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<document id="D00C98B558ED85CB21F2766D9B5B56B9" ID-CLB-Dataset="8160" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4545052" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0540f87c-c902-4df5-acd4-51801c9531bd" ID-Handle="2246/1634/B237-0004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545052" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613519208580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Simmons, Nancy B. &amp; Voss, Robert S." docDate="1998" docId="4F19FC10FFB2FF84FF2727A7FB008C73" docLanguage="en" docName="B237-0004.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 237" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4.1:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleId="25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Peropteryx macrotis" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="B3208468FF93FFA0FFF22212FF8B893B" masterDocTitle="The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats" masterLastPageNumber="219" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698929808253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="C8358669FA8F47E6616AA3E70A7D7CD7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="6D69C5EDC2C0387630A3BE4659391AB6">The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="48160587FAE72BB918DE8695B16A0F0B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B20E6BF999EAF7A1E5DE89FB8EABA06D">
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<mods:namePart id="86A82F98F1A42985E3836CD4F117D81A">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C38CE1E4EDD528C05F29C087C94EFF7B">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="16AC21B1D152604B5D2B251D41C40E59">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8315FC3849E174B811715FC1E19328A4">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="A63BC4055EFD4B877178FF4A40735821">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FB5DBABA1BACEB3ADF8E0EE5AEE77847">
<mods:date id="5A5D6A4CE3197D76CB521B327C697183">1998</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6128C026679CC479BAD6181FC5BEBE60" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="3310375DE23CA14527D981289E423817">1998-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D61CB66D77DFB9087CAED81C698D2D63" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0A22D8A6405501E8F05813D4593AD61B">237</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="81ECDC951EFC9BD8F9C3D0B952DEF198">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="7E1B0B2E8E05259C983CA5DD59D7AAE9">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5838B05C8DD8A715038A4ABB5DF9E06E" type="CLB-Dataset">8160</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B138473DC1E38B97DE8B364A2BD27EC1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4545052</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4F19FC10FFB2FF84FF2727A7FB008C73" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4618144" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177422419" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4618144" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F19FC10FFB2FF84FF2727A7FB008C73" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F19FC10FFB2FF84FF2727A7FB008C73" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFB2FF81FF2727A7FDB78CF7" box="[213,572,1461,1484]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFB2FF81FF2727A7FDB78CF7" blockId="33.[213,572,1461,1484]" box="[213,572,1461,1484]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="9C47FA6AFFB2FF81FF2727A7FDB78CF7" box="[213,572,1461,1484]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB2FF81FF2727A7FDB78CF7" ID-CoL="7WC6M" authority="(Wagner)" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[213,572,1461,1484]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FF2727A7FE4E8CF7" box="[213,453,1461,1484]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Peropteryx macrotis</emphasis>
(Wagner)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFB2FF81FEB127C4FE468CD2" box="[323,461,1494,1513]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFB2FF81FEB127C4FE468CD2" blockId="33.[323,461,1494,1513]" box="[323,461,1494,1513]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
<figureCitation id="5F8B5183FFB2FF81FEB127C4FE218CD2" box="[323,426,1494,1513]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[120,158,1555,1576]" captionTargetBox="[175,1120,213,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-14@34.[168,1123,208,1533]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 19. Dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views of the skull of Peropteryx macrotis (AMNH 266005; male) from Paracou. Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545092/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Figures 19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5F8B5183FFB2FF81FE4427C4FE468CD2" box="[438,461,1494,1513]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[154,192,1477,1498]" captionTargetBox="[281,1077,213,1449]" captionTargetId="figure-12@35.[277,1083,208,1456]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 20. Close­up lateral views of the upper right dentition of (A) Peropteryx macrotis (AMNH 267396; female) from Paracou and (B) the holotype of P. trinitatis (AMNH 7496; female) from Trinidad. Occlusal views of the upper right dentition (C) P. macrotis (AMNH 267396; female) and (D) the holotype of P. trinitatis (AMNH 7496; female) are shown below. Note the species difference in morphology of the anterior upper premolar. Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545094/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">20</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFB2FF81FF6F27ECFE3E8F56" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFB2FF81FF6F27ECFE3E8F56" blockId="33.[128,657,1534,1763]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
VOUCHER MATERIAL:
<materialsCitation id="77D8475BFFB2FF81FE5427ECFE3E8F56" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3037467353" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">2 females (AMNH *266006, *267396) and 3 males (AMNH *266005, *266007; MNHN *1995.843); see table 4 for measurements.</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFB2FF84FF6F2466FC818AD3" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFB2FF81FF6F2466FC828F51" blockId="33.[128,657,1534,1763]" lastBlockId="33.[704,1233,1109,1763]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
IDENTIFICATION:
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFB2FF81FEA82466FEA88F93" author="Brosset, A. &amp; P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and Charles­Dominique (1990)</bibRefCitation>
recognized two small
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB2FF81FDB22483FF318FFD" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FDB22483FF318FFD" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Peropteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in French Guiana that they identified as
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB2FF81FEDD24DEFE4E8FD8" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[303,453,1740,1763]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FEDD24DEFECA8FD8" box="[303,321,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FEAA24DEFE4E8FD8" box="[344,453,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(originally de­scribed by Wagner [1843] based on a Brazilian specimen from Mato Grosso) and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB2FF81FB452661FCAF8D93" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FB452661FB428DB1" box="[1207,1225,1139,1162]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FD322683FCAF8D93" box="[704,804,1169,1192]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described by
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFB2FF81FC122683FB098D93" author="Miller, G. S." box="[992,1154,1169,1192]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="33" pageNumber="33" pagination="173 - 181" part="12" refId="ref98056" refString="Miller, G. S. 1899. Descriptions of three new free-tailed bats. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 12: 173 - 181." title="Descriptions of three new free-tailed bats" type="journal article" year="1899">Miller [1899]</bibRefCitation>
based on four specimens from Trinidad). Previously, Sanborn (1937) and
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFB2FF81FC2A26DEFCC88C3A" author="Goodwin, G. G. &amp; A. M. Greenhall" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="33" pageNumber="33" pagination="191 - 301" part="122" refId="ref94360" refString="Goodwin, G. G., and A. M. Greenhall 1961. A review of the bats of Trinidad and Tobago: descriptions, rabies infection, and ecology. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 122: 191 - 301." title="A review of the bats of Trinidad and Tobago: descriptions, rabies infection, and ecology" type="journal article" year="1961">Goodwin and Greenhall (1961)</bibRefCitation>
had concluded that
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB2FF81FBC426F9FB118C39" box="[1078,1178,1259,1282]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FBC426F9FB118C39" box="[1078,1178,1259,1282]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was no more than subspecifically distinct from
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB2FF81FD322734FCA68C06" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[704,813,1318,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FD322734FCA68C06" box="[704,813,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because specimens referable to these taxa are similar and were not then known from sympatry. Although Handley (1976) subsequently reported that
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB2FF81FBA82792FD508C8D" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FBA82792FBE78CAC" box="[1114,1132,1408,1431]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FB8E2792FD508C8D" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB2FF81FCD1278DFC248C8D" box="[803,943,1438,1462]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FCD1278DFCBE8C8D" box="[803,821,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FCB9278DFC248C8D" box="[843,943,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur sympatrically in Venezuela, he provided no discussion of diagnostic characters. In consequence, most recent authors (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFB2FF81FC5D27EBFB478F2B" author="Jones, J. K. &amp; C. S. Hood" bookContentInfo="32 pp." box="[943,1228,1529,1552]" journalOrPublisher="Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" refId="ref96227" refString="Jones, J. K., and C. S. Hood 1993. Synopsis of South American bats of the family Emballonuridae. Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. 155: 32 pp." title="Synopsis of South American bats of the family Emballonuridae" type="book" year="1993">Jones and Hood, 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFB2FF81FD322405FC0C8F15" author="Koopman, K. F." box="[704,903,1559,1582]" editor="D. E. Wilson &amp; D. M. Reeder" journalOrPublisher="Washington, DC: Smithson. Inst. Press" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" refId="ref96667" refString="1993. Order Chiroptera. In D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (eds.), Mammal species of the World, a taxonomic and geographic reference, 2 nd ed.: 137 - 241. Washington, DC: Smithson. Inst. Press." title="Order Chiroptera" type="book" volumeTitle="Mammal species of the World, a taxonomic and geographic reference, 2 nd" year="1993">Koopman, 1993</bibRefCitation>
, 1994) have continued to recognize
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB2FF81FCC82427FC158F77" box="[826,926,1589,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FCC82427FC158F77" box="[826,926,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB2FF81FB702427FC898F51" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FB702427FB1F8F77" box="[1154,1172,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FB512427FC898F51" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFB2FF81FD2F2463FB5B8FD8" blockId="33.[704,1233,1109,1763]" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFB2FF81FC7A2463FCEA8F9D" author="Brosset, A. &amp; P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and Charles­Dominique (1990)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB2FF81FC842482FBE68F9C" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[886,1133,1680,1703]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FC842482FBE68F9C" box="[886,1133,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">Peropteryx macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB2FF81FB452482FCAF8FFE" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FB452482FB428F9C" box="[1207,1225,1680,1703]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB2FF81FD3224BCFCAF8FFE" box="[704,804,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="33">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished in French Guiana based on size (e.g., forearm length 43.0–
</paragraph>
<caption id="93CF1D8EFFB1FF82FF8A2401FDE48F79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545092" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545092/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" startId="34.[120,158,1555,1576]" targetBox="[175,1120,213,1521]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFB1FF82FF8A2401FDE48F79" blockId="34.[94,1198,1554,1602]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">
Fig. 19. Dorsal (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB1FF82FECE2400FEC48F1C" bold="true" box="[316,335,1554,1575]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">A</emphasis>
), ventral (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB1FF82FE332400FE598F1C" bold="true" box="[449,466,1554,1575]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">B</emphasis>
), and lateral (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB1FF82FD992400FDF58F1C" bold="true" box="[619,638,1554,1575]" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
) views of the skull of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB1FF82FC872401FBC68F13" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[885,1101,1555,1576]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB1FF82FC872401FBC68F13" box="[885,1101,1555,1576]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="34">Peropteryx macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 266005; male) from Paracou. Scale bar = 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="93CF1D8EFFB0FF83FF6827D7FC818F7E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545094" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545094/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" startId="35.[154,192,1477,1498]" targetBox="[281,1077,213,1449]" targetPageId="35">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFB0FF83FF6827D7FC818F7E" blockId="35.[128,1233,1477,1605]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">
Fig. 20. Close­up lateral views of the upper right dentition of (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB0FF83FC9927D7FCF58CE1" bold="true" box="[875,894,1477,1498]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB0FF83FC6027D4FBE78CE0" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[914,1132,1478,1499]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB0FF83FC6027D4FBE78CE0" box="[914,1132,1478,1499]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">Peropteryx macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 267396; female) from Paracou and (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB0FF83FE0F27F2FD858CCE" bold="true" box="[509,526,1504,1525]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
) the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB0FF83FD3127F2FCB08CCE" box="[707,827,1504,1525]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB0FF83FD3127F2FD588CCE" box="[707,723,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB0FF83FD1327F2FCB08CCE" box="[737,827,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 7496; female) from Trinidad. Occlusal views of the upper right dentition (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB0FF83FD8A27E8FD008F34" bold="true" box="[632,651,1530,1551]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB0FF83FD5227E9FC958F2B" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[672,798,1531,1552]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB0FF83FD5227E9FD3B8F2B" box="[672,688,1531,1552]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB0FF83FD3127E9FC958F2B" box="[707,798,1531,1552]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 267396; female) and (
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB0FF83FB7A27E8FB108F34" bold="true" box="[1160,1179,1530,1551]" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">D</emphasis>
) the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB0FF83FEF72404FEF48F10" box="[261,383,1557,1579]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB0FF83FEF72404FE9E8F10" box="[261,277,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB0FF83FED72404FEF48F10" box="[293,383,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="35">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 7496; female) are shown below. Note the species difference in morphology of the anterior upper premolar. Scale bars = 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFB7FF84FFAC22C4FE148B9E" blockId="36.[94,623,214,1763]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
47.0 mm, maxillary toothrow length 5.3–6.0 mm in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FF4522E6FECA8830" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[183,321,244,267]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FF4522E6FF428830" box="[183,201,244,267]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FF2922E6FECA8830" box="[219,321,244,267]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, forearm 39.5–40.4 mm, maxillary toothrow 4.7–4.8 in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FE272303FDD68813" box="[469,605,273,296]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FE272303FE6C8813" box="[469,487,273,296]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FE0B2303FDD68813" box="[505,605,273,296]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), skull shape (shorter, more rounded in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FDEB233DFF138858" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FDEB233DFDA0887D" box="[537,555,303,326]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FDC8233DFF138858" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and ear and tragus shape (both narrower in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FF26237BFED488BB" box="[212,351,361,384]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FF26237BFF6D88BB" box="[212,230,361,384]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FF09237BFED488BB" box="[251,351,361,384]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). They also observed differences in sexual dimorphism (females larger than males in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FEAC23B6FE628880" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[350,489,420,443]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FEAC23B6FEFB8880" box="[350,368,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FE7123B6FE628880" box="[387,489,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FFAC23D3FF7B88E3" box="[94,240,449,472]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FFAC23D3FFFB88E3" box="[94,112,449,472]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FF7E23D3FF7B88E3" box="[140,240,449,472]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and social behavior (social groups of 1–4 individuals in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FE2B23CDFDEC88CD" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[473,615,478,502]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FE2B23CDFE6088CD" box="[473,491,479,502]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FDF323CDFDEC88CD" box="[513,615,479,502]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, much larger [&gt; 100] in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FE8D23EEFD8D8B28" box="[383,518,508,531]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FE8D23EEFE1A8B28" box="[383,401,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FE5023EEFD8D8B28" box="[418,518,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Unfortunately, all of their observations concerning
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FFAC2025FF638B75" box="[94,232,566,590]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FFAC2025FFFB8B75" box="[94,112,567,590]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FF762025FF638B75" box="[132,232,567,590]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were based on a single colony from which only two specimens (one male and one female) were collected (
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFB7FF84FE102063FE198B9E" author="Brosset, A. &amp; P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and Charles­Dominique, 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFB7FF84FF8920BEFE328DE8" blockId="36.[94,623,214,1763]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
Our voucher material from Paracou appears to represent the same species that Brosset and Charles­Dominique identified as
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FDC820F5FEAE8A20" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FDC820F5FEAE8A20" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Peropteryx macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
despite some discrepancies in measurements. Whereas all measurements of the two females in our sample (table 4) fall within the range of variation they reported for female
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FEC9216BFE4D8AAB" baseAuthorityName="Wagner" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[315,454,889,912]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FEC9216BFEC68AAB" box="[315,333,889,912]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FE92216BFE4D8AAB" box="[352,454,889,912]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(op. cit.), the forearm measurements of our three males (39.7, 40.1, and 42.2 mm) correspond more closely to values they reported for
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FDFF21C3FF1B8D3D" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FDFF21C3FD948AD3" box="[525,543,977,1000]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FDC021C3FF1B8D3D" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Examination of skull shape and ear morphology, however, suggest that all of our specimens represent
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FEA1263BFDCE8D66" authority="sensu Brosset and Charles-Dominique. Therefore" authorityName="Brosset and Charles-Dominique. Therefore" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FEA1263BFEEE8D7B" box="[339,357,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FE84263BFE578D7B" box="[374,476,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">macrotis</emphasis>
sensu Brosset and Charles­Dominique. Therefore
</taxonomicName>
, if there are two diagnosable taxa of small
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FDC82676FF3E8DA3" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FDC82676FF3E8DA3" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Peropteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in French Guiana, it appears that males cannot be distinguished on the basis of forearm measurements alone.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFB7FF84FF8926CBFB238880" blockId="36.[94,623,214,1763]" lastBlockId="36.[670,1198,214,1352]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
To test our identification of the Paracou specimens, we compared our series with the adult female holotype (AMNH 7496) of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FDC82706FEAE8C73" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FDC82706FEAE8C73" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Peropteryx trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The forearm of the holotype measures 41.9 mm, much smaller than those of either of our Paracou females. Although the skull of the holotype is badly damaged, the rostrum and toothrows remain largely intact (fig. 20). The maxillary toothrow length of AMNH 7496 is 5.21 mm, and the breadth across the upper molars is 5.74 mm, values that likewise fall well below those of our female Paracou vouchers (table 4) and of the female specimen identified as
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FFAC2466FF548FB0" box="[94,223,1652,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FFAC2466FFE48FB0" box="[94,111,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FF8F2466FF548FB0" box="[125,223,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFB7FF84FEFB2466FF248F93" author="Brosset, A. &amp; P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and Charles­Dominique (1990)</bibRefCitation>
. We also noted one qualitative difference between the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FE2624BDFDB38FFD" box="[468,568,1711,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FE2624BDFDB38FFD" box="[468,568,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and our voucher material: the anterior upper pre­ molar is peglike and lacks well­defined anterior and posterior cusps in
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FBFD22E6FBF88830" box="[1039,1139,244,267]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FBFD22E6FBF88830" box="[1039,1139,244,267]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this tooth is larger and has a distinct posterior cusp in the Paracou specimens. Paratypes (AMNH 7493, 7494, 7495) and topotypes (AMNH 175556, 175558, 175559) of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FB80237BFD5B88A5" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FB80237BFD5B88A5" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resemble the holotype in size and also have tiny, peglike anterior upper premolars.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFB7FF84FD4923D3FC818AD3" blockId="36.[670,1198,214,1352]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFB7FF84FCAE23D3FBF588E3" author="Carter, D. C. &amp; P. G. Dolan" bookContentInfo="136 pp." box="[860,1150,449,472]" journalOrPublisher="Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" refId="ref92052" refString="Carter, D. C., and P. G. Dolan 1978. Catalogue of type specimens of Neotropical bats in selected European museums. Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. 15: 136 pp." title="Catalogue of type specimens of Neotropical bats in selected European museums" type="book" year="1978">Carter and Dolan (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FCC223CDFBAA88CD" box="[816,1057,479,502]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FCC223CDFBAA88CD" box="[816,1057,479,502]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Peropteryx macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an uncatalogued adult female preserved in alcohol at the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien. Unfortunately, the skull is missing and presumed lost. However, the forearm measurement of the holotype reported by Carter and Dolan, 45.8 mm, corresponds closely with that of our female specimen from Paracou (45.0 mm) and with those identified as
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FBD520DBFB258BDB" box="[1063,1198,713,736]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FBD520DBFBB28BDB" box="[1063,1081,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FBBA20DBFB258BDB" box="[1096,1198,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Brosset and Charles Dominique (43.9– 47.0 mm). These measurements are larger than, and do not overlap with, measurements previously reported for females of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FBBF212DFD5B8A48" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FBBF212DFBD48A6D" box="[1101,1119,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FB80212DFD5B8A48" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">trinitatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g., by
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFB7FF84FCCC214EFB2A8A48" author="Goodwin, G. G. &amp; A. M. Greenhall" box="[830,1185,860,883]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="36" pageNumber="36" pagination="191 - 301" part="122" refId="ref94360" refString="Goodwin, G. G., and A. M. Greenhall 1961. A review of the bats of Trinidad and Tobago: descriptions, rabies infection, and ecology. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 122: 191 - 301." title="A review of the bats of Trinidad and Tobago: descriptions, rabies infection, and ecology" type="journal article" year="1961">Goodwin and Greenhall, 1961</bibRefCitation>
). We therefore follow Brosset and Charles­ Dominique in referring the larger of the two small
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FD1A21A6FCE28AF0" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[744,873,948,971]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FD1A21A6FCE28AF0" box="[744,873,948,971]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Peropteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from French Guiana to
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FB6721A6FC8F8AD3" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FB6721A6FB2C8AF0" box="[1173,1191,948,971]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FD6C21C3FC8F8AD3" box="[670,772,977,1000]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFB7FF84FD4921FCFB008C73" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFB7FF84FD4921FCFB008C73" blockId="36.[670,1198,214,1352]" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">
FIELD OBSERVATIONS: We captured only five individuals of
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFB7FF84FC78261EFBF68D18" box="[906,1149,1036,1059]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Peropteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFB7FF84FC78261EFBF68D18" box="[906,1149,1036,1059]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="36">Peropteryx macrotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, all of them at roosts. One roosting group of three bats (two adult males and one adult female) was found beneath the broken trunk of a fallen tree cantilevered about 1.5 m above the ground in well­drained primary forest (fig. 16). Another group of three individuals (of which only one adult male and one subadult female were captured) was found in a large hollow log (ca. 60 cm in inside diameter), also in well­drained primary forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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