treatments-xml/data/03/DE/87/03DE87E97B73196100A0FF6BFB39FA8F.xml

<document id="355684316DB2602B518DE1FA9569DD95" ID-CLB-Dataset="2492" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5092.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="19fa0719-23b7-4d3a-9caf-9e59c1c4262d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5876688" ID-ZooBank="7FC04364-0793-4F24-A021-D170675E18C4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1642582060242" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chu, Chang, Yao, Zhiyuan, Wongprom, Prasit &amp; Li, Shuqiang" docDate="2022" docId="03DE87E97B73196100A0FF6BFB39FA8F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5092.2.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5092 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Changminia Chu &amp; Yao &amp; Wongprom &amp; Li 2022, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="240" masterDocId="FFE7FF917B7119630037FFB4FFA0FFFB" masterDocTitle="Changminia gen. nov., a new genus of daddy-long-leg spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from karst caves in Southeast Asia" masterLastPageNumber="246" masterPageNumber="238" pageNumber="240" updateTime="1699302829244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="91C5A3B1A39EF01B2E717D13481126B4">Changminia gen. nov., a new genus of daddy-long-leg spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from karst caves in Southeast Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6A92036B4672F822BD4406A7A8078033">Chu, Chang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="912A4644FFC4DC12CAF2A2AF8780A028">College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China &amp; changchu 1998 @ outlook. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3520 - 5463</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="34D6922D4F4C031202CFF08DBEA25E14">Yao, Zhiyuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C214BC5B950A0353B830DAE0E2712682">College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China &amp; yaozy @ synu. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1631 - 0949</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EC6FC945186C30C248F398976A7B97F8">Wongprom, Prasit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EC3F52E6C353DF1ABF4286B502B92F1B">Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Ladyao, Jatujak, Bangkok 10903, Thailand &amp; p _ wongprom @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2749 - 0869</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="57D6327145955D6825DBE9C1EC5416D4">Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="909E21E3C96F868732B7E5A4949F0BB4">Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China &amp; lisq @ ioz. ac. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3290 - 5416</mods:affiliation>
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Genus 
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<emphasis id="B903EAED7B73196100D9FF6BFE26FF01" bold="true" box="[238,390,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Changminia</emphasis>
Yao &amp; Li
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057967B7319610230FF6BFDD5FF02" box="[519,629,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BC836FF7B73196100A0FE90FD6AFEC7" blockId="2.[151,714,292,316]" box="[151,714,292,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">
<typeStatus id="54CC885D7B73196100A0FE90FF69FEC7" box="[151,201,292,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Type</typeStatus>
species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B7319610111FE90FD66FEC7" ID-CoL="3M8SF" authority="Tong &amp; Li, 2009" authorityName="Tong &amp; Li" authorityYear="2009" box="[294,710,292,316]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huangdi">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B7319610111FE90FDB2FEC7" box="[294,530,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Holocneminus huangdi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B0E7B731961022FFE90FD66FEC7" author="Tong, Y. &amp; Li, S." box="[536,710,292,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" pagination="17 - 32" refId="ref4441" refString="Tong, Y. &amp; Li, S. (2009) Six new cave-dwelling pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Hainan Island, with two newly recorded genera from China. Zootaxa, 1988 (1), 17 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1988.1.2" type="journal article" year="2009">Tong &amp; Li, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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<emphasis id="B903EAED7B73196100A0FEDEFEBEFE7F" bold="true" box="[151,286,362,388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Etymology.</emphasis>
The generic name is dedicated to the late Chinese arachnologist Changmin Yin. Gender is feminine.
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<emphasis id="B903EAED7B73196100F0FE39FEE2FE5C" bold="true" box="[199,322,397,423]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This genus can be easily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B731961030BFE3AFB24FE53" authority="Berland, 1942" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1942" box="[828,1156,398,424]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B731961030BFE3AFC7EFE53" box="[828,990,398,424]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Holocneminus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B0E7B73196103D2FE3AFB24FE53" author="Berland, L." box="[997,1156,398,424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref3805" refString="Berland, L. (1942) Polynesian spiders. Occasional Papers of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 17 (1), 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1942">Berland, 1942</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B731961048CFE3AFF6FFE37" authority="Simon, 1893" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B731961048CFE3AFAE5FE53" box="[1211,1349,398,424]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Physocyclus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B0E7B731961057BFE3AFF6FFE37" author="Simon, E." pageId="2" pageNumber="240" pagination="257 - 488" refId="ref4322" refString="Simon, E. (1893) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, tome premier. Roret, Paris, pp, 257 - 488. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book chapter" year="1893">Simon, 1893</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by the wide procursus in dorsal view (wider than 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B7319610325FE06FC14FE37" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1942" box="[786,948,434,460]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B7319610325FE06FC14FE37" box="[786,948,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Holocneminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B73196103D9FE06FBD8FE37" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[1006,1144,434,460]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B73196103D9FE06FBD8FE37" box="[1006,1144,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Physocyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B73196104BEFE06FB47FE37" box="[1161,1255,434,460]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[263,1327,362,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[260,1328,309,1879]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (IZCAS-Ar 21439). A–B. Pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C–D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view, arrow indicates short, pointed prolatero-subdistal apophysis; D. Dorsal view, arrow indicates pointed dorsal apophysis). b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.20 (A–B), 0.05 (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Figs 2D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B73196104C3FE06FAB9FE37" box="[1268,1305,434,460]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[221,1368,181,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[214,1373,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (IZCAS-Ar 42496). A–B. Pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C–D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view, arrows 1 and 2 indicate elongated prolatero-subdistal apophysis and dorso-distal protrusion, respectively; D. Dorsal view). b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–B), 0.05 (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876698/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">4D</figureCitation>
), procursus with sclerotized prolatero-subdistal apophysis (arrow in 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B7319610322FE62FCCDFE0B" box="[789,877,470,496]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[263,1327,362,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[260,1328,309,1879]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (IZCAS-Ar 21439). A–B. Pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C–D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view, arrow indicates short, pointed prolatero-subdistal apophysis; D. Dorsal view, arrow indicates pointed dorsal apophysis). b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.20 (A–B), 0.05 (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
, arrow 
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<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B73196103C0FE62FBEFFE0B" box="[1015,1103,470,496]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[221,1368,181,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[214,1373,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (IZCAS-Ar 42496). A–B. Pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C–D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view, arrows 1 and 2 indicate elongated prolatero-subdistal apophysis and dorso-distal protrusion, respectively; D. Dorsal view). b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–B), 0.05 (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876698/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
; absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B73196104FDFE62FACCFE0B" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1942" box="[1226,1388,470,496]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B73196104FDFE62FACCFE0B" box="[1226,1388,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Holocneminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B73196100A0FE4EFE81FDEF" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,289,506,532]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B73196100A0FE4EFE81FDEF" box="[151,289,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Physocyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), by embolus semi-transparent (
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B73196102A5FE4EFD50FDEF" box="[658,752,506,532]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[263,1327,362,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[260,1328,309,1879]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (IZCAS-Ar 21439). A–B. Pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C–D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view, arrow indicates short, pointed prolatero-subdistal apophysis; D. Dorsal view, arrow indicates pointed dorsal apophysis). b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.20 (A–B), 0.05 (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B73196102C9FE4EFC83FDEE" box="[766,803,506,533]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (D–H, IZCAS-Ar 42496) and paratype female (A–C, I–J; IZCAS-Ar 42497). A–B. External female genitalia (A. Ventral view; B. Lateral view); C. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly nshaped sclerite; D. Bulb, prolateral view; E–F. Chelicerae (E. Frontal view, arrow indicates blunt proximal part; F. Lateral view); G–J. Habitus (G, I. Dorsal view; H. Lateral view; J. Ventral view). b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ma = median apophysis, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–F), 0.30 (G–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876700/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">5D</figureCitation>
; sclerotized in 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B73196103E6FE4EFBD3FDEF" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1942" box="[977,1139,506,532]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B73196103E6FE4EFBD3FDEF" box="[977,1139,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Holocneminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B731961049BFE4EFA96FDEF" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[1196,1334,506,532]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B731961049BFE4EFA96FDEF" box="[1196,1334,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Physocyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and by vulval pore plates not seen (
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B73196101FAFDAAFD88FDC3" box="[461,552,542,568]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (C–F, IZCAS-Ar 21439) and paratype female (A–B, G–H; IZCAS-Ar 21448). A. External female genitalia, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly n-shaped sclerite; C–D. Chelicerae (C. Frontal view, arrow indicates pointed proximal part; D. Lateral view); E–H. Habitus (E, G. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; H. Ventral view). da = distal apophysis, ma = median apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–D), 0.50 (E–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876696/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B7319610204FDAAFDF6FDC2" box="[563,598,542,569]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (D–H, IZCAS-Ar 42496) and paratype female (A–C, I–J; IZCAS-Ar 42497). A–B. External female genitalia (A. Ventral view; B. Lateral view); C. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly nshaped sclerite; D. Bulb, prolateral view; E–F. Chelicerae (E. Frontal view, arrow indicates blunt proximal part; F. Lateral view); G–J. Habitus (G, I. Dorsal view; H. Lateral view; J. Ventral view). b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ma = median apophysis, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–F), 0.30 (G–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876700/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">5C</figureCitation>
; with pair of distinct vulval pore plates in 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B731961041DFDAAFB6CFDC3" authorityName="Berland" authorityYear="1942" box="[1066,1228,542,568]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B731961041DFDAAFB6CFDC3" box="[1066,1228,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Holocneminus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B7319610536FDAAFA2BFDC3" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[1281,1419,542,568]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B7319610536FDAAFA2BFDC3" box="[1281,1419,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Physocyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); also distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B7319610198FDF6FD99FDA7" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[431,569,578,604]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B7319610198FDF6FD99FDA7" box="[431,569,578,604]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Physocyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by external female genitalia without ventral apophyses on anterior part or lateral constraints in middle part (present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B7319610249FDD2FCA8FD7B" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[638,776,614,640]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B7319610249FDD2FCA8FD7B" box="[638,776,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Physocyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and by vulval anterior arch without sclerotized projections on anterior part (present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B73196101FEFD3EFDF3FD5F" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1893" box="[457,595,650,676]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Physocyclus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B73196101FEFD3EFDF3FD5F" box="[457,595,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Physocyclus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65747B73196100F0FD19FD41FAF3" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC836FF7B73196100F0FD19FD0DFB67" blockId="2.[151,1437,362,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B73196100F0FD19FE08FD33" bold="true" box="[199,424,685,712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Description. Male:</emphasis>
Total length 1.92–1.96 (2.04–2.20 with clypeus). Ocular triads relatively close together, distance PME-PME 0.10, diameter PME 0.09–0.10, distance PME-ALE 0.03, distance AME-AME 0.02, diameter AME 0.03–0.04. Sternum wider than long. Carapace with brownish radiating/Y-shaped marks; clypeus with brownish marks; sternum brownish/yellowish (
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B7319610298FCAEFC87FCCF" box="[687,807,794,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (C–F, IZCAS-Ar 21439) and paratype female (A–B, G–H; IZCAS-Ar 21448). A. External female genitalia, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly n-shaped sclerite; C–D. Chelicerae (C. Frontal view, arrow indicates pointed proximal part; D. Lateral view); E–H. Habitus (E, G. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; H. Ventral view). da = distal apophysis, ma = median apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–D), 0.50 (E–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876696/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Figs 3E–F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B7319610303FCAEFCDDFCCE" box="[820,893,794,821]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (D–H, IZCAS-Ar 42496) and paratype female (A–C, I–J; IZCAS-Ar 42497). A–B. External female genitalia (A. Ventral view; B. Lateral view); C. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly nshaped sclerite; D. Bulb, prolateral view; E–F. Chelicerae (E. Frontal view, arrow indicates blunt proximal part; F. Lateral view); G–J. Habitus (G, I. Dorsal view; H. Lateral view; J. Ventral view). b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ma = median apophysis, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–F), 0.30 (G–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876700/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">5G–H</figureCitation>
). Legs with slightly darker rings on distal parts of femora and tibiae. Opisthosoma globose, with brown dorsal and lateral spots (
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B7319610401FC8AFB0DFCA3" box="[1078,1197,830,856]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (C–F, IZCAS-Ar 21439) and paratype female (A–B, G–H; IZCAS-Ar 21448). A. External female genitalia, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly n-shaped sclerite; C–D. Chelicerae (C. Frontal view, arrow indicates pointed proximal part; D. Lateral view); E–H. Habitus (E, G. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; H. Ventral view). da = distal apophysis, ma = median apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–D), 0.50 (E–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876696/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Figs 3E–F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B731961048CFC8AFAA4FCA2" box="[1211,1284,830,857]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (D–H, IZCAS-Ar 42496) and paratype female (A–C, I–J; IZCAS-Ar 42497). A–B. External female genitalia (A. Ventral view; B. Lateral view); C. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly nshaped sclerite; D. Bulb, prolateral view; E–F. Chelicerae (E. Frontal view, arrow indicates blunt proximal part; F. Lateral view); G–J. Habitus (G, I. Dorsal view; H. Lateral view; J. Ventral view). b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ma = median apophysis, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–F), 0.30 (G–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876700/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">5G–H</figureCitation>
). Ocular area elevated and separated from rest of carapace. Thoracic furrow shallow but distinct (
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B7319610471FCD6FB1CFC87" box="[1094,1212,866,892]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (C–F, IZCAS-Ar 21439) and paratype female (A–B, G–H; IZCAS-Ar 21448). A. External female genitalia, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly n-shaped sclerite; C–D. Chelicerae (C. Frontal view, arrow indicates pointed proximal part; D. Lateral view); E–H. Habitus (E, G. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; H. Ventral view). da = distal apophysis, ma = median apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–D), 0.50 (E–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876696/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Figs 3E–F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B73196104FFFCD6FAB1FC86" box="[1224,1297,866,893]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (D–H, IZCAS-Ar 42496) and paratype female (A–C, I–J; IZCAS-Ar 42497). A–B. External female genitalia (A. Ventral view; B. Lateral view); C. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly nshaped sclerite; D. Bulb, prolateral view; E–F. Chelicerae (E. Frontal view, arrow indicates blunt proximal part; F. Lateral view); G–J. Habitus (G, I. Dorsal view; H. Lateral view; J. Ventral view). b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ma = median apophysis, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–F), 0.30 (G–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876700/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">5G–H</figureCitation>
). Chelicerae (
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B73196100A8FC32FEBCFC5B" box="[159,284,902,928]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (C–F, IZCAS-Ar 21439) and paratype female (A–B, G–H; IZCAS-Ar 21448). A. External female genitalia, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly n-shaped sclerite; C–D. Chelicerae (C. Frontal view, arrow indicates pointed proximal part; D. Lateral view); E–H. Habitus (E, G. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; H. Ventral view). da = distal apophysis, ma = median apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–D), 0.50 (E–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876696/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Figs 3C–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B7319610110FC32FEC5FC5A" box="[295,357,902,929]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (D–H, IZCAS-Ar 42496) and paratype female (A–C, I–J; IZCAS-Ar 42497). A–B. External female genitalia (A. Ventral view; B. Lateral view); C. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly nshaped sclerite; D. Bulb, prolateral view; E–F. Chelicerae (E. Frontal view, arrow indicates blunt proximal part; F. Lateral view); G–J. Habitus (G, I. Dorsal view; H. Lateral view; J. Ventral view). b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ma = median apophysis, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–F), 0.30 (G–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876700/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">5E–F</figureCitation>
) with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses (pa in 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B7319610347FC32FC4BFC5B" box="[880,1003,902,928]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (C–F, IZCAS-Ar 21439) and paratype female (A–B, G–H; IZCAS-Ar 21448). A. External female genitalia, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly n-shaped sclerite; C–D. Chelicerae (C. Frontal view, arrow indicates pointed proximal part; D. Lateral view); E–H. Habitus (E, G. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; H. Ventral view). da = distal apophysis, ma = median apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–D), 0.50 (E–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876696/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Figs 3C–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B73196103C1FC32FB94FC5A" box="[1014,1076,902,929]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (D–H, IZCAS-Ar 42496) and paratype female (A–C, I–J; IZCAS-Ar 42497). A–B. External female genitalia (A. Ventral view; B. Lateral view); C. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly nshaped sclerite; D. Bulb, prolateral view; E–F. Chelicerae (E. Frontal view, arrow indicates blunt proximal part; F. Lateral view); G–J. Habitus (G, I. Dorsal view; H. Lateral view; J. Ventral view). b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ma = median apophysis, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–F), 0.30 (G–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876700/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">5E–F</figureCitation>
) with stridulatory ridges, pair of distal apophyses with several sclerotized cones each (da in 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B7319610302FC1EFC26FC3E" box="[821,902,938,965]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (D–H, IZCAS-Ar 42496) and paratype female (A–C, I–J; IZCAS-Ar 42497). A–B. External female genitalia (A. Ventral view; B. Lateral view); C. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly nshaped sclerite; D. Bulb, prolateral view; E–F. Chelicerae (E. Frontal view, arrow indicates blunt proximal part; F. Lateral view); G–J. Habitus (G, I. Dorsal view; H. Lateral view; J. Ventral view). b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ma = median apophysis, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–F), 0.30 (G–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876700/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
)/cone-shaped distal apophyses (da in 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B7319610500FC1EFA2EFC3F" box="[1335,1422,938,964]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (C–F, IZCAS-Ar 21439) and paratype female (A–B, G–H; IZCAS-Ar 21448). A. External female genitalia, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly n-shaped sclerite; C–D. Chelicerae (C. Frontal view, arrow indicates pointed proximal part; D. Lateral view); E–H. Habitus (E, G. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; H. Ventral view). da = distal apophysis, ma = median apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–D), 0.50 (E–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876696/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
), and pair of frontal apophyses with sclerotized cones each (fa in 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B7319610351FC7AFC7EFC12" box="[870,990,974,1001]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (D–H, IZCAS-Ar 42496) and paratype female (A–C, I–J; IZCAS-Ar 42497). A–B. External female genitalia (A. Ventral view; B. Lateral view); C. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly nshaped sclerite; D. Bulb, prolateral view; E–F. Chelicerae (E. Frontal view, arrow indicates blunt proximal part; F. Lateral view); G–J. Habitus (G, I. Dorsal view; H. Lateral view; J. Ventral view). b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ma = median apophysis, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–F), 0.30 (G–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876700/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Figs 5E–F</figureCitation>
; absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B7319610462FC7AFB72FC13" authorityName="Tong &amp; Li" authorityYear="2009" box="[1109,1234,974,1000]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huangdi">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B7319610462FC7AFB72FC13" box="[1109,1234,974,1000]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">C. huangdi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Pedipalpal coxa unmodified; trochanter with retrolateral apophysis; femur conspicuously enlarged and dorsally strongly curved, with proximo-retrolateral protrusion (
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B731961027EFBA2FD6CFBCB" box="[585,716,1046,1072]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[263,1327,362,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[260,1328,309,1879]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (IZCAS-Ar 21439). A–B. Pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C–D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view, arrow indicates short, pointed prolatero-subdistal apophysis; D. Dorsal view, arrow indicates pointed dorsal apophysis). b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.20 (A–B), 0.05 (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Figs 2A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B73196102EBFBA2FC82FBCB" box="[732,802,1046,1072]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[221,1368,181,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[214,1373,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (IZCAS-Ar 42496). A–B. Pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C–D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view, arrows 1 and 2 indicate elongated prolatero-subdistal apophysis and dorso-distal protrusion, respectively; D. Dorsal view). b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–B), 0.05 (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876698/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">4A–B</figureCitation>
); procursus curved, with prolatero-subdistal apophysis (arrow in 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B7319610132FB8EFEFBFBAF" box="[261,347,1082,1108]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[263,1327,362,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[260,1328,309,1879]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (IZCAS-Ar 21439). A–B. Pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C–D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view, arrow indicates short, pointed prolatero-subdistal apophysis; D. Dorsal view, arrow indicates pointed dorsal apophysis). b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.20 (A–B), 0.05 (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
, arrow 
<quantity id="4C8F9B1A7B7319610198FB8EFE7AFBAF" box="[431,474,1082,1108]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B73196101D6FB8EFD99FBAF" box="[481,569,1082,1108]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[221,1368,181,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[214,1373,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (IZCAS-Ar 42496). A–B. Pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C–D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view, arrows 1 and 2 indicate elongated prolatero-subdistal apophysis and dorso-distal protrusion, respectively; D. Dorsal view). b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–B), 0.05 (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876698/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
); bulb simple, no other projections except for semi-transparent embolus (
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B731961055DFB8EFF1CFB83" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[263,1327,362,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-85@3.[260,1328,309,1879]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (IZCAS-Ar 21439). A–B. Pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C–D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view, arrow indicates short, pointed prolatero-subdistal apophysis; D. Dorsal view, arrow indicates pointed dorsal apophysis). b = bulb, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.20 (A–B), 0.05 (C–D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876694/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B73196100F1FBEAFF4CFB82" box="[198,236,1118,1145]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (D–H, IZCAS-Ar 42496) and paratype female (A–C, I–J; IZCAS-Ar 42497). A–B. External female genitalia (A. Ventral view; B. Lateral view); C. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly nshaped sclerite; D. Bulb, prolateral view; E–F. Chelicerae (E. Frontal view, arrow indicates blunt proximal part; F. Lateral view); G–J. Habitus (G, I. Dorsal view; H. Lateral view; J. Ventral view). b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ma = median apophysis, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–F), 0.30 (G–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876700/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">5D</figureCitation>
). Leg formula 1&gt;4&gt;2&gt;3; legs with short vertical setae on tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi, without spines or curved setae; tarsus I with&gt;6 distinct pseudosegments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836FF7B73196100F0FB12FD41FAF3" blockId="2.[151,1437,362,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B73196100F0FB12FE88FB3B" bold="true" box="[199,296,1190,1216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Female:</emphasis>
Similar to male, sexual dimorphism very slight. Chelicerae unmodified. External female genitalia brown, with median apophysis (ma in 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B7319610270FB7EFD03FB1F" box="[583,675,1226,1252]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (C–F, IZCAS-Ar 21439) and paratype female (A–B, G–H; IZCAS-Ar 21448). A. External female genitalia, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly n-shaped sclerite; C–D. Chelicerae (C. Frontal view, arrow indicates pointed proximal part; D. Lateral view); E–H. Habitus (E, G. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; H. Ventral view). da = distal apophysis, ma = median apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–D), 0.50 (E–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876696/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B7319610298FB7EFD57FB1E" box="[687,759,1226,1253]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (D–H, IZCAS-Ar 42496) and paratype female (A–C, I–J; IZCAS-Ar 42497). A–B. External female genitalia (A. Ventral view; B. Lateral view); C. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly nshaped sclerite; D. Bulb, prolateral view; E–F. Chelicerae (E. Frontal view, arrow indicates blunt proximal part; F. Lateral view); G–J. Habitus (G, I. Dorsal view; H. Lateral view; J. Ventral view). b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ma = median apophysis, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–F), 0.30 (G–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876700/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">5A–C</figureCitation>
). Vulva with membranous anterior arch and nearly n-shaped sclerite (arrow in 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B731961016AFB5AFE18FAF3" box="[349,440,1262,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Changminia huangdi comb. nov., paratype male (C–F, IZCAS-Ar 21439) and paratype female (A–B, G–H; IZCAS-Ar 21448). A. External female genitalia, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly n-shaped sclerite; C–D. Chelicerae (C. Frontal view, arrow indicates pointed proximal part; D. Lateral view); E–H. Habitus (E, G. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; H. Ventral view). da = distal apophysis, ma = median apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–D), 0.50 (E–H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876696/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B73196101F4FB5AFE46FAF2" box="[451,486,1262,1289]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[226,1361,181,1851]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Changminia dao sp. nov., holotype male (D–H, IZCAS-Ar 42496) and paratype female (A–C, I–J; IZCAS-Ar 42497). A–B. External female genitalia (A. Ventral view; B. Lateral view); C. Vulva, dorsal view, arrow indicates nearly nshaped sclerite; D. Bulb, prolateral view; E–F. Chelicerae (E. Frontal view, arrow indicates blunt proximal part; F. Lateral view); G–J. Habitus (G, I. Dorsal view; H. Lateral view; J. Ventral view). b = bulb, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, ma = median apophysis, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–F), 0.30 (G–J)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876700" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876700/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">5C</figureCitation>
), pore plates not seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65747B73196100F0FAA6FAACFAD7" box="[199,1292,1297,1324]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC836FF7B73196100F0FAA6FAACFAD7" blockId="2.[151,1437,362,1396]" box="[199,1292,1297,1324]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B73196100F0FAA6FE25FAD0" bold="true" box="[199,389,1297,1324]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Natural history.</emphasis>
Unknown, except the species were collected in the aphotic zone inside the cave.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65747B73196100F0FA81FB85FAAB" box="[199,1061,1333,1360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC836FF7B73196100F0FA81FB85FAAB" blockId="2.[151,1437,362,1396]" box="[199,1061,1333,1360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B73196100F0FA81FEC1FAB4" bold="true" box="[199,353,1333,1359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F360766F7B7319610150FA82FE0AFAAB" box="[359,426,1334,1360]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49B3F81D7B731961018EFA82FDAEFAAB" box="[441,526,1334,1360]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Hainan</collectingRegion>
, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B731961022DFA82FDFAFAAB" box="[538,602,1334,1360]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,267,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-80@1.[151,1437,267,1174]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution records of the genus Changminia gen. nov. 1 Changminia huangdi comb. nov., 2 Changminia dao sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F360766F7B7319610245FA82FD76FAAB" box="[626,726,1334,1360]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(Prachuap Kiri Khan, 
<figureCitation id="134C2A7A7B73196103E4FA82FBB4FAAB" box="[979,1044,1334,1360]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1198,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,267,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-80@1.[151,1437,267,1174]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution records of the genus Changminia gen. nov. 1 Changminia huangdi comb. nov., 2 Changminia dao sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5876690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5876690/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65747B73196100F0FAEDFB39FA8F" box="[199,1177,1369,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" type="synonymic_list">
<paragraph id="8BC836FF7B73196100F0FAEDFB39FA8F" blockId="2.[151,1437,362,1396]" box="[199,1177,1369,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B73196100F0FAEDFEC7FA88" bold="true" box="[199,359,1369,1395]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">Composition.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B7319610159FAEEFD60FA8F" authority="(Tong &amp; Li, 2009)" authorityName="Chu &amp; Yao &amp; Wongprom &amp; Li" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Tong &amp; Li" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[366,704,1370,1396]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Holocneminus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huangdi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B7319610159FAEEFE4AFA8F" box="[366,490,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">C. huangdi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B0E7B73196101CEFAEEFD18FA8F" author="Tong, Y. &amp; Li, S." box="[505,696,1370,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" pagination="17 - 32" refId="ref4441" refString="Tong, Y. &amp; Li, S. (2009) Six new cave-dwelling pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Hainan Island, with two newly recorded genera from China. Zootaxa, 1988 (1), 17 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1988.1.2" type="journal article" year="2009">Tong &amp; Li, 2009</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B73196102F0FAEEFCE7FA8F" bold="true" box="[711,839,1370,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057967B73196102F0FAEEFCE7FA8F" box="[711,839,1370,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C774D7C7B731961034AFAEEFB97FA8F" authority="Yao &amp; Li" authorityName="Chu &amp; Yao &amp; Wongprom &amp; Li" authorityYear="2022" box="[893,1079,1370,1396]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Changminia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dao" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B731961034AFAEEFC68FA8F" box="[893,968,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">C. dao</emphasis>
Yao &amp; Li
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B903EAED7B731961040AFAEEFB39FA8F" bold="true" box="[1085,1177,1370,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057967B731961040AFAEEFB39FA8F" box="[1085,1177,1370,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="240" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>