487 lines
64 KiB
XML
487 lines
64 KiB
XML
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<document id="2ECAB23B71B89D0C178A3F2C49057E46" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3664.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e5ce6301-e878-4ddd-9309-c56373686f59" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="283786" ID-ZooBank="C8136C89-7787-477D-BC64-97AA6C16057B" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460613860799" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rodriguez, Pilar & Fend, Steven V." docDate="2013" docId="154FD01D4B44FFC8FF6E9068B8EFCE00" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03664p044.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3664 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus Rodriguez & Fend, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="E976A8654B53FFD3FFF99271B97ACD14" masterDocTitle="New species of Rhyacodrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Rhyacodrilinae) of North America, with re-description of R. sodalis (Eisen, 1879)" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698329309631" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="752A6F3796425CCA7F54765DF3DDB967" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="302FBC7D7577B4BA664DAB38F072C4BE">
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<mods:title id="442DE9AFEE47F589177A779449881396">New species of Rhyacodrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Rhyacodrilinae) of North America, with re-description of R. sodalis (Eisen, 1879)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A6FD4365F9E5A17A3133850112FC7D75" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="AF18C6CCC04026C775165075D57995D5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FF9BCF19D1F9269E5FA61B9A5C77A1C1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2DFFE19BE15A96C3580E6BC62CA7F981">Rodriguez, Pilar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3FAAC58456DDEE4D1DB2C2C5DFFD6AE4" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="06B0E4B0494B780E56A3D1E943FE7EE8">
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<mods:roleTerm id="365A8B0BB47BD795C71644175DFF5BBA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C156FA5A453EC7E9C76D5FB168725A63">Fend, Steven V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B49C7083B4001D5803762DAC738C4D87">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="6A1D47656950571B8091675267CD90EC">
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<mods:title id="06227BE38AA82EABE1D0236D6BC7C269">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4421B54D686F94C4F798B7468CB173FF">
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<mods:date id="3CC2BB87382B603E3C6F288196EC6AEC">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6B279FBE67E116316A911F6567D3BE86" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C0E0F30D8FC41531315C382A16B9CE28">3664</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="3C67491E74F65FB7C6D23BF0188AF55A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A880B730DC448B51C72664D2E18FFBE5">1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="DC23F8081F14AC85598F0CCCB03975E8" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="6BB99DA8CFE0717F7EDBAB64FADE061D">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="3DCF41D23EF1FFEFC37CD24471CBBADC">44</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="DEA2F6B95B4394C44C0DED3DA6238C9A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BF0451603EBB56925881E65B2D655AE8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3664.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C4964789B01545D4E779730F8893A331" type="GBIF-Dataset">e5ce6301-e878-4ddd-9309-c56373686f59</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B251C33A083EB86A1885BB8E2D4F92BA" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F9CD3E3233F757EB493641D9CE7803A8" type="Zenodo-Dep">283786</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="76D9EFE0FDF72CC0AE4D6A30690A6B0D" type="ZooBank">C8136C89-7787-477D-BC64-97AA6C16057B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="154FD01D4B44FFC8FF6E9068B8EFCE00" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6160665" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127664167" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6160665" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:154FD01D4B44FFC8FF6E9068B8EFCE00" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/154FD01D4B44FFC8FF6E9068B8EFCE00" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B44FFC4FF6E9068B85CCF40" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9D59610B4B44FFC4FF6E9068BB7BCF26" blockId="23.[151,513,536,596]" box="[151,513,536,563]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="C611D6674B44FFC4FF6E9068BB7BCF26" bold="true" box="[151,513,536,563]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="AF92BD194B44FFC4FF6E9068BB7BCF26" bold="true" box="[151,513,536,563]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B44FFC4FF6E9068B8C2CF27" box="[151,440,537,563]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="AF92BD194B44FFC4FF6E9068B8C2CF27" bold="true" box="[151,440,537,563]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B44FFC4FE469069BB7BCF26" box="[447,513,536,562]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D59610B4B44FFC4FF6E904DB85CCF40" blockId="23.[151,513,536,596]" box="[151,294,572,596]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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(
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<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B44FFC4FF66904DB865CF40" box="[159,287,572,596]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 12" captionStart-1="FIGURE 13" captionStartId-0="24.[151,250,1623,1646]" captionStartId-1="25.[151,250,1712,1735]" captionTargetBox-0="[235,1357,220,1589]" captionTargetBox-1="[172,1408,198,1681]" captionTargetId-0="figure@24.[226,1361,193,1602]" captionTargetId-1="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1691]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionText-0="FIGURE 12. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. A. Anterior part of the body showing the position of clitellum, chaetal tubercles and male pores. B. Dorsal pores. C. Coelomocytes. D. chloragenous cells with granules. E. Dorsal pore in the secondary annulation of segment V. F – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI, XIII and posterior. I – J. Ventral chaetae in segment VII and posterior, respectively. K. Atrium and penial chaetae arranged fan-wise, with numerous dorso-ventral muscular strands. L. Detail of penial chaetae and penial sac surrounded by musculature. M. Ventral chaetae in segments VII and X (spermathecal segment), for comparison." captionText-1="FIGURE 13. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. Schematic drawings of the reproductive system and penial chaetae in XI. A. View from median body line, B. Lateral view of atrium and chaetal tubercula in segments IX and X." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/283799/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/283800/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figs 12–13</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B44FFC4FF6E90F5BDA0CEA8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9D59610B4B44FFC4FF6E90F5B833CFAB" blockId="23.[151,1437,644,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="AF92BD194B44FFC4FF6E90F5B87ECF88" bold="true" box="[151,260,644,668]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B44FFC4FF6E90F5B87ECF88" box="[151,260,644,668]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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. USNM 1202066, mature but unmated specimen, dissected and stained in hematoxylin; mounted in
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<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B44FFC4FF6E90D6B991CFAB" box="[151,235,679,703]" name="Canada" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Canada</collectingCountry>
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balsam.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D59610B4B44FFC4FF3090BDBD8CCE13" blockId="23.[151,1437,644,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="AF92BD194B44FFC4FF3090BDB83BCFF0" bold="true" box="[201,321,716,740]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B44FFC4FF3090BDB83BCFF0" box="[201,321,716,740]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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. USNM 1202067-69, 1 dissected specimen stained in hematoxylin, from the
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<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B44FFC4FB5090BCBDA3CFF1" box="[1193,1241,717,741]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
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locality (
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<date id="E95847CB4B44FFC4FABD90BDB9A9CE13" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2011-06-20">20 June 2011</date>
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). 2 partially mature, dissected worms from the
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<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B44FFC4FD1B9080BA68CE1D" box="[738,786,753,777]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
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locality (
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<date id="E95847CB4B44FFC4FC84909EBD7ECE13" box="[893,1028,751,776]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2008-06-07">7 June 2008</date>
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and
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<date id="E95847CB4B44FFC4FBC2909EBD91CE13" box="[1083,1259,751,775]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2007-03-25">25 March 2007</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D59610B4B44FFC4FF309165BDBDCE5B" blockId="23.[151,1437,644,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="AF92BD194B44FFC4FF309165B825CE38" bold="true" box="[201,351,787,812]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B44FFC4FF309165B87ECE38" box="[201,260,788,812]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Type</typeStatus>
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locality
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B44FFC4FE949165B89CCE38" box="[365,486,788,812]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
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Creek, above
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<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B44FFC4FD719165BA7BCE38" box="[648,769,788,812]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
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Reservoir, in a short (ca.
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<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B44FFC4FBD99165BD20CE38" box="[1056,1114,788,812]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
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) reach below the confluence with Rincon Creek,
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<geoCoordinate id="F8D207CC4B44FFC4FE819146B889CE5B" box="[376,499,823,847]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="5" value="37.1831">N37.1831°</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="F8D207CC4B44FFC4FE039146BBF1CE5B" box="[506,651,823,847]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="5" value="-121.8716">W121.8716°</geoCoordinate>
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, Santa Clara Co. California (
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<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B44FFC4FC379146BD73CE5B" box="[974,1033,823,847]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">USA</collectingCountry>
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) (
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<date id="E95847CB4B44FFC4FBD89146BDC1CE5B" box="[1057,1211,823,848]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2011-06-21">21 June 2011</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D59610B4B44FFC4FF30912ABDA0CEA8" blockId="23.[151,1437,644,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="AF92BD194B44FFC4FF30912AB805CE60" bold="true" box="[201,383,859,884]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Other material</emphasis>
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. From the
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<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B44FFC4FDFA912CBB49CE61" box="[515,563,861,885]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
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locality. Slide-mounted, partially mature specimens: 6 dissected (
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<date id="E95847CB4B44FFC4FAD5912DB9A8CE83" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2007-03-25">25 March 2007</date>
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,
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<date id="E95847CB4B44FFC4FF19910EB802CE83" box="[224,376,895,919]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2008-04-06">6 April 2008</date>
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,
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<date id="E95847CB4B44FFC4FE7F910EBB5ECE83" box="[390,548,895,921]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2009-05-11">11 May 2009</date>
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,
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<date id="E95847CB4B44FFC4FDCB91F0BBBECE83" box="[562,708,895,920]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2008-06-07">7 June 2008</date>
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). 20 unmounted, partially mature specimens: 2 from
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<date id="E95847CB4B44FFC4FAD4910EB9A8CEA8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2008-03-22">22 March 2008</date>
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, 4 from
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<date id="E95847CB4B44FFC4FED691D5B8BBCEA8" box="[303,449,932,956]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2008-04-06">6 April 2008</date>
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, 3 from
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<date id="E95847CB4B44FFC4FDE691D5BBC5CEA8" box="[543,703,932,956]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2008-04-17">17 April 2008</date>
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, 10 from
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<date id="E95847CB4B44FFC4FCD391D5BAA2CEA8" box="[810,984,932,956]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2009-03-27">27 March 2009</date>
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, 1 from
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<date id="E95847CB4B44FFC4FBCF91D5BDADCEA8" box="[1078,1239,932,956]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="2010-03-08">8 March 2010</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B44FFC4FF3091B9BD00C911" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="9D59610B4B44FFC4FF3091B9BD00C911" blockId="23.[151,1437,644,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="AF92BD194B44FFC4FF3091B9B832CEF4" bold="true" box="[201,328,968,992]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Etymology</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B44FFC4FEAF91B9B8BCCEF4" box="[342,454,968,992]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus">
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<emphasis id="AF92BD194B44FFC4FEAF91B9B8BCCEF4" box="[342,454,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">alcyoneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, for
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<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B44FFC4FE0591B9BB0DCEF4" box="[508,631,968,992]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="23" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus">Alcyoneus</taxonomicName>
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, the eldest of the
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<emphasis id="AF92BD194B44FFC4FCC391B8BAE3CEF4" box="[826,921,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">gigantes</emphasis>
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("the earth born" in Greek) slain by Heracles. The name refers to the very large size of the worms in this species, relative to congeners.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B44FFC9FF30967EBBD3CFFB" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9D59610B4B44FFC4FF30967EBA22C85C" blockId="23.[151,1437,644,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="AF92BD194B44FFC4FF30967EB82EC93C" bold="true" box="[201,340,1039,1064]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Description</emphasis>
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. Whole body dimensions in the description are based on 24 worms, all with at least obvious sperm sacs or partially developed genital pores. Number of segments in complete specimens about 100–135, length up to
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|
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<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B44FFC4FF6E9629B991C964" box="[151,235,1112,1136]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="63.0">63 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
(most specimens about half this length; median
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B44FFC4FCC89629BAF3C964" box="[817,905,1112,1136]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
). Diameter of the body in VIII
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B44FFC4FAF09629BCE2C964" box="[1289,1432,1112,1136]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.3 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
; maximum diameter to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B44FFC4FE6A960DB896C980" box="[403,492,1148,1172]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
. Short, round prostomium (315–486 µm long, 504–630 µm wide at base) (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B44FFC4FAD1960DBC02C980" box="[1320,1400,1148,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1623,1646]" captionTargetBox="[235,1357,220,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[226,1361,193,1602]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. A. Anterior part of the body showing the position of clitellum, chaetal tubercles and male pores. B. Dorsal pores. C. Coelomocytes. D. chloragenous cells with granules. E. Dorsal pore in the secondary annulation of segment V. F – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI, XIII and posterior. I – J. Ventral chaetae in segment VII and posterior, respectively. K. Atrium and penial chaetae arranged fan-wise, with numerous dorso-ventral muscular strands. L. Detail of penial chaetae and penial sac surrounded by musculature. M. Ventral chaetae in segments VII and X (spermathecal segment), for comparison." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283799/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A). Epidermis glandular, 15–33 µm high in anteclitellar region, where it is more darkly stained in haematoxylin than in postclitellar region. Secondary annulation usually visible in anterior segments as a narrow anterior ring; median and posterior furrows often present, dividing each anterior segment into 2–4 apparent sections (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B44FFC4FB049699BC2BC814" box="[1277,1361,1256,1280]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1623,1646]" captionTargetBox="[235,1357,220,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[226,1361,193,1602]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. A. Anterior part of the body showing the position of clitellum, chaetal tubercles and male pores. B. Dorsal pores. C. Coelomocytes. D. chloragenous cells with granules. E. Dorsal pore in the secondary annulation of segment V. F – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI, XIII and posterior. I – J. Ventral chaetae in segment VII and posterior, respectively. K. Atrium and penial chaetae arranged fan-wise, with numerous dorso-ventral muscular strands. L. Detail of penial chaetae and penial sac surrounded by musculature. M. Ventral chaetae in segments VII and X (spermathecal segment), for comparison." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283799/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A, B); apparent segmentation in posterior segments varies with fixation, but additional rings may be visible. Mid-dorsal pores at the anterior secondary furrow in III–VII (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B44FFC4FD3C9741BA6DC85C" box="[709,791,1328,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1623,1646]" captionTargetBox="[235,1357,220,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[226,1361,193,1602]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. A. Anterior part of the body showing the position of clitellum, chaetal tubercles and male pores. B. Dorsal pores. C. Coelomocytes. D. chloragenous cells with granules. E. Dorsal pore in the secondary annulation of segment V. F – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI, XIII and posterior. I – J. Ventral chaetae in segment VII and posterior, respectively. K. Atrium and penial chaetae arranged fan-wise, with numerous dorso-ventral muscular strands. L. Detail of penial chaetae and penial sac surrounded by musculature. M. Ventral chaetae in segments VII and X (spermathecal segment), for comparison." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283799/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
B, E).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B44FFC4FF309725BC34C8E8" blockId="23.[151,1437,644,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
|||
|
|
Clitellum saddle-shaped (thickest dorsally), maximum thickness 70–100 μm, from level of chaetae in X to mid-XIII. One pair spermathecal pores at the beginning of segment X, slightly lateral to the line of ventral chaetae, on the secondary annulation; actual pore is at the outer edge of an inconspicuous transverse groove (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B44FFC4FB0D97EDBC3FC8A0" box="[1268,1349,1436,1460]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1712,1735]" captionTargetBox="[172,1408,198,1681]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1691]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. Schematic drawings of the reproductive system and penial chaetae in XI. A. View from median body line, B. Lateral view of atrium and chaetal tubercula in segments IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283800/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
B). One pair male pores in segment XI, in line of ventral chaetae, externally visible as transverse folds or pits. One pair female pores, inconspicuous at 11/12, about midway between the lateral line and the line of ventral chaetae.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B44FFC4FF309476B98DCAE0" blockId="23.[151,1437,644,2036]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
|||
|
|
Dorsal bundles in anterior segments with 1–3 smooth hair chaetae (maximum length 530–764 µm, shorter in segment II up to 240–370 µm) and (1)3–6 pectinate chaetae. Pectinate chaetae up to 124 µm long in II, 166–224 µm in other segments, very slightly sigmoid, teeth about equally long, and pectinations shorter than or equal to outer teeth (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B44FFC4FEE59405B811CB98" box="[284,363,1652,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1623,1646]" captionTargetBox="[235,1357,220,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[226,1361,193,1602]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. A. Anterior part of the body showing the position of clitellum, chaetal tubercles and male pores. B. Dorsal pores. C. Coelomocytes. D. chloragenous cells with granules. E. Dorsal pore in the secondary annulation of segment V. F – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI, XIII and posterior. I – J. Ventral chaetae in segment VII and posterior, respectively. K. Atrium and penial chaetae arranged fan-wise, with numerous dorso-ventral muscular strands. L. Detail of penial chaetae and penial sac surrounded by musculature. M. Ventral chaetae in segments VII and X (spermathecal segment), for comparison." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283799/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
F, G). Posterior dorsal chaetae 3–6 per bundle, not pectinate, much like ventral chaetae posterior to about XV (155–237 µm long), upper tooth thinner and of the same length or slightly shorter than lower (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B44FFC4FA9794E6B9CECBC0" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1623,1646]" captionTargetBox="[235,1357,220,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[226,1361,193,1602]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. A. Anterior part of the body showing the position of clitellum, chaetal tubercles and male pores. B. Dorsal pores. C. Coelomocytes. D. chloragenous cells with granules. E. Dorsal pore in the secondary annulation of segment V. F – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI, XIII and posterior. I – J. Ventral chaetae in segment VII and posterior, respectively. K. Atrium and penial chaetae arranged fan-wise, with numerous dorso-ventral muscular strands. L. Detail of penial chaetae and penial sac surrounded by musculature. M. Ventral chaetae in segments VII and X (spermathecal segment), for comparison." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283799/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
H). Hair chaetae absent posterior to segment XIII or XIV. Ventral chaetae bifid. Anterior ventral chaetae 4–6 per bundle (141–200 µm long), sigmoid, with nodulus about 1/3 the distance from the tip; distal tooth 1.5 to 2 times the length of proximal. In mature worms ventral chaetal bundles of IX and X on low, round tubercles, 170–220 μm wide (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B44FFC4FF279556B855CA2B" box="[222,303,1831,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1712,1735]" captionTargetBox="[172,1408,198,1681]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1691]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. Schematic drawings of the reproductive system and penial chaetae in XI. A. View from median body line, B. Lateral view of atrium and chaetal tubercula in segments IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283800/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
B cht); ventral chaetae in X reduced to 2(3) per bundle, slightly longer (245–288 μm) than those in anterior segments, and with distal tooth up to 4 times longer than proximal (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B44FFC4FC1E953DBD42CA70" box="[999,1080,1868,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1623,1646]" captionTargetBox="[235,1357,220,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[226,1361,193,1602]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. A. Anterior part of the body showing the position of clitellum, chaetal tubercles and male pores. B. Dorsal pores. C. Coelomocytes. D. chloragenous cells with granules. E. Dorsal pore in the secondary annulation of segment V. F – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI, XIII and posterior. I – J. Ventral chaetae in segment VII and posterior, respectively. K. Atrium and penial chaetae arranged fan-wise, with numerous dorso-ventral muscular strands. L. Detail of penial chaetae and penial sac surrounded by musculature. M. Ventral chaetae in segments VII and X (spermathecal segment), for comparison." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283799/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
M). Postclitellar ventral chaetae 1–4(6), commonly 2–3, per bundle (133–230 µm long); teeth about equal in length, distal tooth thinner. Modified penial chaetae unequal in length (221–327 µm) in segment XI, 5–7 per bundle, simple-pointed or minutely bifid in the most mature specimens (or bifid in some of the less-mature worms), and arranged fanwise at male pore (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B44FFC4FA9795C9B9C9CAE0" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1623,1646]" captionTargetBox="[235,1357,220,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[226,1361,193,1602]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. A. Anterior part of the body showing the position of clitellum, chaetal tubercles and male pores. B. Dorsal pores. C. Coelomocytes. D. chloragenous cells with granules. E. Dorsal pore in the secondary annulation of segment V. F – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI, XIII and posterior. I – J. Ventral chaetae in segment VII and posterior, respectively. K. Atrium and penial chaetae arranged fan-wise, with numerous dorso-ventral muscular strands. L. Detail of penial chaetae and penial sac surrounded by musculature. M. Ventral chaetae in segments VII and X (spermathecal segment), for comparison." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283799/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
K, L).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="C99931834B4BFFCBFF6E9426BB4CCA13" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283799/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[235,1357,220,1589]" targetPageId="24">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4BFFCBFF6E9426BB4CCA13" blockId="24.[151,1436,1623,1799]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4BFFCBFF6E9426B865CB79" bold="true" box="[151,287,1623,1646]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4BFFCBFEDC9429BB62CB7A" box="[293,536,1624,1646]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4BFFCBFEDC9429BB62CB7A" box="[293,536,1624,1646]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4BFFCBFDE79429BB0ACB79" bold="true" box="[542,624,1624,1645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B4BFFCBFDE79429BB2DCB79" box="[542,599,1624,1645]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
A
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Anterior part of the body showing the position of clitellum, chaetal tubercles and male pores.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4BFFCBFE569406B8BACB98" bold="true" box="[431,448,1655,1676]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Dorsal pores.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4BFFCBFD9E9407BB03CB99" bold="true" box="[615,633,1654,1677]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Coelomocytes.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4BFFCBFCD59406BA44CB98" bold="true" box="[812,830,1655,1676]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. chloragenous cells with granules.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4BFFCBFB4E9406BDB2CB98" bold="true" box="[1207,1224,1655,1676]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Dorsal pore in the secondary annulation of segment V.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4BFFCBFDF594E4BB47CBBE" bold="true" box="[524,573,1685,1706]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">F–H</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI, XIII and posterior.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4BFFCBFBAE94E4BD01CBBE" bold="true" box="[1111,1147,1685,1706]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">I–J</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Ventral chaetae in segment VII and posterior, respectively.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4BFFCBFE1294C5B885CBDD" bold="true" box="[491,511,1716,1737]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">K</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Atrium and penial chaetae arranged fan-wise, with numerous dorso-ventral muscular strands.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4BFFCBFF1794A2B985CBFC" bold="true" box="[238,255,1747,1768]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">L</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Detail of penial chaetae and penial sac surrounded by musculature.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4BFFCBFC2394A2BA88CBFC" bold="true" box="[986,1010,1747,1768]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. Ventral chaetae in segments VII and X (spermathecal segment), for comparison.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<caption id="C99931834B4AFFCAFF6E94C1BD29CBF1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283800/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[172,1408,198,1681]" targetPageId="25">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4AFFCAFF6E94C1BD29CBF1" blockId="25.[151,1435,1712,1765]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4AFFCAFF6E94C1B865CBD1" bold="true" box="[151,287,1712,1735]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4AFFCAFEDC94C1BB62CBD2" box="[293,536,1712,1734]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4AFFCAFEDC94C1BB62CBD2" box="[293,536,1712,1734]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4AFFCAFDE794C0BB2DCBD2" bold="true" box="[542,599,1713,1734]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B4AFFCAFDE794C0BB2DCBD2" box="[542,599,1713,1734]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Schematic drawings of the reproductive system and penial chaetae in XI.
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4AFFCAFAB194C1BC20CBD1" bold="true" box="[1352,1370,1712,1733]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. View from median body line,
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4AFFCAFE7294BEB8DBCBF0" bold="true" box="[395,417,1743,1764]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">B.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Lateral view of atrium and chaetal tubercula in segments IX and X.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</caption>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4AFFCAFF309563B894CA81" blockId="25.[151,1437,1809,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
|||
|
|
Very abundant nucleated and granulated coelomocytes (diameter 24–48 µm) (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B4AFFCAFBD79560BDFACA3D" box="[1070,1152,1809,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1623,1646]" captionTargetBox="[235,1357,220,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[226,1361,193,1602]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. A. Anterior part of the body showing the position of clitellum, chaetal tubercles and male pores. B. Dorsal pores. C. Coelomocytes. D. chloragenous cells with granules. E. Dorsal pore in the secondary annulation of segment V. F – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI, XIII and posterior. I – J. Ventral chaetae in segment VII and posterior, respectively. K. Atrium and penial chaetae arranged fan-wise, with numerous dorso-ventral muscular strands. L. Detail of penial chaetae and penial sac surrounded by musculature. M. Ventral chaetae in segments VII and X (spermathecal segment), for comparison." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283799/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
C). Pharynx in II–III (IV) with a well-developed dorsal pad of glandular tissue interspersed with muscle strands. Pharyngeal glands from IV to V, or restricted to IV. Chloragogen layer covering the gut from segment V backwards, up to 108 µm high, densely granulated (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B4AFFCAFE80950CB8B0CA81" box="[377,458,1917,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1623,1646]" captionTargetBox="[235,1357,220,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[226,1361,193,1602]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 12. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. A. Anterior part of the body showing the position of clitellum, chaetal tubercles and male pores. B. Dorsal pores. C. Coelomocytes. D. chloragenous cells with granules. E. Dorsal pore in the secondary annulation of segment V. F – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI, XIII and posterior. I – J. Ventral chaetae in segment VII and posterior, respectively. K. Atrium and penial chaetae arranged fan-wise, with numerous dorso-ventral muscular strands. L. Detail of penial chaetae and penial sac surrounded by musculature. M. Ventral chaetae in segments VII and X (spermathecal segment), for comparison." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283799/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
D).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4AFFC9FF3095D0BA13CDC0" blockId="25.[151,1437,1809,2014]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
|||
|
|
Descriptions of reproductive organs are based on dissections of 3 unmated specimens with mature eggs in the egg sacs, collected on
|
|||
|
|
<date id="E95847CB4B4AFFCAFE6B95B4BB2ECAC9" box="[402,596,1989,2013]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="2011-06-20" valueMax="2011-06-21" valueMin="2011-06-20">20–21 June 2011</date>
|
|||
|
|
, and supplemented with less-mature material collected on other dates. One pair testes in segment X and one pair ovaries in segment XI. Large eggs with yolk granules visible in 3 individuals, egg sac to XX–XXVI; sperm sac back to segment XVIII–XXIV.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B49FFC9FF3092AEBC46CC54" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
Spermathecal duct joins a wide ectal vestibule at lateral edge of outer fold (135–175 μm long); the duct is very short (45 μm long by 100–175 μm wide), with narrow-columnar epithelium and a very narrow lumen (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B49FFC9FAD69375BCFACC08" box="[1327,1408,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1712,1735]" captionTargetBox="[172,1408,198,1681]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1691]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. Schematic drawings of the reproductive system and penial chaetae in XI. A. View from median body line, B. Lateral view of atrium and chaetal tubercula in segments IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283800/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A, B). Spermathecal ampulla without sperm in all examined individuals (i.e. unmated), up to 340 by 490 μm.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B49FFC9FF30933DBBD3CFFB" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
Sperm funnel opens in the ventral part of septum 10/11, up to 300 μm wide. Vas deferens ciliated, with columnar epithelium in middle portion; diameter 51–66 µm, narrowing to 27–45 µm close to the atrial junction, and to 30–54 µm at the sperm funnel. Vas deferens longer (520–700 µm) than atrium, joining atrium subapically (
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B49FFC9FF6693C6B988CCDB" box="[159,242,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1712,1735]" captionTargetBox="[172,1408,198,1681]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1691]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 13. Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus sp. n. Schematic drawings of the reproductive system and penial chaetae in XI. A. View from median body line, B. Lateral view of atrium and chaetal tubercula in segments IX and X." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283800/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
A, B). Atrium elongated and roughly tubular, narrowed at ends, 405–510 μm long in the 3 most-mature worms, 360–469 µm in the other material, and 82–125 µm wide. No clear separation between atrial ampulla and duct. Ental 1/2 to 2/3 of atrium ampulla-like, with somewhat columnar epithelium, lumen ciliated, muscle layer about 3 μm thick and covered by a layer of prostate cells (70–120 µm high) in tightly-packed bundles in more mature worms, or appearing diffuse in less-mature worms. Ectal 1/2 to 1/3 of atrium without prostate, 180–220 μm long, to 122 μm wide entally, narrowing to 78 μm ectally; with oblique muscle strands extending from the atrial muscle layer (5 μm) to the body wall near the male pore. A mass of loosely packed cells (possibly glandular) among the muscle bands, associated with the male pore. Several dorso-ventral muscle strands are associated with the bundles of penial chaetae at the male pores.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B49FFC9FF30908ABA2ACEF8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B49FFC9FF30908ABA2ACEF8" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FF30908AB883CE00" bold="true" box="[201,505,763,788]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
.
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B49FFC9FDF7908DBBFDCE00" box="[526,647,764,788]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
Creek occupies a small drainage in the Coast Ranges of central California. The stream is regulated, but the
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FD5F9151BA6CCE2C" box="[678,790,800,824]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FD5F9151BA6CCE2C" box="[678,790,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">alcyoneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B49FFC9FCDA9150BA29CE2D" box="[803,851,801,825]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
locality is upstream of the reservoirs, and has a relatively undisturbed watershed with natural flow regime. The collection site is a third-order stream with gravelcobble sediments; summer temperatures are generally low (below 20° C), and salmonids are present (Carter & Fend 2000; Jae Abel, Santa Clara Valley Water District, pers. comm. 2012). Surface flow is very low from late summer through autumn, and is intermittent in some years. The section of the river
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B49FFC9FB5991DEBC63CED3" box="[1184,1305,943,967]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
where the population has been sampled has localized sulfide upwellings.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B49FFC8FF309189B8EFCE00" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B49FFC9FF309189B9B6C824" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FF309189B84CC904" bold="true" box="[201,310,1016,1040]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
. The size of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FE3C9189BBABC904" box="[453,721,1016,1040]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FE3C9189BBABC904" box="[453,721,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FD219189BA6DC904" bold="true" box="[728,791,1016,1040]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B49FFC9FD219189BA6DC904" box="[728,791,1016,1040]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
relative to other Nearctic
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FBC39189BDAAC904" box="[1082,1232,1016,1040]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FBC39189BDAAC904" box="[1082,1232,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
is one of the most striking characteristics of this species. Two other very large
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FCC4966DBAA8C920" box="[829,978,1052,1076]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FCC4966DBAA8C920" box="[829,978,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
species,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FBC3966CBCE6C920" authority="Semernoy, 2004" authorityName="Semernoy" authorityYear="2004" box="[1082,1436,1052,1076]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="intermedius">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FBC3966CBDA4C920" box="[1082,1246,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. intermedius</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Semernoy, 2004
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FF3F9630BB30C943" authority="Michaelsen, 1905" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1905" box="[198,586,1087,1112]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="multispinus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FF3F9630B81DC94C" box="[198,359,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. multispinus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Michaelsen, 1905)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, have been reported from Lake Baikal, although both of them are devoid of hair chaetae. The former has been reported as
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B49FFC9FD619615BB9DC968" box="[664,743,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long by
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B49FFC9FCBE9615BAE7C968" box="[839,925,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
wide (Semernoy 2004) and the latter up to
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B49FFC9FA799615B9B9C9B4" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="57.0">57 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long by 4.0 mm wide (Chekanovskaya 1962). The extremely large dimensions (
|
|||
|
|
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B49FFC9FBAB96F9BDACC9B4" box="[1106,1238,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="115.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="80.0">80-150 mm</quantity>
|
|||
|
|
long) reported in the description of
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FE9B96DCBB22C9D0" authority="Chen, 1940" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="1940" box="[354,600,1196,1220]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FE9B96DCB8B5C9D0" box="[354,463,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. sinicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Chen, 1940
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
(and repeated in the literature, e.g. Ohtaka 1995) are surely an error in the original description, as Chen (1940) also stated that the species is similar in size to other tubificids, the number of segments (42–56) is quite modest, and and hair chaetae are stated to be about the diameter of the body (240–250 μm).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B49FFC9FF30974DBA2DCB5B" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
All examined individuals are from the
|
|||
|
|
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B49FFC9FD73974CBBC0C841" box="[650,698,1341,1365]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
|
|||
|
|
locality in
|
|||
|
|
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B49FFC9FCB8974DBAC0C840" box="[833,954,1340,1364]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
|
|||
|
|
Creek. Collections were made on several dates between
|
|||
|
|
<date id="E95847CB4B49FFC9FEC2972EB899C863" box="[315,483,1375,1399]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="2007" valueMax="2011">2007 and 2011</date>
|
|||
|
|
. Although sampling was done at other times during the year,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FB699711BCE6C86C" box="[1168,1436,1376,1400]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FB699711BCE6C86C" box="[1168,1436,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FF6E97F5B9A0C888" bold="true" box="[151,218,1412,1436]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B49FFC9FF6E97F5B9A0C888" box="[151,218,1412,1436]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
has only been collected from the period of January to June. The reproductive organs appear completely developed in only
|
|||
|
|
<specimenCount id="8BE0AA824B49FFC9FE9097D6B889C8AB" box="[361,499,1447,1471]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
|||
|
|
of the available material. These individuals had mature eggs with yolk granules in the egg sac, but all of them lacked sperm in the spermathecal ampulla and in the sperm funnel, suggesting that this population fails to reproduce sexually and is parthenogenetic. According to Edwards and Bohlen (1996), the association between parthenogenesis and high polyploidy in earthworms is an advantageous condition that provides resistance to environmental stress (Cosin
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FD299448BA72CB44" box="[720,776,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
2011).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B49FFC9FF30942DBD85CA3C" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
The structure of the male duct is very similar to that described below for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FC0F942CBDE0CB60" box="[1014,1178,1628,1652]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longichaeta" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FC0F942CBDE0CB60" box="[1014,1178,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. longichaeta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FB59942DBDA5CB60" bold="true" box="[1184,1247,1628,1652]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B49FFC9FB59942DBDA5CB60" box="[1184,1247,1628,1652]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
found at another site on the same stream. However,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FDD094F0BBC0CB8C" box="[553,698,1664,1688]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FDD094F0BBC0CB8C" box="[553,698,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. alcyoneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FD3A94F1BA7FCB8C" bold="true" box="[707,773,1664,1688]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B49FFC9FD3A94F1BA7FCB8C" box="[707,773,1664,1688]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
never develops the characteristic long hairs in segment II that are diagnostic for
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FE6594D4BB38CBA8" box="[412,578,1700,1724]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longichaeta">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FE6594D4BB38CBA8" box="[412,578,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. longichaeta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Other characters that consistently distinguish
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FBA794D4BD95CBA8" box="[1118,1263,1700,1724]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FBA794D4BD95CBA8" box="[1118,1263,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. alcyoneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FB0094D5BC41CBA8" bold="true" box="[1273,1339,1700,1724]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B49FFC9FB0094D5BC41CBA8" box="[1273,1339,1700,1724]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FA7D94D4B866CBF4" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longichaeta">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FA7D94D4B866CBF4" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. longichaeta</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
are the lack of hair chaetae in postclitellar segments, the posterior dorsal chaetae resembling the ventral chaetae, the distinct spermathecal vestibule, the larger number (more than 5) of penial chaetae, the large chaetal tubercles in IX and X, and the pharyngeal glands not extending posterior to segment IV or V.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B49FFC8FF309544B839CC93" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,151,788]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
Two Siberian species,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FE329545BA14CA58" authority="Semernoy, 2004" authorityName="Semernoy" authorityYear="2004" box="[459,878,1844,1868]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="brevis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FE329545BBD7CA58" box="[459,685,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rhyacodrilus brevis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Semernoy, 2004
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FC509544BD94CA58" authority="Semernoy, 1971" authorityName="Semernoy" authorityYear="1971" box="[937,1262,1844,1868]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FC509544BD50CA58" box="[937,1066,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. sibiricus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Semernoy, 1971
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, also have hair chaetae restricted to anterior segments, although atria of these species are more or less globular instead of tubular. Based on the presence of hair chaetae in dorsal bundles, modified penial and spermathecal chaetae and a tubular atrium,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FF1795D0B806CAAC" box="[238,380,1952,1976]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FF1795D0B806CAAC" box="[238,380,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. alcyoneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FE7A95D1B8B8CAAC" bold="true" box="[387,450,1952,1976]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B49FFC9FE7A95D1B8B8CAAC" box="[387,450,1952,1976]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
is closer to
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B49FFC9FDB095D0BAF1CAAC" authority="Sokolskaya, 1976" authorityName="Sokolskaya" authorityYear="1976" box="[585,907,1952,1976]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="svetlovi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B49FFC9FDB095D0BBC4CAAC" box="[585,702,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. svetlovi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Sokolskaya, 1976
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from the Chukchi Peninsula (East Siberia), but the vas deferens in that species is shorter than the atrium, and joins it apically instead of subapically. Compared with other
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FEEE92E9B8D6CDA4" box="[279,428,152,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FEEE92E9B8D6CDA4" box="[279,428,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
species having modified penial chaetae and tubular atria but unmodified spermathecal chaetae,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FF0292CCB8F1CDC0" box="[251,395,188,212]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FF0292CCB8F1CDC0" box="[251,395,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. alcyoneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FE6D92CDB8ACCDC0" bold="true" box="[404,470,188,212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B48FFC8FE6D92CDB8ACCDC0" box="[404,470,188,212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
is well-distinguished by several features. The subapical junction of the vas deferens with the atrium distinguishes
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FE1B9290BB0ACDEC" box="[482,624,224,248]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FE1B9290BB0ACDEC" box="[482,624,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. alcyoneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
from
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FD4C9290BA87CDE3" authority="Semernoy, 2004" authorityName="Semernoy" authorityYear="2004" box="[693,1021,223,248]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="korjakovi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FD4C9290BA44CDEC" box="[693,830,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. korjakovi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Semernoy, 2004
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FBF19290BC37CDE3" authority="Semernoy, 2004" authorityName="Semernoy" authorityYear="2004" box="[1032,1357,223,248]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vasalatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FBF19290BDEBCDEC" box="[1032,1169,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. vasalatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Semernoy, 2004
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FA7D9290B8D1CC08" authority="Timm, 1990" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1990" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="suputensis">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FA7D9290B876CC08" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. suputensis</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Timm, 1990
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, where the vas deferens joins the atrium apically. It is also well-separated from the Baikalian species
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FE9C9358B88ACC54" box="[357,496,296,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="korjakovi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FE9C9358B88ACC54" box="[357,496,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. korjakovi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FDD39358BBCFCC54" box="[554,693,296,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vasalatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FDD39358BBCFCC54" box="[554,693,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. vasalatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
by the absence of a clearly separated atrial duct. It is also worth mentioning that
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FEB4933CB8AFCC70" box="[333,469,332,356]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="korjakovi">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FEB4933CB8AFCC70" box="[333,469,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. korjakovi</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
loses the hair chaetae when it matures (while keeping the pectinates), and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FAED933CBCE6CC70" box="[1300,1436,332,356]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vasalatus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FAED933CBCE6CC70" box="[1300,1436,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. vasalatus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
only has bifids.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B48FFC8FF3093E5BDFECCE0" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,788]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
Among
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FED393E5B8BACCB8" box="[298,448,404,428]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FED393E5B8BACCB8" box="[298,448,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
species, the modified spemathecal chaetae are usually very different from somatic ventral chaetae (i.e. long or grooved distal teeth, like in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FCFD93C8BAFDCCC4" box="[772,903,440,464]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saelonae" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FCFD93C8BAFDCCC4" box="[772,903,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. saelonae</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FC7493C9BAB6CCC4" bold="true" box="[909,972,440,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B48FFC8FC7493C9BAB6CCC4" box="[909,972,440,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
or
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FC0993C8BC7CCCDB" authority="Kosel, 1980" authorityName="Kosel" authorityYear="1980" box="[1008,1286,439,464]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carsticus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FC0993C8BD0ECCC4" box="[1008,1140,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. carsticus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Košel, 1980
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
); however, in
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FF6E93ACB85CCCE0" box="[151,294,476,500]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus" status="sp. nov.">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FF6E93ACB85CCCE0" box="[151,294,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. alcyoneus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FED493ADB816CCE0" bold="true" box="[301,364,476,500]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B48FFC8FED493ADB816CCE0" box="[301,364,476,500]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|||
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
they are larger with longer distal teeth, but not very different in shape.
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B48FFC8FF30938EB8EFCE00" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,788]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
|||
|
|
The presence of dorsal pores in this species is an interesting feature, since after Caramelo and Martínez- Ansemil (2012) the only microdriles (apart from enchytraeids) known to have dorsal pores belong to the subfamily
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FF6E9036B83DCF4B" box="[151,327,583,607]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhyacodrilinae">Rhyacodrilinae</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
:
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FEA19039BAFFCF4B" authority="Benham, 1909" authorityName="Benham" authorityYear="1909" box="[344,901,583,608]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Monopylephorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aucklandicus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FEA19039BBC3CF74" box="[344,697,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Monopylephorus aucklandicus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
(Benham, 1909)
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FC639039BCEFCF4B" authority="Stolc, 1886" authorityName="Stolc" authorityYear="1886" box="[922,1429,583,608]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Bothrioneurum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vejdovskyanum">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FC639039BD85CF74" box="[922,1279,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
Štolc, 1886
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
,
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FF6E901DB8E7CF90" box="[151,413,620,644]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Peristodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montanus">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FF6E901DB8E7CF90" box="[151,413,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Peristodrilus montanus</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
, and
|
|||
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FE22901DBA7BCF90" box="[475,769,620,644]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Protuberodrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tourenqui">
|
|||
|
|
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FE22901DBA7BCF90" box="[475,769,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Protuberodrilus tourenqui</emphasis>
|
|||
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|||
|
|
. Stephenson (1930) described their function in earthworms as related to the protection against desiccation, keeping the body wall moist for gas exchange, and providing protection against bacteria and parasites. The first pore is in the secondary annulation, at the front of segment III, while those reported in other rhyacodrilines were located in the intersegments 3/4 or 5/6 (Caramelo & Martínez- Ansemil 2012:
|
|||
|
|
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B48FFC8FEBD908DB8FDCE00" box="[324,391,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[162,1414,202,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhyacodrilus quileuticus sp. n. A. Anterior part of the body. B. Reproductive organs. C. Spermathecal chaetae. D. Penial chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283792/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
|||
|
|
).
|
|||
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|||
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|||
|
|
</treatment>
|
|||
|
|
</document>
|