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<document id="265D01F5939C70D6D2F642E611EFCCFD" ID-CLB-Dataset="9575" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4272324" ID-GBIF-Dataset="28715dfb-d0e9-4da8-a9a7-6ee9d6ecd150" ID-ISSN="0374-1036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272324" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1605298369637" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Minoshima, Yûsuke &amp; Hayashi, Masakazu" docDate="2011" docId="039A87CBFFAF494EFEEBFBB4FD69EF33" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.51.suppl.1-118.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) 51" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CE2601992B79F4B08764287CD82450D1.3:ActaEntMusNatPra.2010-2016.monograph" docStyleId="CE2601992B79F4B08764287CD82450D1" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2010-2016.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="FFA3FFB3FF83497DFF93FFADFFB2E938" masterDocTitle="Larval morphology of the Japanese species of the tribes Acidocerini, Hydrobiusini and Hydrophilini (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698847171808" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="93C46C65F02EAA84E3EDBE9C37B47685" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C5805F80B59B976B8C5DD13DA3DA32F2">
<mods:title id="DC32E8E0D823C7991ED813ED691CBCF4">Larval morphology of the Japanese species of the tribes Acidocerini, Hydrobiusini and Hydrophilini (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A381EB366312B850CCF6C7CB793BCE84" type="personal">
<mods:role id="ACEE923F09F2E8B8CF74BED907DDF46A">
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<mods:namePart id="BD88C30A34B8877B3E935704C1D95339">Minoshima, Yûsuke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F8B04C96D5F0E1AAADE6C811F7F67627">Hayashi, Masakazu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D8D51603088D7263E62BEA3B09BFF17C">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="DC744EEC090351559635C182A570C489">
<mods:date id="3EDAF7CB2583124C8398399ED99CC55A">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="717AF624F18BA92A226D39375FB3D92F" type="series">
<mods:title id="99152B0F771942C5095B3850C1FE2BEC">suppl.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="44AFBD3BB7E333946ECB9CE8D1CE747B">2011-06-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="CEF4F28FA80FC98907414ACA4E51E50F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="288A86F5F5FC0BE19CB45B25EBBC4953">51</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="BB55D1B464966ACFE06638FCEAF84DE6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="93F9D2A5B60585F92774EB4D452748A3" type="CLB-Dataset">9575</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C6A4CA7CE64902E5BF1B46D65EA7837C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4272324</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A8A4E64B235C85BF443D5DE53A62C266" type="ISSN">0374-1036</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039A87CBFFAF494EFEEBFBB4FD69EF33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4334974" ID-GBIF-Taxon="169092567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4334974" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A87CBFFAF494EFEEBFBB4FD69EF33" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A87CBFFAF494EFEEBFBB4FD69EF33" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">
<subSubSection id="C3296556FFAF4951FEEBFBB4FC34ED09" box="[376,902,1049,1074]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAF4951FEEBFBB4FC34ED09" blockId="44.[376,902,1049,1099]" box="[376,902,1049,1074]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0C481B1FFAF4951FEEBFBB4FC34ED09" bold="true" box="[376,902,1049,1074]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFAF4951FEEBFBB4FC34ED09" ID-CoL="39WD7" authority="(Sharp, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[376,902,1049,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus" subGenus="Methydrus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAF4951FEEBFBB4FC34ED09" bold="true" box="[376,902,1049,1074]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAF4951FEEBFBB4FE56ED0A" bold="true" box="[376,484,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Enochrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAF4951FE67FBB4FDD9ED0A" bold="true" box="[500,619,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Methydrus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAF4951FDE9FBB7FD57ED0A" bold="true" box="[634,741,1050,1074]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">japonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFAF4951FD60FBB4FCCCED09" author="SHARP D." box="[755,894,1049,1073]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" pagination="45 - 67" refId="ref49617" refString="SHARP D. 1873: The water beetles of Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1873: 45 - 67." type="journal article" year="1873">Sharp, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3296556FFAF4951FE58FB95FC80ED73" box="[459,818,1080,1099]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAF4951FE58FB95FC80ED73" blockId="44.[376,902,1049,1099]" box="[459,818,1080,1099]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAF4951FE41FB95FDAFED73" box="[466,541,1080,1099]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[113,144,1520,1539]" captionTargetBox="[179,1045,245,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[113,1085,219,1493]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 1. Habitus of the third instar larvae of Acidocerini and Hydrobiusini. A – Agraphydrus narusei (Satô, 1960), dorsal and lateral view; B – Enochrus (Holcophilydrus) simulans (Sharp, 1873), dorsal view; C – E. (H.) umbratus Sharp, 1884, dorsal view; D – E. (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), dorsal view; E – Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), dorsal view; F – H.(Hydrobaticus) nipponicus Hebauer, 1995, dorsal view; G – Hydrobius pauper Sharp, 1884, dorsal and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272326/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAF4951FDB4FB95FD81ED73" box="[551,563,1080,1099]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[113,144,1112,1131]" captionTargetBox="[126,1042,228,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-11@15.[113,1084,189,1089]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 3. Larva of Enochrus japonicus (Sharp, 1873) with basic morphological terms. A – dorsal view; B – lateral view; C – ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272330/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAF4951FDAFFB95FDFAED73" box="[572,584,1080,1099]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[113,144,1121,1140]" captionTargetBox="[332,879,222,1082]" captionTargetId="figure-11@17.[316,886,206,1094]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiracular atrium of Enochrus japonicus (Sharp, 1873). A – dorsolateral view; B – lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272334/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAF4951FDC2FB95FD3BED73" box="[593,649,1080,1099]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStartId-0="45.[113,144,1289,1308]" captionStartId-1="46.[151,182,1342,1361]" captionStartId-2="48.[151,182,1516,1535]" captionStartId-3="49.[113,144,877,896]" captionStartId-4="50.[151,182,1489,1508]" captionStartId-5="51.[113,144,805,824]" captionTargetBox-0="[143,1060,227,1264]" captionTargetBox-1="[175,1114,219,1306]" captionTargetBox-2="[219,1037,219,1460]" captionTargetBox-3="[149,1037,229,838]" captionTargetBox-4="[179,1106,227,1477]" captionTargetBox-5="[117,1055,208,779]" captionTargetId-0="figure-86@45.[113,1084,217,1276]" captionTargetId-1="figure-66@46.[151,1122,216,1328]" captionTargetId-2="figure-10@48.[151,1103,204,1473]" captionTargetId-3="figure-224@49.[113,1084,218,851]" captionTargetId-4="figure-10@50.[151,1122,219,1494]" captionTargetId-5="figure-239@51.[113,1084,195,794]" captionTargetPageId-0="45" captionTargetPageId-1="46" captionTargetPageId-2="48" captionTargetPageId-3="49" captionTargetPageId-4="50" captionTargetPageId-5="51" captionText-0="Fig. 22. Head capsule of Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), first instar. A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – detail of anterior margin of head capsule, dorsal view." captionText-1="Fig. 23. Head appendages of Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), first instar.A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view." captionText-2="Fig. 24. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), second instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." captionText-3="Fig. 25. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), third instar. A – head, dorsal view; B – spiracular atrium, dorsal view." captionText-4="Fig. 26. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), third instar. A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." captionText-5="Fig. 27. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), chaetotaxy of head capsule, dorsal view. A–C – second instar larva: A – median part of head capsule; B–C – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla between PA6 and PA7. D–F – third instar larva. D – median part of head capsule; E–F – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla between PA6 and PA7. Secondary sensilla are marked by a black rhombus." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272369" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272371" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272375" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272377" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272379" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272381" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4272369/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4272371/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4272375/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4272377/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4272379/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4272381/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">22–27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAF4951FD02FB95FD14ED73" box="[657,678,1080,1099]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="52.[660,692,1314,1333]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-10@52.[151,1127,219,1516]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Fig. 28. Prolegs of Enochrus Thomson, 1859 speci- es, ventral view. A–C – Enochrus (Holcophilydrus) simulans (Sharp, 1873): A – first instar; B – second instar; C – third instar. D – Enochrus (Holcophilydrus) umbratus Sharp, 1884, third instar. E–G – Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873): E – first instar; F – second instar; G – third instar.Photographs were taken with compound light microscope." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272383/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">28</figureCitation>
E–G, 65A, 66B)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3296556FFAF494EFF04FBCCFE34EC67" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAF4951FF04FBCCFEFFEDFD" blockId="44.[151,1127,1121,1221]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAF4951FF04FBCCFEF8ED4D" bold="true" box="[151,330,1121,1141]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C80FFAF4951FEC3FBCCFE87EDB7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981890333" collectingDate="2007-07-18" collectionCode="SEHU" collectorName="H. Yoshitomi" country="Japan" location="Rumoi-shi" municipality="Toge-shita" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hokkaido">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAF4951FEC3FBCCFDB1ED4D" bold="true" box="[336,515,1121,1141]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFAF4951FEC3FBCCFE2AED4D" box="[336,408,1121,1141]" name="Japan" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F7F83FFFAF4951FE32FBCFFE4EED4C" box="[417,508,1122,1141]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">HOKKAIDÔ</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
1 L1, 1 L2, 3 L3 (
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAF4951FD36FBCFFD52ED4D" box="[677,736,1122,1141]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">SEHU</collectionCode>
, EUMJ),
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE8ACA7FFAF4951FCA7FBCFFC23ED4D" box="[820,913,1122,1141]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Tôge-shita</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EEC6006FFAF4951FC09FBCFFC44ED4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A87CBFFAF494EFEEBFBB4FD69EF33:8EEC6006FFAF4951FC09FBCFFC44ED4D" box="[922,1014,1122,1141]" country="Japan" municipality="Toge-shita" name="Rumoi-shi" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Rumoi-shi</location>
,
<date id="FF8D101DFFAF4951FB93FBCFFBD1ED4D" box="[1024,1123,1122,1141]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" value="2007-07-18">
<collectingDate id="EFC9E9F5FFAF4951FB93FBCFFBD1ED4D" box="[1024,1123,1122,1141]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" value="2007-07-18">18.vii.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26C6530BFFAF4951FF04FBD0FEB9EDB7" box="[151,267,1148,1168]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">H. Yoshitomi</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C80FFAF4951FEACFBD0FD62EDA8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981890323" box="[319,720,1148,1168]" collectingDate="2009-07-07" collectingDateMax="2009-07-10" collectingDateMin="2009-07-07" country="Japan" location="Rumoi" municipality="Toge-shita" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hokkaido">
4 L2,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE8ACA7FFAF4951FEE6FBD1FE60EDB7" box="[373,466,1148,1167]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Tôge-shita</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EEC6006FFAF4951FE4EFBD1FDABEDB7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A87CBFFAF494EFEEBFBB4FD69EF33:8EEC6006FFAF4951FE4EFBD1FDABEDB7" box="[477,537,1148,1167]" country="Japan" municipality="Toge-shita" name="Rumoi" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Rumoi</location>
,
<date id="FF8D101DFFAF4951FDB7FBD1FD13EDB7" box="[548,673,1148,1167]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" value="2009-07-07" valueMax="2009-07-10" valueMin="2009-07-07">
<collectingDate id="EFC9E9F5FFAF4951FDB7FBD1FD13EDB7" box="[548,673,1148,1167]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" value="2009-07-07" valueMax="2009-07-10" valueMin="2009-07-07">7.–10.vii.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, YM
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5B3C80FFAF4951FD48FBD0FEFFEDFD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2981890327" collectingDate="2009-07-02" collectorName="M. Ohara" country="Japan" elevation="360" latitude="43.141834" location="Otaru-shi" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="140.93666" municipality="Katsunai-gawa river" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hokkaido">
2 L1, 9 L2, 7 L3, 3.5km
<locationDeviation id="9A3E2FFFFFAF4951FC2FFBD0FF59ED92" location="Okusawasuigenchi" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">WSW of Okusawasuigenchi</locationDeviation>
, pond near upstream of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE8ACA7FFAF4951FE29FB3AFDDBED92" box="[442,617,1175,1194]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Katsunai-gawa river</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EEC6006FFAF4951FDE1FB3AFD77ED92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A87CBFFAF494EFEEBFBB4FD69EF33:8EEC6006FFAF4951FDE1FB3AFD77ED92" box="[626,709,1175,1194]" country="Japan" latitude="43.141834" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="140.93666" municipality="Katsunai-gawa river" name="Otaru-shi" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Otaru-shi</location>
, alt.
<quantity id="4CCB9B38FFAF4951FD7EFB3AFC94ED93" box="[749,806,1175,1195]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="360.0">
<elevation id="001ED1EEFFAF4951FD7EFB3AFC94ED93" box="[749,806,1175,1195]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="360.0">360 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE07501AFFAF4951FCBCFB3AFC21ED92" box="[815,915,1175,1194]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="08.51" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" precision="9" value="43.141834">N43°08.51´</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE07501AFFAF4951FC00FB3AFBB3ED92" box="[915,1025,1175,1194]" degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="56.20" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" precision="9" value="140.93666">E140°56.20´</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF8D101DFFAF4951FB98FB3AFBD6ED92" box="[1035,1124,1175,1194]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" value="2009-07-02">
<collectingDate id="EFC9E9F5FFAF4951FB98FB3AFBD6ED92" box="[1035,1124,1175,1194]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41" value="2009-07-02">2.vii.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
, YM &amp;
<collectorName id="26C6530BFFAF4951FF46FB1FFE94EDFD" box="[213,294,1201,1221]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">M. Ôhara</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAF4951FF04FB70FE8DEC0D" blockId="44.[151,1127,1244,1621]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAF4951FF04FB70FDA6EDCD" bold="true" box="[151,532,1244,1269]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">
General morphology.
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAF4951FE1FFB71FDBFEDCD" bold="true" box="[396,525,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Third instar</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAF4951FD8AFB73FDD6EDCD" box="[537,612,1246,1269]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Colour</emphasis>
. Head and sclerotised parts dark brown to brown; membranous parts greyish white; abdominal segments with transverse rows of small blackish spots (
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAF4951FF4EFAB0FE83EC0D" box="[221,305,1309,1333]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[113,144,1520,1539]" captionTargetBox="[179,1045,245,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[113,1085,219,1493]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 1. Habitus of the third instar larvae of Acidocerini and Hydrobiusini. A – Agraphydrus narusei (Satô, 1960), dorsal and lateral view; B – Enochrus (Holcophilydrus) simulans (Sharp, 1873), dorsal view; C – E. (H.) umbratus Sharp, 1884, dorsal view; D – E. (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), dorsal view; E – Helochares (Helochares) pallens (MacLeay, 1825), dorsal view; F – H.(Hydrobaticus) nipponicus Hebauer, 1995, dorsal view; G – Hydrobius pauper Sharp, 1884, dorsal and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272326/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAF4951FF26FA93FBF4ECAD" blockId="44.[151,1127,1244,1621]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAF4951FF26FA93FF5DEC6D" box="[181,239,1342,1365]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAF4951FF6CFA90FEDEEC6D" box="[255,364,1341,1365]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[113,144,877,896]" captionTargetBox="[149,1037,229,838]" captionTargetId="figure-224@49.[113,1084,218,851]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 25. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), third instar. A – head, dorsal view; B – spiracular atrium, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272377/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Figs. 25A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAF4951FEEBFA90FE18EC6D" box="[376,426,1341,1365]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[151,182,1489,1508]" captionTargetBox="[179,1106,227,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-10@50.[151,1122,219,1494]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 26. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), third instar. A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272379/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">26A</figureCitation>
). Frontal lines slightly lyriform. Nasale serrate with one tooth on each side. Right epistomal lobe projecting further than nasale; left lobe weakly projecting, not reaching further than nasale; lateral sides of anterior margin of epistome emarginate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAF4951FF26FA33FD42ECED" blockId="44.[151,1127,1244,1621]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAF4951FF26FA33FEBCEC8D" box="[181,270,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAF4951FEB3FA30FE30EC8D" box="[288,386,1437,1461]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[151,182,1489,1508]" captionTargetBox="[179,1106,227,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-10@50.[151,1122,219,1494]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 26. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), third instar. A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272379/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
) short, rather slender. Scape as long as pedicel. Pedicel with inner membranous area surrounded by sclerite on apical third.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAF4951FF26FA73FF54EF6D" blockId="44.[151,1127,1244,1621]" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAF4951FF26FA73FE94ECCD" box="[181,294,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Mandibles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAF4951FEA5FA70FE3CECCD" box="[310,398,1501,1525]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[151,182,1489,1508]" captionTargetBox="[179,1106,227,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-10@50.[151,1122,219,1494]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 26. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), third instar. A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272379/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="41">Figs. 26</figureCitation>
C–D) asymmetrical; right mandible with two inner teeth, distal one slightly larger than basal one, inner faces of distal tooth and apex of right mandible serrate; left mandible with one large slightly serrate inner tooth; inner face of apex of left mandible serrate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C6655FFAE4950FFE2FAA4FD24EC0F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272369" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272369/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="38" startId="45.[113,144,1289,1308]" targetBox="[143,1060,227,1264]" targetPageId="45">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAE4950FFE2FAA4FD24EC0F" blockId="45.[113,1088,1289,1335]" pageId="45" pageNumber="38">
Fig. 22. Head capsule of
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFAE4950FED8FAA7FD50EC24" authority="(Sharp, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[331,738,1289,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus" subGenus="Methydrus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAE4950FED8FAA7FE2FEC24" box="[331,413,1290,1308]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="38">Enochrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAE4950FE39FAA7FDB7EC24" box="[426,517,1290,1308]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="38">Methydrus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAE4950FD81FAA7FDD7EC24" box="[530,613,1290,1308]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="38">japonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFAE4950FDE2FAA4FD6EEC24" author="SHARP D." box="[625,732,1289,1308]" pageId="45" pageNumber="38" pagination="45 - 67" refId="ref49617" refString="SHARP D. 1873: The water beetles of Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1873: 45 - 67." type="journal article" year="1873">Sharp, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, first instar. A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – detail of anterior margin of head capsule, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAE4950FF03FAD3FBA8EC8C" blockId="45.[113,1089,1404,1589]" pageId="45" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAE4950FF03FAD3FF51ECAD" box="[144,227,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="38">Maxilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAE4950FF62FAD1FEF8ECAC" box="[241,330,1404,1428]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[151,182,1489,1508]" captionTargetBox="[179,1106,227,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-10@50.[151,1122,219,1494]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 26. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), third instar. A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272379/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="38">Figs. 26</figureCitation>
E–F): Maxillary palpomere 1 about as long as palpomeres 3 and 4, palpomere 2 the shortest; palpomere 2 as wide as palpomere 3; palpomere 4 the narrowest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAE4950FF03FA13FE6CEF0D" blockId="45.[113,1089,1404,1589]" pageId="45" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAE4950FF03FA13FF53ECED" box="[144,225,1470,1493]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="38">Labium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAE4950FF7CFA11FEF4ECEC" box="[239,326,1468,1492]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[151,182,1489,1508]" captionTargetBox="[179,1106,227,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-10@50.[151,1122,219,1494]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 26. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), third instar. A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272379/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="38">Figs. 26</figureCitation>
G–H): Mentum subquadrate, with small cuticular spines dorsally. Ligula about as long as labial palpomere 1. Labial palpi shorter than mentum, covered with narrow cuticular spines on intersegmental membrane between palpomeres 1 and 2, and on dorsal surface of sclerite of palpomere 2.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C6655FFAD4953FF04FA93FEEEECBE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272371" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272371/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="43" startId="46.[151,182,1342,1361]" targetBox="[175,1114,219,1306]" targetPageId="46">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAD4953FF04FA93FEEEECBE" blockId="46.[151,1129,1342,1415]" pageId="46" pageNumber="43">
Fig. 23. Head appendages of
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFAD4953FE02FA92FC95EC69" authority="(Sharp, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[401,807,1342,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus" subGenus="Methydrus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAD4953FE02FA92FE51EC69" box="[401,483,1343,1361]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="43">Enochrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAD4953FE7CFA92FDF8EC69" box="[495,586,1343,1361]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="43">Methydrus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAD4953FDC4FA92FD18EC69" box="[599,682,1343,1361]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="43">japonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFAD4953FD25FA93FC92EC69" author="SHARP D." box="[694,800,1342,1361]" pageId="46" pageNumber="43" pagination="45 - 67" refId="ref49617" refString="SHARP D. 1873: The water beetles of Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1873: 45 - 67." type="journal article" year="1873">Sharp, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, first instar.A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAD4953FF26FA12FBF3EF0E" blockId="46.[151,1127,1470,1590]" pageId="46" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAD4953FF26FA12FEA8ECEE" box="[181,282,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="43">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAD4953FEBBFA13FEDBECEE" box="[296,361,1470,1494]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[113,144,1112,1131]" captionTargetBox="[126,1042,228,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-11@15.[113,1084,189,1089]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 3. Larva of Enochrus japonicus (Sharp, 1873) with basic morphological terms. A – dorsal view; B – lateral view; C – ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272330/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Abdominal segments with very small transverse setiferous projections on membranous parts. Segments 2 to 7 similar to segment 1 but anteromedian part with one small, oval dorsal sclerite on each side; lateral sclerites narrow, very small; segments 3 to 7 with spinose prolegs, spines of prolegs narrow, weakly curved towards apex (
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAD4953FC42F9B3FB87EF0E" box="[977,1077,1566,1590]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="52.[660,692,1314,1333]" captionTargetBox="[151,1128,219,1519]" captionTargetId="figure-10@52.[151,1127,219,1516]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Fig. 28. Prolegs of Enochrus Thomson, 1859 speci- es, ventral view. A–C – Enochrus (Holcophilydrus) simulans (Sharp, 1873): A – first instar; B – second instar; C – third instar. D – Enochrus (Holcophilydrus) umbratus Sharp, 1884, third instar. E–G – Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873): E – first instar; F – second instar; G – third instar.Photographs were taken with compound light microscope." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272383/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="43">Fig. 28G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC4952FF03FF70FD11E80B" blockId="47.[113,1089,219,660]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FF03FF70FEFDE9CC" box="[144,335,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Spiracular atrium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAC4952FECEFF71FE1AE9CB" box="[349,424,219,244]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[113,144,1121,1140]" captionTargetBox="[332,879,222,1082]" captionTargetId="figure-11@17.[316,886,206,1094]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiracular atrium of Enochrus japonicus (Sharp, 1873). A – dorsolateral view; B – lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272334/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAC4952FE20FF76FE56E9CB" box="[435,484,219,243]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[113,144,877,896]" captionTargetBox="[149,1037,229,838]" captionTargetId="figure-224@49.[113,1084,218,851]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 25. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), third instar. A – head, dorsal view; B – spiracular atrium, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272377/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">25B</figureCitation>
): Segment 8 with moderately large, oval dorsal plate; the plate with a small emargination on median part of posterior edge; procercus incompletely sclerotised, with two long and one rather short setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC4952FFE2FE96FC4EE86C" blockId="47.[113,1089,219,660]" box="[113,1020,315,340]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FFE2FE96FEBDE86C" bold="true" box="[113,271,315,340]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FFE2FE96FEBAE86B" bold="true" box="[113,264,315,340]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Second instar</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Similar to third instar larva, more weakly sclerotised than third instar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC4952FF03FEF0FCA6E84C" blockId="47.[113,1089,219,660]" box="[144,788,348,372]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FF03FEF0FF78E84C" box="[144,202,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Head</emphasis>
. Frontal lines more distinctly than those in third instar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC4952FF03FED0FBA5E8AC" blockId="47.[113,1089,219,660]" box="[144,1047,380,404]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FF03FED0FF5BE8AC" box="[144,233,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAC4952FF64FED1FEE4E8AC" box="[247,342,380,404]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="48.[151,182,1516,1535]" captionTargetBox="[219,1037,219,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-10@48.[151,1103,204,1473]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Fig. 24. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), second instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272375/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
) proportionally short, slender. Scape slightly shorter than pedicel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC4952FF03FE30FC52E88C" blockId="47.[113,1089,219,660]" box="[144,992,412,436]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FF03FE30FF51E88C" box="[144,227,413,436]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Maxilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAC4952FF62FE31FEFBE88C" box="[241,329,412,436]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="48.[151,182,1516,1535]" captionTargetBox="[219,1037,219,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-10@48.[151,1103,204,1473]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Fig. 24. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), second instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272375/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Figs. 24</figureCitation>
E–F): Maxillary palpomere 2 slightly wider than palpomere 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC4952FFE2FE16FDC8E8CC" blockId="47.[113,1089,219,660]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FFE2FE16FF42E8EC" bold="true" box="[113,240,443,468]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FFE2FE16FF58E8EB" bold="true" box="[113,234,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">First instar</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Similar to second instar larva, more weakly sclerotised than second instar.
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FC7CFE10FB8BE8EC" box="[1007,1081,445,468]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Colour</emphasis>
. Head and sclerotised parts brown to light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC4952FF03FE50FC43EB2C" blockId="47.[113,1089,219,660]" box="[144,1009,508,532]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FF03FE50FF78EB2C" box="[144,202,509,532]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Head</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FF44FE50FE82EB2C" box="[215,304,509,532]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAC4952FEADFE51FE2DEB2C" box="[318,415,508,532]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="46.[151,182,1342,1361]" captionTargetBox="[175,1114,219,1306]" captionTargetId="figure-66@46.[151,1122,216,1328]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Fig. 23. Head appendages of Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), first instar.A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272371/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
) proportionally short, stouter than that of second instar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC4952FF03FDB0FCFDEB0B" blockId="47.[113,1089,219,660]" box="[144,847,540,564]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FF03FDB0FF53EB0C" box="[144,225,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Labium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAC4952FF63FDB1FEF5EB0C" box="[240,327,540,564]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="46.[151,182,1342,1361]" captionTargetBox="[175,1114,219,1306]" captionTargetId="figure-66@46.[151,1122,216,1328]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Fig. 23. Head appendages of Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), first instar.A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272371/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
F–G): Labial palpi slightly shorter than mentum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC4952FF03FD90FCE0EBAB" blockId="47.[113,1089,219,660]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FF03FD90FF46EB6C" box="[144,244,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Abdomen</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FE93FD90FE0FEB6C" box="[256,445,573,596]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Spiracular atrium</emphasis>
: Segment 8 with moderately large, oval dorsal plate; the plate with a small emargination and two projections on median part of posterior edge, projections with one short seta; posterior edge of the plate with one pair of setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC4952FFE2FD07FDF3EA9B" blockId="47.[113,1089,682,1379]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FFE2FD07FE1EEBFB" bold="true" box="[113,428,682,707]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Primary chaetotaxy of head.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FE22FD01FDBEEBFB" box="[433,524,684,707]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Frontale</emphasis>
altogether with 40 sensilla (
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAC4952FCBDFD06FC04EBFB" box="[814,950,683,707]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="45.[113,144,1289,1308]" captionTargetBox="[143,1060,227,1264]" captionTargetId="figure-86@45.[113,1084,217,1276]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Fig. 22. Head capsule of Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), first instar. A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – detail of anterior margin of head capsule, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272369/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Figs. 22A, C</figureCitation>
). Rather long setae (
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FF26FD67FF6BEBDA" box="[181,217,714,738]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
5–6) behind antennal socket. Anterior margin of epistomal lobes with four sensilla altogether (gFR2); right lobe with one short seta and one pore-like sensillum; left lobe with two short setae. Two setae (
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FE35FCA6FE7BEA1B" box="[422,457,779,803]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
9 and
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FD9CFCA6FD80EA1B" box="[527,562,779,803]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
10) and one pore-like sensillum (
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FC0CFCA6FC71EA1B" box="[927,963,779,803]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
14) situated medioanteriorly to antennal socket;
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FE7CFC86FDA3EA7B" box="[495,529,811,835]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
9 very long;
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FD05FC86FD0AEA7B" box="[662,696,811,835]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
10 short;
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FC89FC86FC8EEA7B" box="[794,828,811,835]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
10 at midlength between
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FFE2FCE6FF20EA5B" box="[113,146,843,867]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
4 and
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FF42FCE6FF47EA5B" box="[209,245,843,867]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
9. Each epistomal lobe with three sensilla; location of setae asymmetrical:
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FB96FCE6FB9AEA5B" box="[1029,1064,843,867]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
13 situated between
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FEB9FCC6FEFFEABB" box="[298,333,875,899]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
11 and
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FE0BFCC6FE0EEABB" box="[408,444,875,899]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
12, laterally of line connecting
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FC96FCC6FC9AEABB" box="[773,808,875,899]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
11 and
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FCE0FCC6FC24EABB" box="[883,918,875,899]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
12 on right side,
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FFE2FC26FF26EA9B" box="[113,148,907,931]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
12 between
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FE80FC26FE84EA9B" box="[275,310,907,931]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
11 and
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FE12FC26FE16EA9B" box="[385,420,907,931]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">FR</collectionCode>
13 on left side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC4952FF03FC01FE3FED1B" blockId="47.[113,1089,682,1379]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FF03FC01FF41EAFB" box="[144,243,940,963]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Parietale</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAC4952FE90FC06FEEEEAFB" box="[259,348,939,963]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="45.[113,144,1289,1308]" captionTargetBox="[143,1060,227,1264]" captionTargetId="figure-86@45.[113,1084,217,1276]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Fig. 22. Head capsule of Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), first instar. A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – detail of anterior margin of head capsule, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272369/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Figs. 22</figureCitation>
A–B):
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FE36FC07FE78EAFA" box="[421,458,938,962]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
1–5 forming longitudinal row;
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FC87FC06FC84EAFB" box="[788,822,939,963]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
3 between
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FC39FC06FC79EAFB" box="[938,971,939,963]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
2 and
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FB9EFC06FB83EAFB" box="[1037,1073,939,963]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
4.
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FFE2FC66FF26EADB" box="[113,148,971,995]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
10 situated slightly laterally of line connecting
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FDE8FC66FD2FEADB" box="[635,669,971,995]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
7 and
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FD4BFC66FD4FEADB" box="[728,765,971,995]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
8.
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FC83FC66FC87EADB" box="[784,821,971,995]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
13,
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FCC5FC66FCC8EADB" box="[854,890,971,995]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
14,
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FC0FFC66FC0DEADB" box="[924,959,971,995]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
16 and
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FB95FC66FB9BEADB" box="[1030,1065,971,995]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
18 long setae.
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FF74FC46FEB8ED3B" box="[231,266,1003,1027]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
11 rather short seta.
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FE4AFC46FE49ED3B" box="[473,507,1003,1027]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
23 more distant from
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FD49FC47FD4EED3A" box="[730,764,1002,1026]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
24–25 than the latter from each other, lying close to
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FED8FBA6FEDCED1B" box="[331,366,1035,1059]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
22.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC4952FF03FB81FF44EDBB" blockId="47.[113,1089,682,1379]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FF03FB81FF58ED7B" box="[144,234,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAC4952FF68FB86FED6ED7B" box="[251,356,1067,1091]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="46.[151,182,1342,1361]" captionTargetBox="[175,1114,219,1306]" captionTargetId="figure-66@46.[151,1122,216,1328]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Fig. 23. Head appendages of Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), first instar.A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272371/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
):
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FEEAFB86FE13ED7B" box="[377,417,1067,1091]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">AN</collectionCode>
2 on distal 0.28 of antennomere 1. Setae
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FCE2FB86FC29ED7B" box="[881,923,1067,1091]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">AN</collectionCode>
10–11 on inner membranous area surrounded by sclerite. Apical sensilla (gAN) with two long trichoid setae, others short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC4952FF03FB21FC71EC3B" blockId="47.[113,1089,682,1379]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FF03FB21FF51ED9B" box="[144,227,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Maxilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAC4952FF60FB26FEFEED9B" box="[243,332,1163,1187]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="46.[151,182,1342,1361]" captionTargetBox="[175,1114,219,1306]" captionTargetId="figure-66@46.[151,1122,216,1328]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Fig. 23. Head appendages of Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), first instar.A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272371/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
D–E):
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFAC4952FE05FB26FE76ED9B" box="[406,452,1163,1187]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">MX</collectingCountry>
8–11 with subapical tooth.
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFAC4952FD7AFB26FCA7ED9B" box="[745,789,1163,1187]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">MX</collectingCountry>
2 located ventrally on basal 0.33 of sclerite;
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFAC4952FE8FFB06FEFBEDFB" box="[284,329,1195,1219]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">MX</collectingCountry>
3 placed on basal 0.44 of inner face.
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFAC4952FD59FB06FD44EDFB" box="[714,758,1195,1219]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">MX</collectingCountry>
<quantity id="4CCB9B38FFAC4952FD65FB06FC98EDFB" box="[758,810,1195,1219]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" pageId="47" pageNumber="40" unit="in" value="23.0">23 in</quantity>
distal part of outer face of sclerite;
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFAC4952FF59FB66FF47EDDB" box="[202,245,1227,1251]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">MX</collectingCountry>
20 placed laterally, close to distal margin of ventral surface of sclerite;
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFAC4952FC40FB66FC4DEDDB" box="[979,1023,1227,1251]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">MX</collectingCountry>
21–22 situated on inner part of sclerite;
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFAC4952FE41FB46FE4DEC3B" box="[466,511,1259,1283]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">MX</collectingCountry>
21 situated apically;
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFAC4952FD49FB46FCB7EC3B" box="[730,773,1259,1283]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">MX</collectingCountry>
22 behind
<collectingCountry id="F324764DFFAC4952FCE5FB46FC17EC3B" box="[886,933,1259,1283]" name="Mexico" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">MX</collectingCountry>
21.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC4952FF03FAA1FD3AEC5B" blockId="47.[113,1089,682,1379]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FF03FAA1FF53EC1B" box="[144,225,1292,1315]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Labium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAC4952FF62FAA6FEF8EC1B" box="[241,330,1291,1315]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="46.[151,182,1342,1361]" captionTargetBox="[175,1114,219,1306]" captionTargetId="figure-66@46.[151,1122,216,1328]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Fig. 23. Head appendages of Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), first instar.A – antenna, dorsal view; B–C – mandibles, dorsal view; D – maxilla, dorsal view; E – maxilla, ventral view; F – labium, dorsal view; G – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272371/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
F–G):
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FE01FAA6FE0AEC1B" box="[402,440,1291,1315]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">LA</collectionCode>
8 situated dorsally at midwidth on borderline of sclerite and membranous area between prementum and palpi. Apical membranous area of palpomere 2 with one long setae and several short setae (gLA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFAC494CFFE2FAD4FCCBED41" blockId="47.[113,1089,1401,1586]" lastBlockId="49.[113,1089,992,1560]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FFE2FAD4FDC8ECAA" bold="true" box="[113,634,1401,1426]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">
Secondary chaetotaxy of head.
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FE49FAD4FDC1ECAA" bold="true" box="[474,627,1401,1426]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Second instar</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFAC4952FD11FAD6FD57ECAA" box="[642,741,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Parietale</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFAC4952FD65FAD7FCFDECAA" box="[758,847,1402,1426]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[113,144,805,824]" captionTargetBox="[117,1055,208,779]" captionTargetId="figure-239@51.[113,1084,195,794]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 27. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), chaetotaxy of head capsule, dorsal view. A–C – second instar larva: A – median part of head capsule; B–C – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla between PA6 and PA7. D–F – third instar larva. D – median part of head capsule; E–F – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla between PA6 and PA7. Secondary sensilla are marked by a black rhombus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272381/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">Figs. 27</figureCitation>
A–C): One very small sensilla close to
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FEB0FA37FEF5EC8A" box="[291,327,1434,1458]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
5, sometimes absent. Three to five rather short secondary setae situated along frontal line, between
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FE33FA17FE73ECEA" box="[416,449,1466,1490]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
6 and
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FD94FA17FD99ECEA" box="[519,555,1466,1490]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
7, mesally of line connecting
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FCFCFA17FC22ECEA" box="[879,912,1466,1490]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
6 and
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FC46FA17FC4BECEA" box="[981,1017,1466,1490]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
7. Two rather short secondary setae situated posteriorly to outer part of antennal socket; one between
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FFE2FA57FF21EF2A" box="[113,147,1530,1554]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
8 and
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FF47FA57FF4AEF2A" box="[212,248,1530,1554]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
9; one situated more medially than
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FDE1FA57FD24EF2A" box="[626,662,1530,1554]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
8, at midlength between frontal line and
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFAC4952FFE2F9B7FF24EF0A" box="[113,150,1562,1586]" pageId="47" pageNumber="40">PA</collectionCode>
8. One pore-like secondary sensillum and one rather short secondary seta close to outer margin of antennal socket, seta situated more medially than pore-like sensillum. One short secondary seta located slightly more posteriorly to
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB2494CFD19FBACFD1CED21" box="[650,686,1025,1049]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">PA</collectionCode>
21, sometimes absent; two rather short secondary setae close to
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB2494CFEEBFB8DFE2FED00" box="[376,413,1056,1080]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">PA</collectionCode>
15, one ventral, the other dorsal; one rather short secondary seta lying slightly medioposteriorly to
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB2494CFE4AFBECFE4CED61" box="[473,510,1089,1113]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">PA</collectionCode>
13; one rather long secondary seta situated anteriorly to
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB2494CFFE2FBCCFF24ED41" box="[113,150,1121,1145]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">PA</collectionCode>
18; two to three rather long secondary setae between
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB2494CFD5AFBCCFD5EED41" box="[713,748,1121,1145]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">PA</collectionCode>
17 and
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB2494CFCA4FBCCFCE9ED41" box="[823,859,1121,1145]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">PA</collectionCode>
30.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C6655FFB3494DFF04FA41FE14EF0D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272375" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272375/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="45" startId="48.[151,182,1516,1535]" targetBox="[219,1037,219,1460]" targetPageId="48">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB3494DFF04FA41FE14EF0D" blockId="48.[151,1129,1516,1589]" pageId="48" pageNumber="45">
Fig. 24.
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFB3494DFF4EFA40FDC2EF38" authority="(Sharp, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[221,624,1516,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus" subGenus="Methydrus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB3494DFF4EFA40FE9DECC7" box="[221,303,1517,1535]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="45">Enochrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB3494DFEA8FA40FE24ECC7" box="[315,406,1517,1535]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="45">Methydrus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB3494DFE31FA40FE47ECC7" box="[418,501,1517,1535]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="45">japonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFB3494DFE6CFA41FDDBEF38" author="SHARP D." box="[511,617,1516,1536]" pageId="48" pageNumber="45" pagination="45 - 67" refId="ref49617" refString="SHARP D. 1873: The water beetles of Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1873: 45 - 67." type="journal article" year="1873">Sharp, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, second instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4C6655FFB2494CFFE2FCC0FF68EAA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272377" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272377/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="42" startId="49.[113,144,877,896]" targetBox="[149,1037,229,838]" targetPageId="49">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB2494CFFE2FCC0FF68EAA3" blockId="49.[113,1089,877,923]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">
Fig. 25.
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFB2494CFF2AFCC3FDE2EAB8" authority="(Sharp, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[185,592,877,896]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus" subGenus="Methydrus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB2494CFF2AFCC3FEB9EAB8" box="[185,267,878,896]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">Enochrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB2494CFE8BFCC3FEC1EAB8" box="[280,371,878,896]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">Methydrus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB2494CFE13FCC3FE61EAB8" box="[384,467,878,896]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">japonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFB2494CFE4DFCC0FDFBEAB8" author="SHARP D." box="[478,585,877,896]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42" pagination="45 - 67" refId="ref49617" refString="SHARP D. 1873: The water beetles of Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1873: 45 - 67." type="journal article" year="1873">Sharp, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, third instar. A – head, dorsal view; B – spiracular atrium, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB2494CFF03FB2FFBF3EDA0" blockId="49.[113,1089,992,1560]" box="[144,1089,1152,1177]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB2494CFF03FB2FFF5BEDA1" box="[144,233,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB2494CFF64FB2DFEE8EDA1" box="[247,346,1152,1177]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="48.[151,182,1516,1535]" captionTargetBox="[219,1037,219,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-10@48.[151,1103,204,1473]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Fig. 24. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), second instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272375/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
): Antennal sensorium (
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB2494CFDC3FB2CFDC6EDA1" box="[592,628,1153,1177]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">SE</collectionCode>
1) proportionally smaller than in first instar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB2494CFF03FB0FFDAEEDE1" blockId="49.[113,1089,992,1560]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB2494CFF03FB0FFF47ED81" box="[144,245,1186,1209]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">Mandible</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB2494CFE91FB0DFEEAED81" box="[258,344,1184,1209]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="48.[151,182,1516,1535]" captionTargetBox="[219,1037,219,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-10@48.[151,1103,204,1473]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Fig. 24. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), second instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272375/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">Figs. 24</figureCitation>
C–D): One pore-like secondary sensillum close to
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB2494CFCF2FB0CFC21ED81" box="[865,915,1185,1209]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">MN</collectionCode>
1; five short setae on basal part of mandible, behind
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB2494CFE4EFB6CFDBDEDE1" box="[477,527,1217,1241]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">MN</collectionCode>
1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB2494CFF03FB4FFD93EC60" blockId="49.[113,1089,992,1560]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB2494CFF03FB4FFF51EDC1" box="[144,227,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">Maxilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB2494CFF62FB4DFEFBEDC1" box="[241,329,1248,1273]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="48.[151,182,1516,1535]" captionTargetBox="[219,1037,219,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-10@48.[151,1103,204,1473]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Fig. 24. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), second instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272375/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">Figs. 24</figureCitation>
E–F): Outer face of stipes with two long secondary setae; one on apical part of sclerite, one on basal third of sclerite; inner face of stipes with four rather short, stout secondary setae, all secondary setae with small subapical tooth; setae on inner face of stipes undistinguishable from primary sensilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB2494CFF03FACFFC69EC80" blockId="49.[113,1089,992,1560]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB2494CFF03FACFFF53EC41" box="[144,225,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">Labium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB2494CFF63FACDFEFAEC41" box="[240,328,1376,1401]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="48.[151,182,1516,1535]" captionTargetBox="[219,1037,219,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-10@48.[151,1103,204,1473]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Fig. 24. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), second instar.A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272375/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">Figs. 24</figureCitation>
G–H): Dorsal surface of mentum with two rather short, stout secondary setae on lateral face; one pair of short, stout setae situated anteromedially, close to distal margin; ventral surface with one pair of short secondary setae on anterior corners.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB2494CFFE2FA12FDFDECE0" blockId="49.[113,1089,992,1560]" box="[113,591,1471,1497]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB2494CFFE2FA12FF4FECE1" bold="true" box="[113,253,1471,1497]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB2494CFFE2FA12FF44ECE0" bold="true" box="[113,246,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">Third instar</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Similar to second instar larvae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB2494CFF03FA4FFF01EF20" blockId="49.[113,1089,992,1560]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB2494CFF03FA4FFF5BECC1" box="[144,233,1506,1529]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB2494CFF68FA4DFED0ECC0" box="[251,354,1504,1528]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[151,182,1489,1508]" captionTargetBox="[179,1106,227,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-10@50.[151,1122,219,1494]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 26. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), third instar. A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272379/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
): Antennal sensorium (
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB2494CFDF0FA4CFD35ECC1" box="[611,647,1505,1529]" pageId="49" pageNumber="42">SE</collectionCode>
1) proportionally smaller than in second instar.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4C6655FFB1494FFF04FA7CFE14EF22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272379" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272379/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="47" startId="50.[151,182,1489,1508]" targetBox="[179,1106,227,1477]" targetPageId="50">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB1494FFF04FA7CFE14EF22" blockId="50.[151,1129,1489,1562]" pageId="50" pageNumber="47">
Fig. 26.
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFB1494FFF4CFA7FFDC5ECDC" authority="(Sharp, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[223,631,1489,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus" subGenus="Methydrus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB1494FFF4CFA7FFE83ECDC" box="[223,305,1490,1508]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="47">Enochrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB1494FFEADFA7FFE2BECDC" box="[318,409,1490,1508]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="47">Methydrus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB1494FFE34FA7FFE48ECDC" box="[423,506,1490,1508]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="47">japonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFB1494FFD96FA7CFDC3ECDC" author="SHARP D." box="[517,625,1489,1508]" pageId="50" pageNumber="47" pagination="45 - 67" refId="ref49617" refString="SHARP D. 1873: The water beetles of Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1873: 45 - 67." type="journal article" year="1873">Sharp, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, third instar. A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4C6655FFB0494EFFE2FC88FD40EAB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272381" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4272381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272381/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="44" startId="51.[113,144,805,824]" targetBox="[117,1055,208,779]" targetPageId="51">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB0494EFFE2FC88FD40EAB0" blockId="51.[113,1089,805,905]" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">
Fig. 27.
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFB0494EFF28FC8BFDE4EA00" authority="(Sharp, 1873)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[187,598,805,824]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus" subGenus="Methydrus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFF28FC8BFEBFEA00" box="[187,269,806,824]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">Enochrus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFE88FC8BFEC4EA00" box="[283,374,806,824]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">Methydrus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFE17FC8BFE65EA00" box="[388,471,806,824]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">japonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFB0494EFE77FC88FDE2EA00" author="SHARP D." box="[484,592,805,824]" pageId="51" pageNumber="44" pagination="45 - 67" refId="ref49617" refString="SHARP D. 1873: The water beetles of Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1873: 45 - 67." type="journal article" year="1873">Sharp, 1873</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, chaetotaxy of head capsule, dorsal view. A–C – second instar larva: A – median part of head capsule; B–C – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla between PA6 and PA7. D–F – third instar larva. D – median part of head capsule; E–F – intraspecific variation of secondary sensilla between PA6 and PA7. Secondary sensilla are marked by a black rhombus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB0494EFF03FC1FFE60EAD1" blockId="51.[113,1089,945,1129]" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFF03FC1FFF44EAF1" box="[144,246,946,969]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">Mandible</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB0494EFE95FC1CFED2EAF1" box="[262,352,945,969]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[151,182,1489,1508]" captionTargetBox="[179,1106,227,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-10@50.[151,1122,219,1494]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 26. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), third instar. A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272379/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">Figs. 26</figureCitation>
C–D): Outer part of basal half of mandibles with six small to rather short setae situated behind
<collectionCode id="ED22AE18FFB0494EFE01FC7CFE76EAD1" box="[402,452,977,1001]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">MN</collectionCode>
1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB0494EFF03FC5FFDD0ED11" blockId="51.[113,1089,945,1129]" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFF03FC5FFF51ED31" box="[144,227,1010,1033]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">Maxilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB0494EFF62FC5CFEFAED31" box="[241,328,1009,1033]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[151,182,1489,1508]" captionTargetBox="[179,1106,227,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-10@50.[151,1122,219,1494]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 26. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), third instar. A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272379/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">Figs. 26</figureCitation>
E–F): Inner face of stipes with seven rather short, stout secondary setae, all secondary setae with small subapical tooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB0494EFF03FB9FFE65ED51" blockId="51.[113,1089,945,1129]" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFF03FB9FFF53ED71" box="[144,225,1074,1097]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">Labium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13082A58FFB0494EFF61FB9CFEFFED71" box="[242,333,1073,1097]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[151,182,1489,1508]" captionTargetBox="[179,1106,227,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-10@50.[151,1122,219,1494]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 26. Enochrus (Methydrus) japonicus (Sharp, 1873), third instar. A – clypeolabrum, dorsal view; B – antenna, dorsal view; C–D – mandibles, dorsal view; E – maxilla, dorsal view; F – maxilla, ventral view; G – labium, dorsal view; H – labium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4272379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4272379/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">Figs. 26</figureCitation>
G–H): Dorsal surface of mentum with four to five rather short, stout secondary setae situated laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB0494EFFE2FBD1FF1AEDED" blockId="51.[113,1089,1148,1237]" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFFE2FBD1FF62EDAC" bold="true" box="[113,208,1148,1172]" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">Habitat.</emphasis>
Standing water. Larvae were found in very shallow water, on the muddy banks of a pond, or in very slowly flowing water. They usually hide below the fallen leaves or in the mud.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB0494EFFE2FB45FE34EC67" blockId="51.[113,1089,1256,1376]" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFFE2FB45FEA2EC38" bold="true" box="[113,272,1256,1280]" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">Identification.</emphasis>
No other closely related species occurs in the collecting sites and the morphology of the above larva moreover corresponds with the morphology of the larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFB0494EFBB9FAA4FF62EC78" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFBB9FAA4FF62EC78" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">E. simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFB0494EFE95FA84FE38EC78" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1884" box="[262,394,1321,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFE95FA84FE38EC78" box="[262,394,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">E. umbratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which are most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFB0494EFD27FA84FC89EC78" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[692,827,1321,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFD27FA84FC89EC78" box="[692,827,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">E. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Hence, the larvae were identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFB0494EFF69FAE4FECDEC58" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[250,383,1353,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFF69FAE4FECDEC58" box="[250,383,1353,1376]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">E. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3296556FFB0494EFFE2FADEFD69EF33" pageId="51" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8C36DDFFB0494EFFE2FADEFD69EF33" blockId="51.[113,1089,1395,1547]" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFFE2FADEFF52ECB3" bold="true" box="[113,224,1395,1419]" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA24B2CFFB0494EFF76FAD9FE21ECB3" author="MORIOKA A." box="[229,403,1395,1419]" pageId="51" pageNumber="44" pagination="15 - 18" refId="ref49267" refString="MORIOKA A. 1955: [Descriptions of four hydrophilid larvae from Japan (Coleoptera)]. Shin Konchu 8 (10): 15 - 18 (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1955">MORIOKA (1955)</bibRefCitation>
described an unidentified
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFB0494EFD3BFAD9FCBCECB3" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1859" box="[680,782,1396,1419]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFD3BFAD9FCBCECB3" box="[680,782,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">Enochrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larva collected in the field as
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFB0494EFFE2FA39FF64EC93" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1859" box="[113,214,1428,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFFE2FA39FF64EC93" box="[113,214,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">Enochrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. He pointed out that the larvae were collected together with adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFB0494EFC2BFA39FB88EC93" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[952,1082,1428,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFC2BFA39FB88EC93" box="[952,1082,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">E. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and no other hydrophilid species occurred in the collecting site. The larvae probably belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C334D5EFFB0494EFFE2FA79FF44ECD3" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[113,246,1492,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Enochrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B947EACFFFB0494EFFE2FA79FF44ECD3" box="[113,246,1492,1515]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="44">E. japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but we are not able to confirm the species-level identification as the description does not include enough details for a reliable comparison.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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