165 lines
18 KiB
XML
165 lines
18 KiB
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<document id="0FE702FCC6C7FA4BC0E8E931B571B952" ID-CLB-Dataset="6487" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4966.1.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad638f80-6074-4f35-8ab9-a0a4d3c0223b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4729346" ID-ZooBank="9B79CD8B-B339-410C-8E2A-7807E25ED64D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1619761399299" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jordal, Bjarte" docDate="2021" docId="039D6F2B6B3F4C050AA9FF6AC4A7FB74" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4966.1.10.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4966 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Laximicracis Jordal 2021, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="BB172A49-19B0-4B6D-B408-B2669A04EFE2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="92" masterDocId="FFA417536B3E4C040A3EFFB5C077FFB4" masterDocTitle="Laximicracis-a new genus of Afrotropical Micracidini beetles (Coleoptera Scolytinae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="92" updateTime="1698938040663" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="AB829DDB9842DAC705B1B31328E01E2B">Laximicracis-a new genus of Afrotropical Micracidini beetles (Coleoptera Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="81147B2A432F5F991B702D11CED6660F">Jordal, Bjarte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4B176B75C6E1341F58EA3327E153C057">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="45F758A4F726A2A674CDC7CB1E026E18">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AC26B5B2F1A6A9F947EDD24FE544C070">
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<mods:date id="6C689B3AD8A2FB0EE576FBCF48401060">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D711768A787959AAAC92E451B682AC24">2021-04-30</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B36F1E0260019E7CE9BD471B0C8ADF38" type="CLB-Dataset">6487</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6F0E8304AEAE80F509D3EC37EF940383" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4966.1.10</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BE3EDCE9B35F29BB946784094B38DFE6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="57989073FD7855CBB7E6972AA6173A51" type="Zenodo-Dep">4729346</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039D6F2B6B3F4C050AA9FF6AC4A7FB74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4729348" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182388107" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4729348" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BB172A49-19B0-4B6D-B408-B2669A04EFE2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D6F2B6B3F4C050AA9FF6AC4A7FB74" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
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<subSubSection id="C32E8DB66B3F4C050AA9FF6AC27CFF4D" box="[151,523,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8BDE3D6B3F4C050AA9FF6AC27CFF4D" blockId="1.[151,972,223,321]" box="[151,523,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
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<heading id="D0C369516B3F4C050AA9FF6AC27CFF4D" bold="true" box="[151,523,223,249]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050AA9FF6AC27CFF4D" bold="true" box="[151,523,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName id="4C34A5BE6B3F4C050AA9FF6AC1E7FF4D" authority="Jordal" authorityName="Jordal" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,400,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laximicracis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050AA9FF6AC142FF4D" bold="true" box="[151,309,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Laximicracis</emphasis>
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Jordal
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A273BF546B3F4C050BA3FF6AC27CFF4D" box="[413,523,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32E8DB66B3F4C050AA9FEB6C3BBFEA9" box="[151,972,259,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8BDE3D6B3F4C050AA9FEB6C3BBFEA9" blockId="1.[151,972,223,321]" box="[151,972,259,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
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<uri id="FFA5D23F6B3F4C050AA9FEB6C3BBFEA9" box="[151,972,259,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FF92E4E86B3F4C050B95FEB6C3BBFEA9" box="[427,972,259,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">BB172A49-19B0-4B6D-B408-B2669A04EFE2</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32E8DB66B3F4C050AA9FE92C16EFEF5" box="[151,281,295,321]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8BDE3D6B3F4C050AA9FE92C16EFEF5" blockId="1.[151,972,223,321]" box="[151,281,295,321]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130FC2B86B3F4C050AA1FE92C166FEF5" box="[159,273,295,321]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–3" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4–12" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1578,1602]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox-0="[160,1430,182,1553]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1430,246,1891]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@3.[158,1430,181,1554]" captionTargetId-1="figure-23@4.[156,1430,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–3. Legs, male genitalia and proventriculus of Laximicracis latipes." captionText-1="FIGURES 4–12. Dorsal, lateral and front view of Laximicracis latipes (4, 7, 10), Laximicracis dubia (5, 8, 11) and Laximicracis convexa (6, 9, 12) holotypes." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4729350" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4729352" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4729350/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4729352/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Figs 1–12</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32E8DB66B3F4C050AA9FED9C2EDFE37" box="[151,666,363,388]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B8BDE3D6B3F4C050AA9FED9C2EDFE37" blockId="1.[151,666,363,388]" box="[151,666,363,388]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050AA9FED9C151FE37" bold="true" box="[151,294,363,388]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
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<typeStatus id="548F609F6B3F4C050AA9FED9C0BBFE30" box="[151,204,364,388]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C34A5BE6B3F4C050B12FED9C237FE30" authority="Jordal" authorityName="Jordal" authorityYear="2021" box="[300,576,364,388]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laximicracis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050B12FED9C18CFE30" box="[300,507,364,388]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Laximicracis latipes</emphasis>
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Jordal
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A273BF546B3F4C050875FED9C2EDFE37" box="[587,666,364,387]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32E8DB66B3F4C050AA9FE04C57AFD7C" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8BDE3D6B3F4C050AA9FE04C57AFD7C" blockId="1.[151,1437,433,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050AA9FE04C165FE7F" bold="true" box="[151,274,433,459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Antennal scapus straight, longer than funiculus, slightly dilated but never strongly inflated, females with a fine tuft of scant long setae on its dorsal side; funiculus 5-segmented; club much longer than broad, finely pubescent, sutures obscure. Elytra with scale-like setae, in single or intermixed rows. Protibiae broad, with four or five denticles in a straight oblique or transverse row on apical margin. Metatibiae with 3–4 apical denticles, curved anteriorly particularly at the apicolateral margin. Tibiae and femurs with long, coarse, spatulate setae. Ventral setae mainly unifid, occasionally with a few additional short bifid setae on upper part of ventrite 1. Proventriculus with crop spines small and distributed, apical teeth enforced, serrated. Male genitalia with a long straight flagellum, apophyses much longer than penis; tegmen not present; spiculum gastrale half the length of aedeagus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32E8DB66B3F4C050AF9FD67C34BFC80" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B8BDE3D6B3F4C050AF9FD67C34BFC80" blockId="1.[151,1437,433,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050AF9FD67C139FD58" bold="true" box="[199,334,722,748]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Composed by the stem from the Latin adjective
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<taxonomicName id="4C34A5BE6B3F4C050952FD66C3D8FD58" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1894" box="[876,943,723,748]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Laxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050952FD66C3D8FD58" box="[876,943,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Laxus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, meaning wide, the connecting vowel
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050F62FD66C51AFD58" box="[1372,1389,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">-i</emphasis>
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and the genus name
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<taxonomicName id="4C34A5BE6B3F4C050B70FD42C1C5FCA4" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1868" box="[334,434,759,784]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Micracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050B70FD42C1C5FCA4" box="[334,434,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Micracis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, referring to the broadly rounded pronotum of this genus. Gender is feminine as outlined by Alonso Zarazaga and Lyal (2009) for the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C34A5BE6B3F4C0508EFFCAEC342FC80" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1868" box="[721,821,795,820]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Micracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C0508EFFCAEC342FC80" box="[721,821,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Micracis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32E8DB66B3F4C050AF9FC8BC4A7FB74" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8BDE3D6B3F4C050AF9FC8BC51CFC14" blockId="1.[151,1437,433,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050AF9FC8BC14CFCEC" bold="true" box="[199,315,830,856]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Remarks.</emphasis>
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In the recent revision of Afrotropical Micracidini, it became apparent that two species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C34A5BE6B3F4C050F35FC8BC5EBFCEC" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1959" box="[1291,1436,830,856]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Afromicracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050F35FC8BC5EBFCEC" box="[1291,1436,830,856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Afromicracis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were not typical for that genus, but
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<typeStatus id="548F609F6B3F4C050828FCD7C226FCC8" box="[534,593,866,892]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">types</typeStatus>
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were rather poorly preserved. New material of
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<taxonomicName id="4C34A5BE6B3F4C050E6AFCD7C55DFCC8" baseAuthorityName="Schedl" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1108,1322,866,892]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Afromicracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050E6AFCD7C55DFCC8" box="[1108,1322,866,892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Afromicracis dubia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and a new species described below provided sufficient quality of specimens to safely erect a new genus for three species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8BDE3D6B3F4C050AF9FC1EC4A7FB74" blockId="1.[151,1437,433,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName id="4C34A5BE6B3F4C050AF9FC1EC12EFC70" authorityName="Jordal" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,345,939,964]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Laximicracis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050AF9FC1EC12EFC70" box="[199,345,939,964]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Laximicracis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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bears some resemblance to Neotropical
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<taxonomicName id="4C34A5BE6B3F4C050913FC1EC435FC70" authority="LeConte, 1868" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1868" box="[813,1090,938,964]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Micracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050913FC1EC3E6FC70" box="[813,913,939,964]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Micracis</emphasis>
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LeConte, 1868
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</taxonomicName>
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and Afrotropical
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<taxonomicName id="4C34A5BE6B3F4C050F31FC1FC157FC5C" authority="Wood, 1984" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phloeocurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050F31FC1FC5EAFC70" box="[1295,1437,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Phloeocurus</emphasis>
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Wood, 1984
|
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</taxonomicName>
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, but is clearly distinguished from both by the elongated and nearly sutureless antennal club, 5-segmented antennal funicle, narrowly elongated female scapus, by the anteriorly curved denticles on the meso- and metatibiae, and by the more gently rounded profile of the pronotum. A superficial resemblance between Afro- and Neotropical taxa is sometimes striking, including several micracidine genera (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5A3CC6B3F4C050955FB8FC417FBE0" author="Jordal, B. H. & Kaidel, J." box="[875,1120,1082,1108]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" pagination="8 - 25" refId="ref3354" refString="Jordal, B. H. & Kaidel, J. (2017) Phylogenetic analysis of Micracidini bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) demonstrates a single trans-Atlantic disjunction and inclusion of Cactopinus in the New World clade. The Canadian Entomologist, 149, 8 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / tce. 2016.31" type="journal article" year="2017">Jordal & Kaidel 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
), but also seen in genera like
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C34A5BE6B3F4C050AA9FBEBC2F3FBCC" authority="Blandford, 1897" authorityName="Blandford" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,644,1118,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phrixosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050AA9FBEBC169FBCC" box="[151,286,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Phrixosoma</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Blandford, 1897 (Jordal 2012)
|
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|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
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|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C34A5BE6B3F4C050880FBEBC4DDFBCC" authority="Blandford, 1897" authorityName="Blandford" authorityYear="1897" box="[702,1194,1118,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Microborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050880FBEBC336FBCC" box="[702,833,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">Microborus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Blandford, 1897 (Jordal 2017)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. However, molecular data clearly refute hypotheses on close trans-Atlantic relationships and document very ancient splits dating back to late Cretaceous or early Paleo- to Oligocene times (
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5A3CC6B3F4C0508E6FB13C393FB74" author="Jordal, B. H. & Cognato, A. I." box="[728,996,1190,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" pagination="133" refId="ref3295" refString="Jordal, B. H. & Cognato, A. I. (2012) Molecular phylogeny of bark and ambrosia beetles reveals multiple origins of fungus farming during periods of global warming. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 12, 133. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 12 - 133" type="journal article" year="2012">Jordal & Cognato 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
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|
|
;
|
|||
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA5A3CC6B3F4C0509D1FB13C4B3FB74" author="Pistone, D. & Gohli, J. & Jordal, B. H." box="[1007,1220,1190,1216]" pageId="1" pageNumber="92" pagination="387 - 406" refId="ref3416" refString="Pistone, D., Gohli, J. & Jordal, B. H. (2018) Molecular phylogeny of bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on 18 molecular markers. Systematic Entomology, 43, 387 - 406. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12281" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
|||
|
|
Pistone
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="B940022F6B3F4C050E76FB12C4F7FB74" box="[1096,1152,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="92">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2018
|
|||
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
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|
|
</document>
|