figures 58 - 63. Mesembrius spp., head, frontal view 58 M. nigriceps Curran (♂) 59 M. perforatus (Speiser) (♂) 60 M. platytarsis Curran syn. nov. (♂) 61 M. regulus (Hull) (♂) 62 M. rex Curran (♂) 63 M. senegalensis (Macquart) (♂)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052.figures58-63"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557487"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 62</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="C5B5AB7CBFDDD277300D1C9518AD0332"captionStart="Figures 75–78"captionStartId="F29"captionText="Figures 75 - 78. Mesembrius spp., head, frontal view 75 M. platytarsis Curran syn. nov. (♀) 76 M. regulus (Hull) (♂) 77 M. rex Curran (♂) 78 M. senegalensis (Macquart) (♂)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052.figures75-78"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557490"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 77</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="3690EAEFECD69CC079CDD1F2AA6BC968"captionStart="Figures 95–100"captionStartId="F33"captionText="Figures 95 - 100. Mesembrius spp., abdomen, dorsal view 95 M. nigriceps Curran (♂) 96 M. perforatus (Speiser) (♂) 97 M. platytarsis Curran syn. nov. (♂) 98 M. regulus (Hull) (♂) 99 M. rex Curran (♂) 100 M. senegalensis (Macquart) (♂)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052.figures95-100"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557494"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 99</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="7F331B213175B0CED5CD6FB776F152C1"captionStart="Figures 119–123"captionStartId="F37"captionText="Figures 119 - 123. Mesembrius spp., abdomen, dorsal view 119 M. regulus (Hull) (♀) 120 M. rex Curran (♀) 121 M. senegalensis (Macquart) (♀) 122 M. simplicipes Curran (♀) 123 M. strigilatus (Bezzi) (♀)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052.figures119-123"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557498"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 120</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="083422BC7E059D5D11F3EA36CC046A3A"captionStart="Figures 143–146"captionStartId="F43"captionText="Figures 143 - 146. Mesembrius spp., right wing 143 M. rex Curran (♂) 144 M. senegalensis (Macquart) (♂) 145 M. simplicipes Curran (♂) 146 M. strigilatus (Bezzi) (♂)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052.figures143-146"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557504"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 143</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="F724360F72E172D46EA8A75A4C749785"captionStart="Figures 151–154"captionStartId="F45"captionText="Figures 151 - 154. Mesembrius, proleg, dorsal view 151 M. chapini Curran (♂) 152 M. perforatus (Speiser) (♂) 153 M. regulus (Hull) (♂) 154 M. rex Curran (♂). Abbreviations: bt-basitarsus, fem-femur, tib-tibia."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052.figures151-154"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557506"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 154</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="383B8C883FAF79154A7C7B81E406CAAB"captionStart="Figures 166–171"captionStartId="F49"captionText="Figures 166 - 171. Mesembrius spp., proleg, dorsal view 166 M. simplicipes Curran (♂) 167 M. platytarsis Curran syn. nov. (♂) 168 M. tarsatus (Bigot) (♀) 169 M. chapini Curran (♀) 170 M. rex Curran (♀) 171 M. regulus (Hull) (♀). Abbreviations: bt-basitarsus, fem-femur, tib-tibia."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052.figures166-171"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557509"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 170</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="F75703708EC483D111F929F48E714792"captionStart="Figures 181–184"captionStartId="F52"captionText="Figures 181 - 184. Mesembrius spp., mesoleg, dorsal view 181 M. senegalensis (Macquart) (♂) 182 M. caffer (Loew) (♂). Metaleg, posterior view 183 M. regulus (Hull) (♀) 184 M. rex Curran (♀). Abbreviations: bt-basitarsus, fem-femur, tib-tibia."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052.figures181-184"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557512"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 184</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="069DBBF1D9B2B1EC5404FEC1CDB67EA3"captionStart="Figures 217–228"captionStartId="F59"captionText="Figures 217 - 228. Mesembrius spp., male genitalia, lateral view 217 M. nigriceps Curran 218 M. perforatus (Speiser) 219 M. platytarsis Curran syn. nov. 220 M. regulus (Hull) 221 M. rex Curran 222 M. senegalensis (Macquart) 223 M. simplicipes Curran 224 M. strigilatus (Bezzi) 225 M. sulcus sp. nov. 226 M. tarsatus (Bigot) 227 M. tibialis sp. nov. 228 M. vockerothi sp. nov."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052.figures217-228"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557519"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 221</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="3E98A6992B0F4578D147BDDE677BB6A0"author="Curran, CH"journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="1 - 11"publicationUrl="http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/2208/N1010.pdf?sequence=1"refId="B12"refString="Curran, CH, 1939. Records and descriptions of African Syrphidae III (Diptera). American Museum Novitates 1025: 1 - 11, http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/2208/N1010.pdf?sequence=1"title="Records and descriptions of African Syrphidae III (Diptera)."url="http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/2208/N1010.pdf?sequence=1"volume="1025"year="1939">Curran (1939)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="FC869AABE9E82F7E9CEF2CB187722251"author="Smith, KGV"editor="Crosskey, RW"journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="488 - 510"refId="B49"refString="Smith, KGV, Vockeroth, JR, 1980. 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey, RW, Ed., Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 488 - 510"title="38. Family Syrphidae."volumeTitle="Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region."year="1980">Smith and Vockeroth (1980)</bibRefCitation>
males have an entirely black apical pile brush on the profemur, a metatibia with a row of> 10 short, widely spaced black spines (without spines or with dense pile in other species). The metatibia has one deep depression on the posterior side (three in
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<materialsCitationid="BBC20AA6320F0193FEDD1DB96F75F874"collectingDate="1935-10"collectorName="J. Ghesquiere"country="Democratic Republic of the Congo"location="Eala"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1">
<locationid="17AE661AD30A114F96C3EE156F76A073"LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:251C351C606C5B46884DCE570E23B925:17AE661AD30A114F96C3EE156F76A073"country="Democratic Republic of the Congo"name="Eala">Eala</location>
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). Eyes bare; holoptic, eye contiguity approximately as long as the length of the ocellar triangle. Face yellow with dark medial vitta; white pilose; white pollinose. Frontal triangle short, black, with a few long, black pile; white pollinose on dorsal half; vertical triangle black, black pilose, yellow pollinose on lower half. Distance between lateral ocellus and eye margin less than 1/2 width of ocellus. Frontal prominence shiny black with orange-brown apex. Occiput black; yellow pilose, with black pile interspersed dorsally; yellow and white pollinose. Antenna, scape and pedicel black; postpedicel brown; antennal arista orange-brown.
Scutum black with, dorsally, one pair of grey pollinose vittae; lateral vitta faint, not well-demarcated; pile, especially on the anterior half yellow, but with some black pile interspersed; pile on posterior half very short. Scutellum black in anterior 1/3, brown in middle 1/3, white-yellow in posterior 1/3, with long yellow and shorter black pile. Metasternum with very long, strongly curved golden pile.
): Femur black; dorsoventrally flattened; with an apical pile brush of long, black pile dorsally and long, yellow pile ventrally. Tibia orange-brown; with very long, yellow pile on anteroventral side. Basitarsus orange; with a tuft of orange pile on posterior side. Other tarsi very broad; orange; becoming shorter distally; most distal tarsal segment white. Mesoleg: Femur dark brown; with long yellow pile dorsally, except for black pile on dorsal 1/5. Tibia orange-brown; proximal half strongly compressed. Basitarsus orange-brown. Other tarsi dark brown. Metaleg (Fig.
): Coxa with long yellow pile on anteroventrally. Femur long and slender; chocolate-brown; ventrally with a row of> 10 short, widely spaced black spines in the proximal 2/3; with denser, black spines on posterior 1/3; pile otherwise yellow and loose. Tibia orange-brown; with a deep invagination in the proximal 1/3 posteriorly which is bordered with long, black pile ventrally; remainder of ventral side with dense, black pile. Tarsi orange-brown.
<figureCitationid="634DECE021883C9A7CED0CD65370DDA6"captionStart="Figures 143–146"captionStartId="F43"captionText="Figures 143 - 146. Mesembrius spp., right wing 143 M. rex Curran (♂) 144 M. senegalensis (Macquart) (♂) 145 M. simplicipes Curran (♂) 146 M. strigilatus (Bezzi) (♂)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052.figures143-146"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557504"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">143</figureCitation>
). Tergite II with a pair of large, yellow rounded maculae; black markings hourglass-shaped, white pollinose on posterior end; yellow and black pilose, but black pile more conspicuous in posterior part of black marking. Tergite III with broad yellow fascia and a triangular black marking on posterior half which is strongly white pollinose and covered with short, black spines; yellow pilose otherwise. Tergite IV with large triangular posterior black marking; otherwise yellow with strong white pollinosity.
<figureCitationid="83E9A404DD3C99154CBBD6782C997FC7"captionStart="Figures 217–228"captionStartId="F59"captionText="Figures 217 - 228. Mesembrius spp., male genitalia, lateral view 217 M. nigriceps Curran 218 M. perforatus (Speiser) 219 M. platytarsis Curran syn. nov. 220 M. regulus (Hull) 221 M. rex Curran 222 M. senegalensis (Macquart) 223 M. simplicipes Curran 224 M. strigilatus (Bezzi) 225 M. sulcus sp. nov. 226 M. tarsatus (Bigot) 227 M. tibialis sp. nov. 228 M. vockerothi sp. nov."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1046.57052.figures217-228"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557519"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">221</figureCitation>
). Epandrium: Dorsal lobe of surstylus short, broadly rounded, with short, black spines on almost entire surface; long brown pilose dorsally. Ventral lobe of surstylus straight; bare.
, but with the following differences: Pro- and mesotibia yellow pilose, with only short black pile on posterior side of mesotibia; protarsus chocolate-brown, concolourous with protibia (Fig.
<paragraphid="33DB52B4A6EA3BBF2315927158E6860D"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">The male has a set of unambiguous character states mentioned in the original description and cannot be confused with any other species of the genus. The specimens we have studied correspond with the photographs of the type and are, therefore, considered to be conspecific. Until now, the species was only known from the male holotype. We here report on the first females, which we matched with the males through DNA barcoding. The species seems rare throughout a large part of the Afrotropical Region and seems absent from southern Africa.</paragraph>
