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<document id="FEF8F0B5109F4A1BC9CBCAA7EA9E5731" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930701850455" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5224913" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629407375810" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Muir, Alexander I. &amp; Bamber, Roger N." docDate="2008" docId="03D387FED23DFFA4FDD4CE12BFB8FCF1" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.42.9-12.797-814.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701850455" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DE8A86AD4006EFA56F95B2AAEFBF2813.5:JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="DE8A86AD4006EFA56F95B2AAEFBF2813" docStyleName="JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Chrysopetalidae Ehlers 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="803" masterDocId="FFEAFF86D23BFFACFFF4CB48BB29FF92" masterDocTitle="New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae" masterLastPageNumber="814" masterPageNumber="797" pageNumber="801" updateTime="1699072432809" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="DB046D0C1DA6D0BE63106344FEA32AAA">New polychaete (Annelida) records and a new species from Hong Kong: the families Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pilargiidae, Nereididae, Opheliidae, Ampharetidae and Terebellidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D13C1547B133DCD1E1A6C9246C2241CC">Muir, Alexander I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1192CA09EE66CA9E7636B7E6D8E04078">Bamber, Roger N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="85321A0AB73F6929F234005C27F13576">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="54D5C74BC1991C7F33B4F20DC472F621">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DD7C88EB882E9E4A4B02B27AC726FEC8">2008-03-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="78DFE2D1D535F7588B5CEE0C81D44324" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C183D32D57AD3B784E95A77610C7B3DA">42</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A799565453BBE080EAF35BCC918B9DF9" type="issue">
<mods:number id="8C8E5DFCCCA8C844511CD63C7345F25E">9 - 12</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8D09437832B44DF642EBE1E27E0A0231">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D8818CB13967E4765528A5C290523ED7" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930701850455</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="296441C8D7E2EE41C493EF010C7A42DC" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3B3FE7D1EE38EE09FEA347415CDDD265" type="Zenodo-Dep">5224913</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D387FED23DFFA4FDD4CE12BFB8FCF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D387FED23DFFA4FDD4CE12BFB8FCF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D387FED23DFFA4FDD4CE12BFB8FCF1" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="803" pageId="6" pageNumber="801">
<subSubSection id="C3606563D23DFFAAFDD4CE12B86FFAE0" box="[544,838,1370,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="801" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23DFFAAFDD4CE12B86FFAE0" blockId="6.[544,838,1370,1394]" box="[544,838,1370,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="801">
<heading id="D08D8184D23DFFAAFDD4CE12B86FFAE0" box="[544,838,1370,1394]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="801" reason="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD23DFFAAFDD4CE12B9FAFAE0" ID-CoL="84K2N" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[544,723,1370,1394]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="801" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23DFFAAFDD4CE12B9FAFAE0" bold="true" box="[544,723,1370,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="801">Chrysopetalidae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. indet.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3606563D23DFFA4FF21CEE3BFB8FCF1" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="803" pageId="6" pageNumber="801" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23DFFAAFF21CEE3BA1EFA51" blockId="6.[213,311,1451,1475]" box="[213,311,1451,1475]" pageId="6" pageNumber="801">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23DFFAAFF21CEE3BA1EFA51" box="[213,311,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="801">Material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23DFFAAFF21CE9ABF7FFA78" blockId="6.[213,1169,1490,1706]" box="[213,1110,1490,1514]" pageId="6" pageNumber="801">
One specimen, Kei Chau (Steep Island) Cave, station B, at a depth of
<quantity id="4C829B0DD23DFFAAFBF1CE9ABF78FA78" box="[1029,1105,1490,1514]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="801" unit="m" value="11.1">11.1 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23DFFAAFF0BCEBBB9ABF938" blockId="6.[213,1169,1490,1706]" pageId="6" pageNumber="801">
This specimen has a long body covered in flattened paleae, which are darker and wider than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD23DFFAAFE43CD5BB987F9B9" authorityName="Gravier" authorityYear="1901" box="[439,686,1555,1579]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Chrysopetalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="801" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ehlersi">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23DFFAAFE43CD5BB987F9B9" box="[439,686,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="801">Chrysopetalum ehlersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above). It agrees well with the generic definition of
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD23DFFAAFE9CCD7BBAFCF9D9" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1861" box="[360,469,1587,1611]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Bhawania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" pageNumber="801" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23DFFAAFE9CCD7BBAFCF9D9" box="[360,469,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="801">Bhawania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D23DFFAAFE0CCD7AB99DF9D8" author="Fauchald K" box="[504,692,1586,1610]" pageId="6" pageNumber="801" pagination="1 - 188" refId="ref9017" refString="Fauchald K. 1977. The polychaete worms. Definitions and keys to the Orders, Families and Genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series 28: 1 - 188." type="book chapter" year="1977">Fauchald (1977)</bibRefCitation>
, but unfortunately the head is missing. As 12 genera are now recognised (as opposed to the four known to
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D23DFFAAFC5ACD1ABF71F9F8" author="Fauchald K" box="[942,1112,1618,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="801" pagination="1 - 188" refId="ref9017" refString="Fauchald K. 1977. The polychaete worms. Definitions and keys to the Orders, Families and Genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Series 28: 1 - 188." type="book chapter" year="1977">Fauchald 1977</bibRefCitation>
) and as the structure of the anterior end is necessary for their identification, this specimen is only identified to family level here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF49CBE0B92FFE8D" blockId="7.[146,1103,168,447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">
A key is provided below for the identification of the chrysopetalid genera of the world and two species which do not fit into a currently recognised genus. It is based on the key in (and uses characters defined in)
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D23CFFABFD5BCBAFB87FFF6D" author="Perkins TH" box="[687,854,231,255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" pagination="856 - 915" refId="ref10073" refString="Perkins TH. 1985. Chrysopetalum, Bhawania and two new genera of Chrysopetalidae (Polychaeta), principally from Florida. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 98: 856 - 915." type="journal article" year="1985">Perkins (1985)</bibRefCitation>
, with the new genera published since that date added.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF49CA6FB88FFEED" blockId="7.[146,1103,168,447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">
Note 1.
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD23CFFABFED2CA60B94CFEAD" authority="Kiseleva, 1996" authorityName="Kiseleva" authorityYear="1996" box="[294,613,295,320]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23CFFABFED2CA60BA83FED2" box="[294,426,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">Vigtorniella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D23CFFABFE43CA6FB94CFEAD" author="Kiseleva MI" box="[439,613,295,319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" pagination="1092" refId="ref9575" refString="Kiseleva MI. 1996. [On a new name of the genus Victoriella (Polychaeta, Chrysopetallidae)]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 75: 1092. Russian." type="journal article" year="1996">Kiseleva, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is the replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD23CFFABFC2ECA60BA69FECD" authority="Kisseleva, 1992" authorityName="Kisseleva" authorityYear="1992" class="Globothalamea" family="Victoriellidae" genus="Victoriella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23CFFABFC2ECA60BF66FED2" box="[986,1103,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">Victoriella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D23CFFABFF66CA0FBA69FECD" author="Kisseleva MI" box="[146,320,327,351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" pagination="128 - 132" refId="ref9542" refString="Kisseleva MI. 1992. [New genus and species of the family Chrysopetalidae (Polychaeta) from the Black Sea]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 71: 128 - 132. Russian." type="journal article" year="1992">Kisseleva, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(which is preoccupied). The characters used in the key for this genus (which was published in Russian) were taken from
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D23CFFABFD17CA2FB88BFEED" author="Dahlgren TG" box="[739,930,359,383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" pagination="575 - 585" refId="ref8947" refString="Dahlgren TG. 1996. Two new species of Dysponetus (Polychaeta: Chrysopetalidae) from Italy and Papua New Guinea. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 109: 575 - 585." type="journal article" year="1996">Dahlgren (1996)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF49CACFB91CFE2D" blockId="7.[146,1103,168,447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">
Note 2.
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD23CFFABFEEDCACFB97BFE0D" authority="Watson Russell" authorityName="Watson Russell" authorityYear="1991" box="[281,594,391,415]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Strepternos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23CFFABFEEDCACFBAB0FE0D" box="[281,409,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">Strepternos</emphasis>
Watson Russell
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D23CFFABFD83CACFB889FE0D" author="Bhaud M &amp; Cazaux C" box="[631,928,391,415]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" pagination="595 - 753" refId="ref8847" refString="Bhaud M, Cazaux C. 1987. Description and identification of polychaete larvae, their implications in current biological problems. Oceanis 13: 595 - 753." type="journal article" year="1987">Bhaud and Cazaux (1987)</bibRefCitation>
was more fully described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D23CFFABFEDFCAEFB919FE2D" author="Watson Russell C" box="[299,560,423,447]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" pagination="283 - 294" refId="ref10766" refString="Watson Russell C. 1991. Strepternos didymopyton Watson Russell in Bhaud &amp; Cazaux, 1987 (Polychaeta: Chrysopetalidae) from Experimental wooden panels in deep waters of the Western North Atlantic. Ophelia Supplement 5: 283 - 294." type="journal article" year="1991">Watson Russell (1991)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BCA9FBF67FD9C" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">1. Notopodia of middle segments with paleae, or with paleae and at least one spine............................................. 4</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BC95EBF67FDBC" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" box="[191,1102,534,558]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">- Notopodia of middle segments with spines only.................. 2</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BC97EBF67FD1C" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">2. Compound neurochaetae with unidentate blades; appendage absent on posterior rim of mouth (ventral cirri of segment 1 may approach each other to form analogous structures).......................... 3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BC9DEBF67FD5C" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">
- Compound neurochaetae with bidentate blades; appendage present on posterior rim of mouth.... ‘‘
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD23CFFABFD9DC9FEB838FD5C" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[617,785,694,718]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Chrysopetalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23CFFABFD9DC9FEB838FD5C" box="[617,785,694,718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">Chrysopetalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’’
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23CFFABFCDCC9FEB853FD5C" box="[808,890,694,718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">caecum</emphasis>
Langerhans, 1880
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BC99EBF67FC9F" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">
3. Median antenna present; single pygidial projection present.........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD23CFFABFCEFC9BEBF67FC9F" authority="Levinsen, 1879" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1879" box="[795,1102,757,782]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Dysponetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23CFFABFCEFC9BEB8B2FC9C" box="[795,923,758,782]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">Dysponetus</emphasis>
Levinsen, 1879
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BC85DBF67FCDF" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">
- Median antenna absent; paired pygidial cirri present.............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD23CFFABFCE8C87EBF67FCDF" authority="Kiseleva, 1996" authorityName="Kiseleva" authorityYear="1996" box="[796,1102,821,846]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Vigtorniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23CFFABFCE8C87EB889FCDC" box="[796,928,822,846]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">Vigtorniella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D23CFFABFC5DC87DBF67FCDF" author="Kiseleva MI" box="[937,1102,821,845]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" pagination="1092" refId="ref9575" refString="Kiseleva MI. 1996. [On a new name of the genus Victoriella (Polychaeta, Chrysopetallidae)]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 75: 1092. Russian." type="journal article" year="1996">Kiseleva, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BC81DBF67FC1F" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">
4. Lateral and midline groups of notochaetae of middle segments consisting of spines only.................
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD23CFFABFCCDC83DBF67FC1F" authority="Perkins, 1985" authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1985" box="[825,1102,885,909]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Hyalopale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23CFFABFCCDC83DB882FC1F" box="[825,939,885,909]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">Hyalopale</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D23CFFABFC40C83DBF67FC1F" author="Perkins TH" box="[948,1102,885,909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" pagination="856 - 915" refId="ref10073" refString="Perkins TH. 1985. Chrysopetalum, Bhawania and two new genera of Chrysopetalidae (Polychaeta), principally from Florida. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 98: 856 - 915." type="journal article" year="1985">Perkins, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BC8DDBF67FC5F" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">- Lateral and midline groups of notochaetae of middle segments consisting of paleae or paleae and at least one spine............... 5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BC89DBF66FC7F" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" box="[191,1103,981,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">- Midline group notochaetae absent, lateral group paleae present..... 11</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BC8BCBF67FB9E" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" box="[191,1102,1012,1037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">
5. Four pairs of cirri on the first two segments.
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD23CFFABFCE5C8BDBF67FB9E" authority="Ehlers, 1864" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1864" box="[785,1102,1012,1037]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Chrysopetalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23CFFABFCE5C8BDB890FB9F" box="[785,953,1013,1037]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">Chrysopetalum</emphasis>
Ehlers, 1864
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BCF5CBF67FBBE" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" box="[191,1102,1044,1068]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">- Three pairs of cirri on the first two segments.................... 6</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BCF7CBF67FBFE" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">6. Middle group paleae of middle segments produced in fan-shaped groups from one or two developmental centres........................ 7</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BCF3CBF67FB3E" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">- Middle group paleae of middle segments produced separately, forming broad imbricate row..................................... 9</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BCFFCBF67FAB9" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">
7. Caruncle distinct; middle group paleae of middle segments produced from two developmental centres in fan-shaped rows, one behind the other; compound neurochaetae of middle segments with spinigerous blades.................. ‘‘
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD23CFFABFD85CE5CB9C2FABE" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1861" box="[625,747,1300,1324]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23CFFABFD85CE5CB9C2FABE" box="[625,747,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">Paleanotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’’
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23CFFABFCF7CE5CB85DFABE" box="[771,884,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">schmardai</emphasis>
Mileikovsky, 1962
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BCE7BBF67FA39" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">- Caruncle absent or greatly reduced; middle group paleae of middle segments produced in single fan-shaped, imbricate row from single developmental centre; compound neurochaetae of middle segments with falcigerous blades....................................... 8</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BCEFBBF67FA79" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">
8. Caruncle absent; middle group paleae of middle segments nearly symmetrical, with symmetrical tips..........
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD23CFFABFCC7CE9BBF67FA79" authority="Perkins, 1985" authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1985" box="[819,1102,1491,1515]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Treptopale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23CFFABFCC7CE9BB885FA79" box="[819,940,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">Treptopale</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D23CFFABFC40CE9BBF67FA79" author="Perkins TH" box="[948,1102,1491,1515]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" pagination="856 - 915" refId="ref10073" refString="Perkins TH. 1985. Chrysopetalum, Bhawania and two new genera of Chrysopetalidae (Polychaeta), principally from Florida. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 98: 856 - 915." type="journal article" year="1985">Perkins, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFABFF4BCEBBBF67F9D8" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">
- Caruncle/nuchal fold, if present, reduced to flattened structure; middle group paleae of middle segments distinctly asymmetrical, with margins convex laterally and concave medially......
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD23CFFABFCE0CD7BBF67F9D8" authority="Schmarda, 1861" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1861" box="[788,1102,1586,1611]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleanotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="802" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD23CFFABFCE0CD7BB8A7F9D9" box="[788,910,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">Paleanotus</emphasis>
Schmarda, 1861
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D23CFFA4FF4BCD1ABFB8FF72" blockId="7.[191,1103,471,1706]" lastBlockId="8.[258,1169,168,867]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="803" pageId="7" pageNumber="802">
9. Caruncle/nuchal fold and mouth cover present; up to 55 segments; dorsal cirri not retractile within cirrophores; midline group paleae of middle segments very stout; most lateral group paleae similar to middle group paleae but curved oppositely; paleae silver to gold......................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD233FFA4FCE8CB80BFB8FF72" authority="Watson Russell, 1998" authorityName="Watson Russell" authorityYear="1998" box="[796,1169,200,224]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Arichlidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="803" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD233FFA4FCE8CB80B8B9FF72" box="[796,912,200,224]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="803">Arichlidon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D233FFA4FC6DCB80BFB8FF72" author="Watson Russell C" box="[921,1169,200,224]" pageId="8" pageNumber="803" pagination="159 - 176" refId="ref10808" refString="Watson Russell C. 1998. Description of Arichlidon new genus and two new species from Australia; Bhawania reyssi redescribed and assigned to Arichlidon (Chrysopetalidae; Polychaeta). Beagle 14: 159 - 176." type="journal article" year="1998">Watson Russell, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D233FFA4FEF6CBA1BFB8FEF2" blockId="8.[258,1169,168,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="803">- Caruncle and mouth cover absent; adults with over 100 segments; dorsal cirri retractile within cirrophores; midline group paleae of middle segments broad but thin; lateral group paleae distinctly different from middle group paleae; paleae golden-brown..................... 10</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D233FFA4FEF6CA21BFB8FE53" blockId="8.[258,1169,168,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="803">
10. Adults with a maximum of 127 segments; paleae with erosive tips; comparatively discrete, semicircular, glandular nuchal fold.....................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD233FFA4FCE7CAE1BFB8FE53" authority="Watson Russell, 1986" authorityName="Watson Russell" authorityYear="1986" box="[787,1169,425,449]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Paleaequor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="803" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD233FFA4FCE7CAE1B8B9FE53" box="[787,912,425,449]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="803">Paleaequor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D233FFA4FC6DCAE1BFB8FE53" author="Watson Russell C" box="[921,1169,425,449]" pageId="8" pageNumber="803" pagination="153 - 174" refId="ref10737" refString="Watson Russell C. 1986. Paleaequor, a new genus of polychaete worm (Chrysopetalidae). Records of the Australian Museum 38: 153 - 174." type="journal article" year="1986">Watson Russell, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D233FFA4FEF6CA82BFB8FDB3" blockId="8.[258,1169,168,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="803">
- Adults with a maximum of more than 300 segments; paleae without erosive tips; thick, fleshy, projecting nuchal ridge................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD233FFA4FC97C941BFB8FDB3" authority="Schmarda, 1861" authorityName="Schmarda" authorityYear="1861" box="[867,1169,521,545]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Bhawania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="803" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD233FFA4FC97C941B8F9FDB3" box="[867,976,521,545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="803">Bhawania</emphasis>
Schmarda, 1861
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D233FFA4FEF6C962BFB8FDF0" blockId="8.[258,1169,168,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="803">11. Segment 2 with two pairs of tentacular cirri and notochaetae; mid-body compound falcigerous neurochaetae with bifid tips............... 12</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D233FFA4FEF6C923BFB8FD50" blockId="8.[258,1169,168,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="803">
- Segment 2 with dorsal cirri (ventral cirri absent), notochaetae and neurochaetae; mid-body compound falcigerous neurochaetae with thick unidentate tips.
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD233FFA4FDF5C9E2B814FD50" authority="Watson Russell" authorityName="Watson Russell" authorityYear="1991" box="[513,829,682,706]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Strepternos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="803" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD233FFA4FDF5C9E2B9A9FD50" box="[513,640,682,706]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="803">Strepternos</emphasis>
Watson Russell
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D233FFA4FC90C9E2BFB8FD50" author="Bhaud M &amp; Cazaux C" box="[868,1169,682,706]" pageId="8" pageNumber="803" pagination="595 - 753" refId="ref8847" refString="Bhaud M, Cazaux C. 1987. Description and identification of polychaete larvae, their implications in current biological problems. Oceanis 13: 595 - 753." type="journal article" year="1987">Bhaud and Cazaux (1987)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D233FFA4FEF6C983BFB8FC91" blockId="8.[258,1169,168,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="803">
12. Middle group notochaetae broad symmetrical paleae in one row; palps ovoid with distal filiform process.........
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD233FFA4FCAEC9A3BFB8FC91" authority="Watson, 2001" authorityName="Watson" authorityYear="2001" box="[858,1169,747,771]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Thrausmatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" pageNumber="803" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD233FFA4FCAEC9A3B8C3FC91" box="[858,1002,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="803">Thrausmatos</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D233FFA4FC07C9A3BFB8FC91" author="Watson C" box="[1011,1169,747,771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="803" pagination="57 - 66" refId="ref10708" refString="Watson C. 2001. New genus and species of Chrysopetalidae (Polychaeta) from hydrothermal vents (south-western Pacific). Beagle 17: 57 - 66." type="journal article" year="2001">Watson, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC536E8D233FFA4FEF6C844BFB8FCF1" blockId="8.[258,1169,168,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="803">
- Middle group notochaetae slender, curved, with spines, originating from discrete anterior and posterior rows; palps cylindrical, very elongate...............................
<taxonomicName id="4C7A4D6BD233FFA4FCC0C803B897FCF1" box="[820,958,843,867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Acanthopale" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="803" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90EEAFAD233FFA4FCC0C803B897FCF1" box="[820,958,843,867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="803">Acanthopale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB4B19D233FFA4FC33C803BFB8FCF1" author="San Martin G" box="[967,1169,843,867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="803" pagination="305 - 312" refId="ref10343" refString="San Martin G. 1986. Acanthopale perkinsi gen. et sp. n. (Polychaeta, Chrysopetalidae) from Cuba and Florida. Zoologica Scripta 15: 305 - 312." type="journal article" year="1986">
<collectingRegion id="49BEF80AD233FFA4FC33C803BF66FCF1" box="[967,1103,843,867]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="8" pageNumber="803">San Martín</collectingRegion>
, 1986
</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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