178 lines
21 KiB
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178 lines
21 KiB
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<document id="F38D7A4ABF4F4C0B6A76FDE13B588988" ID-CLB-Dataset="290336" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.10667491" ID-GBIF-Dataset="46965e53-0383-490d-959c-50036699712c" ID-ISSN="1407-8619" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10667491" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1708023709413" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Alekseev, Vitalii I." docDate="2015" docId="C5071910FF92F162C596E3AF0CD17C7A" docLanguage="en" docName="BalticJColeopterol.15.1.9-16.pdf" docOrigin="Baltic Journal of Coleopterology 15 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AA156050B09C0A4609AEA89F10CC943C.1:BalticJColeopterol.2012-2021.journal_article" docStyleId="AA156050B09C0A4609AEA89F10CC943C" docStyleName="BalticJColeopterol.2012-2021.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Pseudobothrideres criwecriwayto Alekseev 2015, sp.nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E1E235DC-DE72-4414-8CAD-61D79E164C00" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="393E6168FF91F167C575E7300F417A1A" masterDocTitle="Two new cocoon-forming beetles (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Bothrideridae) from Baltic amber" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1711469863926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="775E7FE8C51CEF843F77655E60008A66">Two new cocoon-forming beetles (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea: Bothrideridae) from Baltic amber</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B80697A4059DBEEFEFCFF0709C1D0E64">Alekseev, Vitalii I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3923A1F5A7FD2406B63652E558971AA2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BC415F72132F32AF976E956B27EAA138">Baltic Journal of Coleopterology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2A4428118B763876B45141AB1DB20C48">
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<mods:date id="8B9FAD730FDCD484E60A8BDF86F8E751">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E0FB0B06293389FAB255B14485AE0852" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7BD914AB91A661B5CC543D815A7E45C9">15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="64D35EB85877E497EFD38843A4A65524">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1B4FE17CEC2A2219377A3DD7D9AAD596" type="CLB-Dataset">290336</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="855CCA9545FB72E61E49C7E313FD1371" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.10667491</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="41A7E37751D633C497FDCC0305753C2B" type="GBIF-Dataset">46965e53-0383-490d-959c-50036699712c</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5320B015137B61D89E32104DC0B49838" type="ISSN">1407-8619</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A191BA940E7D78D94D84241B018ACAEF" type="Zenodo-Dep">10667491</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7643A26C862D93515D62633108648FB7" type="ZooBank">FDD48487-3492-4023-8654-9C433A775771</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C5071910FF92F162C596E3AF0CD17C7A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10798058" ID-GBIF-Taxon="222864313" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10798058" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E1E235DC-DE72-4414-8CAD-61D79E164C00" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C5071910FF92F162C596E3AF0CD17C7A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="05B4FB8DFF92F164C596E3AF0DF77EAD" box="[227,694,1183,1207]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF92F164C596E3AF0DF77EAD" blockId="3.[227,694,1183,1239]" box="[227,694,1183,1207]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="16591F6AFF92F164C596E3AF0DF77EAD" bold="true" box="[227,694,1183,1207]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF92F164C596E3AF0DF77EAD" bold="true" box="[227,694,1183,1207]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="8AAED385FF92F164C596E3AF0D1A7EAD" authority="Alekseev, 2015" authorityName="Alekseev" authorityYear="2015" box="[227,603,1183,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Bothrideridae" genus="Pseudobothrideres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="criwecriwayto" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF92F164C596E3AF0D1A7EAD" bold="true" box="[227,603,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Pseudobothrideres criwecriwayto</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="64E9C96FFF92F164C713E3AF0DF77EAD" box="[614,694,1183,1207]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="05B4FB8DFF92F164C596E38F0EDB7ECD" box="[227,410,1215,1239]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF92F164C596E38F0EDB7ECD" blockId="3.[227,694,1183,1239]" box="[227,410,1215,1239]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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(
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<figureCitation id="D595B483FF92F164C59EE38F0E087ECD" box="[235,329,1215,1239]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[303,351,1064,1088]" captionTargetBox="[300,1361,187,1024]" captionTargetId="figure-78@2.[303,1361,602,609]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig.1. The Baltic amber Pseudobothrideres, reconstructions: A – P. rugiorum sp.nov.; B – P.criwecriwayto sp.nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10880810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10880810/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D595B483FF92F164C423E38F0E227ECD" box="[342,355,1215,1239]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[227,273,946,970]" captionTargetBox="[227,1287,188,885]" captionTargetId="figure-276@5.[227,1287,188,885]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig.4. Pseudobothrideres criwecriwayto sp.nov. Dorsal view: a) Habitus; b) Forebody" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10667497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10667497/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">4</figureCitation>
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A-B)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="05B4FB8DFF92F162C596E3CF0D637EDA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF92F164C596E3CF0D2A7C6D" blockId="3.[227,738,1279,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF92F164C596E3CF0E907F0D" bold="true" box="[227,465,1279,1303]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="FDC6A25BFF92F164C492E3CF0D2A7C6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4535558302" collectionCode="CCHH" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="921516A4FF92F164C492E3CF0D107F0D" box="[487,593,1279,1303]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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Nr. 1615-2 [
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<collectionCode id="2BBF30C3FF92F164C59CE22F0E7A7F2D" box="[233,315,1311,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">CCHH</collectionCode>
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], sex unknown. The beetle inclusion is preserved in a polished piece of transparent amber with a yellowish shade, thermal processed in an autoclave. The amber piece is embedded in polyester resin (total measurements are 13 x 8 x
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<quantity id="8A5605E3FF92F164C73EE28F0DD87FCD" box="[587,665,1471,1495]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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). The syninclusions are represented by one fagacean stellate hair and small pieces of organic matter. Ventral surface of the beetle is covered by opaque milky foam, the ultimate right metatarsomere of the beetle is lost.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF92F164C596E1AF0E3A7CCD" blockId="3.[227,617,1695,1751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF92F164C596E1AF0E2F7CAD" bold="true" box="[227,366,1695,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<typeStatus id="921516A4FF92F164C596E1AF0E5D7CAD" box="[227,284,1695,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
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strata.
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</emphasis>
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Baltic Amber. Eocene.
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF92F164C596E18F0E3A7CCD" bold="true" box="[227,379,1727,1751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Description:</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF92F164C673E78F0C0E7B4D" blockId="3.[774,1285,191,343]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF92F164C673E78F0C037ACD" bold="true" box="[774,834,191,215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Body</emphasis>
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: Length
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<quantity id="8A5605E3FF92F164C6D0E78F0CBD7ACD" box="[933,1020,191,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
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. Width (in the middle of elytra)
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<quantity id="8A5605E3FF92F164C62DE7EF0CF57AED" box="[856,948,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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. Elongate, subparallel, dark; dorsal surface glabrous, shiny, without visible setation or pubescence (except the apical elytral teeth).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF92F164C673E64F0BC6790D" blockId="3.[774,1286,383,791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF92F164C673E64F0C047B8D" bold="true" box="[774,837,383,407]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Head</emphasis>
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: slightly narrowed anteriorly, convex; without supra-ocular ridges; punctures distinct, small and dense. Frontoclypeal suture not well apparent. Anterior margin of clypeus broadly arcuate. Antennal groove well-developed. Antennae clavate, sparsely setose, reaching apical 1/4 of pronotum; scape and pedicel wide (wider than antennal club), rounded; antennal club segments with sparse, long, setae located at or near distal margin of the segments. Antennal club symmetrical, weakly expressed, 2-segmented. Eyes: strongly protuberant, finely facetted, lacking interfacetal setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF92F164C673E40F0BFC7F2D" blockId="3.[774,1285,831,1335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF92F164C673E40F0C2A794D" bold="true" box="[774,875,831,855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Thorax:</emphasis>
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Pronotum trapezoidal in outline, slightly transverse, widest near anterior 1/4, distinctly wider than head, not bordered laterally; dorsal surface convex, flattened in the middle; anterior margin weakly arcuate; anterior angles produced, widely rounded; posterior margin sinuate, distinctly narrower than elytral bases; posterior angles pronounced, triangular. Pronotal disc with irregular, small, sparse, round punctures. Pronotum with longitudinally almost divided in two parts tubercle enclosed by well impressed sulci and two pairs of symmetrical oval pits around: two near anterior angles of sulci and two near the pronotal basis. Metasternum with long femoral lines almost reaching metacoxa. Scutellum rounded.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF92F164C673E26F0CFD7C0D" blockId="3.[774,1284,1375,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF92F164C673E26F0C167F6D" bold="true" box="[774,855,1375,1399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Elytra</emphasis>
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: Elytra flattened dorsally, convex laterally, separately rounded. Five alternate intervals on each elytron carinate. Suture without carina. The 2-4 carina form an acute, triangular protuberance at the apex. Hind wings are not apparent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF92F164C673E10F0A457CCD" blockId="3.[774,1285,1599,1751]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF92F164C673E10F0C7D7C4D" bold="true" box="[774,828,1599,1623]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Legs</emphasis>
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: Femora and tibiae irregularly and finely punctate. Protibiae widened apically, with short and sharp terminal outer teeth, with four small acute denticles along outer margin. Meso- and metatibiae without distinct apical teeth. Tarsal
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="19D1F88EFF95F163C45AE4EB0B9479E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10667493" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10667493" box="[303,1237,987,1011]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10667493/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" startId="4.[303,345,987,1011]" targetBox="[358,1303,188,944]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF95F163C45AE4EB0B9479E9" blockId="4.[303,1237,987,1011]" box="[303,1237,987,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
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Fig.2.
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<taxonomicName id="8AAED385FF95F163C403E4EB0DF079E9" authority="Alekseev, 2015" authorityName="Alekseev" authorityYear="2015" box="[374,689,987,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Bothrideridae" genus="Pseudobothrideres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugiorum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF95F163C403E4EB0DF079E9" box="[374,689,987,1011]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">Pseudobothrideres rugiorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="64E9C96FFF95F163C7CAE4EC0C4C79E9" box="[703,781,988,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Habitus: a) Dorsal view; b) Ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="19D1F88EFF95F163C45AE1970B9E7CA5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10667495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10667495" box="[303,1247,1703,1727]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10667495/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" startId="4.[303,346,1703,1727]" targetBox="[371,1308,1058,1648]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF95F163C45AE1970B9E7CA5" blockId="4.[303,1247,1703,1727]" box="[303,1247,1703,1727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">
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Fig.3.
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<taxonomicName id="8AAED385FF95F163C402E1970DF37CA5" authority="Alekseev, 2015" authorityName="Alekseev" authorityYear="2015" box="[375,690,1703,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Bothrideridae" genus="Pseudobothrideres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugiorum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF95F163C402E1970DF37CA5" box="[375,690,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">Pseudobothrideres rugiorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="64E9C96FFF95F163C7CFE1980C467CA5" box="[698,775,1704,1727]" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Forebody: a) Dorsal view; b) Ventral view
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF94F162C7CBE7BA0C6A7A87" blockId="5.[702,811,138,157]" box="[702,811,138,157]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF94F162C7CBE7BA0C6A7A87" box="[702,811,138,157]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
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Alekseev
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<collectionCode id="2BBF30C3FF94F162C67AE7BB0C5D7A87" box="[783,796,139,157]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
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.I.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="19D1F88EFF94F162C596E4820A4779D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10667497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10667497" box="[227,1286,946,970]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10667497/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" startId="5.[227,273,946,970]" targetBox="[227,1287,188,885]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF94F162C596E4820A4779D0" blockId="5.[227,1286,946,970]" box="[227,1286,946,970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
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Fig.4.
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<taxonomicName id="8AAED385FF94F162C441E4820D8979D0" authority="Alekseev, 2015" authorityName="Alekseev" authorityYear="2015" box="[308,712,946,970]" class="Insecta" family="Bothrideridae" genus="Pseudobothrideres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="criwecriwayto" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF94F162C441E4820D8979D0" box="[308,712,946,970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Pseudobothrideres criwecriwayto</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="64E9C96FFF94F162C7A3E4830C6A79D0" box="[726,811,947,970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Dorsal view: a) Habitus; b) Forebody
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF94F162C596E4D80D4D7E5A" blockId="5.[227,737,1000,1088]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">formula 4-4-4. Tarsomere IV the longest, tarsomeres I-III equal in size. Tarsal claws are simple, large, equal in size.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF94F162C596E3580D637EDA" blockId="5.[227,737,1128,1216]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF94F162C596E3580E137E9A" bold="true" box="[227,338,1128,1152]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: with five ventrites. Ventrite I as long as ventrites II and III combined; with long femoral line visible laterally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="05B4FB8DFF94F162C596E3D80CB87EDA" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF94F162C596E3D80CB87EDA" blockId="5.[227,737,1256,1760]" lastBlockId="5.[774,1285,1000,1216]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF94F162C596E3D80E9A7F1A" bold="true" box="[227,475,1256,1280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
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: The new fossil species can be referred to the genus
|
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<taxonomicName id="8AAED385FF94F162C760E2380EE97F5A" authority="Grouvelle, 1908" authorityName="Grouvelle" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Bothrideridae" genus="Pseudobothrideres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF94F162C760E2380DA07F3A" box="[533,737,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Pseudobothrideres</emphasis>
|
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Grouvelle, 1908
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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due to a combination of morphological characters (elytra without tubercles, elongate, striate-punctate, alternate intervals carinate apically; antennae 11- segmented with 2-segmented antennal club; upper sur face sh in y and with out scales; pron otum without car inae, tr apezoidal in outline, with tubercle enclosed by well impressed sulcus; metasternum and ventrite I with long femoral lines; anterior tibia widened apically, with row of small denticles along outer margin and well-marked apical teeth, inner spine long and curved; tarsi with segments I-III subequal in length).
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<taxonomicName id="8AAED385FF94F162C4BFE1F90DC37CFA" authority="Alekseev, 2015" authorityName="Alekseev" authorityYear="2015" box="[458,642,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Bothrideridae" genus="Pseudobothrideres" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="criwecriwayto" status="sp. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF94F162C4BFE1F90DC37CFA" box="[458,642,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">P. criwecriwayto</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="64E9C96FFF94F162C7FFE1F90DA07CFA" box="[650,737,1737,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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|
differs from all extant representatives of the genus by the pronotal sculpture and by the presence of the triangular protuberance at the elytral apex. The new species can be easily distinguished from all other described species from Baltic amber with the use of the key (see chapter “discussion”).
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="05B4FB8DFF94F162C673E3D80BCB7F5A" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF94F162C673E3D80BCB7F5A" blockId="5.[774,1285,1256,1344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF94F162C673E3D80C397F1A" bold="true" box="[774,888,1256,1280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
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Two important characters are not visible on the specimen because of milky foam: prosternum and prosternal process.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="05B4FB8DFF94F162C673E2580CD17C7A" pageId="5" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
|
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|
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<paragraph id="4D11A806FF94F162C673E2580CD17C7A" blockId="5.[774,1285,1384,1632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">
|
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|
|
<emphasis id="7FDA7414FF94F162C673E2580CAA7F9A" bold="true" box="[774,1003,1384,1408]" pageId="5" pageNumber="14">Derivatio nominis.</emphasis>
|
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|
|
The species name is a combination of the Old Prussian “Criwe Criwayto” [Kriwe of Kriwes; Lithuanian: krivių krivaitis; Latvian: krīvu krīvs). This is a title of the high pagan priest in the Old Prussian religion. The chief priest or “pagan pope” lived at Rikojoto/Romuva and ruled over the religion of all the Balts.
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
|
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</document>
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