treatments-xml/data/03/B7/DE/03B7DE6C8A3DF863FF38C2FAFDF2C73B.xml

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<mods:title id="F54EFE98861869EA919E0B17BD555B74">Sponges associated with octocorals in the Indo-Pacific, with the description of four new species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A3DF865FF38C2FAFD41C5DB" blockId="18.[151,648,151,279]" box="[151,648,221,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0E9D8168A3DF865FF38C2FAFD41C5DB" bold="true" box="[151,648,221,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3DF865FF38C2FAFD41C5DB" ID-CoL="34ZZ4" authority="van Soest, 1998" authorityName="van Soest" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,648,221,247]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
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<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3DF865FF38C2FAFE08C5DB" bold="true" box="[151,449,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Desmapsamma vervoorti</emphasis>
van 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A3DF865FE52C2FAFD41C5DB" author="Soest" box="[509,648,221,247]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (1998) A new sponge Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. nov. (Poeciloslerida: Desmacididae) from Indonesia. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 323, 427 - 434." type="journal article" year="1998">Soest, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A3DF865FF38C2D8FE4BC43B" blockId="18.[151,648,151,279]" box="[151,386,255,279]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
(
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A–I) (
<tableCitation id="C69C5AC18A3DF865FE9DC2D8FEB3C43B" box="[306,378,255,279]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="18.[151,238,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[165,1413,1103,1879]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="TABLE 4. Spicule dimensions for Desmapsamma vervoorti van Soest, 1998 in µm, Indonesian specimens described here and original data from van Soest (1998), contrasted to Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882) sensu van Soest (1984)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF613FF28A3DF865FF38C1D0FABFC103" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="DF613FF28A3DF865FF38C1D0FABFC103">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A3DF865FF38C366FCD1C4C8" blockId="18.[151,1436,321,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Examined material. Sample Bugor 410 (bis1): 
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3DF865FD06C366FCD0C475" box="[681,793,321,345]" name="Indonesia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, North Sulawesi, Siladen 
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3DF865FBEFC366FB4EC475" box="[1088,1159,321,345]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Island</collectingCountry>
, 
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, 
<date id="FFA049BA8A3DF865FB72C366FA5EC475" box="[1245,1431,321,345]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2007-09">September 2007</date>
; sample Carramba 1: 
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3DF865FE2EC343FE38C450" box="[385,497,356,380]" name="Indonesia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3DF865FE52C343FD98C450" box="[509,593,356,380]" name="Indonesia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ambon</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3DF865FDF7C343FD56C450" box="[600,671,356,380]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Island</collectingCountry>
, Pintu Kota, depth not stated, 
<date id="FFA049BA8A3DF865FC5BC343FB7CC450" box="[1012,1205,356,380]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2008-10-12">12 October 2008</date>
; sample Carramba 
<specimenCount id="9D18A4F38A3DF865FA21C343FF74C4B2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">2 sp.</specimenCount>
1: 
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3DF865FF79C3A1FE8FC4B2" box="[214,326,390,414]" name="Indonesia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3DF865FEFCC3A1FE6EC4B2" box="[339,423,390,414]" name="Indonesia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ambon</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3DF865FE1FC3A1FE3EC4B2" box="[432,503,390,414]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Island</collectingCountry>
, Depan Tupa, depth not stated, 
<date id="FFA049BA8A3DF865FCC8C3A1FBE2C4B2" box="[871,1067,390,414]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2008-10-12">12 October 2008</date>
; sample Carramba 6: 
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3DF865FA87C3A1FA51C4B2" box="[1320,1432,390,414]" name="Indonesia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3DF865FF38C38EFF22C4ED" box="[151,235,425,449]" name="Indonesia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ambon</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3DF865FF5DC38EFEF0C4ED" box="[242,313,425,449]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Island</collectingCountry>
, Shipwreck, depth not stated, 
<date id="FFA049BA8A3DF865FD25C38EFC80C4ED" box="[650,841,425,449]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2008-10-14">14 October 2008</date>
; sample Carramba 
<specimenCount id="9D18A4F38A3DF865FB8EC38EFB9FC4ED" box="[1057,1110,425,449]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="generic">8 sp.</specimenCount>
2: 
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3DF865FBD5C38EFB23C4ED" box="[1146,1258,425,449]" name="Indonesia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3DF865FB5AC38EFA80C4ED" box="[1269,1353,425,449]" name="Indonesia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ambon</collectingCountry>
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3DF865FAFFC38EFA5EC4ED" box="[1360,1431,425,449]" name="Iceland" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Island</collectingCountry>
, Tanjung Sial (Semur), depth not stated, 
<date id="FFA049BA8A3DF865FDFAC3EBFCDCC4C8" box="[597,789,460,484]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2008-10-15">15 October 2008</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A3DF865FF68C3C9FF18C7BD" blockId="18.[151,1436,321,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Description. Thick (about 
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) encrusting sponge that completely covers 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3DF865FBFFC3C8FB26C72A" box="[1104,1263,495,518]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Carijoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="riisei">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3DF865FBFFC3C8FB26C72A" box="[1104,1263,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Carijoa riisei</emphasis>
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colonies (
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A), leaving only polyp openings free. Surface macroscopically reticulated by large amounts of sediment (
<figureCitation id="132573FF8A3DF865FAC1C036FF7DC760" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,183,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[157,1434,183,1898]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Desmapsamma vervoorti van Soest, 1998. A, Sponge growing on Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Reticulated surface of the sponge with large amount of sediment; C, Regular ectosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas and sand grains; D, Choanosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas organised in a rather irregular reticulum; E, Oxea and close up of the extremities; F, Isochela I; G, Isochela II; H, Sigma I; I, Sigma II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248161/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
B). Consistency firm, with surface tough and compressible. Pale pink to light orange 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3DF865FB6CC012FAC6C760" box="[1219,1295,565,588]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Iophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="situ">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3DF865FB6CC012FAC6C760" box="[1219,1295,565,588]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">in situ</emphasis>
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; the colour persists in ethanol (
<figureCitation id="132573FF8A3DF865FED1C071FE1BC742" box="[382,466,598,622]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,183,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[157,1434,183,1898]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Desmapsamma vervoorti van Soest, 1998. A, Sponge growing on Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Reticulated surface of the sponge with large amount of sediment; C, Regular ectosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas and sand grains; D, Choanosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas organised in a rather irregular reticulum; E, Oxea and close up of the extremities; F, Isochela I; G, Isochela II; H, Sigma I; I, Sigma II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248161/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A, B). The collected specimens are fragments of colonies of octocoral up to 
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long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A3DF865FF68C0BBFEC6C64D" blockId="18.[151,1436,321,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Skeleton. The ectosomal skeleton is an almost regular reticulation of paucispicular (about 1–4 spicules) tracts of oxeas often reinforced by sand grains (
<figureCitation id="132573FF8A3DF865FD75C099FCF9C7FA" box="[730,816,702,726]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,183,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[157,1434,183,1898]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Desmapsamma vervoorti van Soest, 1998. A, Sponge growing on Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Reticulated surface of the sponge with large amount of sediment; C, Regular ectosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas and sand grains; D, Choanosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas organised in a rather irregular reticulum; E, Oxea and close up of the extremities; F, Isochela I; G, Isochela II; H, Sigma I; I, Sigma II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248161/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
C). Sometimes foreign bodies completely substitute oxeas. The choanosomal skeleton consists of tracts of oxeas organised in a rather irregular reticulum; sometimes a more regular, isotropic skeleton is detectable (
<figureCitation id="132573FF8A3DF865FCCCC123FC70C630" box="[867,953,772,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,183,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[157,1434,183,1898]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Desmapsamma vervoorti van Soest, 1998. A, Sponge growing on Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Reticulated surface of the sponge with large amount of sediment; C, Regular ectosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas and sand grains; D, Choanosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas organised in a rather irregular reticulum; E, Oxea and close up of the extremities; F, Isochela I; G, Isochela II; H, Sigma I; I, Sigma II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248161/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
D). In the ectosome these tracts open in bouquets making the surface hispid. Low quantities of sand are present in the meshes of the choanosomal reticulum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A3DF865FF68C14BFC3EC6E5" blockId="18.[151,1436,321,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Spicules. Oxeas with hastate points (
<figureCitation id="132573FF8A3DF865FDC4C14BFD75C6A8" box="[619,700,876,900]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,183,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[157,1434,183,1898]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Desmapsamma vervoorti van Soest, 1998. A, Sponge growing on Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Reticulated surface of the sponge with large amount of sediment; C, Regular ectosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas and sand grains; D, Choanosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas organised in a rather irregular reticulum; E, Oxea and close up of the extremities; F, Isochela I; G, Isochela II; H, Sigma I; I, Sigma II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248161/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
E), 105 – 240 x 1.2 – 11.2 μm. Isochelae in two categories (
<figureCitation id="132573FF8A3DF865FAC1C14BFF79C68A" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,183,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[157,1434,183,1898]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Desmapsamma vervoorti van Soest, 1998. A, Sponge growing on Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Reticulated surface of the sponge with large amount of sediment; C, Regular ectosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas and sand grains; D, Choanosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas organised in a rather irregular reticulum; E, Oxea and close up of the extremities; F, Isochela I; G, Isochela II; H, Sigma I; I, Sigma II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248161/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
F, G): isochelae 
<date id="FFA049BA8A3DF865FEC7C1A8FE5DC68A" box="[360,404,910,934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1915-01">I 15</date>
– 21.3 μm, isochelae II 7.5 – 13.8 μm. Sigmas in two categories (
<figureCitation id="132573FF8A3DF865FBDBC1A9FB0BC68A" box="[1140,1218,910,934]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1918,1941]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,183,1897]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[157,1434,183,1898]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Desmapsamma vervoorti van Soest, 1998. A, Sponge growing on Carijoa riisei in situ; B, Reticulated surface of the sponge with large amount of sediment; C, Regular ectosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas and sand grains; D, Choanosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas organised in a rather irregular reticulum; E, Oxea and close up of the extremities; F, Isochela I; G, Isochela II; H, Sigma I; I, Sigma II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248161/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
H, I): sigmas 
<date id="FFA049BA8A3DF865FAF4C1A8FA4EC68A" box="[1371,1415,910,934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1920-01">I 20</date>
– 43.8 μm sigmas 
<date id="FFA049BA8A3DF865FEFFC195FE4CC6E5" box="[336,389,945,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2010-02">II 10</date>
– 18.8 μm. Refer to 
<tableCitation id="C69C5AC18A3DF865FDC1C196FD7AC6E5" box="[622,691,945,969]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="18.[151,238,1015,1039]" captionTargetBox="[165,1413,1103,1879]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="TABLE 4. Spicule dimensions for Desmapsamma vervoorti van Soest, 1998 in µm, Indonesian specimens described here and original data from van Soest (1998), contrasted to Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882) sensu van Soest (1984)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF613FF28A3DF865FF38C1D0FABFC103" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="DF613FF28A3DF865FF38C1D0FABFC103">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
for complete measurements.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF613FF28A3DF865FF38C1D0FABFC103" ID-Table-UUID="DF613FF28A3DF865FF38C1D0FABFC103" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF613FF28A3DF865FF38C1D0FABFC103" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[165,1413,1103,1879]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A3DF865FF38C1D0FABFC103" blockId="18.[151,1436,1015,1071]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3DF865FF38C1D0FEC0C123" bold="true" box="[151,265,1015,1039]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Spicule dimensions for 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3DF865FDA5C1DFFC09C123" authority="van Soest, 1998" authorityName="van Soest" authorityYear="1998" box="[522,960,1016,1039]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3DF865FDA5C1DFFCD8C123" box="[522,785,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Desmapsamma vervoorti</emphasis>
van Soest, 1998
</taxonomicName>
in µm, Indonesian specimens described here and original data from van Soest (1998), contrasted to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3DF865FD61C63FFABBC103" authority="(Carter, 1882) sensu van Soest (1984)" authorityName="(Carter, 1882) sensu van Soest" authorityYear="1984" box="[718,1394,1048,1071]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anchorata">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3DF865FD61C63FFC16C103" box="[718,991,1048,1071]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Desmapsamma anchorata</emphasis>
(Carter, 1882) 
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3DF865FBD1C63FFB71C103" box="[1150,1208,1048,1071]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">sensu</emphasis>
van Soest (1984)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A3DF865FE6FC642FB3CC21B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<table id="F91E9DDA8A3D0788FF0AC668FA4CC27B" box="[165,1413,1103,1879]" gridcols="6" gridrows="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<tr id="352E6D388A3D0788FF0AC668FA4CC1A3" box="[165,1413,1103,1167]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76FF04448A3D0788FED9C668FD89C1A3" box="[374,576,1103,1167]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Oxeas</th>
<th id="76FF04448A3D0788FDCDC668FCB1C1A3" box="[610,888,1103,1167]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Isochelae I II</th>
<th id="76FF04448A3D0788FC35C668FBFEC1A3" box="[922,1079,1103,1167]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">I</th>
<th id="76FF04448A3D0788FBF4C668FB3CC1A3" box="[1115,1269,1103,1167]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Sigmas II</th>
<th id="76FF04448A3D0788FAB3C668FA4CC1A3" box="[1308,1413,1103,1167]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">III</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352E6D388A3D0788FF0AC682FA4CC1D5" box="[165,1413,1189,1273]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<th id="76FF04448A3D0788FF0AC682FE99C1D5" box="[165,336,1189,1273]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3DF865FF0AC692FF28C1C5" authority="Bugor" authorityName="Bugor" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3DF865FF0AC692FED2C1E6" box="[165,283,1205,1226]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. vervoorti</emphasis>
Bugor
</taxonomicName>
410 (bis 1)
</th>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FED9C682FD89C1D5" box="[374,576,1189,1273]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">142.5 – (165 ± 15.9) – 187.5 x 1.2 – (6.3 ± 1.3) – 7.5</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FDCDC682FCB1C1D5" box="[610,888,1189,1273]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">15 – (16.6 ± 7.5 – (10.3 ± 1.6) – 20 1.5) – 12.5</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FC35C682FBFEC1D5" box="[922,1079,1189,1273]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">27.5 – (30.7 ± 1.7) – 32.5</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FBF4C682FB3CC1D5" box="[1115,1269,1189,1273]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">10 – (12 ± 1) – 12.5</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FAB3C682FA4CC1D5" box="[1308,1413,1189,1273]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352E6D388A3D0788FF0AC728FA4CC048" box="[165,1413,1295,1380]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<th id="76FF04448A3D0788FF0AC728FE99C048" box="[165,336,1295,1380]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3DF865FF0AC738FECDC078" authority="Carramba" authorityName="Carramba" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3DF865FF0AC738FED2C018" box="[165,283,1311,1332]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. vervoorti</emphasis>
Carramba
</taxonomicName>
2 sp.1
</th>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FED9C728FD89C048" box="[374,576,1295,1380]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">120 – (160.9 ± 13.3) – 190 x 1.2 – (4.8 ± 2.1) – 8.7</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FDCDC728FCB1C048" box="[610,888,1295,1380]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">16.2 – (17.9 8.8 – (11.4 ± ± 1.2) – 20 1.2) – 13.8</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FC35C728FBFEC048" box="[922,1079,1295,1380]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">25 – (30.7 ± 4.3) – 40</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FBF4C728FB3CC048" box="[1115,1269,1295,1380]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">11.2 – (12.4 ± 1.2) – 13.7</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FAB3C728FA4CC048" box="[1308,1413,1295,1380]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352E6D388A3D0788FF0AC75EFA4CC0E2" box="[165,1413,1401,1486]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<th id="76FF04448A3D0788FF0AC75EFE99C0E2" box="[165,336,1401,1486]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3DF865FF0AC7AEFECDC092" authority="Carramba" authorityName="Carramba" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3DF865FF0AC7AEFED2C0B2" box="[165,283,1417,1438]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. vervoorti</emphasis>
Carramba
</taxonomicName>
1
</th>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FED9C75EFD89C0E2" box="[374,576,1401,1486]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">105 – (160.7 ± 15.9) – 240 x 1.2 – (4.9 ± 2.1) – 11.2</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FDCDC75EFCB1C0E2" box="[610,888,1401,1486]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">15 – (17 ± 10 – (11.4 ± 1.7) – 21.3 1.3) – 13.8</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FC35C75EFBFEC0E2" box="[922,1079,1401,1486]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">20 – (30.4 ± 4.5) – 43.8</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FBF4C75EFB3CC0E2" box="[1115,1269,1401,1486]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">11.3 – (13.5 ± 1.8) – 18.8</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FAB3C75EFA4CC0E2" box="[1308,1413,1401,1486]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352E6D388A3D0788FF0AC7C4FA4CC314" box="[165,1413,1507,1592]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<th id="76FF04448A3D0788FF0AC7C4FE99C314" box="[165,336,1507,1592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3DF865FF0AC7D3FECDC304" authority="Carramba" authorityName="Carramba" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3DF865FF0AC7D3FED2C325" box="[165,283,1524,1545]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. vervoorti</emphasis>
Carramba
</taxonomicName>
8 sp.2
</th>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FED9C7C4FD89C314" box="[374,576,1507,1592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">150 – (170.7 ± 7.8) – 185 x 3.7 – (6 ± 1.5) – 8.8</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FDCDC7C4FCB1C314" box="[610,888,1507,1592]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">15 – (17.8 ± 8.7 – (11.4 ± 1.7) – 20 1.5) – 13.8</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FC35C7C4FBFEC314" box="[922,1079,1507,1592]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">20 – (29.9 ± 5.6) – 38.7</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FBF4C7C4FB3CC314" box="[1115,1269,1507,1592]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">11.2 – (14.4 ± 1.9) – 17.5</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FAB3C7C4FA4CC314" box="[1308,1413,1507,1592]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352E6D388A3D0788FF0AC469FA4CC38E" box="[165,1413,1614,1698]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<th id="76FF04448A3D0788FF0AC469FE99C38E" box="[165,336,1614,1698]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3DF865FF0AC479FECDC3BF" authority="Carramba" authorityName="Carramba" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3DF865FF0AC479FED2C35F" box="[165,283,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. vervoorti</emphasis>
Carramba
</taxonomicName>
6
</th>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FED9C469FD89C38E" box="[374,576,1614,1698]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">155 – (181.1 ± 19.5) – 225 x 1.3 – (5.1 ± 2.4) – 10</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FDCDC469FCB1C38E" box="[610,888,1614,1698]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">15 – (16.9 ± 11.2 – (12.2 1.2) – 18.8 ± 0.6) – 12.5</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FC35C469FBFEC38E" box="[922,1079,1614,1698]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">21.2 – (28.1 ± 3.6) – 33.8</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FBF4C469FB3CC38E" box="[1115,1269,1614,1698]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">11.2 – (15.1 ± 2) – 18.8</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FAB3C469FA4CC38E" box="[1308,1413,1614,1698]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352E6D388A3D0788FF0AC49FFA4CC3C1" box="[165,1413,1720,1773]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<th id="76FF04448A3D0788FF0AC49FFE99C3C1" box="[165,336,1720,1773]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3DF865FF0AC49FFE89C3C1" authority="van Soest (1998)" authorityName="van Soest" authorityYear="1998" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3DF865FF0AC49FFE84C3E1" box="[165,333,1720,1741]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. vervoorti sensu</emphasis>
van Soest (1998)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FED9C49FFD89C3C1" box="[374,576,1720,1773]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">186 – (197.2) – 213 x 7 – (8.4) – 10</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FDCDC49FFCB1C3C1" box="[610,888,1720,1773]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">18 – (19.5) – 10 – (11.8) – 21 13</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FC35C49FFBFEC3C1" box="[922,1079,1720,1773]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">33 – (36.6) – 40</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FBF4C49FFB3CC3C1" box="[1115,1269,1720,1773]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">18 – (23.5) – 29</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FAB3C49FFA4CC3C1" box="[1308,1413,1720,1773]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">12 – (13.9) – 15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352E6D388A3D0788FF0AC524FA4CC27B" box="[165,1413,1795,1879]" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="76FF04448A3D0788FF0AC524FE99C27B" box="[165,336,1795,1879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3DF865FF0AC524FE81C27B" authority="van Soest (1984)" authorityName="van Soest" authorityYear="1984" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anchorata">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3DF865FF0AC524FE8AC21B" box="[165,323,1795,1847]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Desmapsamma anchorata sensu</emphasis>
van Soest (1984)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FED9C524FD89C27B" box="[374,576,1795,1879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">144 – (167.6) – 190 x 3 – (4.9) – 9</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FDCDC524FCB1C27B" box="[610,888,1795,1879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">8 – (14.1) – 20</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FC35C524FBFEC27B" box="[922,1079,1795,1879]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">19 – (25.7) – 39</td>
<td id="76FF04448A3D0788FBF4C524FB3CC27B" box="[1115,1269,1795,1879]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">11 – (12.9) – 16</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF613FF28A3CF864FF38C559FE36C2DD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248161/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[157,1433,183,1897]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A3CF864FF38C559FE36C2DD" blockId="19.[151,1436,1918,2033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3CF864FF38C559FED7C2B8" bold="true" box="[151,286,1918,1941]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3CF864FE8BC5A7FD07C2B8" authority="van Soest, 1998" authorityName="van Soest" authorityYear="1998" box="[292,718,1919,1941]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3CF864FE8BC5A7FDEAC2B9" box="[292,547,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Desmapsamma vervoorti</emphasis>
van Soest, 1998
</taxonomicName>
. A, Sponge growing on 
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3CF864FC6BC558FB58C2B9" box="[964,1169,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3CF864FC6BC558FB84C2B9" box="[964,1101,1919,1941]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Carijoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="riisei">Carijoa riisei</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3CF864FBFCC5A7FB58C2B9" box="[1107,1169,1920,1941]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Iophon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="situ">in situ</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
; B, Reticulated surface of the sponge with large amount of sediment; C, Regular ectosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas and sand grains; D, Choanosomal skeleton of tracts of oxeas organised in a rather irregular reticulum; E, Oxea and close up of the extremities; F, Isochela I; G, Isochela II; H, Sigma I; I, Sigma II.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A3BF863FF68C2B0FAEAC413" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Distribution and remarks. 
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3BF863FE52C2B0FDA3C583" box="[509,618,151,175]" name="Indonesia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(van 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A3BF863FD1AC2B0FCF0C583" author="Soest" box="[693,825,151,175]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (1998) A new sponge Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. nov. (Poeciloslerida: Desmacididae) from Indonesia. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 323, 427 - 434." type="journal article" year="1998">Soest 1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A3BF863FCE5C2B0FBFCC583" author="Calcinai" box="[842,1077,151,175]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Calcinai, B., Bavestrello, G. &amp; Cerrano, C. (2004) Dispersal and association of two alien species in the Indonesian coral reefs: the octocoral Carijoa riisei and the demosponge Desmapsamma anchorata. Journal of the marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 84, 937 - 941. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315404010227 h" type="journal article" year="2004">Calcinai et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3BF863FBCBC2BEFB36C59C" box="[1124,1279,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anchorata">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3BF863FBCBC2BEFB36C59C" box="[1124,1279,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. anchorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). This genus includes three species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3BF863FE0DC29AFD2DC5F8" authority="Carter, 1882" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1882" box="[418,740,188,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anchorata">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3BF863FE0DC29AFDF3C5F8" box="[418,570,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. anchorata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A3BF863FDE4C29BFD15C5F8" author="Carter" box="[587,732,188,212]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Carter, H. J. (1882) Some Sponges from the West Indies and Acapulco in the Liverpool Free Museum described, with general and classificatory Remarks. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 9 (52), 266 - 301, 346 - 368." type="journal article" year="1882">Carter, 1882</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the Tropical Western Atlantic, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3BF863FB3EC29AFF06C5DB" authority="van Soest, 1998" authorityName="van Soest" authorityYear="1998" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3BF863FB3EC29AFAD4C5F8" box="[1169,1309,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. vervoorti</emphasis>
van 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A3BF863FAF7C29BFF06C5DB" author="Soest" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (1998) A new sponge Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. nov. (Poeciloslerida: Desmacididae) from Indonesia. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 323, 427 - 434." type="journal article" year="1998">Soest, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3BF863FEB8C2F8FE4DC5DB" box="[279,388,223,247]" name="Indonesia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3BF863FE11C2C6FD0FC5DB" authority="Carter, 1885" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1885" box="[446,710,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="turbo">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3BF863FE11C2C6FDD6C5D4" box="[446,543,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. turbo</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A3BF863FD80C2F8FD77C5DB" author="Carter" box="[559,702,223,247]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Carter, H. J. (1885) Descriptions of Sponges from the Neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 15 (87), 196 - 222." type="journal article" year="1885">Carter, 1885</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F3092FEA8A3BF863FCA1C2F8FCBCC5DB" box="[782,885,223,247]" name="Australia" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Australia</collectingCountry>
(van 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A3BF863FC16C2F8FBB2C5DB" author="Soest" box="[953,1147,223,247]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Soest, R. W. M van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., Voogd, N. J. de, Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Vacelet, J., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R. &amp; Klautau, M. (2011) World Porifera database. Available online from http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 2011)." type="book chapter" year="2011">Soest et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Differences between 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3BF863FA2EC2C6FF37C430" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3BF863FA2EC2C6FF37C430" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. vervoorti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3BF863FE97C322FE06C430" box="[312,463,260,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anchorata">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3BF863FE97C322FE06C430" box="[312,463,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. anchorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are considered inconspicuous by van 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A3BF863FC29C323FBD1C430" author="Soest" box="[902,1048,260,284]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (1998) A new sponge Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. nov. (Poeciloslerida: Desmacididae) from Indonesia. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 323, 427 - 434." type="journal article" year="1998">Soest (1998)</bibRefCitation>
, but their geographical separation makes the conspecificity unlikely. The description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3BF863FD40C30EFC87C46C" box="[751,846,296,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="turbo">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3BF863FD40C30EFC87C46C" box="[751,846,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. turbo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is too brief to allow for any comparisons.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A3BF863FF68C36AFDFFC4AB" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
In contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3BF863FECCC36AFD7DC448" authority="van Soest (1998)" authorityName="van Soest" authorityYear="1998" box="[355,692,332,356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3BF863FECCC36AFE25C448" box="[355,492,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D. vervoorti</emphasis>
van 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A3BF863FD8CC36BFD7DC448" author="Soest" box="[547,692,332,356]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van (1998) A new sponge Desmapsamma vervoorti spec. nov. (Poeciloslerida: Desmacididae) from Indonesia. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 323, 427 - 434." type="journal article" year="1998">Soest (1998)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, our samples do not have three clear categories of sigmas, and the choanosomal skeleton is less regular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA16F7A8A3BF863FF68C3B3FDF2C73B" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
The recent discovery of the octocoral genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3BF863FD13C3B2FCDAC480" box="[700,787,405,428]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Carijoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3BF863FD13C3B2FCDAC480" box="[700,787,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Carijoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being native to the Indo-Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A3BF863FB22C3B3FA5CC480" author="Concepcion" box="[1165,1429,404,428]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Concepcion, G. T., Kahng, S. E., Crepeaul, M. W., Franklin, E. C., Coles, S. L. &amp; Toonen, R. J. (2010) Resolving natural ranges and marine invasions in a globally distributed octocoral (genus Carijoa). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 401, 113 - 127. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3354 / meps 08364" type="journal article" year="2010">Concepcion et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
) refutes the hypothesis that 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3BF863FE7DC39FFDF9C4FC" box="[466,560,440,464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Carijoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="riisei">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3BF863FE7DC39FFDF9C4FC" box="[466,560,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. riisei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its associated fauna are introduced species to this area (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A3BF863FB57C390FF1DC4D8" author="Calcinai" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Calcinai, B., Bavestrello, G. &amp; Cerrano, C. (2004) Dispersal and association of two alien species in the Indonesian coral reefs: the octocoral Carijoa riisei and the demosponge Desmapsamma anchorata. Journal of the marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 84, 937 - 941. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315404010227 h" type="journal article" year="2004">Calcinai et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Interestingly, the Caribbean 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3BF863FD86C3FAFD1DC4D8" box="[553,724,477,500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Desmacididae" genus="Desmapsamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3BF863FD86C3FAFD1DC4D8" box="[553,724,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Desmapsamma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also frequently associated with octocorals, particularly with 
<taxonomicName id="4C1E14F98A3BF863FF38C027FDFEC73B" authority="McLean &amp; Yoshioka 2007" authorityName="McLean &amp; Yoshioka" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,567,511,536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Carijoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="riisei">
<emphasis id="B96AB3688A3BF863FF38C027FF38C734" box="[151,241,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. riisei</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F128B8A3BF863FF50C3D8FDE6C73B" author="McLean" box="[255,559,511,535]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="McLean, E. L. &amp; Yoshioka, P. M. (2007) Associations and interactions between gorgonians and sponges. In: Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E. &amp; Muricy, G. (Eds.), Porifera Research: Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability. Rio de Janeiro: Museu Nacional, Serie Livros 28, pp. 443 - 448." type="journal article" year="2007">McLean &amp; Yoshioka 2007</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>