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<document id="F3B000BCF1D1436ECB5D33184B23E920" ID-CLB-Dataset="8909" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4820.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="92cd35a7-016d-41ea-a102-99dd1d682493" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4397456" ID-ZooBank="99776202-FAD8-42FE-9C77-3A1AFBCC5246" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609207291070" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Giudice, Giuseppe Lo &amp; Woźnica, Andrzej Józef" docDate="2020" docId="03C887B1B741E10FE0AAFC12FD5BFBD8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4820.1.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4820 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tephrochlaena oraria Collin 1943" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="FFF1FFC9B744E107E03DFFDAFFE5FFC9" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Tephrochlaena, with a key to genera of Palaearctic Heteromyzinae (Diptera: Heleomyzidae)" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="165" pageNumber="170" updateTime="1698848236924" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="19D4240397957973D6569FCF9B96BC71">Revision of the genus Tephrochlaena, with a key to genera of Palaearctic Heteromyzinae (Diptera: Heleomyzidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F3479C26A87B37F813D17EC560EAC23D">Giudice, Giuseppe Lo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2DA533086178089F3EE64030329BBA0A">Raggruppamento Carabinieri Biodiversità, Reparto Biodiversità Verona, Via del Ponte 256, Peri, Verona, Italy, LaNaBIT-Laboratorio Nazionale Tassonomia e Biondicazione Invertebrati, Verona, Italy,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E2580D77406548E232A37BBF8947EDEF">Woźnica, Andrzej Józef</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B5AA8558B04FD5A74B1C30E41E1FAC9E" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3316-0188</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="8AA8FBA0F33D52BCFA305FFBCA245D99">Institute of Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław, 51 - 631 Wrocław, Koz ̇ uchowska 5 b, Poland. andrzej. woznica @ upwr. edu. pl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3316 - 0188</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="788D33DA7DA685C4FFFB3E90B0927335" type="email">andrzej.woznica@upwr.edu.pl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="232463C91C9B4B5726CAB7AC66BEA0CE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2331B954109B847DE29C37040E362D70">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="530B53D0EBE67018A3823748E35E6383">2020-07-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7264CE586430A41FE01CEDF40AB388D6">4820</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C887B1B741E10FE0AAFC12FD5BFBD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397420" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176580825" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4397420" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887B1B741E10FE0AAFC12FD5BFBD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887B1B741E10FE0AAFC12FD5BFBD8" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<subSubSection id="C37B652CB741E102E0AAFC12FB2AFC2B" box="[151,1231,968,995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B741E102E0AAFC12FB2AFC2B" blockId="5.[151,1231,968,1031]" box="[151,1231,968,995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<heading id="D09681CBB741E102E0AAFC12FB2AFC2B" bold="true" box="[151,1231,968,995]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" reason="1">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB711189B741E102E0AAFC12FB2AFC2B" box="[151,1231,968,995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B741E102E0AAFC12FB2AFC2B" bold="true" box="[151,1231,968,995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC010B6B741E102E0AAFC12FD9EFC2B" author="Collin, J. E." box="[151,635,968,995]" page="242" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" year="1943">
<taxonomicName id="4C614D24B741E102E0AAFC12FD9EFC2B" ID-CoL="55CDQ" authority="Collin, 1943: 242" authorityName="Collin" authorityPageNumber="242" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,635,968,995]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Tephrochlaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oraria">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B741E102E0AAFC12FE7AFC2B" bold="true" box="[151,415,968,995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Tephrochlaena oraria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B56B741E102E19BFC12FD9EFC2B" author="Collin, J. E." box="[422,635,968,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" pagination="234 - 251" refId="ref7163" refString="Collin, J. E. (1943) The British species of Heleomyzidae (Diptera). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 79, 234 - 251." type="journal article" year="1943">Collin, 1943: 242</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B093CFAB741E102E2BAFC13FB2AFC2B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015400301" box="[647,1231,968,995]" country="United Kingdom" location="Porthcawl" municipality="Glamorgan" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54DA8805B741E102E2BAFC13FD21FC2A" box="[647,708,969,995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Type</typeStatus>
locality: “
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B741E102E37BFC12FC71FC2B" box="[838,916,968,994]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Wales</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EBE607CB741E102E39CFC13FBC6FC2A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C887B1B741E10FE0AAFC12FD5BFBD8:8EBE607CB741E102E39CFC13FBC6FC2A" box="[929,1059,969,995]" country="United Kingdom" municipality="Glamorgan" name="Porthcawl" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Porthcawl</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBAACDDB741E102E40DFC12FB25FC2B" box="[1072,1216,968,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Glamorgan</collectingMunicipality>
”
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B652CB741E10FE0AAFC36FD63FE1B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B741E102E0AAFC36FF09FBCE" blockId="5.[151,1231,968,1031]" box="[151,236,1004,1031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
(
<figureCitation id="135A2A22B741E102E09DFC36FF06FBCE" box="[160,227,1004,1031]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–9" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[153,1434,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4–9. 4. H. rotundicornis, male holotype (MZLU), wing. 5–9. T. oraria, ♂ (Wales, Oxwich). Wing (5). Habitus in lateral view (6). Head in lateral (7), frontal (8) and dorsal (9) view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397460/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B741E102E0AAFBEEFADDFB86" blockId="5.[151,1437,1076,2002]" box="[151,1336,1076,1103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B741E102E0AAFBEEFED8FB87" bold="true" box="[151,317,1076,1102]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Redescription</emphasis>
[measurement of female specimens in parentheses, measurement of
<typeStatus id="54DA8805B741E102E402FBEEFB43FB87" box="[1087,1190,1076,1102]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
in brackets].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B741E102E0FAFB82FD47FBBA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1076,2002]" box="[199,674,1112,1139]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B741E102E0FAFB82FEF0FBBB" box="[199,277,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Length</emphasis>
: 3.74–[4.05] 4.25 (3.35–4.40) mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B741E102E0FAFBA6FD27FA7F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1076,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B741E102E0FAFBA6FEF3FB5F" box="[199,278,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Colour</emphasis>
. Frons and fronto-orbital plates orange, brownish at sides of ocellar triangle in some specimens. Ocellar triangle brownish-grey. Occiput, genae, face (except for the yellow-orange central part) and parafacials whitish-yellow. Palpi orange. Antennae brownish-orange. Ocellar triangle, occiput, frontal vitta, central part of frons (slightly visible) and face below antennae covered with silver pruinosity. Arista brownish (orange in basal part). Prosternum yellowish-grey and covered with light silver pruinosity. Mesonotum greyish-brownish. Two dark grey stripes on mesonotum, extending between
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B741E102E23EFAEAFDF8FA83" box="[515,541,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">dc</emphasis>
and reaching third postsutural
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B741E102E341FAEAFC73FA83" box="[892,918,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">dc</emphasis>
. Postpronotum greyish-brown. Lateral part of thorax brownish-grey. Scutellum brownish-grey with brownish-orange tip. Legs brownish-yellow. Pulvilli yellowish. Wing membrane pale. Veins not darkened. Tegula and basicosta brownish-orange. Halteres brownish-yellow. Abdomen varying from entirely orange to brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B741E102E0FAFA1AFDC0F97A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1076,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B741E102E0FAFA1AFEE1FA13" box="[199,260,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135A2A22B741E102E12EFA1AFE65FA12" box="[275,384,1472,1499]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–9" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[153,1434,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4–9. 4. H. rotundicornis, male holotype (MZLU), wing. 5–9. T. oraria, ♂ (Wales, Oxwich). Wing (5). Habitus in lateral view (6). Head in lateral (7), frontal (8) and dorsal (9) view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397460/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Figs. 7–9</figureCitation>
). In lateral view about 1.08–1.18 [1.09] (1.14–1.20) times as high as long. Frons ratio 1: 1.09– 1.19 [1.12] (1.00–1.05). Frons ratio 2: 0.60–0.84 [0.71] (0.61–0.75). Vr/eye: 1.80–2.16 [1.84] (2.00–2.00). Ocellar setae inserted halfway between anterior and posterior ocelli or closer to anterior ocellus. Peristomal setae in one row. Anterior orbital seta about 0.65–0.88 [0.67] (0.57–0.90) times as long as posterior one. Postpedicel ratio: 1.03–1.25 [1.06] (1.03–1.25). Postpedicel/gena ratio: 0.63–0.81 [0.78] (0.60–0.75). Arista short pubescent, with hairs not longer than basal segment of arista. Second aristomere about two–three times as long as wide. Eye rounded. Gena/eye ratio: 0.45–0.61 [0.49] (0.33–0.64).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B741E102E0FAF966FB69F8AE" blockId="5.[151,1437,1076,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B741E102E0FAF966FEFDF91F" box="[199,280,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Thorax</emphasis>
. Prosternum bare. First postsutural
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B741E102E28CF966FD2EF91F" box="[689,715,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">dc</emphasis>
closer to suture than to second
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B741E102E407F966FBB1F91F" box="[1082,1108,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">dc</emphasis>
(rarely closer to second
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B741E102E54CF966FA6EF91F" box="[1393,1419,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">dc</emphasis>
). Acrostichal setae in 5–7 unarranged rows between
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B741E102E2ECF93AFD0EF933" box="[721,747,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">dc</emphasis>
. Anepisternum bare. Proepimeron without setulae in addition to main seta. One strong katepisternal seta. Upper part of katerpisternum covered with setae (unarranged or arranged in 1–2 rows) approx. 1/4–1/5 as long as main katepisternal seta (shorter in females). Anepimeron bare. Scutellum with dorsal and ventral surface bare. Two pairs of well-developed marginal scutellar setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B741E102E0FAF8ABFF2AF81B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1076,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B741E102E0FAF8ABFF19F843" box="[199,252,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="170">Legs</emphasis>
. Fore femur with unarranged setae on posterodorsal and posteroventral surfaces. Mid femur with one fine seta on proximal ventral surface. One small dorsal preapical seta on all tibiae. Fore fourth tarsomere shorter than fifth.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1E662FB742E101E0AAF842FCD9F81D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397460" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4397460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397460/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" startId="6.[151,264,1944,1968]" targetBox="[153,1434,181,1920]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B742E101E0AAF842FCD9F81D" blockId="6.[151,1437,1944,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B742E101E0AAF842FED9F879" bold="true" box="[151,316,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">FIGURES 4–9.</emphasis>
4.
<taxonomicName id="4C614D24B742E101E163F843FDE2F879" box="[350,519,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Helomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundicornis">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B742E101E163F843FDE2F879" box="[350,519,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">H. rotundicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male holotype (MZLU), wing. 5–9.
<taxonomicName id="4C614D24B742E101E3B7F843FC00F879" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1943" box="[906,997,1945,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Tephrochlaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oraria">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B742E101E3B7F843FC00F879" box="[906,997,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="171">T. oraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ♂ (Wales, Oxwich). Wing (5). Habitus in lateral view (6). Head in lateral (7), frontal (8) and dorsal (9) view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1E662FB743E100E0AAF9FFFF59F8DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397462" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4397462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397462/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="172" startId="7.[151,264,1573,1597]" targetBox="[151,1435,182,1549]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B743E100E0AAF9FFFF59F8DC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1573,1813]" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B743E100E0AAF9FFFEB1F9F4" bold="true" box="[151,340,1573,1597]" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">FIGURES 10–16.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B743E100E167F9FCFE5EF9F4" box="[346,443,1574,1597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="4C614D24B743E100E167F9FCFE53F9F4" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1943" box="[346,438,1574,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Tephrochlaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oraria">T. oraria</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
male and female terminalia. 10. ♂, epandrial complex in caudal view. 11–12. ♂, hypandrial complex in ventral (11) and dorsal (12) view. 13. ♂ (Wales, Oxwich), surstylus in a view perpendicular to the outer surface (scale: 100 µm). 14. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), terminalia in lateral (a) and ventral (b) view. 15. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), teminalia in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) view. 16. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), spermathecae (scale: 50 µm). Abbreviations used in figures: epand = epandrium; c = cercus; ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme; hypd = hypandrium; pgt = postgonite; bp = basiphallus; aed apod = aedeagal apodeme; T1+2, T3, T4 etc. = abdominal syntergite 1+2, tergite 3, tergite 4 etc.; S1, S2, etc. = abdominal sternite 1, abdominal sternite 2, etc.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B743E100E0FAF89EFE06F86F" blockId="7.[151,1437,1859,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B743E100E0FAF89EFEE4F894" box="[199,257,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135A2A22B743E100E12CF899FEB2F897" box="[273,343,1859,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–9" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[153,1434,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4–9. 4. H. rotundicornis, male holotype (MZLU), wing. 5–9. T. oraria, ♂ (Wales, Oxwich). Wing (5). Habitus in lateral view (6). Head in lateral (7), frontal (8) and dorsal (9) view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397460/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Length: 4.00–4.54 [4.46] (4.90–5.30) mm. Width: 1.40–1.51 [1.50] (1.35–1.90) mm. First part of Costa, behind basicosta, with a strong ventral seta. Costal spines slightly longer than costal thickness. Mv ratio: 1.30–1.53 [1.36] (1.19–1.35).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B743E100E0FAF875FA93F803" blockId="7.[151,1437,1859,2030]" box="[199,1398,1967,1994]" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B743E100E0FAF875FED4F800" box="[199,305,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Abdomen</emphasis>
. All tergites setulose, with long marginal setulae on T3, T4 and T5 (distinctly shorter in females).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B743E10FE0FAF809FCB6FEAC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1859,2030]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1041]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B743E100E0FAF809FE98F824" box="[199,381,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Male terminalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135A2A22B743E100E1B0F809FDF2F827" box="[397,535,2003,2030]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1549]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. T. oraria, male and female terminalia. 10. ♂, epandrial complex in caudal view. 11–12. ♂, hypandrial com- plex in ventral (11) and dorsal (12) view. 13. ♂ (Wales, Oxwich), surstylus in a view perpendicular to the outer surface (scale: 100 µm). 14. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), terminalia in lateral (a) and ventral (b) view. 15. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), teminalia in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) view. 16. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), spermathecae (scale: 50 µm). Abbreviations used in figures: epand = epandrium; c = cercus; ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme; hypd = hypandrium; pgt = postgonite; bp = basiphallus; aed apod = aedeagal apodeme; T1+2, T3, T4 etc. = abdominal syntergite 1+2, tergite 3, tergite 4 etc.; S1, S2, etc. = abdominal sternite 1, abdominal sternite 2, etc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397462/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="172">Figs. 10–13</figureCitation>
). Male genitalia large. T7 concave and about 2 times longer than T6. Anus ventrally-directed. Epandrium (
<figureCitation id="135A2A22B74CE10FE1F3FF4DFDFBFF78" box="[462,542,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1549]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. T. oraria, male and female terminalia. 10. ♂, epandrial complex in caudal view. 11–12. ♂, hypandrial com- plex in ventral (11) and dorsal (12) view. 13. ♂ (Wales, Oxwich), surstylus in a view perpendicular to the outer surface (scale: 100 µm). 14. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), terminalia in lateral (a) and ventral (b) view. 15. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), teminalia in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) view. 16. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), spermathecae (scale: 50 µm). Abbreviations used in figures: epand = epandrium; c = cercus; ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme; hypd = hypandrium; pgt = postgonite; bp = basiphallus; aed apod = aedeagal apodeme; T1+2, T3, T4 etc. = abdominal syntergite 1+2, tergite 3, tergite 4 etc.; S1, S2, etc. = abdominal sternite 1, abdominal sternite 2, etc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397462/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) large and convex, semiglobular in lateral view, with long and medium-thick setae. Cercus partially fused with epandrium, with 1 medium-long apical seta and scattered fine setulae. Hypandrium with pointed lobes of lateral arms (
<figureCitation id="135A2A22B74CE10FE221FF05FD47FF30" box="[540,674,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1549]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. T. oraria, male and female terminalia. 10. ♂, epandrial complex in caudal view. 11–12. ♂, hypandrial com- plex in ventral (11) and dorsal (12) view. 13. ♂ (Wales, Oxwich), surstylus in a view perpendicular to the outer surface (scale: 100 µm). 14. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), terminalia in lateral (a) and ventral (b) view. 15. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), teminalia in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) view. 16. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), spermathecae (scale: 50 µm). Abbreviations used in figures: epand = epandrium; c = cercus; ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme; hypd = hypandrium; pgt = postgonite; bp = basiphallus; aed apod = aedeagal apodeme; T1+2, T3, T4 etc. = abdominal syntergite 1+2, tergite 3, tergite 4 etc.; S1, S2, etc. = abdominal sternite 1, abdominal sternite 2, etc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397462/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Figs. 11, 12</figureCitation>
). Phallic complex (
<figureCitation id="135A2A22B74CE10FE347FF05FC2EFF30" box="[890,971,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1549]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. T. oraria, male and female terminalia. 10. ♂, epandrial complex in caudal view. 11–12. ♂, hypandrial com- plex in ventral (11) and dorsal (12) view. 13. ♂ (Wales, Oxwich), surstylus in a view perpendicular to the outer surface (scale: 100 µm). 14. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), terminalia in lateral (a) and ventral (b) view. 15. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), teminalia in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) view. 16. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), spermathecae (scale: 50 µm). Abbreviations used in figures: epand = epandrium; c = cercus; ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme; hypd = hypandrium; pgt = postgonite; bp = basiphallus; aed apod = aedeagal apodeme; T1+2, T3, T4 etc. = abdominal syntergite 1+2, tergite 3, tergite 4 etc.; S1, S2, etc. = abdominal sternite 1, abdominal sternite 2, etc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397462/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) with long aedeagal apodeme. Postgonite with 2 medium-sized setae. Ejaculatory apodeme normally developed, rod-like, dilated proximally. Surstylus symmetrical, subrectangular, with short but thick setae on outer distal part and only few scattered setulae on distal surface: in a view perpendicular to the outer surface as in
<figureCitation id="135A2A22B74CE10FE2C0FE91FCAAFEAC" box="[765,847,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1549]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. T. oraria, male and female terminalia. 10. ♂, epandrial complex in caudal view. 11–12. ♂, hypandrial com- plex in ventral (11) and dorsal (12) view. 13. ♂ (Wales, Oxwich), surstylus in a view perpendicular to the outer surface (scale: 100 µm). 14. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), terminalia in lateral (a) and ventral (b) view. 15. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), teminalia in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) view. 16. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), spermathecae (scale: 50 µm). Abbreviations used in figures: epand = epandrium; c = cercus; ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme; hypd = hypandrium; pgt = postgonite; bp = basiphallus; aed apod = aedeagal apodeme; T1+2, T3, T4 etc. = abdominal syntergite 1+2, tergite 3, tergite 4 etc.; S1, S2, etc. = abdominal sternite 1, abdominal sternite 2, etc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397462/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B74CE10FE0FAFEB5FD63FE1B" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B74CE10FE0FAFEB5FE7CFE40" box="[199,409,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Female terminalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="135A2A22B74CE10FE194FEB5FDD0FE43" box="[425,565,367,394]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1549]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. T. oraria, male and female terminalia. 10. ♂, epandrial complex in caudal view. 11–12. ♂, hypandrial com- plex in ventral (11) and dorsal (12) view. 13. ♂ (Wales, Oxwich), surstylus in a view perpendicular to the outer surface (scale: 100 µm). 14. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), terminalia in lateral (a) and ventral (b) view. 15. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), teminalia in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) view. 16. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), spermathecae (scale: 50 µm). Abbreviations used in figures: epand = epandrium; c = cercus; ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme; hypd = hypandrium; pgt = postgonite; bp = basiphallus; aed apod = aedeagal apodeme; T1+2, T3, T4 etc. = abdominal syntergite 1+2, tergite 3, tergite 4 etc.; S1, S2, etc. = abdominal sternite 1, abdominal sternite 2, etc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397462/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Figs. 14–16</figureCitation>
). T6 subtriangular in lateral view and downwardly-directed, T7 slightly flattened and forming an open ring ventrally (
<figureCitation id="135A2A22B74CE10FE253FE49FD13FE64" box="[622,758,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1549]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. T. oraria, male and female terminalia. 10. ♂, epandrial complex in caudal view. 11–12. ♂, hypandrial com- plex in ventral (11) and dorsal (12) view. 13. ♂ (Wales, Oxwich), surstylus in a view perpendicular to the outer surface (scale: 100 µm). 14. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), terminalia in lateral (a) and ventral (b) view. 15. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), teminalia in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) view. 16. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), spermathecae (scale: 50 µm). Abbreviations used in figures: epand = epandrium; c = cercus; ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme; hypd = hypandrium; pgt = postgonite; bp = basiphallus; aed apod = aedeagal apodeme; T1+2, T3, T4 etc. = abdominal syntergite 1+2, tergite 3, tergite 4 etc.; S1, S2, etc. = abdominal sternite 1, abdominal sternite 2, etc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397462/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Figs. 14, 15</figureCitation>
). Anus ventrally-directed. Three globular spermathecae (two of them fused), sclerotized at base (
<figureCitation id="135A2A22B74CE10FE218FE6DFD9DFE1B" box="[549,632,439,466]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1435,181,1549]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. T. oraria, male and female terminalia. 10. ♂, epandrial complex in caudal view. 11–12. ♂, hypandrial com- plex in ventral (11) and dorsal (12) view. 13. ♂ (Wales, Oxwich), surstylus in a view perpendicular to the outer surface (scale: 100 µm). 14. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), terminalia in lateral (a) and ventral (b) view. 15. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), teminalia in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) view. 16. ♀ (Wales, Oxwich), spermathecae (scale: 50 µm). Abbreviations used in figures: epand = epandrium; c = cercus; ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme; hypd = hypandrium; pgt = postgonite; bp = basiphallus; aed apod = aedeagal apodeme; T1+2, T3, T4 etc. = abdominal syntergite 1+2, tergite 3, tergite 4 etc.; S1, S2, etc. = abdominal sternite 1, abdominal sternite 2, etc." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397462/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B652CB74CE10FE0FAFE00FF05FDA8" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B74CE10FE0FAFE00FF05FDA8" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B74CE10FE0FAFE00FECDFE3C" bold="true" box="[199,296,474,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Biology.</emphasis>
Rotheray (2015) noted that puparia of
<taxonomicName id="4C614D24B74CE10FE2DEFE01FCADFE3D" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1943" box="[739,840,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Tephrochlaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oraria">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B74CE10FE2DEFE01FCADFE3D" box="[739,840,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">T. oraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected from a thin line of decaying seaweed deposited along the high-water line. In all probability, the larvae can develop on decaying organic matter like the seaweed
<taxonomicName id="4C614D24B74CE10FE13DFDF9FE2AFDF4" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[256,463,547,573]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Fucaceae" genus="Fucus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="vesiculosus">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B74CE10FE13DFDF9FE2AFDF4" box="[256,463,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Fucus vesiculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Patrick Grootaert, pers. comm.) or dead fish (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B56B74CE10FE3CBFDF9FB00FDF4" author="Lindroth, C. H. &amp; Anderson, H. &amp; Bodvarsson, H. &amp; Richter, S. H." box="[1014,1253,547,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" refId="ref7543" refString="Lindroth, C. H., Anderson, H., Bodvarsson, H. &amp; Richter, S. H. (1967) Report on the Surtsey Investigation in 1966 Terrestrial invertebrates. Departement of Entomology, Zoological Institute, University, Lund, 9 pp." type="book" year="1967">
Lindroth
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B74CE10FE458FDF9FB7CFDF4" box="[1125,1177,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">et al</emphasis>
. 1967
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B56B74CE10FE4C9FDF9FF36FDA8" author="Lindroth, C. H. &amp; Anderson, H. &amp; Bodvarsson, H. &amp; Richter, S. H." pageId="8" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 280" refId="ref7593" refString="Lindroth, C. H., Anderson, H., Bodvarsson, H. &amp; Richter, S. H. (1973) Surtsey, Iceland. (The development of a new fauna, 1963 - 1970. Terrestrial invertebrates). Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement 5, 1 - 280." type="journal article" year="1973">
Lindroth
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B74CE10FE55CFDF9FA70FDF4" box="[1377,1429,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">et al</emphasis>
. 1973
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37B652CB74CE10FE0FAFDB0FD5BFBD8" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDE36A7B74CE10FE0FAFDB0FD5BFBD8" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B74CE10FE0FAFDB0FE85FD4C" bold="true" box="[199,352,618,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C614D24B74CE10FE15BFDB1FDBFFD4D" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1943" box="[358,602,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Tephrochlaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oraria">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B74CE10FE15BFDB1FDBFFD4D" box="[358,602,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Tephrochlaena oraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a West-Palaearctic coastal species, probably widely distributed along the seashores of the Mediterranean and East Atlantic coasts. According to
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B74CE10FE38EFD55FB95FD61" box="[947,1136,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Fauna Europaea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B56B74CE10FE4BDFD55FA80FD60" author="Woznica, A. J. &amp; Bystrowski, C. &amp; Richter, V. A." box="[1152,1381,655,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" refId="ref8819" refString="Woznica, A. J., Bystrowski, C. &amp; Richter, V. A. (2013) Fauna Europaea: Heleomyzidae. In: Beuk, P. &amp; Pape, T. (Eds.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera. Fauna Europaea. Version June 2017. Available from: https: // fauna-eu. org (accessed 12 Jannuary 2020)" type="url" year="2013">
Woźnica
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B74CE10FE4D6FD55FAC1FD60" box="[1259,1316,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
) and to its distribution in the different biogeographical regions (
<figureCitation id="135A2A22B74CE10FE31DFD69FC94FD04" box="[800,881,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[156,1425,1071,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-420@8.[151,1436,1065,1952]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 17. T. oraria, distribution map (scale: 500 km)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397464/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
), it seems to be an Atlanto-mediterranean species. Currently it is known from:
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE1EEFD0DFDDEFD38" box="[467,571,727,753]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Germany</collectingCountry>
(Memmert), the
<collectingRegion id="49A5F845B74CE10FE2C6FD0DFC4BFD38" box="[763,942,727,753]" country="Spain" name="Illes Baleares" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Balearic Islands</collectingRegion>
(Mallorca) (new data from
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE4DAFD0DFACEFD3B" box="[1255,1323,727,754]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Spain</collectingCountry>
), the British Isles (
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE138FD21FE82FCDC" box="[261,359,763,789]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">England</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE149FD21FE3CFCDC" box="[372,473,763,789]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Scotland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE1D8FD21FDC8FCDF" box="[485,557,763,790]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Wales</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE27EFD21FD70FCDC" box="[579,661,763,789]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Iceland</collectingCountry>
[including Surtsey Island (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B56B74CE10FE3F1FD21FACCFCDC" author="Baldursson, S. &amp; Ingadottir, A." box="[972,1321,762,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" pagination="9335 - 6" refId="ref6835" refString="Baldursson, S. &amp; Ingadottir, A. (Eds.) (2007) Nomination of Surtsey for the UNESCO World Heritage List. Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Reykjavik, 123 pp. [ISBN- 978 - 9979 - 9335 - 6 - 4.]" type="book chapter" year="2007">Baldursson &amp; Ingadóttir 2007</bibRefCitation>
)],
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE57BFD21FA7DFCDC" box="[1350,1432,763,789]" name="Ireland" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Ireland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE0AAFCC5FF17FCF0" box="[151,242,799,825]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE0C0FCC5FEAEFCF0" box="[253,331,799,825]" name="Poland" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Poland</collectingCountry>
(Rügenwalde = Darłowo and not the Isle of Rügen, erroneous interpretation of the label “Rügenw” pointed out by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B56B74CE10FE102FC99FE15FC94" author="Gorodkov, K. B." box="[319,496,835,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" pagination="15 - 45" refId="ref7400" refString="Gorodkov, K. B. (1984) Family Heleomyzidae. In: Soos, A. &amp; Papp, L. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, 10, pp. 15 - 45." type="journal article" year="1984">Gorodkov 1984</bibRefCitation>
as part of the type-locality), Spanish mainland,
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE43AFC99FBBFFC94" box="[1031,1114,835,861]" name="Tunisia" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
and, in the last decade, from
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE0AAFCBDFEACFC48" box="[151,329,871,897]" name="Netherlands" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B56B74CE10FE167FCBDFDA1FC48" author="van der Weele, R." box="[346,580,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" pagination="35 - 38" refId="ref8654" refString="van der Weele, R. (2013) Tephrochlaena oraria, een nieuwe afvalvlieg voor de Nederlandse fauna. Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 40, 35 - 38." type="journal article" year="2013">van der Weele 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Data on its presence in
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE35BFCBDFC23FC48" box="[870,966,871,897]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B56B74CE10FE3EAFCBDFAEEFC4B" author="Beron, P. &amp; Gueorguiev, V." box="[983,1291,871,898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" pagination="151 - 212" refId="ref7011" refString="Beron, P. &amp; Gueorguiev, V. (1967) Essai sur la faune cavernicole de Bulgarie. II. Resultats des recherches biospeleologiques de 1961 - 1965. Bulletin de l'Institut de zoologie et musee, Sofia, 24, 151 - 212." type="journal article" year="1967">Beron et Guéorguiev 1967</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE51DFCBDFAB6FC48" box="[1312,1363,871,897]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B56B74CE10FE559FCBDFEB7FC6C" author="Caoduro, G. &amp; Osella, G. &amp; Ruffo, S." pageId="8" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref7058" refString="Caoduro, G., Osella, G. &amp; Ruffo, S. (1994) La fauna cavernicola della regione veronese. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, Series IIa, Sez. Biologica, 11, 1 - 144." type="journal article" year="1994">
Caoduro
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B74CE10FE0EEFC51FEE3FC6C" box="[211,262,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">et al</emphasis>
. 1994
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE1A5FC51FE17FC6C" box="[408,498,907,933]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Czechia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B56B74CE10FE23FFC51FD49FC6C" author="Martinek, V." box="[514,684,907,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" pagination="523 - 528" refId="ref7774" refString="Martinek, V. (2001) New or scarce Acalyptrate flies (Diptera) found in the forests of the Czech and Slovak Republics. Journal of Forest Science, 47, 523 - 528." type="journal article" year="2001">Martinek 2001</bibRefCitation>
) are based on misidentifications and refer to species belonging to other genera. The material of “
<taxonomicName id="4C614D24B74CE10FE1CFFC75FCE2FC00" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[498,775,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Tephrochlaena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halterata">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B74CE10FE1CFFC75FCE2FC00" box="[498,775,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Tephrochlaena halterata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” cited by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF04B56B74CE10FE341FC75FB8CFC03" author="von der Dunk, K." box="[892,1129,943,970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" pagination="177 - 183" refId="ref7282" refString="von der Dunk, K. (2006) Zweifluger aus Bayern XXIV (Diptera: Heleomyzidae, Trixoscelididae). Entomofauna, 27, 177 - 183." type="journal article" year="2006">von der Dunk (2006)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingRegion id="49A5F845B74CE10FE492FC75FAE5FC00" box="[1199,1280,943,969]" country="Germany" name="Bayern" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Bayern</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="F3767637B74CE10FE532FC75FA9EFC00" box="[1295,1403,943,969]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Germany</collectingCountry>
) is unknown to us, but judging from the locality it belongs to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C614D24B74CE10FE3A7FC09FBA6FC24" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1862" box="[922,1091,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Tephrochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B915EAB5B74CE10FE3A7FC09FBA6FC24" box="[922,1091,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="173">Tephrochlamys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the genus name should be removed from the Checklist of Bavarian
<taxonomicName id="4C614D24B74CE10FE25FFC2DFD5FFBD8" baseAuthorityName="Gorodkov" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[610,698,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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