treatments-xml/data/03/D6/6E/03D66E0179734E7C28F5FC0AFD0BFB7A.xml

<document id="C343280E41A6387507DAC0E3FF318BA1" ID-CLB-Dataset="7379" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9bcb7dd2-d3b9-4fbd-9912-6e44b3dea144" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4671590" ID-ZooBank="6D19FD36-64CB-4AF0-8ED6-49E9DE07233F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617870209172" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vo, Van Quang, Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Dao, Ha Viet &amp; Tran, Hoa Hong Thi" docDate="2021" docId="03D66E0179734E7C28F5FC0AFD0BFB7A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4952.1.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4952 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Meadia minor Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9B9DF84B-6EDC-4381-99F4-6BC225B181A3" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="185" masterDocId="FFEF167979724E782862FFC7FFA6FFDB" masterDocTitle="A new arrowtooth eel of genus Meadia (Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae) from Vietnam, South China Sea" masterLastPageNumber="191" masterPageNumber="181" pageNumber="182" updateTime="1702001052921" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="2AE87819690090E44A1912DB4752AB63" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="243BAE3AAC74DDBAB97D1AD52BFAA484">
<mods:title id="CD8B4DF711BFE89A3DDCD02813E4490E">A new arrowtooth eel of genus Meadia (Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae) from Vietnam, South China Sea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B0348BF32C90FBD11C0D442DFE6EF1E0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5AC2DAFA020117330EC90B260C7F61B3">
<mods:roleTerm id="77F21FA2D262C361EA04F22453DBF4D7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A2032D56965ECCC645D0A1F4508E7928">Vo, Van Quang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E721DC19D3C155C37727FF6D534B53C8">Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam &amp; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="10DBFA63ED6D5DCDCE3D11A87F07EC83" type="personal">
<mods:role id="45DC9ACE3944118AAB22F6FD431AB10B">
<mods:roleTerm id="8A68C185F611F61C7AE2F9D5C2A2645E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F95241A6B2BF482C187426994510D906">Ho, Hsuan-Ching</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4C64AF10D767B5775E0CDC639F05A706">National Museum of Marine Biology &amp; Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan &amp; Institute of Marine Biology &amp; Aquarium, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung campus, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="707BA53EC7F4EDCBECB6B22B7DE8E8AA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6EC44837877A66D55150B29FA3E78B86">
<mods:roleTerm id="E9E3D0B4DA7A1425B73060D66D474D57">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CAED28F6A5A1C33F4A2D30946B260E9D">Dao, Ha Viet</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7F851BFDADD641AC42C11CD27B2FBF1C">Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="577C5D0CED9071585880CFAC86CDCA95" type="personal">
<mods:role id="25C2B9BA6ACCF5B900225F0BFFE19667">
<mods:roleTerm id="459E1CEFD82632846BCEF98A441552FB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8A60A59052E0EAEDBD76FF814B361E0B">Tran, Hoa Hong Thi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6D07F7C53EE5EEBB3C5FEC3268533542">Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="00A81C07990CE8ADA83323737067C2B6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D370B36C17268FF5F53230714CE09F43" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="E79604EA14A934C8D65C4246DB4F40C3">
<mods:title id="5CAE6B7499F8DE457BBBBB8CFEF4ECA7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="3713F92FC392F63ED40E7A33F41D3176">
<mods:date id="F065B82C6DBDCD927285152C486B9C2F">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2155CD5D506F1A30F264ADBD567C9896" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A23FE6ADA676EDF353991A94C6926DE5">2021-04-08</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F53FC97D12428BE854B122E461305371" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A9C78AE9B1C0EFB23FBE381F73D1AB2F">4952</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="AEE7F78B3A20D116F9059D2423208A3D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="36CCF4BD838C6BF45F9331F2495ED9C5">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="E322316A241B5B2239102B2DEAE084E7" unit="page">
<mods:start id="6F5F510B98846300F371D508DDD25A8C">181</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F32BD75D00681EAB8054216DFDA3843A">191</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="24627FD5A32B212F6F30296D25C2B557">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B562580749B7422434AAFA503AA98074" type="CLB-Dataset">7379</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="09AEE85DF8AA7B7F3EAFFECDBB3E9288" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.11</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0012F2ECBDB9F49E0E20154EB01DEE39" type="GBIF-Dataset">9bcb7dd2-d3b9-4fbd-9912-6e44b3dea144</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7EC7D444125694C7103FEC3E514EA398" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C3565E75CCE1BDA85B238DBC666CEAEF" type="Zenodo-Dep">4671590</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="352A1ABAB8E99C90C1DA1C50385EFB83" type="ZooBank">6D19FD36-64CB-4AF0-8ED6-49E9DE07233F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D66E0179734E7C28F5FC0AFD0BFB7A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685110" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181003677" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4685110" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9B9DF84B-6EDC-4381-99F4-6BC225B181A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D66E0179734E7C28F5FC0AFD0BFB7A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<subSubSection id="C3658C9C79734E7928F5FC0AFD82FC3C" box="[151,548,973,1000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779734E7928F5FC0AFD82FC3C" blockId="1.[151,970,973,1107]" box="[151,548,973,1000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<heading id="D088687B79734E7928F5FC0AFD82FC3C" bold="true" box="[151,548,973,1000]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B90B030579734E7928F5FC0AFD82FC3C" bold="true" box="[151,548,973,1000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479734E7928F5FC0AFE1FFC3C" authority="Vo &amp; Ho" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,441,973,1000]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90B030579734E7928F5FC0AFEE5FC3C" bold="true" box="[151,323,973,1000]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Meadia minor</emphasis>
Vo &amp; Ho
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A238BE7E79734E7929A4FC0AFD82FC3C" box="[454,548,973,999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3658C9C79734E7928F5FC36FC6CFBD7" box="[151,970,1009,1036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779734E7928F5FC36FC6CFBD7" blockId="1.[151,970,973,1107]" box="[151,970,1009,1036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<uri id="FFEED31579734E7928F5FC36FC6CFBD7" box="[151,970,1009,1036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
<uuid id="FFD9E5C279734E7929CEFC36FC6CFBD7" box="[428,970,1009,1036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">9B9DF84B-6EDC-4381-99F4-6BC225B181A3</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3658C9C79734E7928F5FBD2FD8CFBF4" box="[151,554,1045,1072]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779734E7928F5FBD2FD8CFBF4" blockId="1.[151,970,973,1107]" box="[151,554,1045,1072]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">English name: Small arrowtooth eel</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3658C9C79734E7928F5FBFEFEC7FB88" box="[151,353,1081,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779734E7928F5FBFEFEC7FB88" blockId="1.[151,970,973,1107]" box="[151,353,1081,1107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<figureCitation id="1344C39279734E7928F5FBFEFF45FB88" box="[151,227,1081,1107]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1954,1978]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,472,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-152@2.[151,1436,453,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Meadia minor sp. nov. A. Holotype, OIM-E.55801, 307 mm TL, preserved. B. Paratype, OIM-E.55803, 316 mm TL, fresh caught. C. Close-up of head, from OIM-E. 55803. Arrows point to the dorsal-fin origin (D) and anal-fin origin (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671592/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1344C39279734E792893FBFEFEA4FB88" box="[241,258,1081,1107]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1975,1999]" captionTargetBox="[204,1429,1190,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-469@3.[157,1429,1137,1952]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Illustrations of Meadia minor sp. nov. demonstrating (A) the arrangement of head and anterior lateral-line pores and (B) teeth on jaws; both from holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671594/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">2</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C6FDEAAC79734E79296CFBFEFEC7FB88" box="[270,353,1081,1107]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,440,464]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data of three Meadia species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF008F9F797A4E7028F5FE7FFCD2FE0B" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" tableUuid="DF008F9F797A4E7028F5FE7FFCD2FE0B">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3658C9C79734E7928F5FBBBFC29FAFD" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779734E7928F5FBBBFBF9FB61" blockId="1.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<materialsCitation id="3B17D54A79734E7928F5FBBBFBF9FB61" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071290302" collectingDate="2019-05-03" country="Vietnam" county="Sea" elevation="110" latitude="13.733334" location="Quy Nhon" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="109.25" municipality="South" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Binh Dinh" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B90B030579734E7928F5FBBBFEADFB4D" bold="true" box="[151,267,1148,1174]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<typeStatus id="54C461B579734E7928F5FBBBFEA0FB4D" box="[151,262,1148,1174]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
OIM-E. 
<quantity id="4C8772F279734E79290CFBBBFD85FB4C" box="[366,547,1148,1175]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5801307" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="5.5801307E7">55801, 307 mm</quantity>
TL, field no. Q.00443-2, ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4BB9D079734E792B1EFBBBFC79FB4D" box="[892,991,1148,1174]" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" precision="925" value="13.733334">13°44’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4BB9D079734E792B8CFBBBFBFDFB4C" box="[1006,1115,1148,1175]" degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" precision="925" value="109.25">109°15’E</geoCoordinate>
, off 
<location id="8EA089CC79734E792CF6FBBBFAA9FB4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D66E0179734E7C28F5FC0AFD0BFB7A:8EA089CC79734E792CF6FBBBFAA9FB4D" box="[1172,1295,1148,1174]" country="Vietnam" county="Sea" latitude="13.733334" longLatPrecision="1290" longitude="109.25" municipality="South" name="Quy Nhon" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" stateProvince="Binh Dinh">Quy Nhon</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49BB11F579734E792D7FFBBBFA3EFB4D" box="[1309,1432,1148,1174]" country="Vietnam" name="Binh Dinh" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Binh Dinh</collectingRegion>
, central coast of 
<collectingCountry id="F3689F8779734E79292BFB67FE0DFB61" box="[329,427,1184,1210]" name="Vietnam" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA4456D79734E7929D7FB67FE50FB61" box="[437,502,1184,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">South</collectingMunicipality>
China 
<collectingCounty id="62A1A79B79734E792A2AFB67FDD5FB61" box="[584,627,1184,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Sea</collectingCounty>
, bottom trawl, ca. 
<quantity id="4C8772F279734E792B21FB67FC62FB60" box="[835,964,1184,1211]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="110.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="100.0">
<elevation id="0052382479734E792B21FB67FC62FB60" box="[835,964,1184,1211]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="110.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="100.0">100–120 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFC1F9D779734E792BB2FB67FBFDFB61" box="[976,1115,1184,1211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="2019-05-03">
<collectingDate id="EF85003F79734E792BB2FB67FBFDFB61" box="[976,1115,1184,1211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="2019-05-03">3 May 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779734E7928A5FB03FC29FAFD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<materialsCitation id="3B17D54A79734E7928A5FB03FD9AFAD9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071290301" collectingDate="2019-05-02" collectionCode="NMMB-P" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" specimenCode="NMMB-P37412" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B90B030579734E7928A5FB03FEE0FB05" bold="true" box="[199,326,1220,1246]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<typeStatus id="54C461B579734E7928A5FB03FEE7FB05" box="[199,321,1220,1246]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Nine specimens, 
<quantity id="4C8772F279734E792A6DFB03FD03FB04" box="[527,677,1220,1247]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0149999999999997" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.73" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="301.5" valueMax="330.0" valueMin="273.0">273–330 mm</quantity>
TL, all collected from near type locality: 
<specimenCode id="DBD9776C79734E792C1CFB03FA9EFB05" box="[1150,1336,1220,1246]" collectionCode="NMMB-P" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">NMMB-P37412</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D79149E79734E792D26FB03FF73FAD8" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="4C8772F279734E792883FB2FFED1FAD8" box="[225,375,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="2.92" metricValueMin="2.78" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="285.0" valueMax="292.0" valueMin="278.0">278–292 mm</quantity>
TL, 
<date id="FFC1F9D779734E7929D2FB2FFD9AFAD9" box="[432,572,1256,1283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="2019-05-02">
<collectingDate id="EF85003F79734E7929D2FB2FFD9AFAD9" box="[432,572,1256,1283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="2019-05-02">2 May 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; OIM-E.55802, 
<specimenCount id="9D79149E79734E792A94FB2FFC22FAD9" box="[758,900,1256,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="4C8772F279734E792BF2FB2FFB80FAD8" box="[912,1062,1256,1283]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1399999999999997" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.98" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="314.0" valueMax="330.0" valueMin="298.0">298–330 mm</quantity>
TL, 
<date id="FFC1F9D779734E792C3CFB2FFB4DFAD9" box="[1118,1259,1256,1283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="2019-05-02">2 May 2019</date>
; OIM-E. 
<quantity id="4C8772F279734E792D32FB2FFF52FAFC" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.580331599999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="5.5803316E7">55803, 316 mm</quantity>
TL, 
<date id="FFC1F9D779734E792948FACBFE13FAFD" box="[298,437,1292,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="2019-05-03">3 May 2019</date>
; OIM-E. 
<quantity id="4C8772F279734E792A7AFACBFD6FFAFC" box="[536,713,1292,1319]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5804273" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="5.5804273E7">55804, 273 mm</quantity>
TL, 
<date id="FFC1F9D779734E792B62FACBFC2DFAFD" box="[768,907,1292,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" value="2019-05-03">3 May 2019</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3658C9C79734E7928A5FAF7FE82FA00" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779734E7928A5FAF7FE82FA00" blockId="1.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="B90B030579734E7928A5FAF7FEE4FA91" bold="true" box="[199,322,1328,1354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A species of scaleless ilyophine eel of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479734E792B13FAF7FC61FA91" box="[881,967,1328,1354]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B030579734E792B13FAF7FC61FA91" box="[881,967,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Meadia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a relatively long trunk (21.3–25.0% TL) that is longer than head length; a short and blunt snout (21.4–23.7% HL); interbranchial space broad (20.7– 26.2% HL); gill opening against lower base of pectoral-fin base; dorsal-fin origin above posterior third of pectoral fin; body depth 24–28 times in TL; TV 118–122; mean vertebral formula 7-33-121; and a small body size reaching 
<quantity id="4C8772F279734E7928F5FA07FF52FA00" box="[151,244,1472,1499]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="330.0">330 mm</quantity>
TL.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3658C9C79734E7B28A5FA23FCC4FC7E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="184" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779734E7928A5FA23FD36F955" blockId="1.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="B90B030579734E7928A5FA23FEFFFA25" bold="true" box="[199,345,1508,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric data of the 
<typeStatus id="54C461B579734E792AF5FA23FD5AFA25" box="[663,764,1508,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, in mm (% TL in parentheses
<emphasis id="B90B030579734E792C3BFA23FBCFFA25" bold="true" box="[1113,1129,1508,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">).</emphasis>
TL 307; head length 35.1 (11.4% TL); predorsal length 36.6 (11.9); preanal length 104 (33.9); trunk length 68.9 (22.4); tail length 203 (66.1); depth at gill opening 12.6 (4.1); width at gill opening 10.4 (3.4); depth at anus 10.6 (3.5); width at anus 10.2 (3.3); eye diameter 3.6 (1.2); interorbital width 9.2 (3.0); snout length 7.5 (2.4); upper-jaw length 14.4 (4.7); gill opening height 1.9 (0.6); pectoral-fin length 8.8 (2.9).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779734E7928A5F95FFD2DF8BC" blockId="1.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">
The following values are given for the 
<typeStatus id="54C461B579734E792A19F95FFD46F969" box="[635,736,1688,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, followed by that of all types in parentheses. Body moderately slender, body depth at gill opening 24 (24–28) times in TL; head and trunk slightly compressed, becoming more compressed posteriorly. Body depth relatively uniform, depth at gill opening 4.1% (3.6–4.1%) TL, narrowing gradually to caudal fin. Dorsal and anal fins high, the height of both fins about 1/4 of body depth without fins, continuous with a small caudal fin. Pectoral fin well-developed, lower half of its base at posterior-dorsal corner of gill opening; pectoral-fin length 25.1% (21.1–25.1%) HL.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779734E7928A5F8B7FA82F82C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="182">Head moderately long, its length 11.4% (10.6–11.4%) TL; origin of dorsal fin slightly behind the gill opening, above a vertical through posterior 1/3 of the pectoral fin (middle to posterior 1/3 of the fin), predorsal length 11.9% (11.1–12.0%) TL; trunk long, 22.4% (21.3–25.0%) TL; anus well posterior, 2.0 (1.9–2.4) times head length behind pectoral-fin base; preanal length 33.9% (32.1–35.6%) TL; tail long, tail length 66.1% (64.4–67.9%) TL.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779704E7A28A5FF50FBC5FE76" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Head moderately slender, with a bump in the dorsal profile; snout blunt anteriorly and broad dorsally, covered with scattered short papillae; snout length 21.4% (21.4–23.7%) HL; tip of snout slightly projecting beyond lower jaw; eye moderately large, covered by a thick and semitransparent membrane, its anterior margin above middle of upper jaw (directly above to slightly behind); eye diameter 10.8% (8.3–10.9%) HL or 2.0 (2.0–2.8) times in snout length; interorbital space broad, flat or slightly concave, width 21.1% (19.9–22.1%) HL; postorbital space broad. Anterior nostrils tubular, directed anteroventrally; posterior nostril an elliptical slit without rim, situated in front of eye, about same level as lower margin of eye. Lower jaw shorter than upper, its tip reaching first pore of supraorbital series. End of mouth gape well behind eye, upper-jaw length 41.0% (38.4–41.1%) HL.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF008F9F79704E7A28F5F865FA2FF804" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4671592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671592/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" startId="2.[151,250,1954,1978]" targetBox="[151,1436,472,1931]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779704E7A28F5F865FA2FF804" blockId="2.[151,1436,1954,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B90B030579704E7A28F5F865FEB2F861" bold="true" box="[151,276,1954,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479704E7A2979F864FE0AF861" authority="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran, 2021" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[283,428,1955,1979]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90B030579704E7A2979F864FE0AF861" box="[283,428,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">Meadia minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90B030579704E7A29D0F864FDA2F860" bold="true" box="[434,516,1955,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A238BE7E79704E7A29D0F864FDA2F860" box="[434,516,1955,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="183" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A. Holotype, OIM-E.55801, 307 mm TL, preserved. B. Paratype, OIM-E.55803, 316 mm TL, fresh caught. C. Close-up of head, from OIM-E. 55803. Arrows point to the dorsal-fin origin (D) and anal-fin origin (A).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779714E7B28A5FF50FD98FE9A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
Gill opening small, oval, its posterior margin against lower half of pectoral-fin base. Head pores large and obvious (
<figureCitation id="1344C39279714E7B28AFFF7CFE80FF0E" box="[205,294,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1975,1999]" captionTargetBox="[204,1429,1190,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-469@3.[157,1429,1137,1952]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Illustrations of Meadia minor sp. nov. demonstrating (A) the arrangement of head and anterior lateral-line pores and (B) teeth on jaws; both from holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671594/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Head pores: SO 3 (including ethmoid), all restricted to anterior portion of snout, opening of first pore directed ventrally; AD 0; IO 4, 2 pores between nostrils, 1 below posterior nostril and last 1 below middle of eye, no pores behind eye; POM 7, anterior 6 pores along lower jaw, the last pore about 1.5–2.0 eye dimeters behind the penultimate one and rictus; ST 0; F 0.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779714E7B28A5FE8CFEC2FE76" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Lateral line almost complete, the canal extends nearly to the caudal fin base; pores large and clear in anterior half of lateral line, gradually becoming smaller and indistinct. Lateral-line pores: PDLL 4 (3–4), PPLL 2 (2–3), PALL 39 (35–41).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779714E7B28A5FE70FADCFD72" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
Teeth various in size and shape (
<figureCitation id="1344C39279714E7B2A51FE70FD2DFE0A" box="[563,651,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1975,1999]" captionTargetBox="[204,1429,1190,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-469@3.[157,1429,1137,1952]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Illustrations of Meadia minor sp. nov. demonstrating (A) the arrangement of head and anterior lateral-line pores and (B) teeth on jaws; both from holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671594/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Teeth on intermaxillary and vomer forming a long, continuous patch extending to behind rictus; teeth on anterior margin small, large and stout on anterior half of patch, in about 7 rows at broadest portion, each with a cutting edge on tip, gradually becoming 2 well-separated rows in posterior portion. Maxillary with a short band of 3 to 4 regular rows of slender teeth, those in outer row shortest, gradually longer posteriorly; those on inner row long canines, with their tips less pointed. Lower jaw with a tooth patch longer than that of upper jaw, 3 rows anteriorly and gradually becoming 2 rows posteriorly; teeth on anterior half of inner 2 rows enlarged, each with a cutting edge, gradually becoming smaller posteriorly; teeth on outer row uniformly small.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779714E7B28A5FD74FA81FD16" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1113]" box="[199,1319,690,718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Vertebrae: PDV 7 (6–8), PAV 32 (32–35), PCV 45 (44–46), TV 122 (118–122), and MVF 7-33-121.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779714E7B28A5FD10FCC4FC7E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="B90B030579714E7B28A5FD10FEECFD2A" box="[199,330,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Coloration.</emphasis>
When fresh (
<figureCitation id="1344C39279714E7B2986FD10FDCFFD2A" box="[484,617,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1954,1978]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,472,1931]" captionTargetId="figure-152@2.[151,1436,453,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Meadia minor sp. nov. A. Holotype, OIM-E.55801, 307 mm TL, preserved. B. Paratype, OIM-E.55803, 316 mm TL, fresh caught. C. Close-up of head, from OIM-E. 55803. Arrows point to the dorsal-fin origin (D) and anal-fin origin (A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671592/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Figs. 1B, C</figureCitation>
), body uniformly grayish brown; dorsal and anal fins with narrow white margins; posterior portion of tail and vertical fins darker; white patches on lips, lower parts of chin, and outer surface of gill chamber; pectoral fin pale stained with some dark pigments. When preserved, upper half of body light brown and lower half blackish brown; lip, chin, and outer surface of gill chamber irregularly pale; dorsal fin and upper part of caudal fin deep brown with very narrow white margin; anal fin dark brown, with slight white margin, on anterior half. Peritoneal membranes and mouth cavity white.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3658C9C79714E7B28A5FC69FF56FB82" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779714E7B28A5FC69FC5BFC36" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="B90B030579714E7B28A5FC69FEC7FC13" bold="true" box="[199,353,942,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known from the 
<typeStatus id="54C461B579714E7B2A4AFC68FDFEFC12" box="[552,600,943,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">type</typeStatus>
specimens collected from off Quy Nhon, around central coast of 
<collectingCountry id="F3689F8779714E7B2D54FC68FA3EFC12" box="[1334,1432,943,969]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, South 
<collectingCountry id="F3689F8779714E7B2882FC14FE85FC36" box="[224,291,979,1005]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">China</collectingCountry>
Sea, collected by bottom trawl at estimated depth of 
<quantity id="4C8772F279714E7B2B15FC15FC5FFC36" box="[887,1017,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="m" value="125.0" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="100.0">
100– 
<specimenCount id="9D79149E79714E7B2BCDFC15FC5FFC36" box="[943,1017,978,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" type="generic">150 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779714E7B28A5FC31FF56FB82" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="B90B030579714E7B28A5FC31FF58FBCB" bold="true" box="[199,254,1014,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Size.</emphasis>
The largest specimen examined is a 
<quantity id="4C8772F279714E7B2ACEFC30FCADFBCA" box="[684,779,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="330.0">330 mm</quantity>
TL male (OIM-E.55802. 1 of 4). Another mature female (OIM-E.55802, 1 of 
<quantity id="4C8772F279714E7B291EFBDCFE55FBEE" box="[380,499,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.298" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" unit="mm" value="4298.0">4, 298 mm</quantity>
TL) has developed ovaries containing small eggs, which indicates that this is a small species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF008F9F79714E7B28F5F870FDEEF82F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671594" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4671594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671594/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" startId="3.[151,250,1975,1999]" targetBox="[204,1429,1190,1933]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779714E7B28F5F870FDEEF82F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1975,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
<emphasis id="B90B030579714E7B28F5F870FEB2F80B" bold="true" box="[151,276,1975,2000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Illustrations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479714E7B29DBF87FFDECF814" authority="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran, 2021" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[441,586,1976,2000]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90B030579714E7B29DBF87FFDECF814" box="[441,586,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">Meadia minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90B030579714E7B2A33F87FFD05F80B" bold="true" box="[593,675,1976,2000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A238BE7E79714E7B2A33F87FFD05F80B" box="[593,675,1976,2000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="184" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
demonstrating (A) the arrangement of head and anterior lateral-line pores and (B) teeth on jaws; both from holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3658C9C79764E7C28A5FF51FBCFFF0F" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779764E7C28A5FF51FBCFFF0F" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C28A5FF51FEE8FF6B" bold="true" box="[199,334,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is from Latin 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2ADBFF50FD5AFF6B" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[697,764,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2ADBFF50FD5AFF6B" box="[697,764,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, meaning “rather small,” in reference to the small adult body size of the species compared to two congeners, as well as most members of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2B8BFF7DFBC2FF0F" box="[1001,1124,186,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ilyophinae">Ilyophinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3658C9C79764E7C28A5FF19FD0BFB7A" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779764E7C28A5FF19FAC2FE9B" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C28A5FF19FEC4FF23" bold="true" box="[199,354,222,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Comparison.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C290BFF19FDAFFF23" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[361,521,222,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C290BFF19FDAFFF23" box="[361,521,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Meadia minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily separated from its two congeners, as well as most members of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2D04FF19FF43FEC7" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ilyophinae">Ilyophinae</taxonomicName>
, in having a relatively long trunk (1.9–2.4 HL) and preanal length (32.1–35.6% TL), relatively few vertebrae (118–122), and more numerous teeth on premaxilla and vomer which form a continuous long patch (
<figureCitation id="1344C39279764E7C2C9CFEE1FAF0FE9B" box="[1278,1366,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1975,1999]" captionTargetBox="[204,1429,1190,1933]" captionTargetId="figure-469@3.[157,1429,1137,1952]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Illustrations of Meadia minor sp. nov. demonstrating (A) the arrangement of head and anterior lateral-line pores and (B) teeth on jaws; both from holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671594/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779764E7C28A5FE8DFE00FDBA" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
<tableCitation id="C6FDEAAC79764E7C28A5FE8DFEBCFEBF" box="[199,282,330,356]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,440,464]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data of three Meadia species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF008F9F797A4E7028F5FE7FFCD2FE0B" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" tableUuid="DF008F9F797A4E7028F5FE7FFCD2FE0B">Table 1</tableCitation>
provides the morphometric and meristic data for comparison of the three congeners in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2C86FE8DFA9CFEBF" box="[1252,1338,330,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2C86FE8DFA9CFEBF" box="[1252,1338,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Meadia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2D25FE8DFF7AFE53" authorityName="Mok, Lee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="1991" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2D25FE8DFF7AFE53" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Meadia roseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the highest counts of predorsal, preanal, precaudal, and total vertebrae, compared to those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2D5BFEA8FF6CFE77" baseAuthorityName="Kamohara" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssalis">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2D5BFEA8FF6CFE77" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. abyssalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2960FE54FECDFE77" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[258,363,403,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2960FE54FECDFE77" box="[258,363,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The preanal length is longest in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2A81FE54FCEAFE77" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[739,844,403,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2A81FE54FCEAFE77" box="[739,844,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, moderately long in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2C55FE54FB04FE77" authorityName="Mok, Lee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="1991" box="[1079,1186,403,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2C55FE54FB04FE77" box="[1079,1186,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. roseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(22.0–23.5% TL) and relatively short in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C290AFE70FE50FE0B" baseAuthorityName="Kamohara" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[360,502,438,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssalis">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C290AFE70FE50FE0B" box="[360,502,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. abyssalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(15.5–18.2% TL). The head and predorsal length are relatively long in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2D4BFE70FA33FE0B" authorityName="Mok, Lee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="1991" box="[1321,1429,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2D4BFE70FA33FE0B" box="[1321,1429,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. roseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C289EFE1CFEC0FE2F" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[252,358,475,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C289EFE1CFEC0FE2F" box="[252,358,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C29C2FE1CFD88FE2F" baseAuthorityName="Kamohara" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[416,558,474,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssalis">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C29C2FE1CFD88FE2F" box="[416,558,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. abyssalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have relatively small heads and similar predorsal lengths. The snout is short in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C28D6FE38FEBBFDC3" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[180,285,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C28D6FE38FEBBFDC3" box="[180,285,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(21.4–23.7% HL), whereas both 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2AF4FE38FC85FDC3" baseAuthorityName="Kamohara" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[662,803,510,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssalis">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2AF4FE38FC85FDC3" box="[662,803,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. abyssalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2B38FE38FC63FDC3" authorityName="Mok, Lee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="1991" box="[858,965,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2B38FE38FC63FDC3" box="[858,965,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. roseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a relatively long snout (28.4–31.6% HL and 28.0–31.2% HL, respectively). The gill opening is relatively small in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2B95FDE4FBF9FDE7" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[1015,1119,547,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2B95FDE4FBF9FDE7" box="[1015,1119,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared to that of both 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2D1CFDE4FF58FDBB" baseAuthorityName="Kamohara" baseAuthorityYear="1938" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssalis">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2D1CFDE4FF58FDBB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. abyssalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2956FD80FE39FDBB" authorityName="Mok, Lee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="1991" box="[308,415,583,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2956FD80FE39FDBB" box="[308,415,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. roseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779764E7C28A5FDADFDD3FC87" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
The numbers of head pores are somewhat different among the three 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2BD5FDADFBABFD5F" box="[951,1037,618,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2BD5FDADFBABFD5F" box="[951,1037,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Meadia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2C13FDADFAB7FD5F" authorityName="Mok, Lee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="1991" box="[1137,1297,618,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2C13FDADFAB7FD5F" box="[1137,1297,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Meadia roseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an additional SO pore above the eye, whereas the two other species do not (
<tableCitation id="C6FDEAAC79764E7C2BECFD49FC47FD73" box="[910,993,654,680]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,440,464]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data of three Meadia species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF008F9F797A4E7028F5FE7FFCD2FE0B" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" tableUuid="DF008F9F797A4E7028F5FE7FFCD2FE0B">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Both 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2C54FD48FB64FD73" baseAuthorityName="Kamohara" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1078,1218,654,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssalis">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2C54FD48FB64FD73" box="[1078,1218,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. abyssalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2C95FD48FAC7FD73" authorityName="Mok, Lee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="1991" box="[1271,1377,655,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2C95FD48FAC7FD73" box="[1271,1377,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. roseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 1 adnasal pore at the dorsoposterior corner of the anterior nostril and 1 pore behind the eye, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2C97FD74FAFAFD17" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[1269,1372,691,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2C97FD74FAFAFD17" box="[1269,1372,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks these two pores (
<tableCitation id="C6FDEAAC79764E7C2935FD11FE0DFD2B" box="[343,427,726,752]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,440,464]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data of three Meadia species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF008F9F797A4E7028F5FE7FFCD2FE0B" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" tableUuid="DF008F9F797A4E7028F5FE7FFCD2FE0B">Table 1</tableCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C29A7FD11FDC1FD2B" authorityName="Mok, Lee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="1991" box="[453,615,726,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C29A7FD11FDC1FD2B" box="[453,615,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Meadia roseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a total of 10 or 11 pores on POM, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2CE5FD10FAB3FD2B" baseAuthorityName="Kamohara" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1159,1301,726,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssalis">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2CE5FD10FAB3FD2B" box="[1159,1301,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. abyssalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 8 pores and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C28A4FD3CFE88FCCF" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[198,302,763,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C28A4FD3CFE88FCCF" box="[198,302,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 7. It is notable that the last POM pore is far behind the rictus, usually about 1.5–2.0 eye diameters in distance in all three species. The configuration of lateral-line pores is also different among these congeners and is associated with their vertebral formulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779764E7C28A5FCA0FB37FC12" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
Moreover, the 
<typeStatus id="54C461B579764E7C2909FCA0FE3DFC5A" box="[363,411,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">type</typeStatus>
series of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2A64FCA0FDC8FC5B" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[518,622,871,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2A64FCA0FDC8FC5B" box="[518,622,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes at least one mature female which indicates that it is a small species (up to 
<quantity id="4C8772F279764E7C2972FC4DFECBFC7E" box="[272,365,906,933]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="330.0">330 mm</quantity>
TL). The largest specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2ADBFC4CFC85FC7F" authorityName="Mok, Lee &amp; Chan" authorityYear="1991" box="[697,803,907,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseni">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2ADBFC4CFC85FC7F" box="[697,803,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. roseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in NMMB-P collection is 
<quantity id="4C8772F279764E7C2C2BFC4DFB03FC7E" box="[1097,1189,906,933]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2299999999999995" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="723.0">723 mm</quantity>
TL (NMMB-P29943) and the largest specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C29B2FC68FDFAFC13" baseAuthorityName="Kamohara" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[464,604,942,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssalis">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C29B2FC68FDFAFC13" box="[464,604,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. abyssalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined by us is 
<quantity id="4C8772F279764E7C2B51FC69FC36FC12" box="[819,912,942,969]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.95" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="595.0">595 mm</quantity>
TL (NMMB-P20654).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC0DF1779764E7C28A5FC15FD0BFB7A" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">
Although included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C29A6FC15FDBCFC37" box="[452,538,978,1004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C29A6FC15FDBCFC37" box="[452,538,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Meadia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2A49FC14FD30FC37" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[555,662,979,1004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2A49FC14FD30FC37" box="[555,662,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">M. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2B08FC15FC55FC37" authorityName="Robins in Robins &amp; Robins" authorityYear="1976" box="[874,1011,978,1004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Ilyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arx">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2B08FC15FC55FC37" box="[874,1011,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Ilyophis arx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the tropical eastern Pacific, in having a blunt head, a short and deep snout, and similar body proportions. It can be distinguished from the latter in having 35–41 preanal pores (vs. 26–30), teeth on jaws, intermaxillary, and vomer various in size (vs. mostly small and uniform in size), last POM pore clearly behind rictus (vs. below the posterior end of rictus), 118–122 total vertebrae (vs. 131–135). 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C29EEFBA5FD8AFBA7" authorityName="Vo &amp; Ho &amp; Dao &amp; Tran" authorityYear="2021" box="[396,556,1122,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Meadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C29EEFBA5FD8AFBA7" box="[396,556,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Meadia minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the remaining species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2BB5FBA5FB97FBA7" authorityName="C.H.Gilbert" authorityYear="1891" box="[983,1073,1122,1148]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Ilyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2BB5FBA5FB97FBA7" box="[983,1073,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Ilyophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having much fewer vertebrae (vs. 
<quantity id="4C8772F279764E7C28A5FB41FEE0FB7B" box="[199,326,1158,1184]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1655999999999995" metricValueMax="4.7752" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" unit="in" value="164.0" valueMax="188.0" valueMin="140.0">140–188 in</quantity>
the other 4 species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7FA49479764E7C2A20FB41FD3AFB7B" authorityName="C.H.Gilbert" authorityYear="1891" box="[578,668,1158,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Synaphobranchidae" genus="Ilyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90B030579764E7C2A20FB41FD3AFB7B" box="[578,668,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="185">Ilyophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>