treatments-xml/data/F3/CF/F4/F3CFF4E468F952FDA578967EA4321B78.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2682-955X-35-81" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0789ED2026475723A7980113BCC27431" ID-ZooBank="066DFFD046A44E588F982AF034E299E6" ModsDocID="2682-955X-35-81" checkinTime="1653563585704" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Praschag, Peter &amp; Gemel, Richard" docDate="2022" docId="F3CFF4E468F952FDA578967EA4321B78" docLanguage="en" docName="Herpetozoa 35: 81-93" docOrigin="Herpetozoa 35" docPubDate="2022-05-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055" docTitle="Amyda ornata subsp. jongli Praschag &amp; Gemel 2022, ssp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="0789ED2026475723A7980113BCC27431" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="0789ED2026475723A7980113BCC27431" masterDocTitle="A new subspecies of the Asiatic softshell turtle Amyda ornata (Gray, 1861) from its northern distribution range" masterLastPageNumber="93" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1653563886278" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A new subspecies of the Asiatic softshell turtle Amyda ornata (Gray, 1861) from its northern distribution range</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Praschag, Peter</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Turtle Island, Am Katzelbach 98, 8054 Graz, Austria</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ppraschag@turtle-island.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gemel, Richard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum Vienna, 1. Zoological Department, Herpetological Collection, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-05-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number>35</mods:number>
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<mods:start>81</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F3CFF4E468F952FDA578967EA4321B78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3CFF4E468F952FDA578967EA4321B78" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName LSID="F3CFF4E4-68F9-52FD-A578-967EA4321B78" authority="Praschag &amp; Gemel, 2022" authorityName="Praschag &amp; Gemel" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Amyda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amyda ornata subsp. jongli" order="Chelonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ornata" status="ssp. nov." subSpecies="jongli">Amyda ornata jongli</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="81">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
NHMW 40287 (Natural History Museum Vienna, herpetological collection): subadult specimen; skull and lower jaw; incomplete postcranial skeleton: parts of discus, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle and extremities (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype (NHMW 40287) of A. o. jongli ssp. nov. Bony elements of carapace (dorsal) and plastron (dorsal / visceral). Some neurals, 1 st pleural right, left epiplastron and xiphiplastra missing. Photo: Natural History Museum Vienna, Alice Schumacher." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688250" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">2</figureCitation>
- 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype (NHMW 40287) of A. o. jongli ssp. nov. Skull in lateral view. Note the convex structure of frontal, prefrontal and maxillary. Photo: Natural History Museum Vienna, Alice Schumacher." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688253" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">5</figureCitation>
). Measurements: bony disc length 10 cm, bony disc width 13,6 cm. Plastron: Straight width 14,9 cm. Skull: Straight length 6,6 cm, straight width 3,5 cm.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688250" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Holotype (NHMW 40287) of 
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. o. subsp. jongli" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="subSpecies" species="o." subSpecies="jongli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. o. jongli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. nov. Bony elements of carapace (dorsal) and plastron (dorsal/visceral). Some neurals, 1st pleural right, left epiplastron and xiphiplastra missing. Photo: Natural History Museum Vienna, Alice Schumacher.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="terra typica">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Terra typica.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Sangu River near Dohazari, Chittagong hill tracts, south-eastern Bangladesh, don. P. Praschag 3/2016.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The paratypes consist of five living voucher specimens, one male and four females in the facility of &quot;Turtle Island&quot;, NHMW 41463: 1-5 (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paratypes, NHMW 41463: 1 (a, b); NHMW 41463: 2 (c, d); NHMW 41463: 3 (e, f); NHMW 41463: 4 (g, h); NHMW 41463: 5 (i, j), living specimens of A. o. jongli ssp. nov. in the holdings of &quot; Turtle Island &quot;, dorsal and ventral view. Photos: Peter Praschag." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688254" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6a-j</figureCitation>
). Location of origin for all five paratypes: Sangu River near Dohazari (terra typica), Chittagong hill tracts, south-eastern Bangladesh (same location as holotype-specimen). The specimens will be transferred post mortem to the herpetological collection of the Natural History Museum Vienna. For measurements see Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of the paratypes, measurements (in cm), CL = Carapace length (straight length), CW = Carapace width (straight width at the broadest point = above hind legs), DL = Discus length (along median line), W = Weight (in kg)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A55E9A09CC9F63970B2291227D5035A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableUuid="A55E9A09CC9F63970B2291227D5035A4">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688251" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Holotype (NHMW 40287) of 
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. o. subsp. jongli" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="subSpecies" species="o." subSpecies="jongli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. o. jongli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. nov. Lower jaw (dorsal with alveolar surface of mandible) and skull (dorsal). Photo: Natural History Museum Vienna, Alice Schumacher.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Derivatio nominis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The subspecies name 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Praschag &amp; Gemel" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Amyda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amyda ornata subsp. jongli" order="Chelonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ornata" subSpecies="jongli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amyda ornata jongli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(noun in apposition) refers to the special term of local fishermen in Bangladesh who call this softshell turtle &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Praschag &amp; Gemel" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Amyda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amyda ornata subsp. jongli" order="Chelonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ornata" subSpecies="jongli">Amyda ornata jongli</taxonomicName>
&quot; in Bengali, deriving from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“jangala”">&quot;jangala&quot;</normalizedToken>
in Sanskrit. It means wild and ferocious, as the animals are powerful and struggle when captured. Simultaneously it means also 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“…">&quot;...</normalizedToken>
coming from rivers of jungle woodlands&quot;. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1146.1" author="Rahman, SC" journalOrPublisher="Chelonian Conservation and Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="130 - 135" refId="B23" refString="Rahman, SC, Rashid, SMA, Datta, R, Mro, P, Roy, CJ, 2015. Status, exploitation, and conservation of freshwater turtles and tortoises in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 14 (2): 130 - 135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1146.1" title="Status, exploitation, and conservation of freshwater turtles and tortoises in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh." url="https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1146.1" volume="14" year="2015">Rahman et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
mention also the name 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Tui-lip”">&quot;Tui-lip&quot;</normalizedToken>
, used by the Mro tribe. Suggested common names: English: &quot;Northern Asiatic softshell turtle&quot;. German: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Nördliche">&quot;Noerdliche</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Knorpel-Weichschildkröte”">Knorpel-Weichschildkroete&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="taxonomic status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Taxonomic status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The Maximum Likelihood Tree for 
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Amyda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amyda" order="Chelonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amyda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and related softshell turtles shows five distinct clades, divided into three species. Clades 4 (&quot;Pale coloured, large nuchal and back tubercles&quot; now herein described as 
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. o. subsp. jongli" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="subSpecies" species="o." subSpecies="jongli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. o. jongli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. nov.), 5 (&quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1870" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Trionyx" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trionyx phayrei" order="Testudines" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phayrei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Trionyx phayrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; / &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1875" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Trionyx" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trionyx ephippium" order="Testudines" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ephippium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Trionyx ephippium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;) and 6 (&quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1861" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Trionyx" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trionyx ornatus" order="Testudines" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Trionyx ornatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;) show similar levels of genetic differentiation from each other, and constitute the three identified subspecies from Mainland Southeast Asia (
<bibRefCitation author="Fritz, U" journalOrPublisher="Vertebrate Zoology, Dresden" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="229 - 243" refId="B9" refString="Fritz, U, Gemel, R, Kehlmaier, C, Vamberger, M, Praschag, P, 2014. Phylogeography of the Asian softshell turtle Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert, 1770): evidence for a species complex. Vertebrate Zoology, Dresden 64 (2): 229 - 243" title="Phylogeography of the Asian softshell turtle Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert, 1770): evidence for a species complex." volume="64" year="2014">Fritz et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688252" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Holotype (NHMW 40287) of 
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. o. subsp. jongli" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="subSpecies" species="o." subSpecies="jongli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. o. jongli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. nov. Skull in ventral view. Photo: Natural History Museum Vienna, Alice Schumacher.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis on morphological base.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The heads in subadults and adults are stout (see Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Holotype (NHMW 40287) of A. o. jongli ssp. nov. Skull in lateral view. Note the convex structure of frontal, prefrontal and maxillary. Photo: Natural History Museum Vienna, Alice Schumacher." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688253" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. (a - c) Computer Tomography of A. o. jongli ssp. nov, NHMW 41463: 1. Photos: Thomas Hildebrandt and G. Fritsch, Department of Reproduction Management, Leibnitz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688255" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">7a</figureCitation>
), with a dome rising up steeply from the top of the proboscis to the top of the head, in the region of prefrontals and frontals (see Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Lateral shot of the head of a living A. o. jongli ssp. nov. showing the ochre-coloured eyes and the shape of the head. Photo: Peter Praschag." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688257" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">9</figureCitation>
). Compared to the two other subspecies of 
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ornata" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. ornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a broader distance between the eyes is seen in 
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. o. subsp. jongli" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="subSpecies" species="o." subSpecies="jongli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. o. jongli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Holotype (NHMW 40287) of A. o. jongli ssp. nov. Lower jaw (dorsal with alveolar surface of mandible) and skull (dorsal). Photo: Natural History Museum Vienna, Alice Schumacher." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688251" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. (a - c) Computer Tomography of A. o. jongli ssp. nov, NHMW 41463: 1. Photos: Thomas Hildebrandt and G. Fritsch, Department of Reproduction Management, Leibnitz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688255" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">7b</figureCitation>
), although this relative distance varies depending on the ontogenetic stage of the specimen considered. Rather uniform pale and greyish colouration, carapace is olive greyish, bright yellow pigmentation missing (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paratypes, NHMW 41463: 1 (a, b); NHMW 41463: 2 (c, d); NHMW 41463: 3 (e, f); NHMW 41463: 4 (g, h); NHMW 41463: 5 (i, j), living specimens of A. o. jongli ssp. nov. in the holdings of &quot; Turtle Island &quot;, dorsal and ventral view. Photos: Peter Praschag." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688254" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6a-j</figureCitation>
). Yellow-greyish dots, and vermiculation on head and neck is faded and not distinctly marked, ochre-coloured irises, ring-shaped skin around eyes with indistinct light dots, no pronounced &quot;zebra striped&quot; pattern; carapace with (or sometimes without, but less common) distinct black strokes and blotches or irregular saddle-shaped dark colouration on carapace (see Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Lateral shot of the head of a living A. o. jongli ssp. nov. showing the ochre-coloured eyes and the shape of the head. Photo: Peter Praschag." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688257" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">9</figureCitation>
). Black pigmentation mostly in the form of square spots on the rear edge of the carapace and two or three stripes running sideways from the center line of the carapace (compare Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paratypes, NHMW 41463: 1 (a, b); NHMW 41463: 2 (c, d); NHMW 41463: 3 (e, f); NHMW 41463: 4 (g, h); NHMW 41463: 5 (i, j), living specimens of A. o. jongli ssp. nov. in the holdings of &quot; Turtle Island &quot;, dorsal and ventral view. Photos: Peter Praschag." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688254" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6a-j</figureCitation>
of the paratypes). Distinct tubercles in nuchal and back region. Nuchal tubercles protrude in a round or pointed shape along the front edge of the carapace in subadult and adult specimens (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Tubercles are visible, protruding over the front of the carapace in the nuchal and back region in subadult and adult animals. Photo: Peter Praschag." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688256" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">8</figureCitation>
). Juveniles with tubercles on carapace running concentric, not longitudinal. Plastron white (in juveniles) changing to yellowish-grey during growth, mottled with clouds of black pigments especially on the parts of underlying bony skeleton.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688253" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Holotype (NHMW 40287) of 
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. o. subsp. jongli" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="subSpecies" species="o." subSpecies="jongli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. o. jongli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. nov. Skull in lateral view. Note the convex structure of frontal, prefrontal and maxillary. Photo: Natural History Museum Vienna, Alice Schumacher.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688254" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Paratypes, NHMW 41463:1 (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">a, b</emphasis>
); NHMW 41463:2 (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">c, d</emphasis>
); NHMW 41463:3 (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">e, f</emphasis>
); NHMW 41463:4 (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">g, h</emphasis>
); NHMW 41463:5 (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">i, j</emphasis>
), living specimens of 
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. o. subsp. jongli" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="subSpecies" species="o." subSpecies="jongli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. o. jongli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. nov. in the holdings of &quot;Turtle Island&quot;, dorsal and ventral view. Photos: Peter Praschag.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="diagnostic comparisons">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Diagnostic comparisons.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The genus 
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Amyda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amyda" order="Chelonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amyda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from all other trionychids by the following suite of characteristics:
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Carapace with black markings, sometimes black and yellow or bright dots, but no ocelli; skull: snout longer than the diameter of the orbit (more in juveniles than in adults); alveolar surface of the mandible with a longitudinal ridge at the symphysis; surface of jaws light; first and second neural fused; epiplastra in contact or narrowly separated, front part of epiplastra are elongated (see Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. (a - c) Computer Tomography of A. o. jongli ssp. nov, NHMW 41463: 1. Photos: Thomas Hildebrandt and G. Fritsch, Department of Reproduction Management, Leibnitz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688255" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">7c</figureCitation>
); further detailed skull morphology is given by 
<bibRefCitation author="Van Dijk, PP" journalOrPublisher="Chelonian Research Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B30" refString="Van Dijk, PP, 1992. Variation in the Southeast Asian Soft-shelled turtle, Amyda cartilaginea. Master of Science thesis, National University of Ireland, Department of Zoology, Galway, [iv +] 71 pp. [3 Appendices]" title="Variation in the Southeast Asian Soft-shelled turtle, Amyda cartilaginea. Master of Science thesis, National University of Ireland, Department of Zoology, Galway, [iv +] 71 pp. [3 Appendices]" year="1992">Van Dijk (1992)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688255" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">(a</emphasis>
- 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">c)</emphasis>
Computer Tomography of 
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. o. subsp. jongli" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="subSpecies" species="o." subSpecies="jongli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. o. jongli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. nov, NHMW 41463:1. Photos: Thomas Hildebrandt and G. Fritsch, Department of Reproduction Management, Leibnitz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. ornata" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. ornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. cartilaginea" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="cartilaginea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. cartilaginea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sensu stricto) and 
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Amyda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amyda" order="Chelonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amyda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (= candidate species A, sensu 
<bibRefCitation author="Fritz, U" journalOrPublisher="Vertebrate Zoology, Dresden" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="229 - 243" refId="B9" refString="Fritz, U, Gemel, R, Kehlmaier, C, Vamberger, M, Praschag, P, 2014. Phylogeography of the Asian softshell turtle Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert, 1770): evidence for a species complex. Vertebrate Zoology, Dresden 64 (2): 229 - 243" title="Phylogeography of the Asian softshell turtle Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert, 1770): evidence for a species complex." volume="64" year="2014">Fritz et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
) by the stouter head versus narrow head tapering lengthwise with a longer proboscis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Amyda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amyda o. subsp. ornata" order="Chelonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="o." subSpecies="ornata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amyda o. ornata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the other two subspecies by its distinct yellow pigments on carapace, head and neck; the presence of a 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“crown”">&quot;crown&quot;</normalizedToken>
: two or three converging black lines forming an arrow on the upper side of the head; tubercles predominantly in the nuchal and front region of the carapace; saddle-shaped dark colouration on carapace uncommon. Distribution: Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia (Chaco Phraya, Irrawaddy and Salween River systems).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Amyda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amyda o. subsp. phayrei" order="Chelonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="o." subSpecies="phayrei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amyda o. phayrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the other two subspecies by its dull brown carapace, yellow pigments present forming distinct yellow dots on the head and neck; carapace with or without distinct saddle-shaped dark colouration; with eyes open, the eyelids have distinct yellow spots alternating with grey &quot;zebra striped&quot; colouration; tubercles in the nuchal and back region of the carapace but not as distinct as in 
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. o. subsp. jongli" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="subSpecies" species="o." subSpecies="jongli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. o. jongli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. nov.; head in upper side view more slender and narrowed to the proboscis. Distribution: Thailand, Myanmar (delta region of the Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) and possibly neighbouring Salween (Thanlwin) river, NE India (Mizoram) and Yunnan (
<bibRefCitation author="Kuchling, G" journalOrPublisher="Chelonian Conservation and Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="223 - 226" refId="B18" refString="Kuchling, G, 1995. Turtles at a market in Western Yunnan: possible range extensions for some southern Asiatic chelonians in China and Myanmar. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 1 (3): 223 - 226" title="Turtles at a market in Western Yunnan: possible range extensions for some southern Asiatic chelonians in China and Myanmar." volume="1" year="1995">Kuchling 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
Distribution data of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Praschag &amp; Gemel" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Trionychidae" genus="Amyda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amyda ornata subsp. jongli" order="Chelonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ornata" subSpecies="jongli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Amyda ornata jongli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Waypoints of known localities of A. o. jongli ssp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DA3C63D2B6948592956A75102D863101" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableUuid="DA3C63D2B6948592956A75102D863101">2</tableCitation>
). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Bangladesh</emphasis>
: Chittagong hill tracts: Sangu River system [=Sangpo river, Sankho river, Shankha River] and tributaries, Matamuhuri river; Karnaphuli river system. Sangu River: Dohazari (Terra typica) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, pt 1); four Mro villages along upstream of Sangu River in Sangu-Matamuhuri Reserve Forest (villages Nr. 23, 24, 25 and 26 in Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1146.1" author="Rahman, SC" journalOrPublisher="Chelonian Conservation and Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="130 - 135" refId="B23" refString="Rahman, SC, Rashid, SMA, Datta, R, Mro, P, Roy, CJ, 2015. Status, exploitation, and conservation of freshwater turtles and tortoises in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 14 (2): 130 - 135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1146.1" title="Status, exploitation, and conservation of freshwater turtles and tortoises in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh." url="https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1146.1" volume="14" year="2015">Rahman et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, pt 2); Thanci Upazila [=Thanchi]: &quot;rocky hill stream Remakri Khal&quot; in Bandarban and Mro village &quot;Nepew Para&quot; (
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MMH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="229 - 232" refId="B16" refString="Khan, MMH, 2012. New records of wildlife from the Chittagong Hill tracts of Bangladesh. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai 109 (3): 229 - 232" title="New records of wildlife from the Chittagong Hill tracts of Bangladesh." volume="109" year="2012">
Khan (2013 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“2012”">&quot;2012&quot;</normalizedToken>
)
</bibRefCitation>
), (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, pt 3); village on the Matamuhuri River (village Nr. 1 in Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1146.1" author="Rahman, SC" journalOrPublisher="Chelonian Conservation and Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="130 - 135" refId="B23" refString="Rahman, SC, Rashid, SMA, Datta, R, Mro, P, Roy, CJ, 2015. Status, exploitation, and conservation of freshwater turtles and tortoises in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 14 (2): 130 - 135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1146.1" title="Status, exploitation, and conservation of freshwater turtles and tortoises in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh." url="https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1146.1" volume="14" year="2015">Rahman et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, pt 4); Sangu River at Remarki, border to Myanmar Fatik Chhari (pers. comm. Scott Trageser, Comitee Creative Conservation Alliance) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, pt 6); Durung Khal river, mouth of the Halda river (pers. comm. Sureshchandra Das) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, pt 7).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DA3C63D2B6948592956A75102D863101" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DA3C63D2B6948592956A75102D863101" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Table 2.</emphasis>
Waypoints of known localities of 
<taxonomicName genus="A." lsidName="A. o. subsp. jongli" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="subSpecies" species="o." subSpecies="jongli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. o. jongli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp. nov.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Point (pt)</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Locality</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Coordinates (WGS 84) (Latitude, Longitude)</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Dohazari (Terra typica), Bangladesh</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.163958" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="22.163958">22.163958</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="92.065016" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="92.06502">92.065016</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
Sangu River - CHT, Sangu-Matamuhuri Reserve Forest, Bangladesh (
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)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.3455827" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.345583">21.3455827</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="92.6069887" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="92.60699">92.6069887</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
Thanchi upazila, Bandarban, Bangladesh (
<bibRefCitation author="Khan, MMH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="229 - 232" refId="B16" refString="Khan, MMH, 2012. New records of wildlife from the Chittagong Hill tracts of Bangladesh. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai 109 (3): 229 - 232" title="New records of wildlife from the Chittagong Hill tracts of Bangladesh." volume="109" year="2012">
Khan (2013 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“2012”">&quot;2012&quot;</normalizedToken>
)
</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.8217887" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.821789">21.8217887</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="92.4377149" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="92.43771">92.4377149</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
Matamuhri river, Bangladesh (village Nr. 1 in Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1146.1" author="Rahman, SC" journalOrPublisher="Chelonian Conservation and Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="130 - 135" refId="B23" refString="Rahman, SC, Rashid, SMA, Datta, R, Mro, P, Roy, CJ, 2015. Status, exploitation, and conservation of freshwater turtles and tortoises in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 14 (2): 130 - 135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1146.1" title="Status, exploitation, and conservation of freshwater turtles and tortoises in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh." url="https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1146.1" volume="14" year="2015">Rahman et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.8830881" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.883087">21.8830881</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="92.2497277" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="92.249725">92.2497277</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Ngengpui River, Ngengpui wildlife sanctuary, Lawngtlai, Mizoram, India (central point selected for map)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.43134" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="22.43134">22.43134</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="92.7867" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="92.7867">92.7867</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Sangu River at Remarki, Fatik Chhari, border to Myanmar, Bangladesh</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate degrees="21.3030315" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.303032">21.3030315</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="92.6511433" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="92.651146">92.6511433</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Durung Khal River, mouth of the Halda river, Bangladesh</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate degrees="22.7612597" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="22.76126">22.7612597</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="91.755951" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="91.75595">91.755951</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
Tuirial River drainage, Aizawl District, India (
<bibRefCitation author="Hmar, GZ" journalOrPublisher="Vertebrate Zoology, Dresden" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B11" refString="Hmar, GZ, Lalmuansanga Lalbiakzuala, , Lalremsanga, HT, Mawia, VL, 2020. New geographical distribution on Asiatic Softshell Turtle from Mizoram, India. Reptile Rap 199, Zoo's Print 35(5): 107-110." title="New geographical distribution on Asiatic Softshell Turtle from Mizoram, India. Reptile Rap  199, Zoo's Print 35 (5): 107 - 110." year="2020">Hmar et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.555" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="23.555">23.555</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="92.779" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="92.779">92.779</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
Narichera Stream, tributary of Khowai River, North District, Tripura, India (
<bibRefCitation author="Das, B" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="78 - 79" refId="B6" refString="Das, B, Das, A, Gupta, AK, 2016. Testudines -Turtles. Herpetological Review 47 (1): 78 - 79" title="Testudines - Turtles." volume="47" year="2016">Das et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate degrees="23.7804" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="23.7804">23.7804</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="91.8430" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="91.843">91.8430</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
Dhalchera, Phaisen Hills, Cachar district, India (
<bibRefCitation author="Nath, A" journalOrPublisher="Hamadryad" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="39 - 41" refId="B20" refString="Nath, A, Singha, A, Deb, P, 2018. First report on the presence of Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert, 1770) from Assam, India. Hamadryad 38 (1): 39 - 41" title="First report on the presence of Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert, 1770) from Assam, India." volume="38" year="2018">Nath et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
<geoCoordinate degrees="24.264611" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.26461">24.264611</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="92.415256" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="92.41525">92.415256</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">11</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
Guwahati, Assam - Fish market, India (
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" publicationUrl="https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/kindness-is-not-yet-dead-assam-university-professors-saved-a-turtle-from-being-sold-514054?infinitescroll=1" refId="B1" refString="Anonymous, 2020. Kindness is not yet dead, Assam University professor saved a turtle from being sold. The Sentinel of this land, for its people, 30. Nov. 2020. https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/kindness-is-not-yet-dead-assam-university-professors-saved-a-turtle-from-being-sold-514054?infinitescroll=1" title="Kindness is not yet dead, Assam University professor saved a turtle from being sold. The Sentinel of this land, for its people, 30. Nov. 2020." url="https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/kindness-is-not-yet-dead-assam-university-professors-saved-a-turtle-from-being-sold-514054?infinitescroll=1" year="2020">Anonymous 2020</bibRefCitation>
)
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<geoCoordinate degrees="26.16945" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="26.16945">26.16945</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="91.76448" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="91.76448">91.76448</geoCoordinate>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">India</emphasis>
: Mizoram: Ngengpui River, Ngenpui Wildlife Sanctuary, Lawngtlai (Pawar and Choudhuri 2000): bony disc deposited in the holdings of the Museum of Bombay Natural History Society under BNHM 1446 as confirmed by Rahul Khot, Curator of National History Collection department of the Bombay Natural History Society (pers. comm. 7th, April 2016) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, pt 5); Tuirial River drainage, Aizawl District (
<bibRefCitation author="Hmar, GZ" journalOrPublisher="Vertebrate Zoology, Dresden" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B11" refString="Hmar, GZ, Lalmuansanga Lalbiakzuala, , Lalremsanga, HT, Mawia, VL, 2020. New geographical distribution on Asiatic Softshell Turtle from Mizoram, India. Reptile Rap 199, Zoo's Print 35(5): 107-110." title="New geographical distribution on Asiatic Softshell Turtle from Mizoram, India. Reptile Rap  199, Zoo's Print 35 (5): 107 - 110." year="2020">Hmar et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, pt 8) (additionally occurring in most of the major river systems of the northern part and documented here from the rivers Teirei, Tut, Tlawng, Tuirini, Tuirial, Tuivawl &amp; Tuipuibari, pers. comm., 6th March 2016 Tlau Vanlal Hrima, not considered in Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
);
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tripura</emphasis>
: Narichera Stream, North District (
<bibRefCitation author="Das, B" journalOrPublisher="Herpetological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="78 - 79" refId="B6" refString="Das, B, Das, A, Gupta, AK, 2016. Testudines -Turtles. Herpetological Review 47 (1): 78 - 79" title="Testudines - Turtles." volume="47" year="2016">Das et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, pt 9);
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Assam</emphasis>
: Dhalchera river, Phaisen Hills, Cachar District (
<bibRefCitation author="Nath, A" journalOrPublisher="Hamadryad" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="39 - 41" refId="B20" refString="Nath, A, Singha, A, Deb, P, 2018. First report on the presence of Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert, 1770) from Assam, India. Hamadryad 38 (1): 39 - 41" title="First report on the presence of Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert, 1770) from Assam, India." volume="38" year="2018">Nath et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, pt 10), fish market, Guwahati (
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" publicationUrl="https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/kindness-is-not-yet-dead-assam-university-professors-saved-a-turtle-from-being-sold-514054?infinitescroll=1" refId="B1" refString="Anonymous, 2020. Kindness is not yet dead, Assam University professor saved a turtle from being sold. The Sentinel of this land, for its people, 30. Nov. 2020. https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/kindness-is-not-yet-dead-assam-university-professors-saved-a-turtle-from-being-sold-514054?infinitescroll=1" title="Kindness is not yet dead, Assam University professor saved a turtle from being sold. The Sentinel of this land, for its people, 30. Nov. 2020." url="https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/kindness-is-not-yet-dead-assam-university-professors-saved-a-turtle-from-being-sold-514054?infinitescroll=1" year="2020">Anonymous 2020</bibRefCitation>
) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, pt 11).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
The area registered in the distribution records comprises two main river systems separated by a watershed running through the centre part of Mizoram: the southern region in southern Mizoram and Chittagong hill tracts containing Sangu River as a part of the &quot;Kolodyne Basin&quot; and draining in the Bay of Bengal. The northern part is situated in northern Mizoram Assam and Tripura and is dominated by the Barak River system (&quot;Barak Basin&quot;) draining into the Brahmaputra; in the recent past a specimen was even reported from the fish market in Guwahati, Assam (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution records (Points 1 - 11) of Amyda ornata jongli ssp. nov., details see Table 2. National Geographic-Weltkarte - Content may not reflect National Geographic's current map policy. Sources: National Geographic, Esri, Garmin, HERE, UNEP-WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, increment P Corp." figureDoi="10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e86055.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">1</figureCitation>
, pt 11).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>