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<mods:title id="D07A53C92455BC43114BE85F223D2F6A">Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="8ACCB1C7FFC0B34F44D1FD1ECA7909DD" authority="(Stimpson, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,639,727,753]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Spirontocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prionota">
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<emphasis id="7FB81656FFC0B34F44D1FD1EC9A109DD" bold="true" box="[151,423,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Spirontocaris prionota</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F45F0FD1ECA7109DD" author="Stimpson, W." box="[438,631,727,753]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="153 - 161" refId="ref237334" refString="Stimpson, W. (1864) Descriptions of new species of marine invertebrates from Puget Sound, collected by the naturalists of the North-west Boundary Commission, A. H., Campbell, Esp. Commissioner. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (1864), 16, 153 - 161." type="journal article" year="1864">Stimpson, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
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(
<figureCitation id="D5F7D6C1FFC0B34F44D9FD33C903083E" box="[159,261,762,786]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1724,1747]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,198,1701]" captionTargetId="figure-148@93.[151,1436,193,1703]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 23. Family Thoridae. A, Spirontocaris holmesi Holthuis, 1947; carapace and frontal region in lateral view. B, Spirontocaris lamellicornis (Dana, 1852a); female. C, Spirontocaris prionota (Stimpson, 1864). D, Spirontocaris sica Rathbun, 1902; carapace and frontal region in lateral view. E, Spirontocaris snyderi Rathbun, 1902; carapace. F, G, Spirontocaris truncata Rathbun, 1902; F, lateral view; G, detail of first pereopod. Scales: C = 1 mm, A, D, E = 2 mm, F = 2.5 mm, B = 10 mm. B from photograph by Word 1983, C from Hayashi 1977, E from Schmitt 1921, F from Wicksten 1984." pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 23C</figureCitation>
, Pl. 1F)
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="8ACCB1C7FFC0B34F44D1FC8BCA350874" authority="Stimpson, 1864: 153" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityPageNumber="153" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,563,834,856]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Hippolyte" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prionota">
<emphasis id="7FB81656FFC0B34F44D1FC8BC95E0874" box="[151,344,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Hippolyte prionota</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F4518FC8BCA350874" author="Stimpson, W." box="[350,563,834,856]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="153 - 161" refId="ref237334" refString="Stimpson, W. (1864) Descriptions of new species of marine invertebrates from Puget Sound, collected by the naturalists of the North-west Boundary Commission, A. H., Campbell, Esp. Commissioner. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (1864), 16, 153 - 161." type="journal article" year="1864">Stimpson, 1864: 153</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="4D73CA44FFC0B34F44D1FCA8CC9E08FF" blockId="92.[151,1437,834,979]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName id="8ACCB1C7FFC0B34F44D1FCA8C97A085B" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,380,865,887]" class="Malacostraca" family="Hippolytidae" genus="Spirontocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prionota">
<emphasis id="7FB81656FFC0B34F44D1FCA8C97A085B" box="[151,380,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Spirontocaris prionota</emphasis>
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. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F45EEFCA8CA60085B" author="Holmes, S. J." box="[424,614,865,887]" page="206" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F45EEFCA8CA60085B" author="Holmes, S. J." box="[424,614,865,887]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="12 - 62" refId="ref226245" refString="Holmes, S. J. (1900) Synopsis of California stalk-eyed Crustacea. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 7, 12 - 62." type="journal article" year="1900">Holmes 1900: 206</bibRefCitation>
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. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F46C8FCA8CB40085B" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[654,838,865,887]" page="61" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F46C8FCA8CB40085B" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[654,838,865,887]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 219" refId="ref234490" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1904) Decapod crustaceans of the northwest coast of North America. Harriman Alaska Expedition, 10, 1 - 219." type="journal article" year="1904">Rathbun 1904: 61</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F4729FCA8CC18085B" author="Schmitt, W. L." box="[879,1054,865,887]" page="52" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1921">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F4729FCA8CC18085B" author="Schmitt, W. L." box="[879,1054,865,887]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 470" refId="ref236092" refString="Schmitt, W. L. (1921) The marine decapod Crustacea of California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 23, 1 - 470." type="journal article" year="1921">Schmitt 1921: 52</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 28. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F40D0FCA8CD7F085B" author="Kobyakova, Z. I." box="[1174,1401,865,887]" page="129" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F40D0FCA8CD7F085B" author="Kobyakova, Z. I." box="[1174,1401,865,887]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="93 - 154" refId="ref228074" refString="Kobyakova, Z. I. (1937) Desjatinogie raki (Decapoda) Okhotskogo i Yaponskogo Morei. Uchenye Zapiski, 15, 93 - 154." type="journal article" year="1937">Kobyakova 1937: 129</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F4481FC49C97108BA" author="Holthuis, L. B." box="[199,375,896,918]" page="8" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1947">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F4481FC49C97108BA" author="Holthuis, L. B." box="[199,375,896,918]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref226321" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1947) The Decapoda of the Siboga expedition Part IX: the Hippolytidae and Rhynchocinetidae. Siboga Expeditie, 39 a (8), 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1947">Holthuis 1947: 8</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F45E2FC49CA6308BA" author="Kozloff, E. N." box="[420,613,896,918]" page="166" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F45E2FC49CA6308BA" author="Kozloff, E. N." box="[420,613,896,918]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="ref228405" refString="Kozloff, E. N. (1974) Keys to the Marine Invertebrates of Puget Sound, the San Juan Archipelago, and Adjacent Regions. University of Washington Press, Seattle, 226 pp." type="book" year="1974">Kozloff 1974: 166</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F46D4FC49CBB008BA" author="Word, J. &amp; Charwat, D." box="[658,950,896,918]" page="154" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F46D4FC49CBB008BA" author="Word, J. &amp; Charwat, D." box="[658,950,896,918]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="ref241447" refString="Word, J. &amp; Charwat, D. (1976) Invertebrates of Southern California Coastal Waters. II. Natantia. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, El Segundo, California. 238 pp." type="book" year="1976">Word &amp; Charwat 1976: 154</bibRefCitation>
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. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F47A5FC49CCAE08BA" author="Hayashi, K." box="[995,1192,896,918]" page="175" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F47A5FC49CCAE08BA" author="Hayashi, K." box="[995,1192,896,918]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="155 - 186" refId="ref224741" refString="Hayashi, K. (1977) Studies on the hipplytid shrimps from Japan - VI. The genus Spirontocaris Bate. Journal of the Shimonoseki University of Fisheries, 25, 155 - 186." type="journal article" year="1977">Hayashi 1977: 175</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 7. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F415DFC49C8F60898" author="Butler, T. H." page="161" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F415DFC49C8F60898" author="Butler, T. H." pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 280" refId="ref218371" refString="Butler, T. H. (1980) Shrimps of the Pacific Coast of Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 202, 1 - 280." type="journal article" year="1980">Butler 1980: 161</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F455DFC57CA340898" author="Chace, F. A. Jr. &amp; Abbott, D. P." box="[283,562,926,948]" page="574" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F455DFC57CA340898" author="Chace, F. A. Jr. &amp; Abbott, D. P." box="[283,562,926,948]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="567 - 576" refId="ref219414" refString="Chace, F. A. Jr. &amp; Abbott, D. P. (1980) Caridea: the shrimps. In: Morris, R. H., Abbott, D. P. &amp; Haderlie, E. C. (Eds.) Intertidal Invertebrates of California. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, pp. 567 - 576." type="book chapter" year="1980">Chace &amp; Abbott 1980: 574</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 23.10. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F4688FC57CBF40898" author="Carvacho, A. &amp; Olson, R." box="[718,1010,926,948]" page="64" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F4688FC57CBF40898" author="Carvacho, A. &amp; Olson, R." box="[718,1010,926,948]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="59 - 71" refId="ref218960" refString="Carvacho, A. &amp; Olson, R. (1984) Nuevos registros para la fauna carcinologica del noroeste de Mexico y descripcion de una nueva especie: Eualus subtilis n. sp. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Natantia). Southwestern Naturalist, 29, 59 - 71." type="journal article" year="1984">Carvacho &amp; Olson 1984: 64</bibRefCitation>
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. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F405BFC57CD1C0898" author="Ricketts, E. F. &amp; Calvin, J. &amp; Hedgpeth, J. W. &amp; Phillips, D. W." box="[1053,1306,926,949]" page="197" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F405BFC57CD1C0898" author="Ricketts, E. F. &amp; Calvin, J. &amp; Hedgpeth, J. W. &amp; Phillips, D. W." box="[1053,1306,926,949]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="ref234966" refString="Ricketts, E. F., Calvin, J., Hedgpeth, J. W. &amp; Phillips, D. W. (1985) Between Pacific Tides. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 5 th ed., 652 pp." type="book" year="1985">
Ricketts
<emphasis id="7FB81656FFC0B34F4031FC56CCA20899" box="[1143,1188,927,949]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al</emphasis>
. 1985: 197
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 109. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F4481FC74C9A708FF" author="Wicksten, M. K." box="[199,417,957,979]" page="590" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F4481FC74C9A708FF" author="Wicksten, M. K." box="[199,417,957,979]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="587 - 598" refId="ref239902" refString="Wicksten, M. K. (1990 b) Key to the hippolytid shrimp of the eastern Pacific Ocean. United States Fishery Bulletin, 88, 587 - 598." type="journal article" year="1990">Wicksten 1990b: 590</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F458DFC77CA7608FF" author="Jensen, G. C." box="[459,624,957,979]" page="51" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F458DFC77CA7608FF" author="Jensen, G. C." box="[459,624,957,979]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="ref227177" refString="Jensen, G. C. (1995) Pacific Coast Crabs and Shrimps. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California, 87 pp." type="book" year="1995">Jensen 1995: 51</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 92. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F46AFFC74CB8D08FF" author="Chace, F. A. Jr." box="[745,907,957,979]" page="57" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F46AFFC74CB8D08FF" author="Chace, F. A. Jr." box="[745,907,957,979]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref219357" refString="Chace, F. A. Jr. (1997) The caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 7: families Atyidae, Eugonatonotidae, Rhynchocinetidae, Bathypalaemonellidae, Processidae, and Hippolytidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 587, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1997">Chace 1997: 57</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="CC6DEC55FFC0B34F47F2FC74CC9308FF" author="Kuris, A. M. &amp; Sadeghian, P. &amp; Carlton, J. T." box="[948,1173,957,979]" page="638" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F47F2FC74CC9308FF" author="Kuris, A. M. &amp; Sadeghian, P. &amp; Carlton, J. T." box="[948,1173,957,979]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="636 - 656" refId="ref228858" refString="Kuris, A. M., Sadeghian, P. &amp; Carlton, J. T. (2007) Keys to Decapod Crustacea. In: Carlton, J. T. (Ed.) The Light and Smith Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates Central California to Oregon. University of California Press, Berkeley, 4 th ed., pp. 636 - 656." type="book chapter" year="2007">
Kuris
<emphasis id="7FB81656FFC0B34F47B5FC77CC1908FF" box="[1011,1055,957,979]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al</emphasis>
. 2007: 638
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05D699CFFFC0B34F44D1FC36C92B0EC0" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="7FB81656FFC0B34F44D1FC36C9170F34" bold="true" box="[151,273,1023,1048]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Rostrum deep, extending beyond end of antennular peduncle with 1015 dorsal, 6 or 7 ventral teeth in male; 1226 dorsal, 38 ventral teeth in female, 3 or 4 large serrate teeth on dorsal midline of carapace proper. Second, third segments of antennular peduncle each bearing spine. Stylocerite reaching third segment of antennular peduncle. Carapace with 34 supraorbital teeth. Pereopods 13 with epipods. Pereopods 35 stout, dactyls spinose, bifid. Merus of pereopod 3 with 12 spines, pereopod 4, with 02 spines; pereopod 5, 01 spine. Pleura of abdominal somites 13 rounded, 45 pointed to sharp-tipped. Telson with 4 pairs dorsolateral spines, acute apex.
<collectingRegion id="8F0804A6FFC0B34F44D1FB1EC8D70FC3" box="[151,209,1239,1263]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Male</collectingRegion>
total length to
<quantity id="8A3467A1FFC0B34F453CFB1EC9CD0FC3" box="[378,459,1239,1263]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
, female to
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D73CA44FFC0B34F4481FB32CA2F0E70" blockId="92.[151,1437,1023,1516]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="7FB81656FFC0B34F4481FB32C96E0E38" bold="true" box="[199,360,1275,1300]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" reason="1">Color in life.</emphasis>
Red-spotted with blue steaks; carapace, uropods olive, rest of body rufous (
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F40B9FB35CD890E38" author="Butler, T. H." box="[1279,1423,1276,1300]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 280" refId="ref218371" refString="Butler, T. H. (1980) Shrimps of the Pacific Coast of Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 202, 1 - 280." type="journal article" year="1980">Butler 1980</bibRefCitation>
). Carapace, rostrum china white, rest of body rusty red or green (H. Cheney, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, pers. comm.,
<bibRefCitation id="295DB7B5FFC0B34F45C9FA8DCA1A0E70" author="Jensen, G. C." box="[399,540,1348,1372]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" refId="ref227177" refString="Jensen, G. C. (1995) Pacific Coast Crabs and Shrimps. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California, 87 pp." type="book" year="1995">Jensen 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D73CA44FFC0B34F4481FAAECB8F0E88" blockId="92.[151,1437,1023,1516]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="7FB81656FFC0B34F4481FAAEC9AC0EAC" bold="true" box="[199,426,1383,1408]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" reason="1">Habitat and depth.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="FDA4C019FFC0B34F45F7FAAECB820E88" elevation="163" location="California" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="163" stateProvince="California">
Eelgrass beds, lower rocky intertidal zone, rocky subtidal areas, low subtidal areas to
<specimenCount id="5BCA01CDFFC0B34F4134FAAEC8B20E8F" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="generic">
<quantity id="8A3467A1FFC0B34F4134FAAEC8B60E8F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="m" value="163.0">
<elevation id="C6E12D77FFC0B34F4134FAAEC8B60E8F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="m" value="163.0">163 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Specimens from
<collectingRegion id="8F0804A6FFC0B34F453EFA45C9EC0E88" box="[376,490,1420,1444]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">California</collectingRegion>
usually are collected at
<quantity id="8A3467A1FFC0B34F46BFFA45CB340E8F" box="[761,818,1420,1444]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="m" value="30.0">
<elevation id="C6E12D77FFC0B34F46BFFA45CB340E8F" box="[761,818,1420,1444]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</elevation>
</quantity>
or less
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D73CA44FFC0B34F4481FA79C92B0EC0" blockId="92.[151,1437,1023,1516]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="7FB81656FFC0B34F4481FA79C91C0EE4" bold="true" box="[199,282,1456,1480]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" reason="1">Range.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="FDA4C019FFC0B34F4562FA79C92E0EC0" collectorName="Nunivak I. &amp; Bering I." country="Mexico" location="Todos Santos Bay" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Baja California">
<collectorName id="E039AF92FFC0B34F4562FA79C9990EEB" box="[292,415,1456,1480]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Nunivak I.</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="E039AF92FFC0B34F459BFA79CA430EEB" box="[477,581,1456,1480]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Bering I.</collectorName>
, Bering Sea to
<location id="48139C9FFFC0B34F46B9FA79CBD60EE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5657B52FFC0B34F44D1FD1EC92B0EC0:48139C9FFFC0B34F46B9FA79CBD60EE4" box="[767,976,1456,1480]" country="Mexico" name="Todos Santos Bay" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" stateProvince="Baja California">Todos Santos Bay</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="8F0804A6FFC0B34F4798FA79CC960EE4" box="[990,1168,1456,1480]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Baja California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="35DB8AD4FFC0B34F40D9FA79CCFE0EE4" box="[1183,1272,1456,1480]" name="Mexico" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
<typeStatus id="927774E6FFC0B34F4140FA79CD3B0EE4" box="[1286,1341,1456,1480]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Type</typeStatus>
locality Puget Sound
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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