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<mods:title id="0997B55EBCCDAE3867B5681F96D81B81">A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0068E3193C8200FF6AFA61FDD4FA06" authority="(Say, 1831a)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[151,538,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Euschistus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristigmus">
<emphasis id="B974CF72193C8200FF6AFA61FE48FA07" box="[151,390,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Euschistus tristigmus</emphasis>
(
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<emphasis id="B974CF72193C8200FF3AFA0DFE57FA22" bold="true" box="[199,409,1483,1509]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">New state record:</emphasis>
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:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B974CF72193C8200FDE1FA0DFD78FA22" box="[540,694,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCounty id="62DE6BEC193C8200FDE1FA0DFD61FA22" box="[540,687,1483,1509]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Conecuh Co.</collectingCounty>
:
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S jct. 
<collectingCountry id="F31753F0193C8200FCACFA0DFC4DFA22" box="[849,899,1483,1509]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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31 &amp; 84, 
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. 
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&amp; 
<collectorName id="26F576B6193C8200FA71FA0DFEC2F9CE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">I. J. Cantrall</collectorName>
, #103 (
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<collectingCounty id="62DE6BEC193C8200FE08FA29FD83F9CE" box="[501,589,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lee Co.</collectingCounty>
:
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, 
<date id="FFBE35A0193C8200FD41FA29FC9BF9CE" box="[700,853,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1983-08-17">
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<collectorName id="26F576B6193C8200FC9DFA29FC2DF9CE" box="[864,995,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">J. A. Moore</collectorName>
(
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)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B68193D193C8200FB93FA29FDB2F9EA" collectingDate="1982-07-06" collectionCode="DAR" collectorName="D. A. Rider" country="United States of America" location="Co." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Alabama">
<quantity id="4CF8BE85193C8200FB93FA29FB72F9CE" box="[1134,1212,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mi" value="0.3">0.3 mi.</quantity>
S 
<location id="8EDF45BB193C8200FB25FA29FACEF9CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9A276193C8207FF6AFA61FD51FDDF:8EDF45BB193C8200FB25FA29FACEF9CE" box="[1240,1280,1519,1545]" country="United States of America" name="Co." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Alabama">Co.</location>
26, 
<quantity id="4CF8BE85193C8200FAD2FA29FAB3F9CE" box="[1327,1405,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mi" value="0.1">0.1 mi.</quantity>
W 
<collectingCountry id="F31753F0193C8200FF6AF9D5FF75F9EA" box="[151,187,1555,1581]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">US</collectingCountry>
29, 
<date id="FFBE35A0193C8200FF11F9D5FEA0F9EA" box="[236,366,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1982-07-06">
<collectingDate id="EFFACC48193C8200FF11F9D5FEA0F9EA" box="[236,366,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1982-07-06">6-VII-1982</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26F576B6193C8200FE84F9D5FE34F9EA" box="[377,506,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. A. Rider</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D06D8E9193C8200FDF1F9D5FDE3F9EA" box="[524,557,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="ED118BA5193C8200FDC9F9D5FDBAF9EA" box="[564,628,1555,1581]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13816" name="Plant Pathology Herbarium" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">DAR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B68193D193C8200FD7AF9D5FADEF9EA" box="[647,1296,1554,1581]" collectingDate="1981-06-21" collectionCode="DAR" collectorName="Rider" country="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Alabama">
[no specific locality], 
<date id="FFBE35A0193C8200FC81F9D5FBCDF9EA" box="[892,1027,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1981-06-21">
<collectingDate id="EFFACC48193C8200FC81F9D5FBCDF9EA" box="[892,1027,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1981-06-21">21-VI-1981</collectingDate>
</date>
, D. A. 
<collectorName id="26F576B6193C8200FBACF9D5FB41F9EA" box="[1105,1167,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rider</collectorName>
(
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)
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, 
<materialsCitation id="3B68193D193C8200FAE6F9D5FE55F996" collectingDate="1981-10-11" collectionCode="DAR" collectorName="Rider" country="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Alabama">
<date id="FFBE35A0193C8200FAE6F9D5FA59F9EA" box="[1307,1431,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1981-10-11">
<collectingDate id="EFFACC48193C8200FAE6F9D5FA59F9EA" box="[1307,1431,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1981-10-11">11-X-1981</collectingDate>
</date>
, D. A. 
<collectorName id="26F576B6193C8200FF27F9F1FED6F996" box="[218,280,1591,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rider</collectorName>
(
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<collectionCode id="ED118BA5193C8200FEAEF9F1FE5DF996" box="[339,403,1591,1617]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13816" name="Plant Pathology Herbarium" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">DAR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B974CF72193C8200FF3AF99CFEADF9B3" bold="true" box="[199,355,1626,1652]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F31753F0193C8200FE96F99DFE0DF9B2" box="[363,451,1627,1653]" name="Canada" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Canada</collectingCountry>
: AB (
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193C8200FDF9F99DFD0BF9B2" author="Maw, H. E. L. &amp; Foottit, R. G. &amp; Hamilton, K. G. A. &amp; Scudder, G. G. E." box="[516,709,1627,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref54903" refString="Maw, H. E. L., Foottit, R. G., Hamilton, K. G. A. &amp; Scudder, G. G. E. (2000) Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. National Research Council of Canada, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 220 pp. Canada," type="book" year="2000">
Maw 
<emphasis id="B974CF72193C8200FDB5F99DFD4FF9B2" box="[584,641,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
), BC (
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193C8200FCF2F99DFC1EF9B2" author="Maw, H. E. L. &amp; Foottit, R. G. &amp; Hamilton, K. G. A. &amp; Scudder, G. G. E." box="[783,976,1627,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref54903" refString="Maw, H. E. L., Foottit, R. G., Hamilton, K. G. A. &amp; Scudder, G. G. E. (2000) Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. National Research Council of Canada, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 220 pp. Canada," type="book" year="2000">
Maw 
<emphasis id="B974CF72193C8200FCAFF99DFC42F9B2" box="[850,908,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
), MB (
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193C8200FBDDF99DFB76F9B2" author="Criddle, N." box="[1056,1208,1627,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref47029" refString="Criddle, N. (1921) The entomological record, 1920. Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 51, 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="1921">Criddle 1921</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193C8200FB38F99DFA98F9B2" author="Walley, G. S." box="[1221,1366,1627,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="120 - 124" refId="ref67823" refString="Walley, G. S. (1929) Hemiptera. In: Criddle, N., The entomological record, 1928. Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 59, pp. 120 - 124." type="journal article" year="1929">Walley 1929</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193C8200FA9EF99DFEDCF95E" author="Maw, H. E. L. &amp; Foottit, R. G. &amp; Hamilton, K. G. A. &amp; Scudder, G. G. E." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref54903" refString="Maw, H. E. L., Foottit, R. G., Hamilton, K. G. A. &amp; Scudder, G. G. E. (2000) Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. National Research Council of Canada, NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 220 pp. Canada," type="book" year="2000">
Maw 
<emphasis id="B974CF72193C8200FF6AF9B9FF01F95E" box="[151,207,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
), NB (
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193C8200FEA6F9B9FE24F95E" author="Brown, A. W. A." box="[347,490,1663,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref46104" refString="Brown, A. W. A. (1941) Foliage insects of spruce in Canada. Canadian Department of Agriculture, Publication 712. Technical Bulletin, 31, 1 - 30, 2 pls., keys." type="journal article" year="1941">Brown 1941</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193C8200FE0BF9B9FD4AF95E" author="Morris, R. F." box="[502,644,1663,1689]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1197 - 1207" refId="ref56620" refString="Morris, R. F. (1972) Predation by insects and spiders inhabiting colonial webs of Hyphantria cunea. The Canadian Entomologist, 104 (8), 1197 - 1207. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1041197 - 8" type="journal article" year="1972">Morris 1972</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193C8200FD66F859FCF4F87E" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[667,826,1951,1977]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="206 - 219" refId="ref54655" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1919) Subfamily Thyreocorinae [and] Addenda. In: Hart, C. A., The Pentatomoidea of Illinois with keys to the Nearctic genera. In: Malloch, J. R. (Ed.), Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 13, pp. 206 - 219. https: // doi. org / 10.21900 / j. inhs. v 13.331" type="journal article" year="1919">Malloch 1919</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193C8200FCB8F859FC23F87E" author="Williams, A. H." box="[837,1005,1951,1977]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="16 - 29" refId="ref68655" refString="Williams, A. H. (2004) Feeding records of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Wisconsin. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 37 (1 - 2), 16 - 29." type="journal article" year="2004">Williams 2004</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193C8200FC05F858FBFBF87E" author="Williams, A. H." box="[1016,1077,1950,1977]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="192 - 198" refId="ref68693" refString="Williams, A. H. (2015) Feeding records of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Wisconsin, supplement. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 48 (3 - 4), 192 - 198." type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
). (
<collectingCountry id="F31753F0193C8200FBB2F859FB67F87E" box="[1103,1193,1951,1977]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F31753F0193C8200FB49F859FAE1F87D" box="[1204,1327,1951,1978]" name="Guatemala" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A40EB193C8207FF3AF804FD51FDDF" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBF1360193C8207FF3AF804FD51FDDF" blockId="19.[151,1437,1447,2013]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,150,536]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B974CF72193C8200FF3AF804FE9CF81B" bold="true" box="[199,338,1986,2012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Comments:</emphasis>
This species, commonly called the dusky stink bug, has also traditionally been split into two subspecies. The nominate form (with humeral angles acute) is more southern in distribution while the form 
<emphasis id="B974CF72193B8207FAB0FF50FA52FF77" box="[1357,1436,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">luridus</emphasis>
(humeral angles rounded) is more northern. Similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C0068E3193B8207FD0EFF7CFC77FF13" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[755,953,186,212]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Euschistus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="servus">
<emphasis id="B974CF72193B8207FD0EFF7CFC77FF13" box="[755,953,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Euschistus servus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, these two forms appear to be broadly sympatric with numerous intermediates in the area of overlap; also the studies by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193B8207FBFCFF18FB03FF3F" author="McPherson, J. E." box="[1025,1229,222,248]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="943 - 952" refId="ref55250" refString="McPherson, J. E. (1974) Photoperiod effects in a southern Illinois population of the Euschistus tristigmus complex (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 67 (6), 943 - 952. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 67.6.943" type="journal article" year="1974">McPherson (1974</bibRefCitation>
, 1975, 1976a) and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193B8207FF6AFEC4FE30FEDA" author="McPherson, J. E. &amp; Vangeison, K. W." box="[151,510,258,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="205 - 206" refId="ref55783" refString="McPherson, J. E. &amp; Vangeison, K. W. (1975) Effects of photoperiod on a population of Euschistus tristigmus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Gainesville, Fla. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68 (2), 205 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 68.2.205" type="journal article" year="1975">McPherson &amp; Vangeison (1975)</bibRefCitation>
have shown that the form of the humeral angles may be controlled by environmental factors (e.g., day length). In our opinion, this does not fit our definition of a subspecies. We prefer to recognize this taxon as a single species with northern and southern forms. Furthermore, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193B8207FC01FE8CFB5EFEA2" author="Uhler, P. R." box="[1020,1168,330,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="21 - 24" refId="ref66292" refString="Uhler, P. R. (1861) Descriptions of a few new species of Hemiptera, and observations upon some already described. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 1 (1), 21 - 24." type="journal article" year="1861">Uhler (1861)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193B8207FB66FE8DFAA6FEA3" author="Van Duzee, E. P." box="[1179,1384,330,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref67052" refString="Van Duzee, E. P. (1904) Annotated list of the Pentatomidae recorded from America, north of Mexico, with descriptions of some new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 30 (1), 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1904">
<collectingRegion id="49C4DD82193B8207FB66FE8DFB09FEA2" box="[1179,1223,331,357]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Van</collectingRegion>
Duzee (1904)
</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193B8207FF6AFEA8FE8FFE4F" author="Rolston, L. H." box="[151,321,366,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref60221" refString="Rolston, L. H. (1974) Revision of the genus Euschistus in Middle America (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatomini). Entomologica Americana, 48 (1), 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1974">Rolston (1974)</bibRefCitation>
treated both forms as synonyms. This species has been recorded from 
<collectingRegion id="49C4DD82193B8207FB96FEA8FB1EFE4F" box="[1131,1232,366,392]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Alabama</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion id="49C4DD82193B8207FAF4FEA8FAB0FE4F" box="[1289,1406,366,392]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
in an unpublished thesis (
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193B8207FE60FE54FDF9FE6A" author="Simons, E. E." box="[413,567,402,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref62499" refString="Simons, E. E. (1969) The stink bugs (Pentatomidae) of Alabama. MS Thesis, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 124 pp." type="book" year="1969">Simons 1969</bibRefCitation>
), and also from 
<collectingRegion id="49C4DD82193B8207FD0EFE54FC89FE6B" box="[755,839,402,428]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Oregon</collectingRegion>
in another unpublished thesis (
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193B8207FB50FE54FA93FE6B" author="Wetherill, K. R." box="[1197,1373,402,428]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref68096" refString="Wetherill, K. R. (2000) Structure, function, and analysis of Coleoptera and Heteroptera assemblages on two species of hazelnut in Oregon. M. S. thesis, Oregon State University, 123 pp." type="book" year="2000">Wetherill 2000</bibRefCitation>
). The 
<collectingRegion id="49C4DD82193B8207FF6AFE70FF31FE17" box="[151,255,438,464]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Colorado</collectingRegion>
record (
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193B8207FEA3FE70FE3CFE17" author="Osborn, H." box="[350,498,438,464]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="120 - 123" refId="ref57303" refString="Osborn, H. (1893) Notes on the distribution of Hemiptera. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Sciences, 1 (4), 120 - 123." type="journal article" year="1893">Osborn 1893</bibRefCitation>
) has been queried (
<bibRefCitation id="EF916E91193B8207FD32FE70FC01FE16" author="Gillette, C. P. &amp; Baker, C. F." box="[719,975,438,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 137" refId="ref50267" refString="Gillette, C. P. &amp; Baker, C. F. (1895) A preliminary list of the Hemiptera of Colorado. Bulletin of the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, 31 (Technical Series No. 1), 1 - 137." type="book chapter" year="1895">Gillette &amp; Baker 1895</bibRefCitation>
), and no one since has provided a record from 
<collectingRegion id="49C4DD82193B8207FF28FE1CFE8FFE33" box="[213,321,474,500]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Colorado</collectingRegion>
. On the other hand, there seems to be no reason to exclude the 
<collectingRegion id="49C4DD82193B8207FBF2FE1CFBB9FE33" box="[1039,1143,474,500]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Colorado</collectingRegion>
record as this species has been recorded in all directions from 
<collectingRegion id="49C4DD82193B8207FDD2FE38FD55FDDF" box="[559,667,510,536]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Colorado</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>